精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年高二上学期月考二英语试题

复旦附中高二上月考二 英语 （考试时间 120 分钟，满分 150 分） 2025.12 I. Listening Comprehension (25 分) Section A (10%) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. 6:15. B. 7:15. C. 7:50. D. 6:50. 2. A. To leave it alone. B. To learn it by heart. C. To read it once more. D. To talk about it. 3.A. He missed it. B. He watched it. C. He disliked it. D. He would see it again. 4. A. She bought the wrong book. B. She asked for a new textbook. C. She lost her money. D. She bought the last edition of the book. 5. A. Cousins. B. Classmates. C. Colleagues. D. Twins. 6. A. A holiday. B. Luck. C. Work. D. Health condition. 7.A. In a flower shop. B. In a supermarket. C. In a restaurant. D. In a post office. 8.A. Manager. B. Doctor. C. Waiter. D. Teacher. 9.A. The woman isn’t satisfied with her body shape. B. The woman is pregnant. C. A new family member will move in to live with the couple. D. The woman is trying to lose weight. 10.A. The woman enjoyed the movie very much. B. The woman didn’t sleep well last night because of the movie. C. The man asked the woman to be careful at night. D. The man invited the woman to go to the theatre together. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and two longer conversations, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversations. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Because Japanese people are over‑stressed from work. B. Because Japan has the most crowded roads in the world. C. Because Japanese automakers possess highly advanced technology. D. Because Japan has first‑class showrooms in the world. 12. A. It can see the road through a tiny camera on the windshield. B. A computer can pick out lines on the highway surface. C. The system can help to steer the car throughout the whole trip. D. A computer directs the car to drive in the right direction. 13. A. The harm of tiredness in driving. B. The leading cause of road accidents. C. The use of laser radar in a safer ride. D. The design of intelligent cars in Japan. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. They result in more sports events. B. They get more viewers to play sports. C. They make more people interested in television. D. They bring more money to the television networks. 15. A. Because their advertisers are car makers. B. Because their viewers are attracted by sports. C. Because their advertisers target rich people. D. Because their viewers can afford expensive cars. 16. A. Television ratings are determined by male viewers. B. Rich viewers contribute most to television companies. C. Sports are gaining importance in advertising on television. D. Commercial advertisers are the major sponsors of sports events. Questions 17 through 18 are based on the following conversation. 17.A. Because the bill price was too high. B. Because the rates have gone up. C. Because he forgot where he had called last month. D. Because they gave him the wrong country code. 18. A. The man. B. The man’s wife. C. The man’s cousin. D. The wife’s cousin. Questions 19 and 20 are based on the following conversation. 19. A. The woman was out shopping and couldn’t stop the fire in time. B. A firecracker flew into the yard. C. The firecracker set the supermarket on fire. D. The firecracker set the grass on fire. 20. A. She went on vacation as scheduled. B. She changed her flight. C. She canceled her journey. D. She argued with the insurance company about compensation for the loss. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20 分) Section A (1*10=10) Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. The casualty list at least ________ the extent of the disaster, if it is not a cover-up for the real death toll. A. underestimates B. understates C. undercharges D. underachieves 2. His next‑door neighbor whom he had never talked to ________ the same company as the one he did, which he found out only by chance when they coincidentally joined the same WeChat group for a local community event. A. turned out that he works for B. turning out to work for C. seemed to work for D. seemed that he worked for 3. She stared at the headmaster in stunned ________ as she unfolded the admission letter from the university she had been dreaming of. A. relief B. meditation C. mystery D. disbelief 4. Fast fashion critics argue that cheaply made clothes ________ quickly, ending up in landfills, while public interest in sustainability trends might ________ if governments fail to enforce stricter recycling policies. A. wear out; wear off B. tear apart; fade away C. break down; die out D. use up; run out 5. In late 2013, a formidable disease, later named Ebola virus disease (EVD), ________ West Africa and ________ many people. A. visited; transmitted B. hit; contracted C. swept across; touched D. spread; infected 6. When the hiker finally reached the mountain peak, he was ________ for air, his face pale from exhaustion. A. sighing B. gasping C. breathing D. grasping 7. The group, composed of trusted experts, ________ the owner of the pet who sought urgent guidance that the mushrooms were not dangerous. A. consigned B. reassured C. convinced D. resolved 8. The employee knew he was in the boss’s bad ________ after missing the deadline for the third time. A. books B. lists C. records D. notes 9. ________ enter private property without permission. Any trespasser will have to face both civil and criminal consequences. A. On no circumstances should one B. On no occasion should one C. No matter the occasion is, one should not D. Whatever the circumstance is should one not 10. The ________ flower struggled to survive the harsh winter, its delicate petals trembling in the frost-laden wind. A. fledgling B. resilient C. artificial D. withered Section B（10分） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. unfortunate B. anticipated C. construct D. components E. gestures F. attempts G. link H. element I. cites J. formed K. resistant The modern economy depends on how well people connect with others Success in manufacturing depends on physical things: creating the best product using the best equipment with ____11____ assembled in the most efficient way. Success in the service economy is dependent on the human ____12____: picking the right staff members and motivating them correctly. Motivating people has an extra complexity. Widgets (零件) do not know when they are being manipulated. Workers make connections with their colleagues, for social or work reasons, which the management might not have ____13____. Marissa King is professor of organizational behavior at the Yale School of Management, where she tries to make sense of these networks. She ____14____ a classification in her new book, Social Chemistry: Decoding the Elements of Human Connection. According to her, the term “networking” has developed ____15____ connotations, suggesting the kind of person who sucks up to senior staff and ignores colleagues who are unlikely to help them win promotion. Ms King ____16____ a study which found that two‑thirds of newly promoted professionals were uncertain about, or completely ____17____ to, thinking strategically about their social relationships. From the point of view of productivity, the most important networks are those ____18____ by employees from different parts of the company. Diverse viewpoints should lead to greater creativity. They are good for workers, too. A study found that catching up with colleagues in different departments was linked to salary growth and employee satisfaction. Ms King says that people tend to construct three types of network. “Expansionists” have a wide set of contacts but their relationships tend to be shallow. “Conveners” have a small number of relationships, but these are more intense. “Brokers” ____19____ people from different network types. Old‑fashioned concepts like courtesy can also help, Ms King argues. Simple ____20____ — a smile, a thank‑you — make colleagues more likeable and increase co‑operation. In contrast, studies of workers who experience incivility find that their effort, time spent at work and commitment to the job all reduce. III. Reading Comprehension (45 分) Section A (15 分) Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. What is the best way to catch someone who is telling a lie? For a long time, the traditional method of ____21____ liars was to watch their body language, including facial expressions. What if the person ____22____ to be nervous? Is the person unable to look me in the eye? Is he or she looking around the room? What about other nervous ____23____, such as fidgeting or shifting from side to side? Many people — from parents to police officers and airport security personnel — depend on this method. But does a person’s body and face ____24____ the truth? Not according to a new study. Can you catch a liar? Talking, it seems, is the best way to ____25____ out a liar. That is what researchers in the United Kingdom found out recently. Their ____26____ took place at one place where lying can get you into big trouble — an airport. The researchers asked volunteers to pretend they were real passengers and then lie to airport security agents. Some ____27____ conversation‑based methods to question these make‑believe passengers. Others depended instead on the person’s body language, like lack of eye contact and ____28____ signs of nervousness. The agents talking with the passengers were 20 times more likely to catch the liars. The study has found that these conversation‑based techniques can help you ____29____ when a person is lying to you. Like many methods, this conversation method has a name. It is called Controlled Cognitive Engagement or CCE, for short. The British government partly ____30____ this study. The American Psychological Association published the findings. Body language cannot be trusted. Using body language and facial expressions to catch someone in a lie is really hard. And it only works, ____31____, by chance. Thomas Ormerod is the head of the School of Psychology at the University of Sussex in England. On the APA website, he reported that the “suspicious‑signs method” — or using body language — “almost completely ____32____” in finding lies. In the conversational CCE method, security agents just talk with passengers. They ask about informal things as you would in a(n) ____33____ conversation. While talking, the agents might ask questions about topics that are apparently ____34____. Then the agent observes if the person becomes more ____35____. They also observe whether their way of speaking changes. 21. A. calculating B. hunting C. identifying D. describing 22. A. appears B. pretends C. decides D. attempts 23. A. movement B. disorder C. impression D. explanation 24. A. hide B. disclose C. acknowledge D. accept 25. A. work B. put C. come D. pick 26. A. system B. programme C. investigation D. process 27. A. improved B. adopted C. inquired D. recommended 28. A. carrying B. attaching C. avoiding D. displaying 29. A. catch B. recognize C. guess D. explain 30. A. motivated B. released C. financed D. reviewed 31. A. totally B. seemingly C. heavily D. especially 32. A. fails B. works C. succeeds D. disappears 33. A. normal B. similar C. essential D. familiar 34. A. related B. shared C. unimagined D. unrelated 35. A. unpredicted B. unprecedented C. unsolved D. uninformed Section B (22 分) Directions: Read the following passage. Each passage is followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) In winter, Harnmerfest is a thirty-hour ride by bus from Oslo, though why anyone would want to go there in winter is a question worth considering. It is on the edge of the world, the northernmost town in Europe, as far from London as London is from Tunis, a place of dark and fierce winters, where the sun sinks into the Arctic Ocean in November and does not rise again for ten weeks. I wanted to see the Northern Lights. But now as I picked my way through Osto in late December, I was beginning to have my doubts. Things had not started well. I had overslept at the hotel, missing breakfast, and had to leap into my clothes. I couldn’t find a taxi and had to drag my overweight bag eight blocks to the central bus station. I had had huge difficulty persuading the staff at the Kreditkassen Bank on Karl Johans Gate to cash sufficient traveler’s cheques to pay the 1,200-kroner bus fare — they simply could not be made to grasp that the William McGuire Bryson on my passport and the Bill Brvson on my traveler’s cheques were both me — and now here I was arriving at the station two minutes before departure, and the girl at the ticket counter was telling me that she had no record of my reservation. “This isn’t happening,” I said. “I’m still at home in England enjoying Christmas.” Actually, I said, “There must be some mistake. Please look again.” The girl studied the passenger list. “No, Mr. Bryson, your name is not here.” But I could see it, even upside-down. “There it is, second from the bottom.” “No,” the girl decided, “that says Bernt Bjornson. That’s a Norwegian name.” “It doesn’t say Bernt Bjornson. It says Bill Bryson. Look at they, the two l’s. Miss, please,” But she wouldn’t have it. “If I miss this bus, when does the next one go?” “Next week at the same time.” Oh, splendid. “Miss, believe me, it says Bill Bryson.” “No, it doesn’t.” “Miss, look, I’ve come from England. I’m carrying some medicine that could save a child’s life.” She didn’t buy this. “I want to see the manager.” “He’s in Stavanger.” “Listen, I made a reservation by telephone. If I don’t get on this bus, I’m going to write a letter to your manager that will cast a shadow over your career prospects for the rest of this century.” This clearly did not alarm her. Then it occurred to me. “If this Bernt Bjornson doesn’t show up, can I have this seat?” “Sure.” Why don’t I think of these things in the first place? “Thank you,” I said. 36. What can be learned from the passage about Hammerfest? A. It is located in the South of the city of Oslo. B. It is where the Northern Lights can be seen. C. It is known as a town without sufficient power supply. D. It remains in the darkness from November till next March. 37. The writer got to the station just two minutes before the train departed because he spent much time ________. A. cashing his traveler’s cheques B. packing everything into his luggage C. waiting for a taxi to send him there D. choosing suitable clothes to wear 38. By “Oh, splendid”, the writer meant that he actually felt ________. A. puzzled B. amazed C. worried D. relieved 39. Why did the writer say he was carrying some medicine and he would write to the manager? A. To tell the girl what he really wanted to do. B. To show the girl how angry he was with her. C. To warn the girl of the potential consequences. D. To persuade the girl to allow him onto the bus. (B) Thank You for Shopping with Us Changed your mind? If you bought your product in one of our stores and have now changed your mind, we will exchange or refund it within seven days of purchase. This does not apply if the item was specially ordered for you or was a fully guaranteed product. The product must be: Unopened (with any seal undamaged) Unused Returned complete with any free gifts you received with the product Contact your local store with your receipt details to arrange your refund or exchange. Your Guarantee The following are our general guidelines.We treat each case on its individual circumstances. We will always offer you the choice of an exchange or refund if your product develops a fault within 28 days of delivery. 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Our Price Promise also applies for up to 7 days after you make your purchase with us; just bring your receipt to claim your refund. This Price Promise does not apply to clearance or ex-display products, special orders, closing-down sales, members only, extended warranty prices, Internet or telephone order line purchases. 40. If a customer doesn't like the product he or she bought, he or she can have it exchanged or refunded if_________ A. it has been exchanged before B. it has been opened but unused C. it was specially ordered for him or her D. it was bought no more than a week ago 41. Suppose that Robert finds the DVD player delivered to him two months ago has developed a fault, he can_________ A. have it repaired without paying any money B. get a new DVD player of the same brand C. call the helpline to ask for an exchange D. get it refunded but keep the free gifts 42. If Mary bought a DVD player in the shop for $69.99 and one day later found one in another shop one mile away at $65.99, then how much refund could she get? A. $6.99 B. $6.59 C. $4.40 D. $4.00 (C) Scientific evidence suggests that humans have a biological desire to help others, including strangers. Altruistic behaviour towards strangers is uniquely human and observed at a very young age. Dr. Felix Warneken and Dr. Michael Tomasello of Germany’s Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology have shown that children as young as 18 months want to help strangers. When their 18‑month‑old subjects saw a stranger throw a pencil on the floor, most of them picked it up. “The results were astonishing because these children are so young,” says Dr. Warneken. Because altruistic behaviour appears in children so young, Dr. Warneken and other scientists hypothesize that the human brain is designed to be altruistic. By using brain scans, neuroscientists are making new discoveries about the biology of the human brain. The recent discovery of mirror neurons leads to scientists’ belief that the brain can influence altruistic behavior. Mirror neurons are ordinary brain cells located throughout the brain. They “light up” when a person is performing an action or observing someone else doing a similar action. Mirror neurons make us cry when we see someone else cry or smile when someone smiles at us. Our mirror neurons actually feel what they feel. They cry and smile along with them. How, then, can mirror neurons bring about altruistic behavior? By helping us feel what others feel, mirror neurons naturally make us feel compassionate. They allow us to put ourselves in someone else’s situation; without them, we would not understand or care about other people’s emotions. Would we help hurricane victims? Give money to the poor? Save lives? Probably not, says Marco Iacoboni, a leading neuroscientist: “We are good because our biology drives us to be good.” In other words, mirror neurons seem to prepare us to be altruistic. Neuroeconomist Bill Harbaugh and his team at the University of Oregon study the biology of altruism. They look specifically at neuroeconomics, or the connection between the brain and economic decisions. In one of their experiments, the researchers tried seeing if people’s donations to charity were affected by neurons. They found out when most people donated money, their pleasure centers lit up on the brain scan. Why would our brains be biologically prepared to help others? What benefit does it have for each of us and for human beings as a whole? One popular scientific theory suggests that being natural helpers improves our chances of survival. Humans are social creatures, dependent on family, friends, governments, and strangers. Babies need food to feed them. Larger social groups also rely on our help, such as when we pay taxes or donate money to charities. Without a “helping brain,” humans would have a much harder time trying to survive. The study of the biology of altruism still has a long way to go, however. Many questions have grown out of these initial studies. For instance, if humans are born with a “helping” brain, why do we also have the ability to hurt others? Why are some of us more altruistic than others? How much control does the brain have on altruistic behavior? How much influence does society have? As technology advances, scientists hope to find answers to these questions and increase our understanding of ourselves. 43. The word “Altruistic” in the first paragraph probably means ________. A. Selfish B. Considerate C. Patient D. Responsible 44. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about mirror neurons? A. They light up when a person is doing something. B. They make us feel sympathetic towards others. C. They are different from ordinary brain cells. D. They make people identify with the others’ emotions. 45. According to the passage, neuroeconomics is ________. A. the study of how the brain makes decisions about money B. the study of how the brain controls donations to charity C. the study of how the brain’s pleasure center lights up D. the study of how the brain’s pleasure center controls people’s feelings 46. Why might people be born with a “helping brain”? A. Human babies need parents to feed them. B. It improves people’s chances of survival. C. People can’t live or work without help. D. Humans are social creatures dependent on others psychologically. Section C (8 分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Keeping Fit without Exercising Incorporating (合并) physical activity into our everyday lives is more likely to protect us from heart disease than buying a gym membership, according to the authors of a new global study. The study was published in the Lancet (《柳叶刀》) medical journal last September. It is the first to compare physical activity and heart disease levels in both wealthy and poor countries — the researchers compared 130,000 people in 17 countries, from Canada and Sweden, to Bangladesh and Zimbabwe. Thirty minutes of exercise per day for five days a week, which most guidelines recommend, does reduce heart disease. However, there appears to be no ceiling to the health benefits of taking exercise. ____47____ One to two hours a day is the ideal amount of physical activity, said lead author Professor Scott Lear of Canada’s Simon Fraser University. ____48____ Most people think they cannot incorporate that much physical activity into their lives, said Professor Lear. “They will think ‘I’m stressed out after a day’s tiring work. Exercising for two hours? That’s totally out of the question!’” he added. But most people who have the highest activity levels are those for whom exercising is part of their everyday working out. In contrast, almost 40 percent of highly active participants benefited from an active lifestyle. “By including low‑and‑middle‑income countries in this study, we were able to determine the benefits of activities such as active commuting, having a physically‑active job or even doing housework,” said Professor Lear. ____49____ “Going to the gym is great, but we only have so much time we can spend there. If we can walk to work or school, or take a walk at lunchtime, that will help, too,” they said. “In an age where we’re living increasingly busy but often sedentary (久坐的) lives, weaving physical activity into our daily lives has never been more important,” Professor Lear continued. “____50____.” He also suggests we take the stairs rather than the elevator. Another good idea is to increase the walk by getting off the metro or bus one stop early. A. Increased physical activity could have an even greater beneficial impact in lower income countries, owing to its low cost. B. The researchers wrote that vacuuming and mopping the floor are both enough to protect our heart, and it was not necessary to run, swim or work out in the gym. C. In developing countries, many people still have physically tiring jobs, but as they become more economically prosperous, their activity levels fall. D. It is thought that almost a quarter of the world’s population are not meeting physical activity guidelines. E. The more physically active people are, the lower their risk of heart disease is. F. Sitting still for hours is not good for the physical body; getting up every 40 to 50 minutes for a walk around is beneficial. 第二卷 IV. Productive Grammar (10 分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Choosing co‑investors — Friends without benefits Venture capitalists need to be ruthless about their relationships. Even in a world of algorithmic trading and automated credit scoring, good financial decisions still depend on judgment. Choosing ____51____ to invest alongside is particularly important in the uncertain world of venture capital, ____52____ many deals are syndicated, in order to share risk and information. Investors clearly prefer partners with whom they have something in common. People who have worked at the same company are over 60% more likely to co‑invest than those who have not. Investors who belong to the same ethnic minority, ____53____ studied at the same university, are around 20% more likely to pair up. The bias towards co‑investors on measures of ability is weaker: investors ____54____ degrees from the best universities are just 9% more likely to get together. Rapport (和睦关系) is a poor basis for selecting partners. The authors examine investors’ record at exiting investments through an initial public offering (IPO). An IPO is the holy grail (圣杯，最高追求) for many start‑ups, ____55____ the odds of success are 22% lower if a co‑investing pair are alumni of the same university, and 18% lower if they share a past employer. By ____56____ ethnicity has no effect on investment success. In a pair, it is a different story. Co‑investors from the same ethnic minority are 25% ____57____ (likely) to bring a portfolio company to an IPO (and the odds are still lower if the partners are East Asian). The data suggest that the poorer results of similar investors stem less from selecting bad companies, more from bad decisions taken together after the initial investment. It may be that a diversity of views helps investors to make better calls. Partnerships based on ability, not similarity, tend to do better. If one investor of a pair has a degree from a leading university, this adds 9% to the possibility of their selected firms ____58____ (reach) an IPO; if the second does too, that adds a further 11%. Of course, such investors still have to find each other. Research led by Alexander Ljungqvist of New York University’s Stern School of Business ____59____ (show) that Venture Capitalists’ firms in influential network positions perform better, as they have more opportunities to take part in syndications (企业联合组织). The moral seems to be ____60____ investors should make friends easily, but not invest for friendship’s sake alone. V. Summary Writing (10 分) 61. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. The Unexpected Power of Random Acts of Kindness In late August, Erin Alexander, 57, sat in the parking lot of a Target store and wept. She was having a hard day. A barista(咖啡师) working at the Starbucks inside the Target was too. The espresso machine had broken down and she was clearly stressed. Ms. Alexander — who’d stopped crying and gone inside for some caffeine — smiled, ordered an iced green tea, and told her to hang in there. After picking up her order, she noticed a message on the cup: “Erin,” the barista had written next to a heart, “your soul is golden.” The warmth of that small and unexpected gesture, from a stranger who had no idea of what she was going through, moved Erin deeply. New findings, published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology in August, corroborate just how powerful experiences like Ms. Alexander’s can be. The notion that kindness can boost well-being is hardly new. Studies have shown that prosocial behavior — basically, voluntarily helping others — can help lower people’s daily stress levels, and that simple acts of connection, like texting a friend, mean more than many of us realize. But researchers have also found that people who perform a random act of kindness tend to underestimate how much the recipient will appreciate it. And they believe that miscalculation could hold many of us back from doing nice things for others more often. Stress can also keep people from being kind to others, Dr. Cousineau said, as can the “little judgy voice” in people’s heads that causes them to question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted, or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back. “When the kindness urge arises,” she said, “we totally overthink it.” Researchers who study kindness and friendship say they hope the new findings strengthen the scientific case for making these types of gestures more often. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ VI. Translation (3+3+4+5=15 分) 62. 当提到要帮助人们渡过困境时，他毫不犹豫地自愿捐出了他的全部积蓄。(help) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 63. 孩子们收到了杜克大学捐赠的大约2000册名著之后，感激之情难以言表。(estimate) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 64. 这批志愿者没有料到，他们的小小善举会在网上引发热议，成为了小镇的一桩惊天动地的事。(gesture) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 65. 第九次抱着一大摞书站在队伍中时，他不再感到烦躁，欣赏起了墙边醒目地挺立着的一片常春藤叶。(against) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ VII. Guided Writing (25 分) 66. Directions: Write an English composition in 120‑150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 请认真观察这幅图片，然后结合自己的生活实际谈谈你对该现象的思考。 你的作文中必须包括： 1、简述图片内容； 2、谈谈你的看法。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦附中高二上月考二 英语 （考试时间 120 分钟，满分 150 分） 2025.12 I. Listening Comprehension (25 分) Section A (10%) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. 6:15. B. 7:15. C. 7:50. D. 6:50. 2. A. To leave it alone. B. To learn it by heart. C. To read it once more. D. To talk about it. 3.A. He missed it. B. He watched it. C. He disliked it. D. He would see it again. 4. A. She bought the wrong book. B. She asked for a new textbook. C. She lost her money. D. She bought the last edition of the book. 5. A. Cousins. B. Classmates. C. Colleagues. D. Twins. 6. A. A holiday. B. Luck. C. Work. D. Health condition. 7.A. In a flower shop. B. In a supermarket. C. In a restaurant. D. In a post office. 8.A. Manager. B. Doctor. C. Waiter. D. Teacher. 9.A. The woman isn’t satisfied with her body shape. B. The woman is pregnant. C. A new family member will move in to live with the couple. D. The woman is trying to lose weight. 10.A. The woman enjoyed the movie very much. B. The woman didn’t sleep well last night because of the movie. C. The man asked the woman to be careful at night. D. The man invited the woman to go to the theatre together. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and two longer conversations, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversations. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Because Japanese people are over‑stressed from work. B. Because Japan has the most crowded roads in the world. C. Because Japanese automakers possess highly advanced technology. D. Because Japan has first‑class showrooms in the world. 12. A. It can see the road through a tiny camera on the windshield. B. A computer can pick out lines on the highway surface. C. The system can help to steer the car throughout the whole trip. D. A computer directs the car to drive in the right direction. 13. A. The harm of tiredness in driving. B. The leading cause of road accidents. C. The use of laser radar in a safer ride. D. The design of intelligent cars in Japan. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. They result in more sports events. B. They get more viewers to play sports. C. They make more people interested in television. D. They bring more money to the television networks. 15. A. Because their advertisers are car makers. B. Because their viewers are attracted by sports. C. Because their advertisers target rich people. D. Because their viewers can afford expensive cars. 16. A. Television ratings are determined by male viewers. B. Rich viewers contribute most to television companies. C. Sports are gaining importance in advertising on television. D. Commercial advertisers are the major sponsors of sports events. Questions 17 through 18 are based on the following conversation. 17.A. Because the bill price was too high. B. Because the rates have gone up. C. Because he forgot where he had called last month. D. Because they gave him the wrong country code. 18. A. The man. B. The man’s wife. C. The man’s cousin. D. The wife’s cousin. Questions 19 and 20 are based on the following conversation. 19. A. The woman was out shopping and couldn’t stop the fire in time. B. A firecracker flew into the yard. C. The firecracker set the supermarket on fire. D. The firecracker set the grass on fire. 20. A. She went on vacation as scheduled. B. She changed her flight. C. She canceled her journey. D. She argued with the insurance company about compensation for the loss. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20 分) Section A (1*10=10) Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. The casualty list at least ________ the extent of the disaster, if it is not a cover-up for the real death toll. A. underestimates B. understates C. undercharges D. underachieves 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：伤亡名单即便不是对真实死亡人数的掩饰，至少也淡化了这场灾难的严重程度。A. underestimates低估；B. understates轻描淡写，淡化；C. undercharges少收费；D. underachieves未充分发挥能力，未达到预期。根据下文“if it is not a cover-up for the real death toll”可知，此处表示伤亡名单在报告时没有如实反映出灾难的严重性，即刻意弱化灾难的严重程度。 2. His next‑door neighbor whom he had never talked to ________ the same company as the one he did, which he found out only by chance when they coincidentally joined the same WeChat group for a local community event. A. turned out that he works for B. turning out to work for C. seemed to work for D. seemed that he worked for 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：他从未说过话的隔壁邻居似乎和他为同一家公司工作，这是在他们偶然加入同一个本地社区活动微信群后，他才意外得知的。“His next-door neighbor”为主句主语，“whom he had never talked to”为定语从句修饰主语，空处应填入主句的谓语动词。此外，seem和turn out后接that引导的从句时，通常使用it作形式主语，即固定句型“It seems/seemed that...”或“It turns out/turned out that...”；若以具体的人或物作主语，则应使用“sb./sth. seems/seemed to do sth.”或“sb./sth. turns out/turned out to do sth.”，本句主语为His next-door neighbor，故谓语部分应使用seemed to work for。 3. She stared at the headmaster in stunned ________ as she unfolded the admission letter from the university she had been dreaming of. A. relief B. meditation C. mystery D. disbelief 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：当她拆开梦寐以求大学的录取通知书时，她惊愕地盯着校长，完全不敢相信。A. relief宽慰；B. meditation沉思；C. mystery神秘；D. disbelief怀疑，不信。根据句中“stunned”以及“the admission letter from the university she had been dreaming of”可知，收到梦寐以求的录取通知，她内心满是难以置信。 4. Fast fashion critics argue that cheaply made clothes ________ quickly, ending up in landfills, while public interest in sustainability trends might ________ if governments fail to enforce stricter recycling policies. A. wear out; wear off B. tear apart; fade away C. break down; die out D. use up; run out 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：快时尚的批评者认为做工廉价的衣服很快就会磨损损坏，最终被丢弃到垃圾填埋场；而如果政府不执行更严格的回收政策，公众对可持续发展潮流的兴趣可能会逐渐消退。A. wear out磨损，用坏；wear off逐渐消退；B. tear apart撕碎；fade away逐渐消失；C. break down出故障；die out灭绝；D. use up用完；run out耗尽。根据第一空主语“cheaply made clothes”可知，廉价衣物容易磨损；第二空修饰“public interest”，表示兴趣慢慢减退。 5. In late 2013, a formidable disease, later named Ebola virus disease (EVD), ________ West Africa and ________ many people. A. visited; transmitted B. hit; contracted C. swept across; touched D. spread; infected 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：2013年末，一种后来被命名为埃博拉病毒病的可怕疾病席卷西非，并感染了许多人。A. visited造访；transmitted传播；B. hit袭击；contracted感染（主语是人）；C. swept across席卷；touched触动；D. spread蔓延；infected使感染。根据第一空后的West Africa可知，第一空表示病毒在西非传播，用hit/sweep across/spread。根据第二空后的many people可知，第二空表示疾病感染了许多人，infect的主语通常是疾病或病毒，宾语是人，符合语境；而transmit和contract表示“感染，传染”时，主语通常是人，宾语是疾病。 6. When the hiker finally reached the mountain peak, he was ________ for air, his face pale from exhaustion. A. sighing B. gasping C. breathing D. grasping 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：当徒步旅行者终于到达山顶时，他大口喘气，因为筋疲力尽而脸色苍白。A. sigh叹气；B. gasp喘气；C. breathe呼吸；D. grasp抓住。gasp for air意为“大口喘气”，符合徒步者到达山顶后筋疲力尽的语境。 7. The group, composed of trusted experts, ________ the owner of the pet who sought urgent guidance that the mushrooms were not dangerous. A. consigned B. reassured C. convinced D. resolved 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：这个由受信任的专家组成的团队，使寻求紧急指导的宠物主人安心，告诉他这些蘑菇并不危险。A. consign委托； B. reassure使安心； C. convince使确信； D. resolve解决。根据题意，宠物主人寻求紧急指导说明其内心焦急，专家告知蘑菇不危险是为了打消其疑虑，使其安心。 8. The employee knew he was in the boss’s bad ________ after missing the deadline for the third time. A. books B. lists C. records D. notes 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：在第三次错过最后期限后，这名员工知道自己给老板留下了不好的印象。A. books书；B. lists列表；C. records记录；D. notes笔记。in one’s bad books为固定搭配，意为“不受某人欢迎，给某人留下坏印象”，符合三次错误期限给老板留下不好印象的语境。 9. ________ enter private property without permission. Any trespasser will have to face both civil and criminal consequences. A. On no circumstances should one B. On no occasion should one C. No matter the occasion is, one should not D. Whatever the circumstance is should one not 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：在任何情况下，人们都不应该未经允许进入私人领地。任何侵入者都将面临民事和刑事后果。表示“决不”的否定短语置于句首时，句子需要使用部分倒装语序，即将助动词或情态动词提至主语之前。常见的此类短语有under no circumstances, on no occasion, on no account等。选项B中的 on no occasion意为“决不”，置于句首且使用了正确的部分倒装结构（should one），符合语法规则。C选项中no matter不能作为连词，D选项中whatever引导句子不倒装。 10. The ________ flower struggled to survive the harsh winter, its delicate petals trembling in the frost-laden wind. A. fledgling B. resilient C. artificial D. withered 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：这株稚嫩的花艰难熬过严冬，娇嫩的花瓣在结霜的寒风中颤抖。A. fledgling初长成的、稚嫩的；B. resilient有韧性的；C. artificial人造的；D. withered枯萎的。根据后文“delicate petals”可知，空处指代尚未完全成熟的幼嫩植株。 Section B（10分） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. unfortunate B. anticipated C. construct D. components E. gestures F. attempts G. link H. element I. cites J. formed K. resistant The modern economy depends on how well people connect with others Success in manufacturing depends on physical things: creating the best product using the best equipment with ____11____ assembled in the most efficient way. Success in the service economy is dependent on the human ____12____: picking the right staff members and motivating them correctly. Motivating people has an extra complexity. Widgets (零件) do not know when they are being manipulated. Workers make connections with their colleagues, for social or work reasons, which the management might not have ____13____. Marissa King is professor of organizational behavior at the Yale School of Management, where she tries to make sense of these networks. She ____14____ a classification in her new book, Social Chemistry: Decoding the Elements of Human Connection. According to her, the term “networking” has developed ____15____ connotations, suggesting the kind of person who sucks up to senior staff and ignores colleagues who are unlikely to help them win promotion. Ms King ____16____ a study which found that two‑thirds of newly promoted professionals were uncertain about, or completely ____17____ to, thinking strategically about their social relationships. From the point of view of productivity, the most important networks are those ____18____ by employees from different parts of the company. Diverse viewpoints should lead to greater creativity. They are good for workers, too. A study found that catching up with colleagues in different departments was linked to salary growth and employee satisfaction. Ms King says that people tend to construct three types of network. “Expansionists” have a wide set of contacts but their relationships tend to be shallow. “Conveners” have a small number of relationships, but these are more intense. “Brokers” ____19____ people from different network types. Old‑fashioned concepts like courtesy can also help, Ms King argues. Simple ____20____ — a smile, a thank‑you — make colleagues more likeable and increase co‑operation. In contrast, studies of workers who experience incivility find that their effort, time spent at work and commitment to the job all reduce. 【答案】11. D 12. H 13. B 14. F 15. A 16. I 17. K 18. J 19. G 20. E 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了耶鲁大学管理学院教授Marissa King关于职场社交网络的研究，指出服务型经济中人的要素至关重要，分析了社交一词的负面含义、三种社交网络类型（扩张者、召集者、中间人）以及简单礼貌行为对职场合作的积极影响。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：制造业的成功取决于物质要素：用最好的设备创造最好的产品，零部件以最高效的方式组装。所填词位于介词with之后作宾语，应用名词；assembled in the most efficient way是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰所填词，结合空后的“assembled”可知，名词components“零部件”符合。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：服务型经济的成功取决于人的要素：挑选合适的员工并正确激励他们。human作定语修饰所填词，应用名词；根据冒号后的“picking the right staff members and motivating them correctly”可知，此处指人的要素，名词element“要素”符合。 【13题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：员工出于社交或工作原因与同事建立联系，这可能是管理层没有预料到的。所填词位于might not have之后，“情态动词+（not）+have+过去分词”是固定结构，应填动词过去分词；根据“Workers make connections with their colleagues”可知，这是管理层没有预料到的情况，过去分词anticipated“预料、预期”符合。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：Marissa King是耶鲁大学管理学院组织行为学教授，她试图理解这些社交网络，在新书《社交化学：解读人际关系的要素》中尝试进行分类。所填词位于主语She之后作谓语，应用动词；本句陈述事实，要用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数代词，谓语用第三人称单数形式；根据“in her new book”和“a classification”可知，她在书中尝试进行分类，动词attempts是“试图”符合。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在她看来，“社交”这个词已经形成了负面含义，让人联想到那种巴结上级、无视不太可能帮助自己晋升的同事的人。所填词作定语修饰名词connotations，应用形容词；根据“the kind of person who sucks up to senior staff and ignores colleagues”可知，这种含义是负面的，形容词unfortunate“不幸的、负面的”符合。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：金女士引用了一项研究，该研究发现三分之二新晋升的专业人士对战略性地思考社交关系感到不确定，或完全抵制。所填词位于主语Ms King之后作谓语，要用动词；本句陈述客观事实，要用一般现在时，主语是单个人名，谓语用第三人称单数形式；根据“a study which found that two‑thirds of newly promoted professionals”可知，金女士是在引用这项研究作为论据，动词cites“引用”符合。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：金女士引用了一项研究，该研究发现三分之二新晋升的专业人士对战略性地思考社交关系感到不确定，或完全抵制。所填词位于副词completely之后、介词to之前，要用形容词，与前面的uncertain about构成并列结构；根据“were uncertain about, or completely”可知，此处指不理解或抵制，形容词resistant“抵制的、抗拒的”符合，可构成resistant to搭配，表示“抵制……”。 【18题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：从生产力的角度来看，最重要的网络是由公司不同部门的员工形成的网络，不同的观点应该带来更大的创造力。______ by employees from different parts of the company作后置定语修饰代词those，those指代networks，它们是逻辑上的动宾关系，要用过去分词；根据“by employees”可知，网络是由员工形成的，动词formed“形成”符合。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：金女士说人们往往会构建三种类型的社交网络：“扩张者”拥有广泛的人脉但关系较浅，“召集者”关系较少但更深入，“中间人”连接来自不同网络类型的人。本句陈述客观事实，所填词位于主语Brokers之后作谓语；主语为复数形式，谓语用动词原形；根据“people from different network types”可知，中间人的作用是连接不同的人，动词link“连接”符合。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：金女士认为，礼貌等老式观念也有帮助，简单的举动——一个微笑，一句谢谢——让同事更受欢迎，增加合作；相反，对经历过不文明行为的员工的研究发现，他们的努力、工作时间和对工作的投入都减少了。Simple _______作主语，谓语make为动词原形，应用复数名词作主语；根据破折号后的“a smile, a thank‑you”可知，这些都是简单的表示或姿态，名词gestures“举动”符合。 III. Reading Comprehension (45 分) Section A (15 分) Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. What is the best way to catch someone who is telling a lie? For a long time, the traditional method of ____21____ liars was to watch their body language, including facial expressions. What if the person ____22____ to be nervous? Is the person unable to look me in the eye? Is he or she looking around the room? What about other nervous ____23____, such as fidgeting or shifting from side to side? Many people — from parents to police officers and airport security personnel — depend on this method. But does a person’s body and face ____24____ the truth? Not according to a new study. Can you catch a liar? Talking, it seems, is the best way to ____25____ out a liar. That is what researchers in the United Kingdom found out recently. Their ____26____ took place at one place where lying can get you into big trouble — an airport. The researchers asked volunteers to pretend they were real passengers and then lie to airport security agents. Some ____27____ conversation‑based methods to question these make‑believe passengers. Others depended instead on the person’s body language, like lack of eye contact and ____28____ signs of nervousness. The agents talking with the passengers were 20 times more likely to catch the liars. The study has found that these conversation‑based techniques can help you ____29____ when a person is lying to you. Like many methods, this conversation method has a name. It is called Controlled Cognitive Engagement or CCE, for short. The British government partly ____30____ this study. The American Psychological Association published the findings. Body language cannot be trusted. Using body language and facial expressions to catch someone in a lie is really hard. And it only works, ____31____, by chance. Thomas Ormerod is the head of the School of Psychology at the University of Sussex in England. On the APA website, he reported that the “suspicious‑signs method” — or using body language — “almost completely ____32____” in finding lies. In the conversational CCE method, security agents just talk with passengers. They ask about informal things as you would in a(n) ____33____ conversation. While talking, the agents might ask questions about topics that are apparently ____34____. Then the agent observes if the person becomes more ____35____. They also observe whether their way of speaking changes. 21. A. calculating B. hunting C. identifying D. describing 22. A. appears B. pretends C. decides D. attempts 23. A. movement B. disorder C. impression D. explanation 24. A. hide B. disclose C. acknowledge D. accept 25. A. work B. put C. come D. pick 26. A. system B. programme C. investigation D. process 27. A. improved B. adopted C. inquired D. recommended 28. A. carrying B. attaching C. avoiding D. displaying 29. A. catch B. recognize C. guess D. explain 30. A. motivated B. released C. financed D. reviewed 31. A. totally B. seemingly C. heavily D. especially 32. A. fails B. works C. succeeds D. disappears 33. A. normal B. similar C. essential D. familiar 34. A. related B. shared C. unimagined D. unrelated 35. A. unpredicted B. unprecedented C. unsolved D. uninformed 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. A 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了一项关于“如何识别说谎者”的科学研究。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：很长一段时间以来，识别说谎者的传统方法是观察他们的肢体语言，包括面部表情。A. calculating计算；B. hunting狩猎；C. identifying识别；D. describing描述。根据下文的“watch their body language, including facial expressions”可知，这里指“识别”说谎者的方法。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果这个人看起来很紧张呢？A. appears看起来；B. pretends假装；C. decides决定；D. attempts尝试。根据下文“Is the person unable to look me in the eye? Is he or she looking around the room?”可知，这些都是从外表上观察到的表现，所以这里指这个人“看起来”很紧张。 【23题详解】 考查名词。句意：其他的紧张动作呢，比如坐立不安或左右摇晃？A. movement动作；B. disorder紊乱；C. impression印象；D. explanation解释。根据下文“such as fidgeting or shifting from side to side”可知，这里指紧张的“动作”。 【24题详解】 考查动词。句意：但是一个人的身体和面部会透露真相吗？A. hide隐藏；B. disclose透露；C. acknowledge承认；D. accept接受。根据上文的“a person’s body and face”和下文的“the truth”并结合下文的实验可知，这里指“透露”真相。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：说话似乎是识破说谎者的最佳方式。A. work (out)解决；B. put (out)扑灭；C. come (out)出现；D. pick (out)识破。根据上文的“Talking”和下文的“a liar”并结合倒数第二段“ Using body language and facial expressions to catch someone in a lie is really hard.”可知，此处指通过谈话来把说谎者“辨认出来”。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：他们的调查是在一个说谎会让你陷入大麻烦的地方——机场进行的。A. system系统；B. programme项目；C. investigation调查；D. process过程。根据上文“That is what researchers in the United Kingdom found out recently.”可知，他们进行了“调查”。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：一些人采用基于对话的方法来询问这些假扮的乘客。A. improved改进；B. adopted采用；C. inquired询问；D. recommended推荐。根据后文“Others depended instead on the person's body language”可知，前后对比两种方法，此处指“采用”了谈话法。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：其他人则依赖于人的肢体语言，比如缺乏眼神交流和表现出紧张的迹象。 A. carrying携带；B. attaching附加；C. avoiding避免；D. displaying表现出。根据上文的“lack of eye contact”可知，此处指“表现出”紧张的迹象。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：研究发现，这些基于对话的技巧可以帮助你识别别人什么时候在对你撒谎。A. catch抓住；B. recognize识别；C. guess猜测；D. explain解释。根据前文“Talking, it seems, is the best way to ____ out a liar.”以及全文主题可知，此处强调通过谈话技巧“识别”谎言。 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：英国政府为这项研究提供了部分资金。A. motivated激发；B. released发布；C. financed资助；D. reviewed审查。根据上文的“That is what researchers in the United Kingdom found out recently.”和下文的“The American Psychological Association published the findings.”可知，此处说明研究的资金来源。 【31题详解】 考查副词。句意：而且它似乎只是偶然奏效。A. totally完全地；B. seemingly似乎；C. heavily严重地；D. especially特别地。根据上文“Using body language and facial expressions to catch someone in a lie is really hard.”可知，用肢体语言抓谎言只是碰巧有效。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意：在APA网站上，他报告说，“可疑迹象法”——或者说使用肢体语言——在发现谎言方面“几乎完全失败”。A. fails失败；B. works起作用；C. succeeds成功；D. disappears消失。根据上文的“Using body language and facial expressions to catch someone in a lie is really hard.”可知，这种方法几乎完全“失败”。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们会像在正常对话中一样询问一些非正式的事情。A. normal正常的；B. similar相似的；C. essential必要的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据前文“informal things”可知，安检人员以轻松自然的方式提问，让对话看起来像日常正常交流。 【34题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在谈话过程中，安检人员可能会询问一些显然不相关的话题。A. related相关的；B. shared共享的；C. unimagined无法想象的；D. unrelated不相关的。根据CCE方法的策略可知，安检人员故意问看似不相关的话题来观察对方反应。 【35题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然后安检人员观察这个人是否变得更加不可预测。A. unpredicted未被预料到的；B. unprecedented前所未有的；C. unsolved未解决的；D. uninformed不知情的。根据后文“They also observe whether their way of speaking changes.”可知，安检人员关注的是对方在回答不相关问题时是否出现异常、不可预测的反应。 Section B (22 分) Directions: Read the following passage. Each passage is followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) In winter, Harnmerfest is a thirty-hour ride by bus from Oslo, though why anyone would want to go there in winter is a question worth considering. It is on the edge of the world, the northernmost town in Europe, as far from London as London is from Tunis, a place of dark and fierce winters, where the sun sinks into the Arctic Ocean in November and does not rise again for ten weeks. I wanted to see the Northern Lights. But now as I picked my way through Osto in late December, I was beginning to have my doubts. Things had not started well. I had overslept at the hotel, missing breakfast, and had to leap into my clothes. I couldn’t find a taxi and had to drag my overweight bag eight blocks to the central bus station. I had had huge difficulty persuading the staff at the Kreditkassen Bank on Karl Johans Gate to cash sufficient traveler’s cheques to pay the 1,200-kroner bus fare — they simply could not be made to grasp that the William McGuire Bryson on my passport and the Bill Brvson on my traveler’s cheques were both me — and now here I was arriving at the station two minutes before departure, and the girl at the ticket counter was telling me that she had no record of my reservation. “This isn’t happening,” I said. “I’m still at home in England enjoying Christmas.” Actually, I said, “There must be some mistake. Please look again.” The girl studied the passenger list. “No, Mr. Bryson, your name is not here.” But I could see it, even upside-down. “There it is, second from the bottom.” “No,” the girl decided, “that says Bernt Bjornson. That’s a Norwegian name.” “It doesn’t say Bernt Bjornson. It says Bill Bryson. Look at they, the two l’s. Miss, please,” But she wouldn’t have it. “If I miss this bus, when does the next one go?” “Next week at the same time.” Oh, splendid. “Miss, believe me, it says Bill Bryson.” “No, it doesn’t.” “Miss, look, I’ve come from England. I’m carrying some medicine that could save a child’s life.” She didn’t buy this. “I want to see the manager.” “He’s in Stavanger.” “Listen, I made a reservation by telephone. If I don’t get on this bus, I’m going to write a letter to your manager that will cast a shadow over your career prospects for the rest of this century.” This clearly did not alarm her. Then it occurred to me. “If this Bernt Bjornson doesn’t show up, can I have this seat?” “Sure.” Why don’t I think of these things in the first place? “Thank you,” I said. 36. What can be learned from the passage about Hammerfest? A. It is located in the South of the city of Oslo. B. It is where the Northern Lights can be seen. C. It is known as a town without sufficient power supply. D. It remains in the darkness from November till next March. 37. The writer got to the station just two minutes before the train departed because he spent much time ________. A. cashing his traveler’s cheques B. packing everything into his luggage C. waiting for a taxi to send him there D. choosing suitable clothes to wear 38. By “Oh, splendid”, the writer meant that he actually felt ________. A. puzzled B. amazed C. worried D. relieved 39. Why did the writer say he was carrying some medicine and he would write to the manager? A. To tell the girl what he really wanted to do. B. To show the girl how angry he was with her. C. To warn the girl of the potential consequences. D. To persuade the girl to allow him onto the bus. 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. C 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者为了去Hammerfest看北极光，在出发前遇到的一系列波折，包括在银行兑换旅行支票的困难以及在车站差点错过巴士的经历。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is on the edge of the world, the northernmost town in Europe(它位于世界的边缘，是欧洲最北端的城镇)”和第二段中“I wanted to see the Northern Lights.(我想去看北极光)”可知，Hammerfest是欧洲最北端的城镇，是作者去看北极光的目的地。故选B项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“I had had huge difficulty persuading the staff at the Kreditkassen Bank on Karl Johans Gate to cash sufficient traveler’s cheques to pay the 1,200-kroner bus fare(我费了好大的劲才说服卡尔·约翰斯门的Kreditkassen银行的工作人员兑换足够的旅行支票来支付1200克朗的车费)”可知，作者花了很长时间兑换旅行支票，所以他在火车出发前两分钟才赶到车站。故选A项。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据上文“‘If I miss this bus, when does the next one go?’ ‘Next week at the same time.’ (“如果我错过这班车，下一班是什么时候?”“下周同一时间。”)以及下文“‘Miss, believe me, it says Bill Bryson.’ ‘No, it doesn’t.’”(“小姐，相信我，上面写的是Bill Bryson。”“不，不是。”)”可知，作者错过这班车就要等下周同一时间的下一班车，所以当得知下一班车的时间时，作者很无奈，觉得很糟糕，因此“Oh, splendid”实际上是作者表达担忧的情绪。故选C项。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第六段“‘Miss, look, I’ve come from England. I’m carrying some medicine that could save a child’s life.’ She didn’t buy this. ‘I want to see the manager.’ (“小姐，看，我从英国来。我带着一些能救孩子命的药。”她不相信。“我想见经理。”)”、倒数第五段“He’s in Stavanger. (他在斯塔万格) ”和倒数第四段中“Listen, I made a reservation by telephone. If I don’t get on this bus, I’m going to write a letter to your manager that will cast a shadow over your career prospects for the rest of this century. (听着，我是打电话预订的。如果我上不了这班车，我就给你经理写一封信，这封信会在这个世纪剩下的时间里给你的职业前景投下阴影)”可知，作者说带着能救孩子命的药以及要给经理写信都是为了说服售票员让他上车。故选D项。 (B) Thank You for Shopping with Us Changed your mind? If you bought your product in one of our stores and have now changed your mind, we will exchange or refund it within seven days of purchase. This does not apply if the item was specially ordered for you or was a fully guaranteed product. The product must be: Unopened (with any seal undamaged) Unused Returned complete with any free gifts you received with the product Contact your local store with your receipt details to arrange your refund or exchange. Your Guarantee The following are our general guidelines.We treat each case on its individual circumstances. We will always offer you the choice of an exchange or refund if your product develops a fault within 28 days of delivery. To receive a refund, the product must be in otherwise “as new” condition complete with all accessories (配件) and free gifts supplied with it. If possible, please return the product in its original packaging. If your product develops a fault within 12 months of purchase, we will offer a free repair service. To obtain a repair for your product, call the relevant helpline number on the back page of this leaflet. If your product is not listed, return it to your local store. This guarantee does not cover faults caused by accident, neglect, misuse or normal wear and tear. Faulty software, pre-recorded video tapes, DVDs, Mini-Discs and CDs will be exchanged for the same title or refunded. Our Price Promise In the unlikely event that you find a cheaper identical product or offer immediately available from another store with 10 miles of your local store,we will not only match their price but also give you an extra 10% of the difference. Our Price Promise also applies for up to 7 days after you make your purchase with us; just bring your receipt to claim your refund. This Price Promise does not apply to clearance or ex-display products, special orders, closing-down sales, members only, extended warranty prices, Internet or telephone order line purchases. 40. If a customer doesn't like the product he or she bought, he or she can have it exchanged or refunded if_________ A. it has been exchanged before B. it has been opened but unused C. it was specially ordered for him or her D. it was bought no more than a week ago 41. Suppose that Robert finds the DVD player delivered to him two months ago has developed a fault, he can_________ A. have it repaired without paying any money B. get a new DVD player of the same brand C. call the helpline to ask for an exchange D. get it refunded but keep the free gifts 42. If Mary bought a DVD player in the shop for $69.99 and one day later found one in another shop one mile away at $65.99, then how much refund could she get? A. $6.99 B. $6.59 C. $4.40 D. $4.00 【答案】40. D 41. A 42. C 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇应用文。介绍了某个店的售后服务。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“If you bought your product in one of our stores and have now changed your mind, we will exchange or refund it within seven days of purchase.（如果你在我们其中某个店买的产品，但是现在改变了想法，我们可以在你购买的7天内为你提供换货或者退款）”可知，如果顾客不喜欢买的东西，可以在一周之内选择退款或者换货，故选D。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Your Guarantee部分的第四段“If your product develops a fault within 12 months of purchase, we will offer a free repair service.（如果你的产品在购买期起，12个月之内有问题，我们将提供免费维修服务）”可知，如果Robert两个月前买的DVD机出问题了，可以免费维修，故选A。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“In the unlikely event that you find a cheaper identical product or offer immediately available from another store with 10 miles of your local store, we will not only match their price but also give you an extra 10% of the difference.（如果你在离你所买产品店10英里内的店发现了同款产品，但是更便宜，那么我们不仅给你补上差价，而且还赔偿你差价的10%）”可知，如果Mary以$69.99买一部DVD，但又在1英里内的另一家店发现了同款卖$65.99，那么他可以获得差价$4+差价的10%的赔偿，因此可获赔$4.40。故选C。 (C) Scientific evidence suggests that humans have a biological desire to help others, including strangers. Altruistic behaviour towards strangers is uniquely human and observed at a very young age. Dr. Felix Warneken and Dr. Michael Tomasello of Germany’s Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology have shown that children as young as 18 months want to help strangers. When their 18‑month‑old subjects saw a stranger throw a pencil on the floor, most of them picked it up. “The results were astonishing because these children are so young,” says Dr. Warneken. Because altruistic behaviour appears in children so young, Dr. Warneken and other scientists hypothesize that the human brain is designed to be altruistic. By using brain scans, neuroscientists are making new discoveries about the biology of the human brain. The recent discovery of mirror neurons leads to scientists’ belief that the brain can influence altruistic behavior. Mirror neurons are ordinary brain cells located throughout the brain. They “light up” when a person is performing an action or observing someone else doing a similar action. Mirror neurons make us cry when we see someone else cry or smile when someone smiles at us. Our mirror neurons actually feel what they feel. They cry and smile along with them. How, then, can mirror neurons bring about altruistic behavior? By helping us feel what others feel, mirror neurons naturally make us feel compassionate. They allow us to put ourselves in someone else’s situation; without them, we would not understand or care about other people’s emotions. Would we help hurricane victims? Give money to the poor? Save lives? Probably not, says Marco Iacoboni, a leading neuroscientist: “We are good because our biology drives us to be good.” In other words, mirror neurons seem to prepare us to be altruistic. Neuroeconomist Bill Harbaugh and his team at the University of Oregon study the biology of altruism. They look specifically at neuroeconomics, or the connection between the brain and economic decisions. In one of their experiments, the researchers tried seeing if people’s donations to charity were affected by neurons. They found out when most people donated money, their pleasure centers lit up on the brain scan. Why would our brains be biologically prepared to help others? What benefit does it have for each of us and for human beings as a whole? One popular scientific theory suggests that being natural helpers improves our chances of survival. Humans are social creatures, dependent on family, friends, governments, and strangers. Babies need food to feed them. Larger social groups also rely on our help, such as when we pay taxes or donate money to charities. Without a “helping brain,” humans would have a much harder time trying to survive. The study of the biology of altruism still has a long way to go, however. Many questions have grown out of these initial studies. For instance, if humans are born with a “helping” brain, why do we also have the ability to hurt others? Why are some of us more altruistic than others? How much control does the brain have on altruistic behavior? How much influence does society have? As technology advances, scientists hope to find answers to these questions and increase our understanding of ourselves. 43. The word “Altruistic” in the first paragraph probably means ________. A. Selfish B. Considerate C. Patient D. Responsible 44. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about mirror neurons? A. They light up when a person is doing something. B. They make us feel sympathetic towards others. C. They are different from ordinary brain cells. D. They make people identify with the others’ emotions. 45. According to the passage, neuroeconomics is ________. A. the study of how the brain makes decisions about money B. the study of how the brain controls donations to charity C. the study of how the brain’s pleasure center lights up D. the study of how the brain’s pleasure center controls people’s feelings 46. Why might people be born with a “helping brain”? A. Human babies need parents to feed them. B. It improves people’s chances of survival. C. People can’t live or work without help. D. Humans are social creatures dependent on others psychologically. 【答案】43. B 44. C 45. A 46. B 【解析】 【导语】本文围绕利他行为的生物学基础展开讨论，介绍了镜像神经元在共情与利他行为产生中的作用、神经经济学领域的相关实验，并探讨了人类进化出“帮助大脑”的生存意义，梳理了当前该领域的研究进展与待解决问题。 【43题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“humans have a biological desire to help others(人类拥有帮助他人的生理欲望)”可知，altruistic behavior指的是帮助他人、为他人考虑的行为，altruistic与considerate(体贴的、为他人考虑的)意思接近。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Mirror neurons are ordinary brain cells located throughout the brain. (镜像神经元是分布在大脑各处的普通脑细胞)”可知，镜像神经元本身就是普通脑细胞，因此C选项“它们不同于普通脑细胞”的表述错误。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They look specifically at neuroeconomics, or the connection between the brain and economic decisions.(他们专门研究神经经济学，或大脑与经济决策之间的联系)”可知，神经经济学的核心定义就是大脑与经济（金钱相关）决策的关系，即研究大脑如何做出关于金钱的决定。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“One popular scientific theory suggests that being natural helpers improves our chances of survival.(一个主流科学理论认为，天生具备助人特质的人能提高我们的生存概率)”可知，人类进化出“帮助大脑”的核心原因是提高生存概率。 Section C (8 分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Keeping Fit without Exercising Incorporating (合并) physical activity into our everyday lives is more likely to protect us from heart disease than buying a gym membership, according to the authors of a new global study. The study was published in the Lancet (《柳叶刀》) medical journal last September. It is the first to compare physical activity and heart disease levels in both wealthy and poor countries — the researchers compared 130,000 people in 17 countries, from Canada and Sweden, to Bangladesh and Zimbabwe. Thirty minutes of exercise per day for five days a week, which most guidelines recommend, does reduce heart disease. However, there appears to be no ceiling to the health benefits of taking exercise. ____47____ One to two hours a day is the ideal amount of physical activity, said lead author Professor Scott Lear of Canada’s Simon Fraser University. ____48____ Most people think they cannot incorporate that much physical activity into their lives, said Professor Lear. “They will think ‘I’m stressed out after a day’s tiring work. Exercising for two hours? That’s totally out of the question!’” he added. But most people who have the highest activity levels are those for whom exercising is part of their everyday working out. In contrast, almost 40 percent of highly active participants benefited from an active lifestyle. “By including low‑and‑middle‑income countries in this study, we were able to determine the benefits of activities such as active commuting, having a physically‑active job or even doing housework,” said Professor Lear. ____49____ “Going to the gym is great, but we only have so much time we can spend there. If we can walk to work or school, or take a walk at lunchtime, that will help, too,” they said. “In an age where we’re living increasingly busy but often sedentary (久坐的) lives, weaving physical activity into our daily lives has never been more important,” Professor Lear continued. “____50____.” He also suggests we take the stairs rather than the elevator. Another good idea is to increase the walk by getting off the metro or bus one stop early. A. Increased physical activity could have an even greater beneficial impact in lower income countries, owing to its low cost. B. The researchers wrote that vacuuming and mopping the floor are both enough to protect our heart, and it was not necessary to run, swim or work out in the gym. C. In developing countries, many people still have physically tiring jobs, but as they become more economically prosperous, their activity levels fall. D. It is thought that almost a quarter of the world’s population are not meeting physical activity guidelines. E. The more physically active people are, the lower their risk of heart disease is. F. Sitting still for hours is not good for the physical body; getting up every 40 to 50 minutes for a walk around is beneficial. 【答案】47. E 48. D 49. B 50. F 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍一项研究表明不必专门健身，把日常活动融入生活可护心脏，并给出多种简单可行的日常运动建议。 【47题详解】 由上文“Thirty minutes of exercise per day for five days a week, which most guidelines recommend, does reduce heart disease. However, there appears to be no ceiling to the health benefits of taking exercise.(大多数指南所推荐的、每周五天、每天三十分钟的运动，确实能够减少心脏病。然而，运动带来的健康益处似乎没有上限。)”可知，运动益处没有上限，空格处可阐释运动多少和心脏病风险的关系，E项“The more physically active people are, the lower their risk of heart disease is.(人们身体活动越多，患心脏病的风险就越低。)”承接上文“no ceiling”，引出后文理想活动时长。 【48题详解】 由下文“Most people think they cannot incorporate that much physical activity into their lives, said Professor Lear.(利尔教授说，大多数人认为他们无法把这么多身体活动融入生活。)”可知，空格处提出现实中人们达不到活动标准这一现象，D项“It is thought that almost a quarter of the world’s population are not meeting physical activity guidelines.(据认为，世界上近四分之一的人没有达到身体活动指导标准。)”引出下文人们对大量运动的畏难心理。 【49题详解】 由上文“By including low‑and‑middle‑income countries in this study, we were able to determine the benefits of activities such as active commuting, having a physically‑active job or even doing housework,(通过将中低收入国家纳入本研究，我们得以明确主动通勤、从事体力型工作，甚至做家务这类活动所带来的益处，)”以及后文“Going to the gym is great, but we only have so much time we can spend there.(去健身房固然很好，但我们能花在那里的时间有限。)”可知，空格处举例说明家务也可以保护心脏，不必专门去健身房锻炼，B项“The researchers wrote that vacuuming and mopping the floor are both enough to protect our heart, and it was not necessary to run, swim or work out in the gym.(研究人员写道，吸尘和拖地就足以保护我们的心脏，不必跑步、游泳或去健身房锻炼。)”呼应上文家务活动，衔接下文健身房的内容。 【50题详解】 由上文“In an age where we’re living increasingly busy but often sedentary (久坐的) lives, weaving physical activity into our daily lives has never been more important,(在这个我们生活愈发忙碌却常常久坐不动的时代，把体育活动融入日常生活，变得比以往任何时候都更为重要，)”以及后文“He also suggests we take the stairs rather than the elevator.(他还建议我们走楼梯而不坐电梯。)”可知，空格处应给出一条日常活动建议，F项“Sitting still for hours is not good for the physical body; getting up every 40 to 50 minutes for a walk around is beneficial.(连续久坐数小时对身体不好；每四五十分钟起身走动一会儿是有益的。)”属于日常可行的活动建议，和后文建议并列。 第二卷 IV. Productive Grammar (10 分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Choosing co‑investors — Friends without benefits Venture capitalists need to be ruthless about their relationships. Even in a world of algorithmic trading and automated credit scoring, good financial decisions still depend on judgment. Choosing ____51____ to invest alongside is particularly important in the uncertain world of venture capital, ____52____ many deals are syndicated, in order to share risk and information. Investors clearly prefer partners with whom they have something in common. People who have worked at the same company are over 60% more likely to co‑invest than those who have not. Investors who belong to the same ethnic minority, ____53____ studied at the same university, are around 20% more likely to pair up. The bias towards co‑investors on measures of ability is weaker: investors ____54____ degrees from the best universities are just 9% more likely to get together. Rapport (和睦关系) is a poor basis for selecting partners. The authors examine investors’ record at exiting investments through an initial public offering (IPO). An IPO is the holy grail (圣杯，最高追求) for many start‑ups, ____55____ the odds of success are 22% lower if a co‑investing pair are alumni of the same university, and 18% lower if they share a past employer. By ____56____ ethnicity has no effect on investment success. In a pair, it is a different story. Co‑investors from the same ethnic minority are 25% ____57____ (likely) to bring a portfolio company to an IPO (and the odds are still lower if the partners are East Asian). The data suggest that the poorer results of similar investors stem less from selecting bad companies, more from bad decisions taken together after the initial investment. It may be that a diversity of views helps investors to make better calls. Partnerships based on ability, not similarity, tend to do better. If one investor of a pair has a degree from a leading university, this adds 9% to the possibility of their selected firms ____58____ (reach) an IPO; if the second does too, that adds a further 11%. Of course, such investors still have to find each other. Research led by Alexander Ljungqvist of New York University’s Stern School of Business ____59____ (show) that Venture Capitalists’ firms in influential network positions perform better, as they have more opportunities to take part in syndications (企业联合组织). The moral seems to be ____60____ investors should make friends easily, but not invest for friendship’s sake alone. 【答案】51. whom 52. where 53. or 54. with 55. but 56. itself 57. less likely 58. reaching 59. has shown 60. that 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了一项关于风险投资领域选择共同投资者的研究，指出基于种族、校友、前雇主等相似性选择合作伙伴往往导致更差的投资退出结果，而基于能力和网络位置的合作更可能成功，寓意投资者应广交朋友但不应仅为友谊而投资。 【51题详解】 考查疑问词。句意：选择与谁共同投资是尤为重要的，在风险投资这个充满不确定性的领域里，许多交易都是联合进行的，为了分担风险和共享信息。根据空格前的动名词Choosing和空格后的动词不定式to invest alongside可知，此处要用“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作Choosing的宾语；根据“invest alongside(与……共同投资)”可知，对象是人，所填词表示“谁”；所填词在该结构中作介词alongside的宾语，用who的宾格形式whom。 【52题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：选择与谁共同投资是尤为重要的，在风险投资这个充满不确定性的领域里，许多交易都是联合进行的，为了分担风险和共享信息。________ many deals are syndicated是关系词引导的非限制性定语从句修饰地点名词the uncertain world of venture capital，关系词在该从句中作地点状语，要填关系副词where。 【53题详解】 考查连词。句意：属于同一少数族裔或曾在同一所大学就读的投资者，合作的可能性要高出约20%。所填词连接who引导的定语从句中的两个并列谓语belong to the same ethnic minority与studied at the same university，所填词为并列连词，体现选择关系；连词or表示“或者”，符合题干要求。 【54题详解】 考查介词。句意：对能力指标方面的共同投资者偏好较弱：拥有顶尖大学学位的投资者合作的可能性仅高出9%。_______ degrees from the best universities作后置定语修饰名词investors，要填表示“拥有、带有”的介词with。 【55题详解】 考查连词。句意：首次公开募股（IPO）是许多初创公司的最高追求，但如果共同投资的两人是同一所大学的校友，成功的几率要低22%；如果他们曾是同一雇主的员工，成功几率低18%。An IPO is the holy grail (圣杯，最高追求) for many start‑ups和the odds of success are 22% lower存在语义上的转折关系，要用表示转折的连词but。 【56题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：就其本身而言，种族对投资成功没有影响。by oneself是固定搭配，表示“就其本身而言”，所填词为反身代词，指代表示事物的单数名词ethnicity，要变为itself。 【57题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：来自同一少数族裔的共同投资者将投资组合公司推向IPO的可能性要低25%（如果合作伙伴是东亚人，几率仍然更低）。括号内所给词likely是形容词，根据前文中的“22% lower”、“18% lower”以及后文括号中的“the odds are still lower”可知，所填词应含有“可能性更低”之意；likely的比较级表否定方向时用less likely，表示“更不可能的”，符合句意。 【58题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果一对投资者中有一人拥有顶尖大学的学位，这会使他们所选公司实现IPO的可能性增加9%；如果第二人也拥有，会再增加11%。根据空格前的介词of可知，其后需要接名词性成分作宾语；根据their selected firms与reach 之间为主动关系，即公司主动实现IPO，此处要填reach的动名词reaching，构成动名词的复合结构作of的宾语。 【59题详解】 考查动词时态与主谓一致。句意：纽约大学斯特恩商学院的Alexander Ljungqvist领导的研究表明，处于有影响力网络位置的风险投资公司表现更好，因为它们有更多机会参与联合投资。所填词作谓语，主语Research作不可数名词，和提示词show之间是主动关系；其后的宾语从句that Venture Capitalists’ firms in influential network positions perform better用了一般现在时，说明该研究结论至今有效，即过去的研究动作对现在有影响，要用现在完成时has shown。 【60题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：寓意似乎是：投资者应该广交朋友，但不应仅为友谊而投资。_________ investors should make friends easily, but not invest for friendship’s sake alone是表语从句，作be动词的表语；该从句语义完整，且不缺成分，that引导表语从句时满足这两个要求。 V. Summary Writing (10 分) 61. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. The Unexpected Power of Random Acts of Kindness In late August, Erin Alexander, 57, sat in the parking lot of a Target store and wept. She was having a hard day. A barista(咖啡师) working at the Starbucks inside the Target was too. The espresso machine had broken down and she was clearly stressed. Ms. Alexander — who’d stopped crying and gone inside for some caffeine — smiled, ordered an iced green tea, and told her to hang in there. After picking up her order, she noticed a message on the cup: “Erin,” the barista had written next to a heart, “your soul is golden.” The warmth of that small and unexpected gesture, from a stranger who had no idea of what she was going through, moved Erin deeply. New findings, published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology in August, corroborate just how powerful experiences like Ms. Alexander’s can be. The notion that kindness can boost well-being is hardly new. Studies have shown that prosocial behavior — basically, voluntarily helping others — can help lower people’s daily stress levels, and that simple acts of connection, like texting a friend, mean more than many of us realize. But researchers have also found that people who perform a random act of kindness tend to underestimate how much the recipient will appreciate it. And they believe that miscalculation could hold many of us back from doing nice things for others more often. Stress can also keep people from being kind to others, Dr. Cousineau said, as can the “little judgy voice” in people’s heads that causes them to question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted, or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back. “When the kindness urge arises,” she said, “we totally overthink it.” Researchers who study kindness and friendship say they hope the new findings strengthen the scientific case for making these types of gestures more often. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Studies have shown that stranger’s random acts of kindness, usually small and unexpected gesture, can improve people’s well-being. However, people hesitate to be nice to others, mistakenly believing the recipient doesn’t value it much. Moreover, they fear the gesture being misinterpreted or causing stress. Researchers suggest people perform random kind acts more often. (53words) 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明陌生人的意外的小小善举可以改善人们的幸福感，然而由于某些原因人们做出小小善举是还有些犹豫。研究人员建议人们多多行善。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Studies have shown that prosocial behavior — basically, voluntarily helping others — can help lower people’s daily stress levels ②The simple acts of connection, like texting a friend, mean more than many of us realize. ③miscalculation could hold many of us back from doing nice things for others more often. ④Stress can also keep people from being kind to others, Dr. Cousineau said, as can the “little judgy voice” in people’s heads that causes them to question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted, or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back. ⑤Researchers who study kindness and friendship say they hope the new findings strengthen the scientific case for making these types of gestures more often. 2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4、5个要点进行概括。 3.遣词造句Studies have shown that stranger’s random acts of kindness, usually small and unexpected gesture, can improve people’s well-being. However, people hesitate to be nice to others, mistakenly believing the recipient doesn’t value it much. Moreover, they fear the gesture being misinterpreted or causing stress. Researchers suggest people perform random kind acts more often. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Studies have shown that stranger’s random acts of kindness, usually small and unexpected gesture, can improve people’s well-being.（运用了that引导宾语从句） 【高分句型2】However, people hesitate to be nice to others, mistakenly believing the recipient doesn’t value it much. （运用了现在分词作状语） VI. Translation (3+3+4+5=15 分) 62. 当提到要帮助人们渡过困境时，他毫不犹豫地自愿捐出了他的全部积蓄。(help) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When it came to helping people get through difficult times, he volunteered to donate all his savings without hesitation. 【解析】 【详解】“当提到做某事”表达为When it comes/came to doing sth.，结构中to为介词，后需接动名词；“帮助某人渡过困境”表达为help sb. get through difficult times，help变为helping，作to的宾语；“毫不犹豫”表达为without hesitation；“自愿做某事”表达为volunteer to do sth.；“捐出”表达为donate；“他的全部积蓄”表达为all his savings。句子描述的是过去已经发生的动作，整体用一般过去时，因此come变为过去式came，volunteer变为过去式volunteered。 63. 孩子们收到了杜克大学捐赠的大约2000册名著之后，感激之情难以言表。(estimate) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】After receiving an estimated 2,000 masterpieces donated by Duke University, the children’s gratitude was beyond words. 【解析】 【详解】句子描述过去发生的事件，整体用一般过去时；“……之后”用介词after，“收到”表达为receive，用动名词形式作after的宾语；“大约”表达为estimated，修饰数量短语2,000；“名著”表达为masterpieces，用名词复数；“杜克大学捐赠的”用过去分词短语donated by Duke University作后置定语修饰masterpieces；“感激之情难以言表”表达为the children’s gratitude was beyond words。 64. 这批志愿者没有料到，他们的小小善举会在网上引发热议，成为了小镇的一桩惊天动地的事。(gesture) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The group of volunteers didn’t expect that their small kind gestures would arouse heated discussion online and become a huge sensation in the small town. 【解析】 【详解】“这批志愿者”表达为the group of volunteers，作主句主语；“没有料到”表达为don’t expect that...，that引导宾语从句，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，助动词用didn’t；“他们的小小善举”表达为their small kind gestures，此处指多名志愿者的善行，用复数形式；“引发热议”表达为arouse heated discussion；“在网上”表达为online；“成为了小镇的一桩惊天动地的事”表达为become a huge sensation in the small town；从句是站在过去的时间点预测后续会发生的事，用过去将来时“would+动词原形”，两个并列结构“引发热议”和“成为小镇的惊天大事”共用would，结构简洁合规。 65. 第九次抱着一大摞书站在队伍中时，他不再感到烦躁，欣赏起了墙边醒目地挺立着的一片常春藤叶。(against) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Standing in the queue with a large pile of books for the ninth time, he was no longer annoyed and admired an ivy leaf standing out against the wall. 【解析】 【详解】“第九次”表达为for the ninth time，是时间状语；“抱着一大摞书”表达为with a large pile of books，用with结构作伴随状语；“站在队伍中”表达为standing in the queue，用现在分词结构作状语，stand和逻辑主语“他”（he）是主动关系；“不再感到烦躁”表达为be no longer annoyed；“欣赏”表达为admire；“墙边”要求使用提示词against，against作介词可表“紧靠、紧贴某物表面”，故译为against the wall；“醒目地挺立着的一片常春藤叶”表达为an ivy leaf standing out，现在分词作后置定语；句子描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时。 VII. Guided Writing (25 分) 66. Directions: Write an English composition in 120‑150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 请认真观察这幅图片，然后结合自己的生活实际谈谈你对该现象的思考。 你的作文中必须包括： 1、简述图片内容； 2、谈谈你的看法。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文： As can be seen from the picture, many people spend masses of time on electronic devices, sitting for long hours every day. They are buried in their phones or computers, lacking enough physical exercise, which has become a common social phenomenon. This phenomenon deserves our deep thought. Busy with study or work, we tend to stay seated for most of the day. Too much sedentary time does great harm to our physical health. Instead of sitting still all day, we should fit physical activity into daily life. We can choose to walk or cycle for short‑distance trips, do housework regularly or take simple exercise in spare time. Small changes in daily routines will make a big difference to our health. Only by combining work with exercise can we live a better life. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生观察图片，然后结合自己的生活实际谈谈对该现象的思考。 【详解】1.词汇积累 普遍的：common →prevalent 忙于：be busy with→be occupied with 对……造成伤害：do harm to→do damage to 使融合：combine→integrate 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Busy with study or work, we tend to stay seated for most of the day. 拓展句：As we are busy with study or work, we tend to stay seated for most of the day. 【点睛】【高分句型1】They are buried in their phones or computers, lacking enough physical exercise, which has become a common social phenomenon.(运用了现在分词lacking作状语和which引导的非限制性定语从句。) 【高分句型2】Only by combining work with exercise can we live a better life. (运用了Only + 状语放句首构成的部分倒装。) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $