Unit 1 The Changing World（单元语法专项训练）2026-2027学年九年级英语上册（新人教版）

**基本信息** 以“语法规则+易混辨析+情境应用”构建系统性训练体系，通过表格对比、记忆口诀提炼解题方法，实现从基础概念到综合语用的逻辑递进，助力语言能力与思维品质提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |考点精讲|4大语法点（含used to、现在完成时等）|表格对比结构/标志词，口诀记忆易混点（如“去没去？回没回？待多久？”）|从基础句式→易混辨析→时态对比，形成“概念-区别-应用”链条| |基础应用|单选12题+完成句子8题+翻译5题|“有明确过去时间用一般过去时，强调影响用现在完成时”等解题口诀|针对高频易错点（如used to否定式、现在完成时标志词）设计专项突破| |综合拔高|8篇语篇填空（含选词/短文填空）|结合“变化”主题语境，迁移语法规则解决语篇问题|从单句语法到语篇应用，体现语言能力与文化意识的融合|

Unit 1 The Changing World重点语法 考点一： used to结构——“过去常常……”（现在不再如此） 一、知识精讲 used to 意为“过去经常；以前常常”，后跟动词原形，表示过去的习惯性动作或状态，暗指现在不再做了。它仅用于过去时态，通常可用于所有人称。 1. 基本结构 句式 结构 示例 肯定句 主语 + used to + 动词原形 He used to live in the countryside. 否定句 主语 + didn’t use to + 动词原形 He didn’t use to be shy. 疑问句 Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形？ Did you use to walk to school? 教材原句：There used to be many old houses. ⚠️ 注意：否定句和疑问句中，did已经体现了“过去”，后面的动词必须用原形！不能说 ~~didn’t used to~~ ❌，要说 didn’t use to✅。 2. 反意疑问句 含有used to的句子，反意疑问部分用 didn’t + 主语。 示例：He used to smoke, didn’t he? 3. used to do 与 be/get used to doing 的易混辨析（高频考点！） 结构 含义 to的词性 后接 used to do 过去常常做（现在不再） 不定式符号 动词原形 be/get used to doing 习惯于做某事 介词 动名词（doing） 示例对比： · I used to get up late.（我过去常常晚起。——现在不这样了） · I am used to getting up early.（我习惯早起。——现在已经习惯了） 二、即学即用 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. My grandfather ________ (live) in the countryside, but now he lives with us in the city. 2. There ________ (be) a small river near my house, but now it's gone. 3. She ________ (not like) vegetables, but now she eats them every day. 4. ________ you ________ (walk) to school when you were in primary school? 5. I ________ (be) afraid of dogs, but now I'm not. 二、用used to do或be/get used to doing填空 1. I ________ (live) in a small village, but now I live in a big city. 2. He ________ (get up) early because he has to catch the first bus every day. 3. My father ________ (drive) to work, but now he takes the subway. 4. She is a nurse. She ________ (work) at night. 5. They ________ (play) basketball after school, but now they don't have time. 考点二：现在完成时（一）—“过去对现在的影响” 一、知识精讲 现在完成时由“have/has + 动词过去分词”构成。当主语是第三人称单数时用has，其余用have。 1. 两大核心用法 用法 说明 示例 用法一：过去动作对现在造成影响或结果 动作发生在过去，但结果或影响现在仍然存在 I have lost my key.（我现在进不去门了——丢钥匙的结果影响到现在） 用法二：动作从过去持续到现在 动作从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去 I have lived here for 10 years.（我在这里住了10年——从过去到现在） 2. 常见标志词（看到这些词，优先考虑现在完成时！） 类别 标志词 用法说明 完成类 already, just, yet already/just用于肯定句；yet用于否定句和疑问句 经历类 ever, never ever用于疑问句（“曾经”）；never用于否定句（“从未”） 持续类 for + 时间段；since + 时间点/从句 for强调时长，since强调起点 近期/截止类 so far, up to now, in the past/last few years 强调到目前为止的结果 示例： · I have already finished my homework. · Have you ever been to Beijing? · She has lived here for 5 years. / She has lived here since 2019. · Great changes have taken place in the past few years. 3. 过去分词变化规则 规则动词：变化规则与动词过去式相同 · 一般情况加 -ed：work → worked · 以e结尾加 -d：live → lived · 辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加 -ed：study → studied · 重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写后加 -ed：stop → stopped 常见不规则动词过去分词（必须熟记！） 原形 过去分词 原形 过去分词 do done go gone see seen eat eaten take taken give given write written speak spoken buy bought bring brought think thought teach taught forget forgotten get got/gotten leave left have had 二、即学即用 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. I ________ already ________ (finish) my homework. 2. She ________ never ________ (be) to Shanghai. 3. They ________ (live) in this city for 20 years. 4. ________ you ________ (see) the movie yet? 5. Great changes ________ (take) place in my hometown in the past few years. 6. He ________ just ________ (arrive) home. 7. We ________ (know) each other since we were children. 8. My father ________ (work) here since 2010. 二、用already, yet, ever, never, for, since填空 1. I have ________ been to the Great Wall. It's amazing! 2. Have you finished your homework ________? 3. She has ________ visited the UK. She wants to go there one day. 4. I have ________ seen such a beautiful sunset before. 5. We have lived here ________ 2015. 6. He has worked in this school ________ 10 years. 考点三：现在完成时（二）—“过去对现在的影响” 一、知识精讲 这是中考最高频的易混考点之一！核心记忆口诀：“去没去？回没回？待多久？” 结构 含义 关键词 示例 have/has been to + 地点 曾经去过某地（已返回） ever, never, once, twice, several times I have been to Beijing twice.（我去过北京两次——现在人不在北京） have/has gone to + 地点 去了某地（尚未返回） already, just He has gone to Shanghai.（他去上海了——人现在不在说话者这里，可能在路上或已到达） have/has been in + 地点 待在某地（持续状态） for + 时间段, since + 时间点 She has been in Beijing for 3 years.（她待在北京3年了——现在仍在北京） 💡 记忆技巧： · been to = 去过（已回）——“过”表示经历 · gone to = 去了（未回）——“了”表示还在那边 · been in = 待在（持续）——“在”表示一直待着 二、即学即用 一、用have/has been to, have/has gone to, have/has been in填空 1. —Where is your father? —He ________ Beijing. He will be back next week. 2. I ________ Shanghai twice. It's a beautiful city. 3. She ________ this school for 5 years. 4. —________ you ever ________ the Great Wall? —Yes, I have. 5. My uncle isn't here. He ________ the supermarket to buy some food. 6. They ________ the USA since 2018. 考点四：现在完成时 vs 一般过去时——“影响”与“事实”的区别 一、知识精讲 这是本单元最核心的时态辨析考点！两者都描述过去的动作，但侧重点完全不同。 对比维度 现在完成时 一般过去时 核心侧重 强调过去动作对现在的影响或结果 仅陈述过去的事实，与现在无关 时间状语 模糊时间：already, yet, ever, never, just, for, since, so far, in the past few years 明确过去时间：yesterday, last..., ...ago, just now, in + 过去年份 与现在的关系 有联系——连接过去与现在 无联系——只谈过去 📌 核心口诀： · 有明确过去时间 → 一般过去时 · 有影响/持续到现在 → 现在完成时 例句对比： 一般过去时（只谈过去） 现在完成时（强调影响/持续） He left here three years ago.（三年前离开——只陈述事实） He has been away for three years.（已经离开三年了——强调现在仍不在） I saw him yesterday.（昨天见过——只说昨天的事） I have seen him.（我见过他——强调到现在为止有过这个经历） The government planted trees last year.（去年种了树——只说去年做的事） The government has planted many trees.（种了很多树——强调现在树已经在那里了） ⚠️ 常见错误：不能说 ~~I have seen him yesterday.~~ ❌（yesterday是明确过去时间，必须用一般过去时） 二、即学即用 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空（综合运用三种时态） 1. My hometown ________ (change) a lot in the past ten years. 2. There ________ (be) no supermarkets in my village 20 years ago. 3. People ________ (travel) by bicycle in the past. 4. The government ________ (build) many new hospitals since 2015. 5. I ________ (live) here since I was born. 6. My grandfather ________ (plant) many trees in 1980. 7. The river ________ (be) clean and clear before, but now it's polluted. 词句基础练 一、单项选择 1．—I ________ find my keys anywhere. —Don’t worry. Maybe they are in your bag. A．can’t B．couldn’t C．haven’t D．don’t 2．More than two million people ________ the new train every year. A．uses B．used C．use D．has used 3．She ________ live in the countryside, but now she ________ living in the city. A．used to; is used to B．was used to; used to C．used to; used to D．is used to; is used to 4．It’s the most high‑tech library I ________ ever ________. A．have; visited B．did; visit C．will; visit D．am; visiting 5．—________ you ever ________ to the Great Wall? —Yes, I went there in 2023. A．Have; gone B．Did; go C．Have; been D．Do; go 6．—When ________ you ________ your old friend? —I ________ him last Sunday afternoon. A．did; see; saw B．have; seen; saw C．did; see; have seen D．have; seen; have seen 7．—How long ________ you ________ this dictionary? —For just a week. I think it’s very useful. A．have; bought B．have; had C．did; buy D．will; buy 8．The new bridge ________ for over two years, and it helps people travel easily. A．has opened B．has been open C．was open D．is opened 9． —Can I borrow your bike? —Sorry, I ________ it to Li Lei. He ________ it for two days. A．lent; has kept B．borrowed; has borrowed C．lent; has borrowed D．borrowed; has kept 10．—How many times ________ your brother ________ to Shanghai? —Twice. He likes the city very much. A．has; gone B．has; been C．have; been D．did; go 11．My father ________ smoking two years ago, and he ________ at all now. A．gave up; doesn’t smoke B．gives up; didn’t smoke C．gave up; won’t smoke D．gives up; isn’t smoking 12．In the past, it ________ difficult to travel in Guizhou. A．is B．was C．has been D．will be 二、完成句子 13．这条河过去很脏，但现在已经被治理得清澈见底了。   The river ________ ________ be very dirty, but now it has been cleaned up. 14．It’s the most high‑tech library I have ever visited. (改为一般疑问句) ________ it the most high‑tech library you ________ ever ________? 15．互联网的发展给人们的日常生活带来了许多便利。   The development of the Internet ________ ________ ________ ________ to people’s daily lives. 16．过去要花几个小时的旅程现在只需要半个小时。 A journey that ________ ________ ________ several hours now takes only 30 minutes. 17．我的哥哥过去常常在大城市工作，但现在他选择回到他的家乡发展。 My brother ________ ________ ________ in big cities, but now he chooses to return to his hometown to develop. 18．The movie began ten minutes ago. （改写句子） The movie ________ ________ ________ for ten minutes. 19．He joined the army three years ago. (改为同义句) He ________ ________ in the army for three years. 20．随着旅游业的发展，这个小镇成为一个旅游景点。 With the development of tourism, this small town ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. 三、翻译 21．这些变化已经极大地改善了当地人的生活。(greatly improve) _____________________________________________________ 22．过去大多数家庭都没有家用电脑。 ________________________________________ 23．我们一家以前住在一套小小的公寓，但是现在我们搬到大得多的房子里。 ________________________________________ 24．以前我的小学离家很近，所以我常常和父母一起走路去上学。 ________________________________________ 25．我的生活在很多方面都发生了变化，但有一件事始终保持不变。 ________________________________________ 语篇拔高练 一、选词填空 Passage A change  with  idea  develop  although  however  people  see  happy  they There is a special place in my heart for my hometown. It is a small town 1 beautiful mountains and rivers. The 2 here are friendly and kind. When I was a child, I used to play in the fields with my friends. We would catch butterflies and fly kites, Those were the 3 days of my life. 4 life was simple, it was full of joy. 5 as time went by, I grew up and had to leave for the city to continue my further study. Now, whenever I come back home, I feel a deep sense of warmth. The town 6 a lot over the years. New buildings have been built and the roads have been widened. Last summer, a new park was built. It is full of colourful flowers and green grass, People walk. exercise and enjoy the fresh air. I also notice that many young people have come back to start 7 own businesses. They are bringing new 8 and energy to the town. My parents still live here and they are very happy with the improvement of the town. I am proud of my hometown and its people. I believe that my hometown will continue to 9 and become even better in the future. I will always keep this place in my heart and look forward to 10 more wonderful changes. Passage B 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 slowly since photo to develop continue successful sell they good Da Meng, whose real name is Li Wei, is a “90s” boy. He was born in Honghe, Yunnan Province and used to be a photographer who travelled all over the world. In 2020, he returned 1 his hometown and was surprised to find many avocado (牛油果) trees growing there. He decided to use his skills to help his hometown. He started by taking 2 to show the changes in his hometown. He also recorded local people’s lives. “I want to catch the moments of these people’s lives and the rich culture here,” Li said. He believed his photos could help the town’s 3 . Later, Li began planting avocados. However, the trees grew 4 and took years to produce fruits. 5 his new trees were still young, he bought avocados from local farmers and worked with them. He then 6 them online. He also organized many activities to encourage the villagers to grow more avocado trees. With his photography skills, he showed people the avocados well through photos. This greatly helped the avocados from his hometown become popular because customers trusted 7 quality. Li’s idea proved to be 8 . It helps his hometown a lot. Now, his small town produces most of China’s avocados. And farmers’ lives get richer and 9 . Li Wei will 10 working hard to grow the avocado business. It will need more farmers’ help. Therefore, more farmers will be required to join. Passage C 请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余选项。 government they product bad and local convenient warm online Kenyan who experience China has made great achievements during these years. Recently, many foreigners came to visit rural China (中国农村). What is the beauty of rural China in these people’s eyes? Gina, from 1 ,returns to the village that she visited two years earlier. The local people are still friendly and 2 . She invites the villagers to take pictures this time. During her trip, she finds that everyone in the village lives a life that is similar to the life of people in the city. There are also parks 3 libraries. People can not only enjoy 4 in the park but also learn something new in the library. The 5 also sends teachers to help schools, so students there have chances to receive a much better education. What a happy life they are living! What else? Saran from the UK says transportation is more 6 . High-speed trains and private cars can take people everywhere. He even saw some drones in farming and many other high-tech 7 were used to help with business. People can order what they need and pay through WeChat. Some farmers even sell their goods 8 . It is different from what happened at the end of the last century. Perhaps you can’t imagine an American living in rural Yunnan. The American businessman is Linden. He is attracted by the 9 culture and festival celebrations. He wants to 10 the changes in rural China. It is great pleasure for him. If he has to express the pleasure in one word, it will be “hope”. Passage D create  in  possible  they  still  government  chance  but  hard  change In recent years, more and more young Chinese students are choosing to return to their homeland after studying abroad. 28-year-old Jiang Yumeng is one of 1 . She shares her views. “In China, ordering food and shopping online are fast and affordable,” she says. “But for international students with certain majors, it’s much 2 to find jobs as good as those in China.” Jiang holds a master’s degree in education from Johns Hopkins University in America 3 she teaches at the Aerospace City School in Beijing now. She was born 4 Qinhuangdao, a port city in Hebei Province. Jiang 5 remembers her parents talking about their lives at her age. Today, Jiang lives in a flat in the north of Beijing. She travels whenever it is 6 . “Thanks to China’s reform and opening-up policy, young people have more 7 to travel abroad and understand the differences between China and other countries now,” she explains. During her time in the U.S., Jiang noticed many local media reports were biased (有偏见的) and based on old views. “If they traveled widely in China, they would see how much the country has 8 over the past 10 or 20 years. Over the last ten years, the Chinese 9 has introduced a series of policies, from the central to local levels. These policies can 10 better living conditions for returning overseas students. 二、短文填空 Passage E 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内词语的正确形式。 Great changes 1 (take) place in Sunshine Town over the past twenty years. I 2 (live) here since I was born. When I was a child, the roads were narrow and rough. People 3 (use) to walk or ride bikes to go to work. There 4 (be) no supermarkets, so we had to buy food in small shops. In 2010, the local government 5 (decide) to develop the town. They 6 (build) wide highways and a modern railway station. Now, we can travel to the city center in just 20 minutes. E-payment 7 (become) popular since 2018. We don’t need to carry cash anymore. The biggest change is the environment. The hills 8 (cover) with green trees now. Many tourists 9 (visit) our town every year. I 10 (never see) such a beautiful hometown before. I am proud of these changes! Passage F I have been away from my hometown for ten years. Last weekend, I returned to my hometown 1 I lost my way! Great changes have taken place 2 the reform and opening-up. There are electric cars everywhere in the wide streets. But I can still breathe the fresh air just like before. The government took measures 3 (improve) people’s living conditions. In order to make people get good medical treatment in time, the government 4 (offer) much money to start the NCMS (新型农村合作医疗). Whenever they go to the hospital, they pay only a little for it. Besides, the government helped the villagers open the Joyous Farmer’s House (农家乐). 5 (thousand) of visitors all over the country come here for their holidays. The farmers are getting richer and richer. And thanks 6 the better transportation,the children in the countryside can get a good 7 (educate) now. In general, the government is trying its best 8 (help) people. People now keep in touch with their friends and relatives more often by 9 (use) phones and the internet instead of sending letters. And every family has its 10 (own) washing machine. People don’t need to wash heavy clothes by hand any more. And old people can get good medical care. I’m very happy to see these great changes in my hometown. Passage G Many students often wonder 1 joint international projects can bring great changes to people’s daily lives. The Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway can give us a clear answer. The project 2 (complete) and put into operation in 2023 with full Chinese technology support. In the past, it 3 (take) local passengers more than three hours to travel between the two Indonesian cities by traditional trains. Since the high-speed rail opened to the public, it 4 (bring) huge convenience to Indonesian citizens. Lots of tourists choose to take this HSR to visit local scenic spots, and small shops along the rail 5 (gain) more customers in the past three years. Local businessmen can transport goods much faster and take advantage 6 lower transport costs. Young Indonesian workers who once dreamed of working overseas 7 (return) to local rail service jobs. Experts believe that as long as countries cooperate closely, they 8 (create) more valuable shared projects in the future. This high-speed rail shows us that joint efforts 9 (make) our world better over time, and we should keep looking forward 10 more win-win international programs. Passage H In 2017, the new 480‑kilometre Mombasa‑Nairobi railway was 1 (open). Before then, the only transport links between Mombasa, Kenya’s main port, and Nairobi, Kenya’s capital, were rough roads and 2 old railway line built in 1901. The old trains were very slow. It took 10 hours 3 (get) to Nairobi from Mombasa by train. 4 , the new railway, built with China’s help, has already cut the travel time between Mombasa and Nairobi to about four hours for passengers. Now, 5 (many) than two million people use it every year. Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway. A government worker said, “I’m very happy 6 the new railway built by our Chinese friends. Many changes have taken place in the town over the last few years, and the people who live here have become rich.” A businessman said, “My experience of 7 (use) the train since 2017 has been good. It is very convenient and doesn’t cost much money. I am able to get to places 8 time and make business deals with ease.” The railway has also made the transport of food easier. “Food used to take hundreds of lorries to carry between the two 9 (city), but now it takes only two or three trains,” said a supermarket manager. As a result, people now have more fresh food to eat. Although China and Kenya are far away from each other, the railway shows how different countries can work together 10 (build) a better world. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 The Changing World重点语法 考点一： used to结构——“过去常常……”（现在不再如此） 一、知识精讲 used to 意为“过去经常；以前常常”，后跟动词原形，表示过去的习惯性动作或状态，暗指现在不再做了。它仅用于过去时态，通常可用于所有人称。 1. 基本结构 句式 结构 示例 肯定句 主语 + used to + 动词原形 He used to live in the countryside. 否定句 主语 + didn’t use to + 动词原形 He didn’t use to be shy. 疑问句 Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形？ Did you use to walk to school? 教材原句：There used to be many old houses. ⚠️ 注意：否定句和疑问句中，did已经体现了“过去”，后面的动词必须用原形！不能说 ~~didn’t used to~~ ❌，要说 didn’t use to✅。 2. 反意疑问句 含有used to的句子，反意疑问部分用 didn’t + 主语。 示例：He used to smoke, didn’t he? 3. used to do 与 be/get used to doing 的易混辨析（高频考点！） 结构 含义 to的词性 后接 used to do 过去常常做（现在不再） 不定式符号 动词原形 be/get used to doing 习惯于做某事 介词 动名词（doing） 示例对比： · I used to get up late.（我过去常常晚起。——现在不这样了） · I am used to getting up early.（我习惯早起。——现在已经习惯了） 二、即学即用 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. My grandfather ________ (live) in the countryside, but now he lives with us in the city. 2. There ________ (be) a small river near my house, but now it's gone. 3. She ________ (not like) vegetables, but now she eats them every day. 4. ________ you ________ (walk) to school when you were in primary school? 5. I ________ (be) afraid of dogs, but now I'm not. 参考答案：1. used to live　2. used to be　3. didn't use to like　4. Did; use to walk　5. used to be 二、用used to do或be/get used to doing填空 1. I ________ (live) in a small village, but now I live in a big city. 2. He ________ (get up) early because he has to catch the first bus every day. 3. My father ________ (drive) to work, but now he takes the subway. 4. She is a nurse. She ________ (work) at night. 5. They ________ (play) basketball after school, but now they don't have time. 参考答案：1. used to live　2. is used to getting up　3. used to drive　4. is used to working　5. used to play 考点二：现在完成时（一）—“过去对现在的影响” 一、知识精讲 现在完成时由“have/has + 动词过去分词”构成。当主语是第三人称单数时用has，其余用have。 1. 两大核心用法 用法 说明 示例 用法一：过去动作对现在造成影响或结果 动作发生在过去，但结果或影响现在仍然存在 I have lost my key.（我现在进不去门了——丢钥匙的结果影响到现在） 用法二：动作从过去持续到现在 动作从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去 I have lived here for 10 years.（我在这里住了10年——从过去到现在） 2. 常见标志词（看到这些词，优先考虑现在完成时！） 类别 标志词 用法说明 完成类 already, just, yet already/just用于肯定句；yet用于否定句和疑问句 经历类 ever, never ever用于疑问句（“曾经”）；never用于否定句（“从未”） 持续类 for + 时间段；since + 时间点/从句 for强调时长，since强调起点 近期/截止类 so far, up to now, in the past/last few years 强调到目前为止的结果 示例： · I have already finished my homework. · Have you ever been to Beijing? · She has lived here for 5 years. / She has lived here since 2019. · Great changes have taken place in the past few years. 3. 过去分词变化规则 规则动词：变化规则与动词过去式相同 · 一般情况加 -ed：work → worked · 以e结尾加 -d：live → lived · 辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加 -ed：study → studied · 重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写后加 -ed：stop → stopped 常见不规则动词过去分词（必须熟记！） 原形 过去分词 原形 过去分词 do done go gone see seen eat eaten take taken give given write written speak spoken buy bought bring brought think thought teach taught forget forgotten get got/gotten leave left have had 二、即学即用 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. I ________ already ________ (finish) my homework. 2. She ________ never ________ (be) to Shanghai. 3. They ________ (live) in this city for 20 years. 4. ________ you ________ (see) the movie yet? 5. Great changes ________ (take) place in my hometown in the past few years. 6. He ________ just ________ (arrive) home. 7. We ________ (know) each other since we were children. 8. My father ________ (work) here since 2010. 参考答案：1.have; finished　2. has; been　3. have lived　4. Have; seen　5. have taken　6. has; arrived　7. have known　8. has worked 二、用already, yet, ever, never, for, since填空 1. I have ________ been to the Great Wall. It's amazing! 2. Have you finished your homework ________? 3. She has ________ visited the UK. She wants to go there one day. 4. I have ________ seen such a beautiful sunset before. 5. We have lived here ________ 2015. 6. He has worked in this school ________ 10 years. 参考答案：1.ever　2. yet　3. never　4. never　5. since　6. for 考点三：现在完成时（二）—“过去对现在的影响” 一、知识精讲 这是中考最高频的易混考点之一！核心记忆口诀：“去没去？回没回？待多久？” 结构 含义 关键词 示例 have/has been to + 地点 曾经去过某地（已返回） ever, never, once, twice, several times I have been to Beijing twice.（我去过北京两次——现在人不在北京） have/has gone to + 地点 去了某地（尚未返回） already, just He has gone to Shanghai.（他去上海了——人现在不在说话者这里，可能在路上或已到达） have/has been in + 地点 待在某地（持续状态） for + 时间段, since + 时间点 She has been in Beijing for 3 years.（她待在北京3年了——现在仍在北京） 💡 记忆技巧： · been to = 去过（已回）——“过”表示经历 · gone to = 去了（未回）——“了”表示还在那边 · been in = 待在（持续）——“在”表示一直待着 二、即学即用 一、用have/has been to, have/has gone to, have/has been in填空 1. —Where is your father? —He ________ Beijing. He will be back next week. 2. I ________ Shanghai twice. It's a beautiful city. 3. She ________ this school for 5 years. 4. —________ you ever ________ the Great Wall? —Yes, I have. 5. My uncle isn't here. He ________ the supermarket to buy some food. 6. They ________ the USA since 2018. 参考答案：1. has gone to　2. have been to　3. has been in　4. Have; been to　5. has gone to　6. have been in 考点四：现在完成时 vs 一般过去时——“影响”与“事实”的区别 一、知识精讲 这是本单元最核心的时态辨析考点！两者都描述过去的动作，但侧重点完全不同。 对比维度 现在完成时 一般过去时 核心侧重 强调过去动作对现在的影响或结果 仅陈述过去的事实，与现在无关 时间状语 模糊时间：already, yet, ever, never, just, for, since, so far, in the past few years 明确过去时间：yesterday, last..., ...ago, just now, in + 过去年份 与现在的关系 有联系——连接过去与现在 无联系——只谈过去 📌 核心口诀： · 有明确过去时间 → 一般过去时 · 有影响/持续到现在 → 现在完成时 例句对比： 一般过去时（只谈过去） 现在完成时（强调影响/持续） He left here three years ago.（三年前离开——只陈述事实） He has been away for three years.（已经离开三年了——强调现在仍不在） I saw him yesterday.（昨天见过——只说昨天的事） I have seen him.（我见过他——强调到现在为止有过这个经历） The government planted trees last year.（去年种了树——只说去年做的事） The government has planted many trees.（种了很多树——强调现在树已经在那里了） ⚠️ 常见错误：不能说 ~~I have seen him yesterday.~~ ❌（yesterday是明确过去时间，必须用一般过去时） 二、即学即用 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空（综合运用三种时态） 1. My hometown ________ (change) a lot in the past ten years. 2. There ________ (be) no supermarkets in my village 20 years ago. 3. People ________ (travel) by bicycle in the past. 4. The government ________ (build) many new hospitals since 2015. 5. I ________ (live) here since I was born. 6. My grandfather ________ (plant) many trees in 1980. 7. The river ________ (be) clean and clear before, but now it's polluted. 参考答案：1. has changed　2. were　3. used to travel　4. has built　5. have lived　6. planted　7. used to be 词句基础练 一、单项选择 1．—I ________ find my keys anywhere. —Don’t worry. Maybe they are in your bag. A．can’t B．couldn’t C．haven’t D．don’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我到处都不能找到我的钥匙。——别担心。也许它们在你的包里。 can’t不能；couldn’t不能（过去式）；haven’t没有；don’t不。本句表达现在没有能力、无法找到钥匙，应用一般现在时。情态动词can的否定形式can’t意为“不能、无法”，后接动词原形find，表示现在找不到。couldn’t是can’t的过去式，表示过去没有能力。haven’t不能直接接动词原形find。don’t find是助动词否定，侧重“不去找”，不表示“找不到”，应填can’t。 2．More than two million people ________ the new train every year. A．uses B．used C．use D．has used 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每年有两百多万人乘坐这辆新火车。 根据时间状语“every year”可知，句子描述经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时。主语“people”是复数名词，谓语动词用原形。故填use。 3．She ________ live in the countryside, but now she ________ living in the city. A．used to; is used to B．was used to; used to C．used to; used to D．is used to; is used to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她过去常常住在乡下，但现在她习惯于住在城市里。 used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”，后接动词原形；be used to doing sth.表示“习惯于做某事”，后接动名词。根据第一空后live可知用used to，根据第二空后living及now可知用is used to。 4．It’s the most high‑tech library I ________ ever ________. A．have; visited B．did; visit C．will; visit D．am; visiting 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这是我曾经参观过的最高科技的图书馆。 句中出现了最高级“the most high-tech”以及标志词“ever”，在“这是某人曾经做过的最……的事情”句型中，定语从句通常使用现在完成时，表示已完成的动作对现在的影响，结构为have/has + done。 5．—________ you ever ________ to the Great Wall? —Yes, I went there in 2023. A．Have; gone B．Did; go C．Have; been D．Do; go 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你曾经去过长城吗？——是的，我2023年去过那里。 根据关键词“ever”可知问句应用现在完成时，排除B、D选项。have been to表示“去过某地（已回）”，强调经历；have gone to表示“去了某地（未回）”。结合答语可知说话人有过该经历且已返回，应用have been to。 6．—When ________ you ________ your old friend? —I ________ him last Sunday afternoon. A．did; see; saw B．have; seen; saw C．did; see; have seen D．have; seen; have seen 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你什么时候见到你的老朋友的？——我上周日下午见到他的。 根据答语中具体过去时间状语“last Sunday afternoon”可知，句子应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式saw；问句中When提问具体过去时间，助动词用did，后接动词原形see。应填did; see; saw。 7．—How long ________ you ________ this dictionary? —For just a week. I think it’s very useful. A．have; bought B．have; had C．did; buy D．will; buy 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你拥有这本字典多久了？——仅仅一周。我觉得它很有用。 根据“How long”及答语“For just a week”可知，句子应用现在完成时，且谓语动词需为延续性动词。buy是瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用；have表示“拥有”，是延续性动词。现在完成时结构是“have/has+过去分词”，主语是you，第一空填助动词have，第二空是have的过去分词had。 8．The new bridge ________ for over two years, and it helps people travel easily. A．has opened B．has been open C．was open D．is opened 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这座新桥已经开通两年多了，它帮助人们轻松出行。 句中“for over two years”是持续时间段，表示状态从过去一直持续到现在，要使用现在完成时，谓语需要具备延续含义。has opened中open作动词意为“开放”，是短暂性动词，不能和for+时间段连用；was open一般过去时，仅表示过去的状态，暗含现在已经不再开放；is opened一般现在时被动语态，强调“被开通”这个瞬间动作，不能与for+时间段连用；has been open中open是形容词，be open表示“开放的”，是延续状态。现在完成时has been open可以与时间段连用，表示从过去持续至今，应填has been open。 9． —Can I borrow your bike? —Sorry, I ________ it to Li Lei. He ________ it for two days. A．lent; has kept B．borrowed; has borrowed C．lent; has borrowed D．borrowed; has kept 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我能借你的自行车吗？——对不起，我把它借给李磊了。他已经借了两天了。 lend借出，borrow借入，keep保留。第一空，表示“把车借给李磊”，lend sth to sb表示“把某物借给某人”，lend的过去式是lent；第二空，根据时间状语“for two days”可知，谓语动词需用延续性动词，borrow为瞬间动词，keep为延续性动词，故用has kept。 10．—How many times ________ your brother ________ to Shanghai? —Twice. He likes the city very much. A．has; gone B．has; been C．have; been D．did; go 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你哥哥去过上海多少次？——两次。他非常喜欢这座城市。 根据答语Twice可知询问的是过去的经历，应用现在完成时，表示“去过某地（已回）”用have been to，表示“去了某地（未回）”用have gone to，此处指经历，排除A、D；主语your brother是第三人称单数，助动词应用has，排除C。故选B。 11．My father ________ smoking two years ago, and he ________ at all now. A．gave up; doesn’t smoke B．gives up; didn’t smoke C．gave up; won’t smoke D．gives up; isn’t smoking 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我父亲两年前戒烟了，他现在根本不抽烟。 根据时间状语two years ago可知，第一空描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，give的过去式为gave；根据时间状语now可知，第二空描述现在的状态，应用一般现在时，主语he是第三人称单数，否定句借助助动词doesn’t。故选A。 12．In the past, it ________ difficult to travel in Guizhou. A．is B．was C．has been D．will be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在过去，在贵州出行很困难。 is一般现在时；was一般过去时；has been现在完成时；will be一般将来时。根据句意可知，时间标志In the past表示过去，要用一般过去时，应用was。 二、完成句子 13．这条河过去很脏，但现在已经被治理得清澈见底了。   The river ________ ________ be very dirty, but now it has been cleaned up. 【答案】 used to 【详解】原句中“过去”是关键词，表示“过去常常”的短语是used to。本句描述过去的状态，used to后接动词原形。 14．It’s the most high‑tech library I have ever visited. (改为一般疑问句) ________ it the most high‑tech library you ________ ever ________? 【答案】 Is have visited 【详解】句意：这是我参观过的科技含量最高的图书馆。本句含有be动词is，变一般疑问句要把is提到句首并大写首字母为Is；现在完成时从句中I要变为you，助动词have保留，后面接过去分词visited。 15．互联网的发展给人们的日常生活带来了许多便利。   The development of the Internet ________ ________ ________ ________ to people’s daily lives. 【答案】 has brought much convenience 【详解】原句中“带来了”是关键词，此处表示过去的动作对现在产生影响，应用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”。主语“The development”为单数，助动词用has；bring的过去分词为brought，convenience意为“便利”，为不可数名词，表示“许多”需用much修饰，空处需填has brought much convenience。 16．过去要花几个小时的旅程现在只需要半个小时。 A journey that ________ ________ ________ several hours now takes only 30 minutes. 【答案】 used to take 【详解】原句中“过去要花”是关键词，对应结构“used to do sth.”，表示“过去常常做某事（现在不这样）”，定语从句先行词为journey，从句谓语用used to take。 17．我的哥哥过去常常在大城市工作，但现在他选择回到他的家乡发展。 My brother ________ ________ ________ in big cities, but now he chooses to return to his hometown to develop. 【答案】 used to work 【详解】原句中“过去常常”以及“工作”是关键词，表示“过去常常做某事”的短语为“used to do sth.”；表示“工作”的动词为work，此处需用动词原形。 18．The movie began ten minutes ago. （改写句子） The movie ________ ________ ________ for ten minutes. 【答案】 has been on 【详解】句意：电影十分钟前开始了。begin和be on都表示电影开始，但begin是短暂性动词不能与时间段“for ten minutes.”连用，需变成be on，主语为单数，助动词用has，故填has been on。 19．He joined the army three years ago. (改为同义句) He ________ ________ in the army for three years. 【答案】 has been 【详解】句意：他三年前参军了。join the army和be in the army都表示“参军”。但join是瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用，需改为延续性状态be的现在完成时have/has been，主语为第三人称单数，用has。故填has；been。 20．随着旅游业的发展，这个小镇成为一个旅游景点。 With the development of tourism, this small town ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. 【答案】 has become a tourist attraction 【详解】原句中“成为”和“一个旅游景点”是关键词，表示“成为”的单词是become，本句动作已经完成且对现在造成影响，要用现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语this small town是单数，助动词用has，become的过去分词还是become。“一个旅游景点”对应短语a tourist attraction，可数名词单数前面需要加不定冠词a。故填has；become；a；tourist；attraction。 三、翻译 21．这些变化已经极大地改善了当地人的生活。(greatly improve) _____________________________________________________ 【答案】These changes have greatly improved local people’s lives. 【详解】“这些变化已经极大地改善了当地人的生活。”译为“These changes have greatly improved local people’s lives.”。句子强调动作已经完成并对现在造成影响，时态为现在完成时；主语These changes为复数，助动词使用have；副词greatly修饰谓语动词；表示“改善”用动词improve，过去分词为improved；local people’s为名词所有格，修饰后面名词lives；表示“生活”此处用复数lives。 22．过去大多数家庭都没有家用电脑。 ________________________________________ 【答案】Most families didn’t have computers in their homes. 【详解】“过去大多数家庭都没有家用电脑。”译为“Most families didn’t have computers in their homes.”。“过去”表明用一般过去时。“大多数家庭”用Most families；“没有家用电脑”即“在他们的家中没有电脑”；“没有”用didn’t have，一般过去时否定用didn’t后接动词原形have；“电脑”用computers，复数形式表泛指；“在他们的家中”用in their homes。 23．我们一家以前住在一套小小的公寓，但是现在我们搬到大得多的房子里。 ________________________________________ 【答案】My family used to live in a small flat, but now we have moved to a much larger one. 【详解】“我们一家以前住在一套小小的公寓，但是现在我们搬到大得多的房子里”译为“My family used to live in a small flat, but now we have moved to a much larger one”。其中used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”；flat意为“公寓”；much larger“大得多”，much修饰比较级；one指代前文提到的住所，避免重复。        24．以前我的小学离家很近，所以我常常和父母一起走路去上学。 ________________________________________ 【答案】My primary school was near my home, so I used to walk to school with my parents. 【详解】“以前我的小学离家很近，所以我常常和父母一起走路去上学”译为My primary school was near my home, so I used to walk to school with my parents。其中“以前”通过一般过去时was体现时间背景；“我的小学”用My primary school，作主语；“离家很近”用was near my home，系表结构作谓语；“所以”用so，连词，连接表因果关系的两个分句；“我”用I，作并列分句的主语；“常常”用used to，表示过去习惯性动作，后接动词原形walk“走路”；“去上学”用to school，作方向状语；“和父母一起”用with my parents，作伴随状语。 25．我的生活在很多方面都发生了变化，但有一件事始终保持不变。 ________________________________________ 【答案】My life has changed in many ways, but one thing stays the same. 【详解】“我的生活在很多方面都发生了变化，但有一件事始终保持不变”译为“My life has changed in many ways, but one thing stays the same”。“我的生活”译为“my life”；“在很多方面”用“in many ways”；“发生变化”用现在完成时“has changed”；but表转折，one thing第三人称单数作主语，stays作谓语，一般现在时，表示一种持续的状态。“保持不变”可用“stays the same”。 语篇拔高练 一、选词填空 Passage A change  with  idea  develop  although  however  people  see  happy  they There is a special place in my heart for my hometown. It is a small town 1 beautiful mountains and rivers. The 2 here are friendly and kind. When I was a child, I used to play in the fields with my friends. We would catch butterflies and fly kites, Those were the 3 days of my life. 4 life was simple, it was full of joy. 5 as time went by, I grew up and had to leave for the city to continue my further study. Now, whenever I come back home, I feel a deep sense of warmth. The town 6 a lot over the years. New buildings have been built and the roads have been widened. Last summer, a new park was built. It is full of colourful flowers and green grass, People walk. exercise and enjoy the fresh air. I also notice that many young people have come back to start 7 own businesses. They are bringing new 8 and energy to the town. My parents still live here and they are very happy with the improvement of the town. I am proud of my hometown and its people. I believe that my hometown will continue to 9 and become even better in the future. I will always keep this place in my heart and look forward to 10 more wonderful changes. 【答案】 1．with 2．people 3．happiest 4．Although 5．However 6．has changed 7．their 8．ideas 9．develop 10．seeing 【导语】本文讲述了作者对家乡的深厚情感，通过回忆童年趣事、描述家乡近年来的发展与变化，以及表达对未来美好愿景，展现了家乡在物质与精神层面的双重进步。 【详解】1．句意：在我的心中有一个特别的地方给我的家乡。它是一个有着美丽山水的小镇。此处需要一个介词作定语，表示“拥有/带有”。根据语境，“美丽山水”是小镇的特征，所以选择with。 2．句意：这里的人们友好且善良。此处需要一个名词作主语，根据后文“friendly and kind”描述人的品质，所以选择people。 3．句意：那是我生命中最快乐的日子。此处需要一个形容词作定语，修饰“days”，且隐含比较范围，应用最高级，前文描述童年玩耍场景，后文“of my life”提示回忆范围，表明这些日子在作者一生中具有最高程度的快乐，所以选择happy的最高级形式happiest。 4．句意：虽然生活简单，但充满了快乐。此处需要一个连词引导让步状语从句，前文强调“simple”，后文“full of joy”形成对比，表让步关系。所以选择Although，且句首首字母大写。 5．句意：然而，随着时间流逝，我长大了，不得不动身前往城市继续深造。此处需要一个副词作状语，前文讲述童年无忧无虑的快乐，后文“grew up”“leave for the city”转向成长的无奈与离别，表示转折，且后有逗号隔开。所以选择However，句首首字母大写。 6．句意：这个小镇这些年变化很大。此处需要一个谓语动词，时态由“over the years”提示为现在完成时，前文提到“I grew up”和“left for the city”，后文描述“New buildings have been built”等现状，说明变化从过去持续至今，所以选择change的现在完成时has changed。 7．句意：我注意到许多年轻人已经回来开始他们自己的事业。此处需要一个形容词性物主代词修饰“own businesses”。所以选择they的形容词性物主代词形式their。 8．句意：他们正在给小镇带来新的想法和活力。此处需要一个名词作宾语，且被“new”修饰，表复数概念。前文提到年轻人回乡创业，后文“energy”并列，且“new”修饰，说明他们带回的是创新性的“想法”，所以选择idea的复数形式ideas。 9．句意：“我相信我的家乡在未来将继续发展并且变得更好。”此处需要动词原形，在“continue to”后接不定式。前文描述家乡已有变化，后文“become even better”为未来展望，且“continue to”后接动词原形，表示“持续发展”。所以选择develop。 10．句意：“我将永远把这个地方放在心里，并期待看到更多精彩的变化。”此处需要动名词作“look forward to”的宾语。前文作者表达对家乡的眷恋与自豪，后文“more wonderful changes”为未来期许，表示“期待看到”。所以选择see的动名词形式seeing。 Passage B 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 slowly since photo to develop continue successful sell they good Da Meng, whose real name is Li Wei, is a “90s” boy. He was born in Honghe, Yunnan Province and used to be a photographer who travelled all over the world. In 2020, he returned 1 his hometown and was surprised to find many avocado (牛油果) trees growing there. He decided to use his skills to help his hometown. He started by taking 2 to show the changes in his hometown. He also recorded local people’s lives. “I want to catch the moments of these people’s lives and the rich culture here,” Li said. He believed his photos could help the town’s 3 . Later, Li began planting avocados. However, the trees grew 4 and took years to produce fruits. 5 his new trees were still young, he bought avocados from local farmers and worked with them. He then 6 them online. He also organized many activities to encourage the villagers to grow more avocado trees. With his photography skills, he showed people the avocados well through photos. This greatly helped the avocados from his hometown become popular because customers trusted 7 quality. Li’s idea proved to be 8 . It helps his hometown a lot. Now, his small town produces most of China’s avocados. And farmers’ lives get richer and 9 . Li Wei will 10 working hard to grow the avocado business. It will need more farmers’ help. Therefore, more farmers will be required to join. 【答案】 1．to 2．photos 3．development 4．slowly 5．Since 6．sold 7．their 8．successful 9．better 10．continue 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述90后青年李伟，运用摄影特长宣传家乡，还带动当地种植、线上售卖牛油果，助力家乡牛油果产业发展，让村民生活变得富裕，并且他还会继续推进这项事业。 【详解】1．句意：2020年，他回到家乡，惊讶地发现那里长着许多牛油果树。return to意为“返回到”，搭配介词to，后面跟地点。 2．句意：他开始通过拍照片来展示家乡的变化。take photos“拍照”；photo是可数名词，用复数表泛指。 3．句意：他相信他的照片可以助力小镇的发展。the town’s是名词所有格，后面接名词，李伟所做的事情是帮助家乡发展，develop是动词“发展”，需要变为名词development。 4．句意：然而，树木生长缓慢，需要几年才能结果。grew是动词grow的过去式，要用副词修饰动词；根据“took years to produce fruits”可知，生长很慢，副词slowly “缓慢地”符合语境。 5．句意：由于他新种的树还小，他就从当地农户手里收购牛油果，和他们合作。横线处需要连词引导从句，且解释后一句“从农户手里购买牛油果”的原因，所以用连词since“由于；因为”引导原因状语从句，且位于句首，首字母需大写。 6．句意：然后他在网上售卖它们。横线处需要动词作谓语，宾语them指代牛油果，此处指在网上“售卖”sell牛油果，全文主要讲述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，sell变过去式sold。 7．句意：这大大帮助了家乡的牛油果走红，因为顾客信任它们的品质。横线处需要形容词性物主代词作定语，修饰名词quality，指代牛油果的品质，they变为形容词性物主代词their，表示“它们的品质”。 8．句意：李伟的想法被证明是成功的。be动词后接形容词作表语，后一句告诉我们李伟的想法帮助家乡发展，所以他的想法是successful“成功的”。 9．句意：农户的生活变得越来越富足美好。and连接并列成分，前文richer是形容词比较级，此处也应填入形容词比较级，在李伟的帮助下，家乡发展更好，农户生活也更美好，形容词good的比较级better“更好的”符合语境。 10．句意：李伟会继续努力把牛油果产业做大。will后接动词原形，continue doing sth.“继续做某事”，此处表示李伟将会再接再厉，和农户们一起做大产业。动词continue“继续”符合语境和语法。 Passage C 请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余选项。 government they product bad and local convenient warm online Kenyan who experience China has made great achievements during these years. Recently, many foreigners came to visit rural China (中国农村). What is the beauty of rural China in these people’s eyes? Gina, from 1 ,returns to the village that she visited two years earlier. The local people are still friendly and 2 . She invites the villagers to take pictures this time. During her trip, she finds that everyone in the village lives a life that is similar to the life of people in the city. There are also parks 3 libraries. People can not only enjoy 4 in the park but also learn something new in the library. The 5 also sends teachers to help schools, so students there have chances to receive a much better education. What a happy life they are living! What else? Saran from the UK says transportation is more 6 . High-speed trains and private cars can take people everywhere. He even saw some drones in farming and many other high-tech 7 were used to help with business. People can order what they need and pay through WeChat. Some farmers even sell their goods 8 . It is different from what happened at the end of the last century. Perhaps you can’t imagine an American living in rural Yunnan. The American businessman is Linden. He is attracted by the 9 culture and festival celebrations. He wants to 10 the changes in rural China. It is great pleasure for him. If he has to express the pleasure in one word, it will be “hope”. 【答案】 1．Kenya 2．warm 3．and 4．themselves 5．government 6．convenient 7．products 8．online 9．local 10．experience 【导语】本文讲述多名外国人到访中国农村，他们看到农村生活改善、教育进步、交通便利、科技助力生产，感受到中国乡村发展带来的巨大变化。 【详解】1．句意：来自肯尼亚的吉娜回到了她两年前参观过的村庄。此处表示来自某处，结合备选词，Kenyan表示“肯尼亚人”，此处指“来自肯尼亚”，需用名词Kenya“肯尼亚”。应填Kenya。 2．句意：当地人仍然友好且热情。and连接并列形容词，结合“friendly（友好的）”，备选词warm“热情的”符合语境，与friendly构成并列关系。应填warm。 3．句意：这里也有公园和图书馆。parks和libraries是并列的地点名词，备选词and“和”用于连接并列成分，符合语境。应填and。 4．句意：人们不仅可以在公园里玩得开心，还可以在图书馆里学习新东西。“enjoy themselves”是固定搭配，意为“玩得开心”，结合备选词they，需变形为反身代词themselves。应填themselves。 5．句意：政府也派老师帮助学校，所以那里的学生有机会接受更好的教育。结合语境，“派老师到学校”的主体通常是政府，备选词government“政府”符合逻辑。应填government。 6．句意：来自英国的萨兰说交通更便利了。根据“High-speed trains and private cars can take people everywhere”可知交通变得便利，备选词convenient“便利的”符合语境。应填convenient。 7．句意：他甚至在农业中看到了一些无人机，许多其他高科技产品被用来帮助商业。结合“were used to help with business”可知是被用来帮助商业的产品，many后接可数名词复数，备选词product“产品”的复数形式products符合语境。应填products。 8．句意：一些农民甚至在网上销售他们的商品。结合“order what they need and pay through WeChat”的语境，备选词online“在线地”符合“网上销售”的逻辑。应填online。 9．句意：他被当地的文化和节日庆典所吸引。此处修饰名词culture，备选词local“当地的”符合语境，指当地的文化。应填local。 10．句意：他想体验中国农村的变化。want to后接动词原形，备选词experience“体验”符合语境，指体验变化。应填experience。 Passage D create  in  possible  they  still  government  chance  but  hard  change In recent years, more and more young Chinese students are choosing to return to their homeland after studying abroad. 28-year-old Jiang Yumeng is one of 1 . She shares her views. “In China, ordering food and shopping online are fast and affordable,” she says. “But for international students with certain majors, it’s much 2 to find jobs as good as those in China.” Jiang holds a master’s degree in education from Johns Hopkins University in America 3 she teaches at the Aerospace City School in Beijing now. She was born 4 Qinhuangdao, a port city in Hebei Province. Jiang 5 remembers her parents talking about their lives at her age. Today, Jiang lives in a flat in the north of Beijing. She travels whenever it is 6 . “Thanks to China’s reform and opening-up policy, young people have more 7 to travel abroad and understand the differences between China and other countries now,” she explains. During her time in the U.S., Jiang noticed many local media reports were biased (有偏见的) and based on old views. “If they traveled widely in China, they would see how much the country has 8 over the past 10 or 20 years. Over the last ten years, the Chinese 9 has introduced a series of policies, from the central to local levels. These policies can 10 better living conditions for returning overseas students. 【答案】 1．them 2．harder 3．but 4．in 5．still 6．possible 7．chances 8．changed 9．government 10．create 【导语】本文主要通过留美归国硕士Jiang Yumeng的个人经历与视角，展现了当代中国在生活便利度、国际化机遇以及吸引海外留学生回国创业就业政策等方面的巨大发展与变迁。 【详解】1．句意：28岁的Jiang Yumeng就是他们中的一员。此处需要一个人称代词宾格，在句中作介词“of”的宾语。根据前句“more and more young Chinese students are choosing to return...”可知，此处指代前文提到的年轻中国留学生群体，构成one of them表示“他们中的一员”，所以选择they变为宾格形式them，意为“他们”。 2．句意：“但对于部分专业的留学生来说，在国外很难找到和国内一样好的工作。”此处需要一个形容词的比较级形式，在句中作表语，且被程度副词“much”修饰。根据前文提到中国生活便捷实惠以及转折词“But”可知，此处对比指出对于某些专业的留学生而言在国外找到同样好的工作更加“困难”，hard对应的比较级为harder，所以选择hard变为比较级harder，意为“更困难的”。 3．句意：Jiang Yumeng拥有美国约翰斯・霍普金斯大学教育学硕士学位，但她现在在北京航天城学校任教。此处需要一个并列连词，在句中连接两个并列分句。根据前半句提到她在美获得硕士学位与后半句现在在北京任教之间的语义对照关系可知，此处应用连词but表示转折对照，所以选择but，意为“但是”。 4．句意：她出生在河北省的港口城市秦皇岛。此处需要一个介词，在句中与大地点名词“Qinhuangdao”连用。根据固定搭配be born in+大地点“出生在某地”可知，秦皇岛为城市名，介词需用in，所以选择in，意为“在……”。 5．句意：Jiang Yumeng仍然记得父母谈起他们在她这个年纪时的生活。此处需要一个副词，在句中作状语修饰动词“remembers”。根据后文语境可知，此处表达Jiang“依然/仍然”记得父母讲述他们同龄时的生活，所以选择still，意为“依然，仍然”。 6．句意：只要有可能，她就会去旅行。此处需要一个形容词，在句中作系动词“is”的表语。根据固定表达“whenever it is possible”（只要有可能/一有可能）可知，此处表示只要条件允许她就会去旅行，所以选择possible，意为“可能的”。 7．句意：她解释道：“得益于中国的改革开放政策，现在年轻人有更多机会出国旅行，了解中国和其他国家之间的差异。”此处需要一个可数名词复数形式，在句中作动词“have”的宾语。根据前文“Thanks to China’s reform and opening-up policy”可知，改革开放政策让年轻人有更多的“机会”出国，have more chances to do sth.表示“有更多机会做某事”，所以选择chance变为复数形式chances，意为“机会”。 8．句意：“如果他们在中国各地多走走看看，就会看到这个国家在过去的一二十年里发生了多大的变化。”此处需要一个动词过去分词，在句中与助动词“has”构成现在完成时结构。根据时间状语“over the past 10 or 20 years”以及句意可知，如果他们在中国广泛旅行，就会看到中国在过去一二十年里发生了多么大的“改变”，change的过去分词为changed，所以选择change变为过去分词changed，意为“改变”。 9．句意：在过去十年间，中国政府从中央到地方出台了一系列政策。此处需要一个名词，在句中作主句的主语。根据空前的形容词“Chinese”以及后文的“has introduced a series of policies, from the central to local levels”可知，出台政策的主体是中国“政府”，所以选择government，意为“政府”。 10．句意：这些政策能够为归国留学生创造更好的生活条件。此处需要一个动词原形，在句中跟在情态动词“can”之后作谓语。根据空后的“better living conditions”可知，这些政策能够为归国留学生“创造”更好的条件，所以选择create，意为“创造”。 二、短文填空 Passage E 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内词语的正确形式。 Great changes 1 (take) place in Sunshine Town over the past twenty years. I 2 (live) here since I was born. When I was a child, the roads were narrow and rough. People 3 (use) to walk or ride bikes to go to work. There 4 (be) no supermarkets, so we had to buy food in small shops. In 2010, the local government 5 (decide) to develop the town. They 6 (build) wide highways and a modern railway station. Now, we can travel to the city center in just 20 minutes. E-payment 7 (become) popular since 2018. We don’t need to carry cash anymore. The biggest change is the environment. The hills 8 (cover) with green trees now. Many tourists 9 (visit) our town every year. I 10 (never see) such a beautiful hometown before. I am proud of these changes! 【答案】 1．have taken 2．have lived 3．used 4．were 5．decided 6．built 7．has become 8．are covered 9．visit 10．have never seen 【导语】本文以第一人称视角，讲述了作者所居住的阳光小镇二十年间发生的巨大变迁，涵盖交通方式、消费习惯、城镇建设、生态环境等多个维度的变化，表达了作者对家乡发展的自豪与喜爱之情。 【详解】1．句意：在过去的二十年间，阳光小镇发生了巨大的变化。 句中时间标志“over the past twenty years”是现在完成时的典型提示词，主语“Great changes”是复数，因此助动词用have，搭配take的过去分词taken。故填have taken。 2．句意：我从出生起就住在这里。“since I was born”表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，需要使用现在完成时，主语是第一人称I，因此填have lived。 3．句意：人们过去常常步行或骑自行车去上班。固定搭配used to do sth.，表示“过去常常做某事”，对应前文描述作者小时候的旧时光场景。故填used。 4．句意：过去没有超市，所以我们只能在小店里买食物。这是there be句型，语境描述的是作者小时候的过去情况，且后面的名词“supermarkets”是复数形式，因此be动词用过去式were。 5．句意：2010年，当地政府决定开发这座小镇。句中有明确的过去时间状语“In 2010”，表示动作发生在过去的某个具体年份，因此动词decide要使用一般过去式decided。 6．句意：他们修建了宽阔的公路和一座现代化的火车站。此处承接前句2010年政府启动开发的语境，“修建基础设施”是过去发生的动作，因此build使用一般过去式built。 7．句意：电子支付从2018年起就变得普及了。时间标志“since 2018”提示动作从过去持续到现在，主语“E-payment”是单数概念，因此使用现在完成时has become。 8．句意：如今山丘上被绿树覆盖。固定搭配be covered with，意为“被……覆盖”，语境描述现在的客观状态，主语“The hills”是复数，因此一般现在时的被动语态形式为are covered。 9．句意：每年都有很多游客来参观我们的小镇。句中时间状语“every year”表示经常性、习惯性的动作，是一般现在时的标志，主语“Many tourists”是复数，因此谓语动词用原形visit。 10．句意：我以前从来没有见过这么美丽的家乡。句尾的“before”是现在完成时的常用提示词，强调到目前为止的人生经历中从未出现过这种情况，主语是I，因此填have never seen。 Passage F I have been away from my hometown for ten years. Last weekend, I returned to my hometown 1 I lost my way! Great changes have taken place 2 the reform and opening-up. There are electric cars everywhere in the wide streets. But I can still breathe the fresh air just like before. The government took measures 3 (improve) people’s living conditions. In order to make people get good medical treatment in time, the government 4 (offer) much money to start the NCMS (新型农村合作医疗). Whenever they go to the hospital, they pay only a little for it. Besides, the government helped the villagers open the Joyous Farmer’s House (农家乐). 5 (thousand) of visitors all over the country come here for their holidays. The farmers are getting richer and richer. And thanks 6 the better transportation,the children in the countryside can get a good 7 (educate) now. In general, the government is trying its best 8 (help) people. People now keep in touch with their friends and relatives more often by 9 (use) phones and the internet instead of sending letters. And every family has its 10 (own) washing machine. People don’t need to wash heavy clothes by hand any more. And old people can get good medical care. I’m very happy to see these great changes in my hometown. 【答案】 1．but 2．since 3．to improve 4．offered 5．Thousands 6．to 7．education 8．to help 9．using 10．own 【导语】本文主要讲述作者阔别十年回到家乡，目睹改革开放后家乡在医疗、旅游、教育、生活等方面发生的巨大喜人变化，内心倍感欣喜。 【详解】1．句意：上周末，我回到了我的家乡，但是我迷路了。前半句“回到家乡”，后半句“迷路”，前后语义为转折关系，故用并列连词but表转折。 2．句意：自从改革开放以来，发生了巨大的变化。主句是现在完成时，since后接时间背景，表示“自从……以来”，是现在完成时的标志性连词。 3．句意：政府采取措施改善人们的生活条件。固定搭配take measures to do sth.，表示“采取措施做某事”，用不定式作目的状语。 4．句意：为了让人们及时得到良好的医疗救治，政府投入大量资金启动新型农村合作医疗。叙述过去政府实施的举措，动作发生在过去，因此用一般过去时，offer变为过去式offered。 5．句意：成千上万来自全国各地的游客来这里度假。固定短语thousands of，表示“成千上万的”，表示模糊数量，thousand要加s，句首首字母大写。 6．句意：多亏了更便利的交通，农村的孩子现在可以获得良好的教育。固定短语thanks to，表示“多亏，由于”，后接名词作原因。 7．句意：多亏了更便利的交通，农村的孩子现在可以获得良好的教育。形容词good后面需要接名词，educate是动词，名词形式为education，表示“教育”。 8．句意：总的来说，政府正尽最大努力帮助人民。固定搭配try one’s best to do sth.，表示“尽某人最大努力做某事”，不定式作目的状语。 9．句意：现在人们经常通过手机和互联网和亲友保持联系，而不是写信。介词by后面接动名词形式，by doing表示“通过做某事”，use变动名词using。 10．句意：而且每个家庭都拥有自己的洗衣机。one’s own+名词，是固定用法，表示“某人自己的……”，own此处作形容词。 Passage G Many students often wonder 1 joint international projects can bring great changes to people’s daily lives. The Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway can give us a clear answer. The project 2 (complete) and put into operation in 2023 with full Chinese technology support. In the past, it 3 (take) local passengers more than three hours to travel between the two Indonesian cities by traditional trains. Since the high-speed rail opened to the public, it 4 (bring) huge convenience to Indonesian citizens. Lots of tourists choose to take this HSR to visit local scenic spots, and small shops along the rail 5 (gain) more customers in the past three years. Local businessmen can transport goods much faster and take advantage 6 lower transport costs. Young Indonesian workers who once dreamed of working overseas 7 (return) to local rail service jobs. Experts believe that as long as countries cooperate closely, they 8 (create) more valuable shared projects in the future. This high-speed rail shows us that joint efforts 9 (make) our world better over time, and we should keep looking forward 10 more win-win international programs. 【答案】 1．if/whether 2．was completed 3．took 4．has brought 5．have gained 6．of 7．have returned 8．will create 9．will make 10．to 【导语】本文以印尼雅万高铁为例，介绍了中印尼联合国际项目给当地人民日常生活带来的巨大变化。文章讲述了高铁开通前后两地通行时间的对比，以及高铁为游客、沿线小店、商人和当地工人带来的便利与机遇。最后，文章指出只要各国紧密合作，未来将创造更多有价值的共享项目，联合努力将使世界变得更加美好。 【详解】1．句意：许多学生常常疑惑，跨国联合项目能否为人们的日常生活带来巨大改变。此处 wonder后接宾语从句，从句成分完整，但缺少引导词，表示“是否”带来变化，此处“if/whether是否”都符合题意。 2．句意：该项目于2023年建成并投入运营，全程采用中国技术支持。主语The project与动词 complete之间是被动关系（项目被完成），且时间是in 2023（过去时间），主语为单数，所以用一般过去时的被动语态was completed。 3．句意：在过去，乘坐传统火车在这两个印尼城市之间旅行，需要花费当地乘客三个多小时。句型为It took sb. some time to do sth.（花费某人多少时间做某事）。根据时间状语In the past，可知用一般过去时，所以，此处应填take的过式took。 4．句意：自从高铁向公众开放以来，它给印尼公民带来了巨大的便利。Since 引导的时间状语从句（一般过去时）提示主句应用现在完成时。主语it是单数，此处应填has brought。 5．句意：许多游客选择乘坐这条高铁参观当地景点，沿线的小商店在过去三年里获得了更多的顾客。时间状语in the past three years是现在完成时的典型标志。主语small shops是复数，此处应填have gained。 6．句意：当地商人可以更快地运输货物，并利用较低的运输成本。固定搭配take advantage of 意为“利用”，此处填介词of。 7．句意：曾经梦想在海外工作的年轻印尼工人已经回到当地的铁路服务工作中。句意表示过去梦想海外工作，现在已回到本地工作，强调过去的动作对现在的影响或状态的改变，可用现在完成时。主语Young Indonesian workers是复数，此处应填have returned。 8．句意：专家认为，只要各国紧密合作，他们将在未来创造更多有价值的共享项目。as long as引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，从句cooperate是一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，此处应填will create。 9．句意：这条高铁向我们展示了，随着时间的推移，联合努力将使我们的世界变得更加美好，我们应该继续期待更多双赢的国际项目。根据over time（随着时间的推移）以及语境，这里表示联合努力将会/正在使世界变好，强调未来的结果或持续的影响，用一般将来时will make最为合适。 10． 句意：这条高铁向我们展示了，随着时间的推移，联合努力将使我们的世界变得更加美好，我们应该继续期待更多双赢的国际项目。固定搭配look forward to意为“期待、盼望”，此处填介词to。 Passage H In 2017, the new 480‑kilometre Mombasa‑Nairobi railway was 1 (open). Before then, the only transport links between Mombasa, Kenya’s main port, and Nairobi, Kenya’s capital, were rough roads and 2 old railway line built in 1901. The old trains were very slow. It took 10 hours 3 (get) to Nairobi from Mombasa by train. 4 , the new railway, built with China’s help, has already cut the travel time between Mombasa and Nairobi to about four hours for passengers. Now, 5 (many) than two million people use it every year. Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway. A government worker said, “I’m very happy 6 the new railway built by our Chinese friends. Many changes have taken place in the town over the last few years, and the people who live here have become rich.” A businessman said, “My experience of 7 (use) the train since 2017 has been good. It is very convenient and doesn’t cost much money. I am able to get to places 8 time and make business deals with ease.” The railway has also made the transport of food easier. “Food used to take hundreds of lorries to carry between the two 9 (city), but now it takes only two or three trains,” said a supermarket manager. As a result, people now have more fresh food to eat. Although China and Kenya are far away from each other, the railway shows how different countries can work together 10 (build) a better world. 【答案】 1．opened 2．an 3．to get 4．However 5．more 6．about 7．using 8．on 9．cities 10．to build 【导语】本文介绍了2017年开通的蒙巴萨-内罗毕新铁路对肯尼亚交通、经济和民生的积极影响，展现了中国与肯尼亚合作带来的变化。 【详解】1．句意：2017年，新的480公里蒙巴萨-内罗毕铁路开通了。主语“the new 480-kilometre Mombasa-Nairobi railway”与动词open之间为被动关系，表示“被开通”，时间状语"In 2017”提示时态为一般过去时，应用open的过去分词opened。 2．句意：在那之前，肯尼亚主要港口蒙巴萨和首都内罗毕之间唯一的交通连接是崎岖的道路和建于1901年的旧铁路线。空处修饰名词“old railway line”，表示“一条旧的铁路线”，应用不定冠词an，old以元音音素开头。 3．句意：乘火车从蒙巴萨到内罗毕需要10个小时。It takes/took+时间+to do sth.为固定句型，意为“做某事花费多长时间”，动词不定式作真正主语，get应用to get。 4．句意：然而，这条在中国帮助下建成的新铁路已经将蒙巴萨和内罗毕之间的旅行时间缩短到大约四小时。前句提到旧铁路很慢，后句说新铁路缩短了时间，前后存在转折对比关系，应用副词However，意为“然而”，句首首字母大写。 5．句意：现在，每年有超过两百万人使用它。空处表示“超过”，应用more than，many的比较级为more，意为“更多的”。 6．句意：我很高兴我们的中国朋友修建了这条新铁路。be happy about意为“对……感到高兴”，表示对某事感到满意或开心，应用介词about。 7．句意：我自2017年以来乘坐火车的体验一直很好。空处位于介词of之后，应用动名词形式，use的动名词形式是using，表示“使用火车的经历”。 8．句意：我能够按时到达各地并轻松地进行商业交易。on time意为“按时，准时”，固定介词搭配，表示“准时到达”，应用介词on。 9．句意：以前，食物需要数百辆卡车在两座城市之间运输，但现在只需要两三列火车。空处表示“城市”，数词two后接复数名词cities。 10．句意：尽管中国和肯尼亚相距遥远，但这条铁路展示了不同国家如何能够共同努力建设一个更美好的世界。work together to do sth意为“共同努力做某事”，动词不定式作目的状语，build应用to build，意为“建设”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $