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人教版高中英语选修一Unit1单元语法总结-非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
重点
非限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行词没有限制词义的作用,通常只起解释
或补充说明的作用,一般用逗号把它和主句隔开,在译成中文时,这个从句一般译成一个并列句。
·This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.这种药物被称为青蒿素,很快成了针对疟疾的标准疗法。[教材原句P3]
①引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
关系代词:which、who、whom、whose、as
关系副词:when、where
其他:“介词+which/whom/whose”结构
特别注意 which引导非限制性定语从句时,既可以指代名词或代词,也可以指代整个主句或主句中的一部分。
· This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner)whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin a crucial new treatment for malaria.今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者),她的研究促使了青蒿素的发现,青蒿素是一种至关重要的针对疟疾的新疗法。[教材原句P2]·In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.起初,屠呦呦去海南研究患疟疾的病人,在那里疟疾更常见。[教材原句P2]
·Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.后来,这种药物在患疟疾的病人身上进行了试验,他们中的大部分都康复了。[教材原句P3]
②限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
区别
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
作用
说明的是先行词必不可少的情况
对先行词进行补充说明
形式
与主句之间不用
逗号隔开
与主句之间用逗号隔开
先行词
只能是名词或代词
可以是名词或代词,也
可以是整个主句或主句中的一部分
关系词
关系代词在从句中作宾语时常可省略
不可用that和why;关系词不可省略
译法
译成“······的······”
主句和从句分开译,从句通常可译作并列句
·That evening, which I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.结果那天晚上我工作到很晚,我晚点会跟你讲更多关于那天晚上的事。
·We have launched another man-made satellite, which was reported in today's newspaper.我们又发射了一颗人造卫星,这件事在今天的报纸上报道了。(先行词是前面整个主句)
在从句中作主语、可以用that替代
·Finally he reached a lonely island which was completely cut off from the outside world.最后他到达了一个完全与世隔绝的孤岛。
③ as引导非限制性定语从句的用法
as引导非限制性定语从句,先行词通常是整个主句,as意为“正如;像”。as引导的非限制性定语从句中常含有 see、know、hear、watch、report、remember、say、tell、show、expect、guess等,这类动词与as连用几乎成了一种固定搭配。
·As is shown by the chart, nowadays there are more and more students loving reading books.正如图表所显示的那样,现在有越来越多的学生喜欢读书。
知识拓展 常见的as引导的非限制性定语从句
as we all know=as is known to us 众所周知
as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样
as I can remember 正如我所记得的
as you can see 如你所见
as we expect 正如我们预料的那样
as was expected 正如预料的那样
as has been said above 如上所述
as is reported 据报道
as is often the case 这是常见的情况
④ as与which 引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
as
which
as引导的非限制性定语从句通常指代整个主句。
which引导非限制性定语从句时,可指代整个主句或主句中的一部分。
as引导的非限制性定语从句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。
which引导的非限制性定语从句通常位于主句的后面。
as引导非限制性定语从句时,译为“正如;像”。
which引导非限制性定语从句时,译为“这一点;这件事”。
· China Today has attracted a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.《今日中国》吸引了全世界的读者,这表明全世界越来越多的人想了解中国。
·We visited the old castle, which was built about five hundred years ago.我们参观了那座古堡,它大约建于五百年前。
· As is often the case with beginners, he made a few small mistakes in grammar.正如初学者们常见的情况,他在语法上犯了一些小错误。
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