2026-2027学年高一上学期牛津译林版必修一U1 课时练（词汇与语法基础巩固与提升）

**基本信息** 本练习围绕必修一U1词汇语法与写作输出，通过基础单句、综合翻译到语篇应用的三层设计，实现语言能力从单一知识点到综合输出的递进，兼顾文化意识与思维品质培养。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础层|核心词汇转换（如improvement）、基础语法（时态、非谓语）|单句填空30题，聚焦词形变化与固定搭配，夯实语言能力基础| |进阶层|复杂句型翻译（如so...that...）、语法综合应用|5道翻译题，融合单元重点句型，提升语言表达准确性| |提升层|语篇语法填空、应用文写作|短文填空结合环保主题，写作推荐传统文化进校园，体现文化意识与思维品质|

牛津译林版必修一U1 课时练（词汇与语法基础巩固与提升） 【使用说明】 1. 试卷定位：本卷专为必修一U1“词汇与语法基础巩固与提升”设计，侧重核心词汇、重点语法及写作输出的实战检测。 2. 使用建议：可用作单元基础复习诊断卷，重点讲评词形转换与翻译难点，并对作文进行典型卷面批改。 第一节、单句填空 1. Continuous reflection and proper practice will lead to steady ____ (improve) in learners’ overall ability and learning efficiency. 2. ____ (base), self-discipline is the key to helping students form good habits and achieve long-term progress in study and life. 3. To everyone’s ____ (amaze), the young artist has created a series of amazing works that show unique creativity and deep artistic value. 4. To improve service quality, the company decides to invite top ____ (profession) to provide regular guidance and training for its staff. 5. ____ (technique) speaking, new energy vehicles are more eco-friendly and will gradually replace traditional fuel cars in the future. 6. The new policy ____ (aim) at balancing social development and environmental protection has drawn wide attention from the public. 7. Only by facing difficulties on their own can teenagers achieve lasting ____ (dependent) in the long run. 8. ____ (fortune), many teenagers fail to balance online entertainment with daily study, which has a negative effect on their physical and mental health. 9. Though young, he is senior ____ many experienced workers. 10. The task is extremely challenging and demanding. ____, with joint efforts and firm determination, we will definitely accomplish it on time. 11. Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be ____ (equal) respected. 12. Born in a traditional family, Rick was brought up to value a sense of ____ (responsible) and sharing. 13. As a high school student, you must make great efforts ____ (improve) yourself, both academically and personally. 14. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River ____ (lie) Chongqing, one of the ten largest cities in China. 15. In three years, you will find yourself ____ (grow) into a well-rounded individual. 16. We need to make the club ____ (attract) to more students. 17. I had no option but ____ (accept) what she said. 18. So fast is China developing ____ you can never imagine what it will be like next year. 19. ____ scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don’t know. 20. When written down, these goals are a lasting reminder of ____ students want to achieve. 21. This festival is a special time for the Qiang people to show their thanks and respect, strengthen their bond with nature, ____ promote harmony in their families and community. 22. Deeply ____ (amaze) by local culture, many visitors choose to stay longer and experience more traditional customs. 23. With ____ (advance) science and technology widely applied, human society is developing at a high speed. 