内容正文:
人教版英语七年级上册Unit5语法汇总与练习
情态动词can(表示能力)
第一部分 语法知识点总结
一、can的基本意义和特点
can是情态动词,表示某人具有做某事的能力,意为“能;会”。can没有人称和数的变化。
例:I can swim. / She can swim.(我会游泳。/她会游泳。)
说明:无论主语是I还是第三人称单数she,都使用can,不能写成cans。
二、肯定句:主语 + can + 动词原形
can后必须接动词原形,不能接to do、动词‑ing形式或第三人称单数形式。
例:David can play the guitar.(戴维会弹吉他。)
错误:David can plays the guitar. 正确:David can play the guitar.
三、否定句:主语 + cannot / can't + 动词原形
can的否定形式是cannot,通常写成一个词,也可以缩写为can't。
例:My little brother cannot ride a bike.(我弟弟不会骑自行车。)
说明:cannot / can't后仍然接动词原形ride。
四、一般疑问句和简略回答
把can提到主语前构成一般疑问句:Can + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
例:—Can you play chess? —Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
简略回答中不能重复主要动词,也不能用do / does回答。
五、特殊疑问句
结构:特殊疑问词 + can + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
例:What can you do for the school show?(你能为学校演出做什么?)
例:Who can help me with the poster?(谁能帮我制作海报?)
说明:who直接作主语时,结构为Who can + 动词原形,不再另加主语。
六、can与be、do / does的区别
can后直接接动词原形,构成否定句和疑问句时不需要do或does。be用来说明身份、状态或位置;do / does帮助实义动词构成一般现在时疑问句。
例:Can Lisa dance?(能力) Does Lisa dance every day?(日常习惯) Is Lisa in the dance club?(身份或状态)
七、can表示能力时的语境
1、表示会做或有能力完成某事
can常用于说明一个人掌握的技能或具备的能力。例:Jenny can swim. Our robot can speak English. can后直接接动作动词原形,不能接动词的‑s或‑ing形式。
2、表示不能做某事
cannot或can't表示没有某种能力。例:My little brother can't ride a bike. cannot是一个完整单词,正式书写时不能拆成can not;在强调对比时偶尔可分写,但七年级阶段统一掌握cannot。
3、能力可以由语境进一步说明
为了使表达更具体,可以在句末补充程度或场景。例:Leo can run very fast. Amy can play the piano at the school show.这些成分不改变can后用动词原形的规则。
4、表示多项能力
同一主语有多个能力时,can不必重复。例:She can sing and dance. and连接两个动词原形。若主语改变,则要重新写出主语和can,如She can sing, and her brother can dance。
八、can的疑问句和信息提问
1、一般疑问句直接把can提前
can是情态动词,变一般疑问句时不需要do或does。肯定句You can draw.变为Can you draw?简略回答使用Yes, I can. / No, I can't。
2、对能力内容提问用what
询问某人会做什么时,常用“What + can + 主语 + do?”。例:—What can you do in the school club? —I can make model planes.句末的do是“做”的实义动词。
3、对人物提问用who
询问谁具备某种能力时,可以说Who can help us?此时who本身作主语,后面直接接can,不再添加he、she或do。
4、疑问句中的人称转换
Can you ...?的回答要根据实际对象使用I或we。例:—Can you and Mike play chess? —Yes, we can. 如果问句主语是your sister,回答时用she。
九、can的相关常见用法
1、表示请求
Can you ...?还可以用来请别人做某事。例:Can you open the window, please?肯定回应可用Sure. / Of course.,拒绝时应礼貌说明原因。
2、表示许可
Can I ...?可以询问是否允许自己做某事。例:—Can I join the science club? —Yes, you can. / Sorry, you can't.这里的can不是询问能力,而是询问许可。
3、根据语境判断含义
Can Lucy swim?通常询问能力;Can I use your pen?通常询问许可;Can you help me?通常表示请求。三种用法的句型相同,需要结合主语、动作和交流场景判断。
4、礼貌表达不改变语法结构
在句中加入please或称呼可以使请求更礼貌,但can后仍用动词原形。例:Can you show me the way, please? please可放在句末,也可放在动词前。
十、can与其他谓语结构的区别
1、can后不能再接be以外的变化形式
can后的动词一律使用原形,包括be。正确:She can be a good team leader.错误:She can is ...。如果动作是swim、draw、sing,也不能写swims、drawing或to sing。
2、can不随主语人称变化
I can、he can、the students can的形式完全相同。即使主语是第三人称单数,也不能写cans。can本身已经承担谓语中的情态意义。
3、含can的句子不用do / does
否定句直接在can后加not,疑问句直接把can提前。错误:He doesn't can swim.正确:He can't swim.
错误:Does he can swim?正确:Can he swim?
4、can与be动词的位置
如果句子表示“能够处于某种状态”,结构可以是can + be +名词、形容词或地点短语。例:The club can be fun.这里be是can后的动词原形,两者并不冲突。
十一、常见易错点与判断方法
先看句子是否强调能力;若使用can,后面的动词一律用原形。变否定在can后加not,变疑问把can提前。
不要写can to sing、can sings、does can或is can。简略回答要用can / can't。
第二部分 专项巩固练习题
一、单项选择(15题)
1. —____ you swim?
—Yes, I ____.
A. Can; can B. Do; do C. Are; am D. Can; do
2. My brother ____ play basketball, but he can play football.
A. can B. can't C. does D. doesn't
3. She can ____ English songs very well.
A. sings B. sing C. singing D. to sing
4. —What ____ your sister do?
—She can dance.
A. do B. does C. can D. is
5. —Who ____ play the piano in your class?
—Li Mei can.
A. can B. do C. does D. is
6. Tom can ____ a model plane for us.
A. makes B. make C. making D. to make
7. —Can your parents speak French?
—____
A. Yes, they do. B. Yes, they can. C. Yes, they are. D. No, they don't.
8. He ____ swim, so he never goes to the swimming pool.
A. can B. can't C. must D. may
9. Please ask Mike. He ____ help you with your math.
A. can B. cans C. do D. does
10. —____ can you do for the party?
—I can tell stories.
A. Where B. What C. Who D. When
11. —Can I use your pen?
—____ Here you are.
A. No, you can't. B. Yes, you can. C. No, I can't. D. Yes, I do.
12. Which sentence is correct?
A. He can plays chess. B. He can play chess. C. He plays can chess. D. Can he plays chess?
13. My little dog ____ run fast.
A. can B. cans C. do D. does
14. You ____ sing and dance at the show.
A. can B. are C. do D. does
15. —Can Lucy and Lily draw?
—____
A. Yes, she can. B. Yes, they can. C. No, she can't. D. No, they don't.
二、用can / can't填空(10题)
1. I ____ ride a bike, so my mom teaches me every day.
2. My father ____ fix bikes. He is good at it.
3. —____ you speak Chinese?
—Yes, I ____.
4. He ____ play the guitar. He never learns it.
5. We ____ play basketball after school. It's our favorite sport.
6. —Can your sister swim?
—No, she ____.
7. ____ you help me with my homework?
8. The robot ____ speak English, but it can speak Chinese.
9. They ____ join the club. They have much free time.
10. I ____ go out. I must finish my homework first.
三、句型转换(5题)
1. She can play tennis.(改为否定句)
She ____ ____ tennis.
2. They can tell stories.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
—____ ____ tell stories?
—____, ____ ____.
3. Tom can draw pictures.(对划线部分提问)
____ ____ Tom ____?
4. My brother can swim.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
—____ ____ brother swim?
—____, ____ ____.
5. can, Amy, and, sing, dance(连词成句)
____________________________________
四、句子翻译(5题)
1. 我会下棋。
____________________________________
2. 他不会弹钢琴。
____________________________________
3. 你会为学校演出做什么?
____________________________________
4. —你会游泳吗?—不,我不会。
____________________________________
5. 谁会帮我?
____________________________________
第三部分 参考答案与解析
一、单项选择
1、A
解析:can引导一般疑问句,回答仍用can。
2、B
解析:but表转折,会踢足球,但是不会打篮球,用can't。
3、B
解析:can后面接动词原形sing。
4、C
解析:答句出现can,问句用can。
5、A
解析:who作主语,直接加can。
6、B
解析:can后接动词原形make。
7、B
解析:parents是复数,回答用they,can提问can回答。
8、B
解析:从不去泳池,说明不会游泳,can't。
9、A
解析:can无人称变化,没有cans形式。
10、B
解析:询问会做什么,疑问词what。
11、B
解析:根据“Here you are”可知是肯定许可回答。
12、B
解析:can后必须使用动词原形play。
13、A
解析:can没有cans变形。
14、A
解析:can后接两个动词原形sing and dance。
15、B
解析:主语是两个人,回答用they,can提问can回答。
二、用can / can't填空
1、can't
2、can
3、Can;can
4、can't
5、can
6、can't
7、Can
8、can't
9、can
10、can't
三、句型转换
1、can't play
2、Can they;Yes, they can
3、What can;do
4、Can your;No, he can't
5、Amy can sing and dance.
四、句子翻译
1、I can play chess.
2、He can't play the piano.
3、What can you do for the school show?
4、—Can you swim? —No, I can't.
5、Who can help me?
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