24. As long as you keep practicing and improving yourself, you will gradually be confident ____ your performance in public. 25. To grow into a mature individual, everyone must learn to think critically and be independent ____ others’ opinions. 26. We should cut down unnecessary distractions to keep ourselves ____ (focus) on learning all the time. 27. With better teaching methods and more learning resources provided, students’ learning efficiency and comprehensive ability ____ (improve) obviously in recent years. 28. ____ (base) on traditional culture and modern needs, this new policy effectively solves many social problems. 29. The experts’ proposal that effective measures ____ (take) to protect the environment deserves wide attention. 30. Over time, these traditions and the Qiang language have been included in schools, ____ has made young people know more about their culture. 第二节、句子翻译 1. 当你们勇敢迎接挑战时，便能收获渊博的学识，实现个人成长。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. 谁也无法预知，你们将来会创作出何等精美的艺术作品，在医学领域取得怎样的突破，研发出多么令人惊叹的科技！ ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. 同样重要的，还有良好的学习习惯、实用的能力技巧以及积极的人生态度。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. 我们将凭借自身的发展，为世界和平与发展作出更大的贡献。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. 我的老师建议我报名参加高级英语俱乐部。(宾语从句+虚拟) ____________________________________________________________________________ 第3节、 短文语法填空： 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Taklimakan Desert, known as the “Sea of Death”, has eventually been encircled by a sand-blocking green belt that stretches 3,046 kilometers. On 5 December, 2024, the final 10-meter stretch of sand 1_________(plant) with saplings(树苗) of desert poplar, rose willow and other drought-resistant plants in Yutian. This marked the  2_________(complete) of the greenbelt’s last part of 285 km. Over the past four decades, Xinjiang  3_________(witness) a gradual increase in reforestation, forming a 2,761-km sand blocking belt around the desert by the end of 2023. However,  4_________ final 285-km gap between the southern edge of the desert and the southeast edge became the most   5_________(challenge) part. According to local conditions, the region carried out 6_________(scientific) reliable strategies to control sand. In areas with relatively good water and soil resources, biological sand control is prioritized by planting drought-resistant plants. In regions with relatively insufficient water resources, photovoltaic(光伏的) sand control is mainly used. In areas lacking water and   7_________ the conditions for photovoltaic installation are inadequate, engineering sand control is the primary method. The large solar panels 8 _________(build) in the desert not only generate electricity but also reduce surface wind speed. The land beneath the solar panels can be used to plant drought-resistant plants or crops, which help to fix the sand 9_________ place with their root systems,   10_________(achieve) the benefit of electricity generation, increased agricultural income and sand control. 第四节、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你校英文报正在就“中国传统文化进校园”活动征集建议，请你给编辑写一封信推荐一个主题，内容包括: 1. 主题内容; 2. 推荐理由; 3. 活动形式。 注意: 1. 写作词数应为80词左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear editor, ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 参考答案： 第一节 单句填空 1. Continuous reflection and proper practice will lead to steady ____ (improve) in learners' overall ability and learning efficiency. 答案：improvement 解析： 此处需要名词作 lead to 的宾语（steady ___），improve 的名词形式为 improvement（改善、进步）。steady improvement 意为"稳步提升"。 译文： 持续的反思和适当的练习将带来学习者整体能力和学习效率的稳步提升。 2. ____ (base), self-discipline is the key to helping students form good habits and achieve long-term progress in study and life. 答案：Basically 解析： 此处需要副词修饰整个句子，作句首状语。base 的形容词为 basic，副词形式为 basically（基本上、从根本上说）。 译文： 从根本上说，自律是帮助学生养成良好习惯并在学习和生活中取得长期进步的关键。 3. To everyone's ____ (amaze), the young artist has created a series of amazing works that show unique creativity and deep artistic value. 答案：amazement 解析： To one's + 名词（情感）是固定结构，意为"令某人……的是"。amaze 的名词形式为 amazement。To everyone's amazement 意为"令所有人惊讶的是"。 译文： 令所有人惊讶的是，这位年轻的艺术家创作了一系列展现独特创造力和深厚艺术价值的精彩作品。 4. To improve service quality, the company decides to invite top ____ (profession) to provide regular guidance and training for its staff. 答案：professionals 解析： 此处需要名词作 invite 的宾语，top 修饰名词。profession 是名词（职业），其指人的名词为 professional（专业人士），此处泛指多位专家，用复数 professionals。 译文： 为了提高服务质量，公司决定邀请顶尖的专业人士定期为员工提供指导和培训。 5. ____ (technique) speaking, new energy vehicles are more eco-friendly and will gradually replace traditional fuel cars in the future. 答案：Technically 解析： ___ speaking 是固定结构，需要副词修饰 speaking。technique 的形容词为 technical，副词形式为 technically。Technically speaking 意为"从技术上讲"。 译文： 从技术上讲，新能源汽车更加环保，未来将逐步取代传统燃油汽车。 6. The new policy ____ (aim) at balancing social development and environmental protection has drawn wide attention from the public. 答案：aimed 解析： 此处 aim 作后置定语修饰 policy，policy 与 aim 之间是被动关系（政策被旨在……），故用过去分词 aimed。be aimed at 意为"旨在"。 译文： 旨在平衡社会发展与环境保护的新政策引起了公众的广泛关注。 7. Only by facing difficulties on their own can teenagers achieve lasting ____ (dependent) in the long run. 答案：independence 解析： 此处需要名词作 achieve 的宾语。dependent 是形容词（依赖的），其名词形式为 independence（独立）。lasting independence 意为"持久的独立"。 译文： 只有通过独自面对困难，青少年才能从长远来看实现持久的独立。 8. ____ (fortune), many teenagers fail to balance online entertainment with daily study, which has a negative effect on their physical and mental health. 答案：Unfortunately 解析： 此处需要副词作句首状语，修饰整个句子。根据句意"许多青少年无法平衡网络娱乐和日常学习"，这是一个负面情况，故用 unfortunately（不幸的是）。fortune 的形容词为 fortunate/unfortunate，副词形式为 unfortunately。 译文： 不幸的是，许多青少年无法平衡网络娱乐和日常学习，这对他们的身心健康产生了负面影响。 9. Though young, he is senior ____ many experienced workers. 答案：to 解析： senior to 是固定搭配，意为"比……资历深/级别高"。类似的还有 junior to（比……资历浅）、superior to（优于）等。 译文： 虽然年轻，但他的资历比许多经验丰富的员工还要高。 10. The task is extremely challenging and demanding. ____, with joint efforts and firm determination, we will definitely accomplish it on time. 答案：However 解析： 前句说任务极具挑战性且要求很高，后句说凭借共同努力和坚定决心我们一定能按时完成，前后构成转折关系。However 在此作副词，置于第二句句首，用逗号与分句隔开，表示语意上的转折（"然而"）。 译文： 这项任务极具挑战性且要求很高。然而，凭借共同努力和坚定的决心，我们一定能按时完成。 11. Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be ____ (equal) respected. 答案：equally 解析： 此处需要副词修饰动词 respected（被动语态）。equal 的副词形式为 equally（平等地）。 译文： 任何人，无论是官员还是公交车司机，都应该被平等地尊重。 12. Born in a traditional family, Rick was brought up to value a sense of ____ (responsible) and sharing. 答案：responsibility 解析： 此处需要名词作介词 of 的宾语。responsible 是形容词，其名词形式为 responsibility（责任感）。a sense of responsibility 意为"责任感"。 译文： Rick 出生在一个传统家庭，从小被教育要重视责任感和分享精神。 13. As a high school student, you must make great efforts ____ (improve) yourself, both academically and personally. 答案：to improve 解析： make efforts to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为"努力做某事"，to do 作目的状语。 译文： 作为一名高中生，你必须在学业和个人方面都努力提升自己。 14. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River ____ (lie) Chongqing, one of the ten largest cities in China. 答案：lies 解析： 这是一个完全倒装句，正常语序为 Chongqing lies at the meeting place...。主语 Chongqing 是第三人称单数，描述客观事实用一般现在时，故填 lies。 译文： 在长江和嘉陵江的交汇处坐落着重庆，中国十大城市之一。 15. In three years, you will find yourself ____ (grow) into a well-rounded individual. 答案：growing 解析： find oneself doing sth. 是固定搭配，意为"发现自己正在变得……"，用现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作的自然发展过程。 译文： 三年后，你会发现自己已经成长为一个全面发展的人。 16. We need to make the club ____ (attract) to more students. 答案：attractive 解析： make + 宾语 + 形容词（宾语补足语），此处需要形容词作补语。attract 的形容词形式为 attractive（有吸引力的）。make the club attractive to 意为 "使俱乐部对……有吸引力"。 译文： 我们需要让俱乐部对更多学生有吸引力。 17. I had no option but ____ (accept) what she said. 答案：to accept 解析： have no option but to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为"别无选择只能做某事"，but 后接带 to 的不定式。 译文： 我别无选择，只能接受她所说的话。 18. So fast is China developing ____ you can never imagine what it will be like next year. 答案：that 解析： so...that... 是固定句型，意为"如此……以至于……"。此处 so fast 提前构成倒装，that 引导结果状语从句。 译文： 中国发展得如此之快，以至于你永远无法想象明年它会是什么样子。 19. ____ scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don't know. 答案：Although / Though/ While 解析： 前后两句构成让步关系：虽然科学家已经了解了很多，但仍有很多未知。Although/Though/While 引导让步状语从句，意为"虽然"。 译文： 虽然科学家们已经对宇宙了解了很多，但仍有许多我们不知道的。 20. When written down, these goals are a lasting reminder of ____ students want to achieve. 答案：what 解析： of 后接宾语从句，从句中 achieve 缺少宾语，且指代"学生想要实现的东西"，故用 what 引导宾语从句。what = the things that。 译文： 当被写下来时，这些目标会持久地提醒学生他们想要实现的东西。 21. This festival is a special time for the Qiang people to show their thanks and respect, strengthen their bond with nature, ____ promote harmony in their families and community. 答案：and 解析： 三个并列的动词短语 show...、strengthen... 和 promote... 构成并列结构，最后一个并列成分前用 and 连接。 译文： 这个节日是羌族人民表达感谢和敬意、加强与自然的联系、促进家庭和社区和谐的特殊时刻。 22. Deeply ____ (amaze) by local culture, many visitors choose to stay longer and experience more traditional customs. 答案：amazed 解析： 此处 amaze 作原因状语，逻辑主语是 many visitors，游客"被当地文化所震撼"，是被动关系，故用过去分词 amazed。 译文： 被当地文化深深震撼，许多游客选择停留更长时间，体验更多传统习俗。 23. With ____ (advance) science and technology widely applied, human society is developing at a high speed. 答案：advanced 解析： 此处需要形容词修饰 science and technology。advance 的过去分词 advanced 可作形容词，意为"先进的"。advanced science and technology 意为"先进的科学技术"。 译文： 随着先进科学技术的广泛应用，人类社会正以高速发展。 24. As long as you keep practicing and improving yourself, you will gradually be confident ____ your performance in public. 答案：about 解析： be confident about 是固定搭配，意为"对……有信心"。 译文： 只要你不断练习和提升自己，你终会逐渐对自己的公开表现充满信心。 25. To grow into a mature individual, everyone must learn to think critically and be independent ____ others' opinions. 答案：of 解析： be independent of 是固定搭配，意为"独立于……，不受……影响"。 译文： 为了成长为一个成熟的人，每个人都必须学会批判性思考，并不受他人意见的左右。 26. We should cut down unnecessary distractions to keep ourselves ____ (focus) on learning all the time. 答案：focused 解析： keep + 宾语 + 过去分词（宾语补足语），ourselves 与 focus 之间是被动关系（我们自己被保持在专注状态），故用过去分词 focused。keep ourselves focused on 意为"使自己保持专注于"。 译文： 我们应该减少不必要的干扰，使自己始终保持对学习的专注。 27. With better teaching methods and more learning resources provided, students' learning efficiency and comprehensive ability ____ (improve) obviously in recent years. 答案：have improved 解析： 时间状语 in recent years 是现在完成时的典型标志，主语 students' learning efficiency and comprehensive ability 为复数，故用 have improved。 译文： 随着更好的教学方法和更多学习资源的提供，近年来学生的学习效率和综合能力有了明显的提高。 28. ____ (base) on traditional culture and modern needs, this new policy effectively solves many social problems. 答案：Based 解析： be based on 是固定搭配，意为"基于……"。此处过去分词短语 Based on... 作原因状语，修饰主句。 译文： 基于传统文化和现代需求，这项新政策有效地解决了许多社会问题。 29. The experts' proposal that effective measures ____ (take) to protect the environment deserves wide attention. 答案：(should) be taken 解析： proposal 后接 that 引导的同位语从句，从句中用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可省略。measures 与 take 之间是被动关系（措施被采取），故填 (should) be taken。 译文： 专家们提出的应采取有效措施保护环境的提议值得广泛关注。 30. Over time, these traditions and the Qiang language have been included in schools, ____ has made young people know more about their culture. 答案：which 解析： 此处需要关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子（这些传统和羌语被纳入学校这件事），故用 which。 译文： 随着时间的推移，这些传统和羌语已被纳入学校课程。这使得年轻人更多地了解了他们的文化。 第二节：句子翻译（共5题，每小题2分，满分10分） 1. 当你们勇敢迎接挑战时，便能收获渊博的学识，实现个人成长。 答案：When you rise to the challenges, you will have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal growth. 2. 谁也无法预知，你们将来会创作出何等精美的艺术作品，在医学领域取得怎样的突破，研发出多么令人惊叹的科技！ 答案：Who knows what beautiful works of art you will create, what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop! 3. 同样重要的，还有良好的学习习惯、实用的能力技巧以及积极的人生态度。 答案：Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude. 4. 我们将凭借自身的发展，为世界和平与发展作出更大的贡献。 答案：We will make greater contributions to world peace and development through our own development. 5. 我的老师建议我报名参加高级英语俱乐部。(宾语从句+虚拟) 答案：My teacher suggested that I (should) sign up for the advanced English club. 第三节：短文语法填空： 1. was planted 解析： 考查动词的时态和语态。句中有明确的过去时间状语 "On 5 December, 2024"，且主语 "the final 10-meter stretch of sand"（最后10米长的沙地）与动词 plant（种植）之间是被动关系，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。 完整单句译文： 2024年12月5日，在和田，最后10米长的沙地被种上了胡杨、红柳和其他耐旱植物的树苗。 2. completion 解析： 考查词性转换。空格位于定冠词 "the" 之后，介词 "of" 之前，此处应填入 complete 的名词形式 completion，表示“完成”。 完整单句译文： 这标志着该防护林最后285公里路段的完成。 3. has witnessed 解析： 考查动词的时态。时间状语 "Over the past four decades"（在过去四十年里）是现在完成时的标志性短语，表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态；且主语 "Xinjiang" 为第三人称单数，故填 has witnessed。 完整单句译文： 在过去四十年里，新疆见证了植树造林的逐渐增加，到2023年底，在沙漠周围形成了一条2761公里长的防沙林带。 4. the 解析： 考查冠词。此处特指上文提到的“最后285公里的缺口（final 285-km gap）”，表示特指，故填定冠词 the。 完整单句译文： 然而，沙漠南缘与东南缘之间最后285公里的缺口成了最具挑战性的部分。 5. challenging 解析： 考查词性转换。空格位于最高级标志词 "the most" 之后，修饰名词 "part"，应填入 challenge 的形容词形式 challenging（具有挑战性的）。 完整单句译文： 然而，沙漠南缘与东南缘之间最后285公里的缺口成了最具挑战性的部分。 6. scientifically 解析： 考查词性转换。空格修饰后面的形容词 "reliable"（可靠的），应填入 scientific 的副词形式 scientifically，表示“科学地、可靠地”。 完整单句译文： 根据当地条件，该地区实施了科学可靠的治沙策略。 7. where 解析： 考查定语从句。先行词是 "areas"（地区），从句 "the conditions for photovoltaic installation are inadequate" 结构完整，不缺主宾，缺少地点状语，故填关系副词 where。 完整单句译文： 在缺水且光伏安装条件不足的地区，工程治沙是主要方法。 8. built 解析： 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词 generate 和 reduce，此处 build 作后置定语修饰 "The large solar panels"。由于“光伏板”与“建造”之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词 built。 完整单句译文： 建在沙漠中的大型光伏板不仅能发电，还能降低地表风速。 9. in 解析： 考查介词搭配。此处考查固定短语 "fix sth. in place"，意为“将某物固定在适当的位置/原地”。 完整单句译文： 光伏板下的土地可以用来种植耐旱植物或农作物，这些植物用根系将沙子固定在原地。 10. achieving 解析： 考查非谓语动词。逗号前句子结构完整，此处 achieve 作伴随或结果状语，表示前面“植物固沙”这一行为自然而然带来的结果，且与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词 achieving。 完整单句译文： 光伏板下的土地可以用来种植耐旱植物或农作物，这些植物用根系将沙子固定在原地，从而实现了发电、增加农业收入和治沙的综合效益。 第四节、应用文写作 Dear editor, I’m writing to strongly recommend Chinese calligraphy as the theme for the “Traditional Chinese Culture on Campus” activities. Calligraphy is a unique art form representing Chinese wisdom and culture. It also reflects the profound cultural heritage of China. For the activities, we can hold an exhibition, displaying calligraphy works by students and teachers. Besides, a professional calligrapher can be invited to give a lecture, which will surely promote students’ ability to appreciate masterpieces in calligraphy. I sincerely hope my proposals will be of practical value to your planning. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 作文点评： 一、 核心词汇与短语（Vocabulary） strongly recommend：强烈推荐（比普通的 recommend 语气更坚定，非常适合应用文表达立场）。 calligraphy：书法（本单元词汇，点明主题）。 unique art form：独特的艺术形式（用来定义传统文化的高频搭配）。 profound cultural heritage：深厚的文化遗产（profound 意为“深厚的、深远的”，是极大的加分词；heritage 意为“遗产”，文化类作文必背词）。 exhibition：展览（活动形式类核心词汇）。 professional calligrapher：专业的书法家。 appreciate masterpieces：欣赏杰作（appreciate 意为“欣赏”，masterpieces 意为“杰作”，搭配非常地道）。 二、 句型与语法亮点（Highlights） 1.非谓语动词作后置定语： "...Chinese calligraphy as the theme for the 'Traditional Chinese Culture on Campus' activities." "...displaying calligraphy works by students and teachers." 亮点：使用 displaying 作伴随状语/补充说明，使句子结构紧凑，避免了使用 and it displays... 这种平铺直叙的流水账句式。 2.高级定语从句： "...give a lecture, which will surely promote students’ ability to appreciate masterpieces in calligraphy." 亮点：使用 which 引导非限制性定语从句，对前文“举办讲座”这一行为的结果进行自然补充和升华，逻辑连贯，是高考阅卷老师非常喜欢的高级句型。 3.得体的结尾客套话： "I sincerely hope my proposals will be of practical value to your planning." 亮点：这是应用文（建议信）非常经典且地道的结尾句，用 sincerely hope 增强真诚感；将 suggestions 替换为更正式的 proposals(本单元词汇表重点词汇)；用 be of practical value (本单元Reading重要知识点) 替代简单的 helpful，高级感瞬间拉满。 三、 整体点评 1.逻辑清晰：第一段直奔主题（推荐书法）；第二段给出理由（代表中国智慧与文化遗产）；第三段提出具体活动形式（展览+讲座）。 2.词汇精准：没有使用过于生僻的词，但 profound, heritage, appreciate, proposal, masterpieces 这几个词的组合足以让阅卷老师眼前一亮。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $