精品解析：黑龙江省哈尔滨市博雅学校2025-2026学年九年级上学期10月培优（二）英语试题

道里区2026年上学期英语学科培优习题Units 3-4 命题学校：哈尔滨市博雅中学校 一、单项选择（本题共10分，每小题1分） 1. ________ great influence Zhang Guimei has on her students! She has taught many poor girls to depend on themselves and let them live better. A. What B. What a C. How 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：张桂梅对她的学生有多大的影响啊！她教会许多贫困女孩依靠自己，让她们过得更好。 句子的中心词“influence”是名词，应用“What”引导感叹句。“have a great influence”为常用搭配，表示“对……有巨大影响”，此处“influence”视为单数可数名词，前面需加冠词“a”，选项B的“What a”符合题意。 2. Though the road ________ success is difficult, you’ll ________ it. A. of; make B. to; succeed C. to; make 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：虽然通往成功的道路是艰难的，但你会成功的。 of……的；to到；make制作，使成功；succeed成功。第一个空是固定搭配the road to success，意为“通往成功的道路”，要用介词to。第二个空是固定表达make it，意为“成功做到，达成目标”，后面直接接it作宾语，而succeed是不及物动词，后面不能直接跟it。因此选C。 3. —What makes it ________ for people to send and receive information at great speed and little cost? —The Internet, I think. A. convenient B. correct C. confident 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：——什么使得人们以极快的速度和极低的成本发送和接收信息变得方便？——互联网，我认为。 convenient方便的；correct正确的；confident自信的。根据“at great speed and little cost”可知，速度快且成本低，体现了信息传递的便利性，选convenient，符合语境。 4. —What do you think of the dishes? —I like all the dishes ________ the fish. I’m allergic (过敏的) to it. A. except B. besides C. with 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：——你觉得这些菜怎么样？——除了鱼，我喜欢所有的菜。我对它过敏。 except除了……之外（不包括）；besides除了……之外（还包括）；with和……一起。根据“I’m allergic (过敏的) to it”可知对鱼过敏，所以不喜欢鱼，是从所有菜中排除鱼，应用except。 5. —Sun Yingsha performed so well that she won the women’s singles medal at the 2024 Paris Olympics. —That’s right. You never reach your goals ________ you work hard. A. if B. when C. until 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：——孙颖莎表现非常出色，在2024年巴黎奥运会上斩获了女单奖牌。——说得没错，你永远无法实现目标，除非你付出努力。 if如果；when当……时候；until直到。此处结合语境表达“直到努力才能达成目标”的含义，对应固定结构never...until...，符合句子逻辑。 6. —I suggest ________ the mountain this Sunday. —I don’t agree. According to the weather forecast it will be rainy this weekend. A. to climb B. us climbing C. climbing 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：——我建议这周日去爬这座山。——我不同意。根据天气预报，这周末将会下雨。 to climb“去爬”；us climbing“我们爬山”；climbing“爬山”。动词suggest后接动名词作宾语，即suggest doing sth，表示“建议做某事”，climbing符合语法规则。 7. —Will the famous writer come to our school to give a talk? —Yes, he has decided to meet the students ________. A. in person B. in public C. in trouble 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：——那位著名作家会来我们学校作报告吗？——是的，他已经决定亲自见学生们。 in person亲自；in public公开地；in trouble处于困境中。根据问句“Will the famous writer come to our school”可知，作家要来学校，语境强调亲自到场见面。in person表示“亲自”，符合语境。 8. —Tom, I saw you carrying a box last night. I wanted to know ________. —Nothing important. Just some unwanted books. A. which was in the box B. what was in the box C. what in the box was 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：——汤姆，我昨晚看到你搬着一个箱子。我想知道箱子里是什么。——没什么重要的，只是一些不想要的书。 which was in the box哪个在箱子里（询问选择范围，不符合语境）；what was in the box箱子里是什么（正确，what作主语，语序正确）；what in the box was语序错误（应为主谓结构，was应在主语后）。宾语从句中，疑问词作主语时，从句用陈述语序“what was in the box”。 9. — Excuse me, could you tell me where I can get some good food quickly? —________, there’s a pizza restaurant down the street. A. Yes, I could. B. Sure, no problem. C. No, I’m busy. 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我哪里可以快速买到好吃的食物吗？——当然没问题，街那头就有一家披萨店。 Yes, I could.是的，我可以；Sure, no problem.当然没问题；No, I’m busy.不，我很忙。根据答句后半句给出了具体的餐厅指引，说明是同意并回应对方的问路请求，Sure, no problem.符合日常交际语境。 10. —I ________ drive on the right in China. While now I must drive on the left in England. —Well, practice more and you will ________ it. A. used to; be used for B. am used to; used to C. used to; get used to 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：——我过去在中国，在右边开车。而现在我在英国，一定要在左边开车。——多练习你就会习惯的。 考查动词短语辨析。used to过去常常；am/get used to现在习惯做某事。be used for被用来。根据“While now”可知空一指过去的事情，用used to；根据“practice more and you will...”可知空二指习惯这种情况，用am/get used to。故选C。 二、完形填空（本题共10分，每题1分） I’ve spent my life avoiding uncomfortable situations. As a work-from-home mother of three, I spent my days driving children to school and then sticking to my daily ____11____. I’d go to the same gym, shop at the same store, and walk the same neighborhood path. One fall morning, I was out on a walk with a close friend. This woman is independent and learned, to whom I often turn for advice. As we talked about our daily life, I changed the topic to ____12____. I admitted that I felt trapped (困住的) in my comfort zone but didn’t know how to walk out. The advice she gave me changed my life. “Starting small, get started no matter what,” she said. “Starting today, do something every day that ____13____ you.” I decided to ____14____ her advice and began to make conversations with the cashier (收银员) at my regular store and order something ____15____ at my favorite restaurant. I gave ____16____ permission (许可) to explore new and frightening opportunities. My wise friend’s advice became my life’s belief. In the years to come, following the advice ____17____ changed my life and opened doors I didn’t even know had been closed. Heart racing and stomach aching were once signs of danger, but now they were signs of opportunity. I get to try and fail, feel fear and choose to be ____18____ every single day. Fear is a ____19____. Without it, I’d still be at my regular seat asking for the same sandwich instead of sitting in a café telling the waiter to “surprise me”. Accepting opportunities that frighten me has ____20____ me with the knowledge that I can do hard things. 11. A. schedule B. exercise C. interest 12. A. independence B. fear C. knowledge 13. A. pleases B. frightens C. attracts 14. A. take B. share C. receive 15. A. new B. old C. interesting 16. A. him B. me C. myself 17. A. completely B. terribly C. hardly 18. A. anxious B. brave C. serious 19. A. matter B. moment C. gift 20. A. changed B. preferred C. provided 【答案】11. A 12. B 13. B 14. A 15. A 16. C 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者作为一位在家工作的母亲，长期生活在舒适区，后在朋友的鼓励下开始每天做一些让自己害怕的事情，从而改变生活的故事。 【11题详解】 句意：作为三个孩子的母亲，我每天开车送孩子上学，然后坚持我的日常安排。 下文“I’d go to the same gym, shop at the same store, and walk the same neighborhood path.”表明，作者每天按固定安排行事，schedule“日程安排”符合语境，exercise“锻炼”和interest“兴趣”过于片面，不符。 【12题详解】 句意：当我们谈论日常生活时，我把话题转向了恐惧。 下文“I felt trapped (困住了的) in my comfort zone but didn’t know how to walk out.”表明，作者感到被困在舒适区，这是对“恐惧”的坦白，fear“恐惧”符合语境，independence“独立”和knowledge“知识”与下文无关。 【13题详解】 句意：从今天开始，每天做一件让你害怕的事。 上文作者承认被困在舒适区，朋友建议“迈出第一步”，因此应是做让自己“害怕”的事，frightens“使害怕”符合语境，pleases“使高兴”和attracts“吸引”与克服舒适区的主题相反。 【14题详解】 句意：我决定采纳她的建议，开始和常去商店的收银员交谈，在我最喜欢的餐厅点一些新东西。 take one’s advice“采纳某人的建议”，固定搭配，share“分享”和receive“收到”不符合动作逻辑。 【15题详解】 句意：我决定采纳她的建议，开始和常去商店的收银员交谈，在我最喜欢的餐厅点一些新东西。 上文“make conversations with the cashier”和“order something”表明作者在尝试突破常规，new“新的”符合语境。old“旧的”与改变相反，interesting“有趣的”未体现突破性。 【16题详解】 句意：我给了自己探索新的、令人恐惧的机会的许可。 主语是I，动作对象是“自己”，应用反身代词myself，give myself permission“给自己许可”，固定用法。 【17题详解】 句意：在接下来的几年里，遵循这个建议完全改变了我的生活。 下文“opened doors I didn’t even know had been closed”表明变化是彻底、完全的，completely“完全地”符合语境。terribly“可怕地”和hardly“几乎不”语义不通。 【18题详解】 句意：我每天都可以尝试和失败，感受恐惧并选择勇敢。 上文“Heart racing and stomach aching were once signs of danger, but now they were signs of opportunity.”表明作者从恐惧转向勇敢面对，brave“勇敢的”符合语境。anxious“焦虑的”和serious“严肃的”与“选择”的积极态度不符。 【19题详解】 句意：恐惧是一份礼物。 下文“Without it, I’d still be at my regular seat...”表明恐惧促使作者成长，因此是“礼物”，gift符合语境。matter“事情”和moment“时刻”语义不搭。 【20题详解】 句意：接受让我害怕的机会给了我一种认知：我能做困难的事情。 provide sb. with sth.“提供给某人某物”，固定搭配，此处指机会“提供”了认知，changed“改变”和preferred“偏好”搭配不当。 三、阅读理解（本题共20分，每小题1分） (A) What would it be like to be over 100 meters in the air? Besides taking a plane, there is a more interesting and relaxing way to experience it: having a ride on a Ferris wheel (摩天轮). The London Eye, England With a height of about 135 meters, the London Eye is one of the tallest Ferris wheels in Europe. There are 32 cars (轿厢) and each can carry 25 people at most. On the ride, people can get a view of London Tower, Buckingham Palace and Big Ben. One turn takes 30 minutes. The High Roller, the US It is one of the world’s tallest Ferris wheels. It is 168 meters tall. The High Roller first opened in Las Vegason on March 31st, 2014. A ride takes 30 minutes. You can also enjoy videos and music during the ride. Tianjin Eye, China Tianjin Eye is a 120-meter-tall Ferris wheel. It lies on a bridge over the Haihe River in Tianjin, China. The wheel has 48 cars. Each can take eight passengers. People can get good views of the city during the 30-minutetrip. Roue de Paris, France Roue de Paris looks like all the other Ferris wheels. It is about 60 meters tall and has 42 cars. But people can move it. Because of this, the big wheel has been to many other places like Manchester in the UK and Bangkok in Thailand. 21. How many passengers can the London Eye carry at most on one turn? A. 25 B. 32 C. 800 22. The High Roller, one of the world’s tallest Ferris wheels, is in ________. A. Paris B. America C. London 23. People can ________ during the trip of Tianjin Eye. A. enjoy videos and music B. get good views of the city C. get a view of London Tower, Buckingham Palace and Big Ben 24. Why has Roue de Paris been to many other places? A. Because it has many cars. B. Because people are moved by it. C. Because it can be moved by people. 25. Which of the following is TRUE? A. Tianjin Eye can bring you musical enjoyment. B. The ride on a ferris wheel is interesting and relaxing. C. Having a ride on the four ferris wheels needs the same time. 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了伦敦眼、豪客摩天轮、天津之眼、巴黎摩天轮四座世界各地摩天轮的高度、载客、运行特色等相关信息。 【21题详解】 根据The London Eye, England板块“ There are 32 cars (轿厢) and each can carry 25 people at most.”可知，伦敦眼共有32个轿厢，每个轿厢最多承载25人，经过计算可得出单次最大载客量为800人。 【22题详解】 根据The High Roller, the US板块“It is one of the world’s tallest Ferris wheels.”可知，豪客摩天轮坐落在美国。 【23题详解】 根据Tianjin Eye, China板块“People can get good views of the city during the 30‑minute trip.”可知，人们乘坐天津之眼的过程中可以欣赏城市的优美景色。 【24题详解】 根据Roue de Paris, France板块“But people can move it. Because of this, the big wheel has been to many other places like Manchester in the UK and Bangkok in Thailand.”可知，该摩天轮可以被人为移动，因此它能够去往很多不同地方。 【25题详解】 根据文章开头“Besides taking a plane, there is a more interesting and relaxing way to experience it: having a ride on a Ferris wheel (摩天轮).”可知，乘坐摩天轮是有趣且令人放松的体验。 (B) Lily Brown looked at the old photo on her desk. It was taken five years ago. The girl in the photo used to have short, curly hair and big glasses. She used to be very shy and hated speaking in front of the class. Her biggest fear was the school talent show. She used to think everyone would laugh at her. Back then, Lily’s only hobby was painting. She used to spend all her free time alone in her room, drawing pictures. She was good at it, but she never wanted to show her work to anyone. Her parents used to worry about her because she had very few friends. When Lily turned fourteen, she decided to make a change. She joined an online art community and started sharing her paintings. To her surprise, people loved them and gave her lots of encouragement. She slowly became more confident. Now, Lily is the president of the school art club. She loves meeting new people and organizing activities. She even performed in last year’s talent show — she gave a live painting demonstration! Her world has become much larger and brighter. She still wears glasses, but now they are a cool, modern pair she chose for herself. 根据短文内容判断正、误。（正确的涂“A”，错误的涂“B”） 26. Lily’s appearance has not changed at all in the past five years. 27. In the past, Lily was afraid of performing in the school talent show. 28. Lily’s parents were happy that she spent so much time alone. 29. People on the internet encouraged her and helped her become more confident. 30. Lily is still as shy as she used to be. 【答案】26. B 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Lily过去十分害羞内向，后来通过网络艺术社区分享画作，慢慢变得自信开朗的成长故事。 【26题详解】 根据原文第一段“The girl in the photo used to have short, curly hair and big glasses.”以及第四段“She still wears glasses, but now they are a cool, modern pair she chose for herself.”可知，五年里Lily的外貌发生了变化，因此该句表述错误。 【27题详解】 根据原文第一段“Her biggest fear was the school talent show.”可知，过去Lily害怕在学校才艺表演上演出，因此该句表述正确。 【28题详解】 根据原文第二段“Her parents used to worry about her because she had very few friends.”可知，Lily的父母因为她朋友少而担心她，并不是为她独处感到开心，因此该句表述错误。 【29题详解】 根据原文第三段“She joined an online art community and started sharing her paintings. To her surprise, people loved them and gave her lots of encouragement. She slowly became more confident.”可知，网上的人们鼓励她，帮助她变得更加自信，因此该句表述正确。 【30题详解】 根据原文第三段“She slowly became more confident.”和第四段“Now, Lily is the president of the school art club. She loves meeting new people and organizing activities.”可知，现在Lily不再像以前那样害羞，因此该句表述错误。 (C) Why do we do the things we do? What drives our behavior? Researchers have suggested different ways of thinking about motivation (动机), including looking at whether motivation comes from outside or inside a person. Extrinsic (外来的) motivation is when you decide to do something because you want to get a reward or avoid punishment. Intrinsic (内在的) motivation is when you do something because you find it enjoyable. The behavior itself is its own reward. There are many advantages of intrinsic motivation. Firstly, it’s lasting. It makes people willing to face challenges and work hard to achieve their goals. Besides, people with intrinsic motivation have a greater sense of satisfaction. Most people think intrinsic motivation is best, but it is not always possible in every situation. Sometimes a person has an unpleasant task and he may not have internal (内部的) wish to complete it. That’s when we need extrinsic motivation. But studies have shown that offering too many external rewards (外部奖励) can reduce (减少) intrinsic motivation. For instance, in a study, the participants became less interested in the toys. Both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation play a key role in learning. Experts have argued that traditional education pays too much attention to external rewards, such as grades. This undermines the intrinsic motivation that students might already have. However, others have suggested that extrinsic motivation can help students feel more knowledgeable in class. It helps to build up their intrinsic motivation. Understanding how each type of motivation works and when it is likely to be useful can help people complete tasks and improve their learning. 31. Which of the following is intrinsic motivation? A. Mike practices chess because he wants the first prize. B. Frank studies math hard because he thinks it’s fun. C. Linda cleans her room to avoid being punished. 32. How does the writer explain “too many external rewards can reduce intrinsic motivation”? A. By telling stories. B. By listing numbers. C. By giving examples. 33. What does the underlined word “undermines” in Para.5 mean? A. Argues. B. Reduces. C. Encourages. 34. According to the passage, what is the potential (潜在的) positive effect of extrinsic motivation on students? A. It makes learning more enjoyable for them. B. It helps them feel more confident in their knowledge. C. It completely replaces their need for intrinsic motivation. 35. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Power of Intrinsic Motivation. B. The Facts about Extrinsic Motivation. C. Extrinsic vs Intrinsic Motivation. 【答案】31. B 32. C 33. B 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了外在动机与内在动机的定义、特点及影响，分析了两者在不同场景中的作用及相互关系。 【31题详解】 文章第2段“Intrinsic motivation is when you do something because you find it enjoyable.”可推知内在动机是因为觉得事情有趣而去做，Frank因为觉得数学有趣而努力学习符合该定义。 【32题详解】 文章第4段“For instance, in a study, they became less interested in the toys.”可推知作者通过列举研究实例来解释外部奖励过多会减少内在动机这一观点。 【33题详解】 文章第5段“Experts have argued that traditional education pays too much attention to external rewards, such as grades.”结合第4段“offering too many external reward can reduce intrinsic motivation”可推知过于注重外部奖励会削弱内在动机，undermines意为“减少”。 【34题详解】 文章第5段“However, others have suggested that extrinsic motivation can help students feel more knowledgeable in class.”可推知外在动机能帮助学生感觉自己在课堂上知识更渊博，即更自信。 【35题详解】 全文围绕外在动机和内在动机展开，讨论了它们的定义、优缺点及相互关系，选项C涵盖了两方面内容，最适合作为标题。 (D) There are three types of questions in English: direct, indirect, and question tags. People use these types of questions differently according to different situations. ____36____ Direct questions are either yes/ no questions such as “Are you married?” or information questions such as “Where do you live?”. It is certainly correct to ask so, but you can make it sound more polite by adding “excuse me” or “pardon me” to begin your question. ____37____ For example, we can say “Excuse me, could you please help me pick this up?” or “Would you mind if I sat here?” Remember that “please” should not appear at the beginning of the question. ____38____ Notice that an indirect question begins with a phrase (I wonder, Do you think, Would you mind, etc.), and the actual question is then placed in a positive sentence form. ____39____ We often use question tags when we check information that we think is correct. ____40____ If the voice goes up at the end of the sentence, we’re asking for more information. If the voice drops, we’re confirming (确认) information which is known. For example, you remember that Jack is from New York, but you are not sure about that. Then you can ask, “You live in New York, don’t you?” A. It’s also possible to use “could” or “would” in some situations. B. But all in all, each type can be used to ask polite questions. C. Direct questions are used more than indirect questions. D. For example, we can say “I wonder if you know what time it is.” E. We also use them to ask for more information by using different intonations (语调). F. Using indirect question forms is an especially polite way of asking questions. 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. F 39. D 40. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了三种疑问句及其使用方法。 【36题详解】 第一段介绍了三种疑问句及其用法不同，空格前指出人们在不同情况下使用不同类型的疑问句，B项“But all in all, each type can be used to ask polite questions.”总之，每种类型都可用来礼貌提问，总结了共同点，引出下文对礼貌用法的具体论述，符合语境。 【37题详解】 第二段讲述直接疑问句的礼貌用法，空格前提到加“excuse me”，空后举例使用了“could”和“would”，A项“It’s also possible to use ‘could’ or ‘would’ in some situations.”指出某些情况也可以使用“could”和“would”，与下文举例紧密衔接。 【38题详解】 根据第三段的内容可知，本段主要介绍间接疑问句，F项“Using indirect question forms is an especially polite way of asking questions.”指出使用间接疑问句是尤其礼貌的提问方式，作为段首句引出本段话题，符合逻辑。 【39题详解】 空格前解释了间接疑问句的结构“an indirect question begins with a phrase (I wonder, Do you think, Would you mind, etc.)”，D项“For example, we can say ‘I wonder if you know what time it is.’”给出了具体例句，是对上文结构的举例说明。 【40题详解】 第四段主要讲述反义疑问句，空格后解释了语调升降的不同含义，E项“We also use them to ask for more information by using different intonations.”提到通过使用不同语调用反义疑问句来获取信息，与下文内容呼应。 四、任务性阅读（本题共20分，每小题1分） 先阅读（A）、（B）、（C）三篇短文，然后根据题目要求及所给语境完成下列三项任务。 (A)任务1： 阅读短文，用方框中所给词填空，使文章通顺、连贯、合理。方框中有一个词为多余选项。（每个单词限用一次） first rose graduating hard Looking back chosen carefully raised Wang Haoze was born in North China’s Hebei Province in March 1990. She is a team member of the Shenzhou-19 task and China’s ____41____ woman spaceflight engineer. Wang always did well in both high school and college, winning many awards for her achievements. She loved running and joined the school track team. She trained so ____42____ that she got the chance to compete in provincial sports events for her school. ____43____, she believes that without this physical training, she wouldn’t have built the strength needed to become an astronaut. After ____44____, she used her knowledge and creativity to contribute to China’s space program, especially in designing rockets. She managed to learn and improve when facing difficulties. In 2020, Wang Haoze was ____45____ to be one of China’s third group of astronauts. As an engineer-turned-astronaut, Wang has developed what she calls her two “magic keys” to success: practice hard and think ____46____. “I had to keep practicing, and after practicing nearly 1,000 times, I mastered the equipment for every docking simulation (对接模拟),” Wang said. Then the second one: deep thinking. “There are certain operations that need us to do more thinking in extravehicular (舱外的) training.” After passing many tests, finally she became part of the Shenzhou-19 task. As the countdown ended, Shenzhou-19 ____47____ into space, carrying Wang Haoze and her teammates into the China Space Station. It is the efforts and strong will that make her China’s first woman spaceflight engineer and the third woman astronaut. 【答案】41. first 42. hard 43. Looking back 44. graduating 45. chosen 46. carefully 47. rose 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国首位女性航天飞行工程师王浩泽的成长经历、刻苦训练以及成功入选神舟十九号任务并进入太空的故事。 【41题详解】 句意：她是神舟十九号任务的一名队员，也是中国第一位女性航天飞行工程师。结合文末“make her China’s first woman spaceflight engineer”，此处表达“第一位”，用序数词first。 【42题详解】 句意：她训练如此刻苦，获得代表学校参加省级体育赛事的机会。so…that…结构意为“如此……以至于”，用来引出结果，此处需要副词修饰动词“trained”，hard作副词表示“努力地、刻苦地”，train hard为常用搭配，表示“刻苦训练”，体现她训练的付出，才得到参赛机会。 【43题详解】 句意：回顾过去，她认为如果没有这些体能训练，她就无法拥有成为宇航员所需的身体素质。此处作句首状语，Looking back表示“回顾过往”，引出对往事的感悟，符合上下文叙事逻辑。 【44题详解】 句意：毕业后，她运用自己的知识与创造力为中国航天事业出力，尤其在火箭设计方面。介词 “after”后面接动名词，graduating表示“毕业”，after graduating意为“毕业后”，承接学业结束之后投身航天工作的情节。 【45题详解】 句意：2020年，王浩泽被选为中国第三批航天员之一。本句为一般过去时的被动语态，be chosen to do表示“被挑选去做某事”，符合选拔航天员的语境。 【46题详解】 句意：作为工程师转型的航天员，王浩泽总结出通往成功的两大“法宝”：刻苦练习与认真思考。副词carefully修饰动词“think”，think carefully意为“认真思考”，对应后文“deep thinking”。 【47题详解】 句意：随着倒计时结束，神舟十九号升空，将王浩泽和队友送入中国空间站。句子时态为一般过去时，rose是rise的过去式，表示“上升”，rise into space表示“升空、飞向太空”，用来描述飞船发射。 (B)任务2： 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 Some people have a very poor sense of direction. Unluckily, I am one of them. I have visited a place many times but I may still get lost there the next time. When I was a little girl, I never dared to ask strangers for directions, so I used to walk around in circles and hope that by chance I would get to the place I was going to. Now, I am no longer too shy to ask people for directions, but I often receive useless or even wrong information. I try to avoid giving people wrong directions. If anyone asks me the way somewhere, I would say, “Sorry, I am a stranger here.” Once on my way to work I was stopped by a man. He asked me if I could tell him the way to the Friendship Building. I gave him my usual reply. But just as I walked on only a few steps, I realized that he had asked the way to my office building. However, I had no time to turn back and look for him. I was rushing to meet with someone at my office and I didn’t want to keep him waiting. When I just got to my office, the secretary (秘书) showed the man who had asked me for directions there. Imagine how embarrassed I was and how surprised he was when we saw each other at the first sight. 48. When did the writer never dare to ask strangers for directions? _______________________________________________________ 49. Is the writer shy or outgoing to ask people for directions now? _______________________________________________________ 50. Why is the writer not willing to help those who fail to find their ways on the street? _______________________________________________________ 51. Did the man go to the writer’s office? _______________________________________________________ 52. Do you think what the writer did is right? Why or why not? _______________________________________________________ 【答案】48. When she was a little girl. 49. Outgoing. 50. To avoid giving people wrong directions. 51. Yes. 52. No. Because we should help others when they are in trouble. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者方向感很差，小时候不敢问路，长大后为避免指错路而不愿给别人指路，以及一次因未指路而产生的尴尬经历。 【48题详解】 根据文章第2段“When I was a little girl, I never dared to ask strangers for directions（当我还是个小女孩时，我从不敢向陌生人问路）”可知作者小时候不敢向陌生人问路。 【49题详解】 根据文章第3段“Now, I am no longer too shy to ask people for directions（现在，我再也不害羞向别人问路了）”可知作者现在不再害羞，性格外向。 【50题详解】 根据文章第3段“I often receive useless or even wrong information. I try to avoid giving people wrong directions.（我经常收到无用甚至错误的信息。我尽量避免给人们指错路。）”可知作者不愿帮助迷路者的原因是怕指错路。 【51题详解】 根据文章第5段“the secretary showed the man who had asked me for directions there（秘书把那个向我问路的男人带到了那里）”可知那个男人确实去了作者的办公室。 【52题详解】 本题为开放性试题。根据助人为乐的传统美德，我们应该在他人困难时提供帮助。故可填No. Because we should help others when they are in trouble. (C)任务3： Being a picky eater can mean a number of different things. It may describe someone who doesn’t like to try new foods, someone who prefers light meals, or someone who eats only a few foods. It’s quite common for children to be picky eaters. They may only like their pasta without salt, or their bread cut in a certain shape. According to a new study, picky eating is mostly caused by our genes (基因). Researchers in the U.K. have studied some identical and non-identical twins (同卵和异卵双胞胎) for many years. Identical twins share 100% of their genes, while non-identical twins share half on average. Studying these twins allowed the researchers to compare the eating habits of people who were genetically (遗传地) the same and those who weren’t, but still grew up in the same home together. Researchers chose more than 4,800 twins for the study. Their parents completed the question forms about how picky their children were aged 16 months, then again at the ages of 3, 5, 7 and 13 years old. From the results, the researchers found that the eating habits of identical twins were much more similar than those of non-identical twins. They also found that genetic changes explained 60% of the differences in food pickiness at 16 months, and 74% between the ages of 3 and 13. And the shared environment only explained 15% to 26% of these differences. However, the researchers added that environmental effects (作用) are still important: Parents can still influence their children’s eating habits by eating together as a family. 根据短文内容完成句子，每空一词。 ▲ Being a picky eater can refer to someone ____53____ dislikes ____54____ new foods, or one who only favors a limited range of dishes(有限的几样菜). ▲ Researchers in the U.K. started to ____55____ some identical and non-identical twins (同卵和异卵双胞胎) many years ____56____. ▲ ____57____ 4,800 twins were ____58____ for the study. ▲ ____59____ genes play a leading role, family eating together can still ____60____ children’s food preferences. 【答案】53. who##that 54. trying##tasting##eating##having 55. study 56. ago 57. Over 58. chosen 59. Although##Though 60. influence 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了一项关于挑食原因的研究，发现挑食行为主要由基因决定，但家庭环境（如家庭共餐）仍对孩子的饮食习惯产生影响。 【53题详解】 文章第1段中“It may describe someone who doesn’t like to try new foods, someone who prefers light meals, or someone who eats only a few foods.”表明挑食者指不喜欢尝试新食物的人，定语从句先行词someone指人，关系词用who或that。 【54题详解】 文章第1段中“It may describe someone who doesn’t like to try new foods, someone who prefers light meals, or someone who eats only a few foods.”表明挑食者指不喜欢“尝试”新食物的人，“尝试”的英文为try，同义表达“品尝”、“吃”，对应的英文为taste/eat/have，dislike后需接动词的动名词形式，故填trying/tasting/eating/having。 【55题详解】 文章第2段中“Researchers in the U.K. have studied some identical and non-identical twins (同卵和异卵双胞胎) for many years.”表明英国研究人员多年前开始研究同卵和异卵双胞胎。started to后接动词原形study。 【56题详解】 文章第2段中“Researchers in the U.K. have studied some identical and non-identical twins (同卵和异卵双胞胎) for many years.”表明英国研究人员多年前开始研究同卵和异卵双胞胎。many years ago为固定搭配，表示许多年以前。故填ago。 【57题详解】 文章第3段中“Researchers chose more than 4,800 twins for the study.”表明，研究人员选取了4800多对双胞胎开展该项研究，结合“4,800 twins were…for the study”可知，空处表示“超过”，每空一词，需用over，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Over。 【58题详解】 文章第3段中“Researchers chose more than 4,800 twins for the study.”表明，研究人员选取了4800多对双胞胎开展该项研究，结合“…4,800 twins were…for the study.”可知，本句为被动语态，此处表示“4800多对双胞胎被选择”，choose“选择”，动词，此处表示“被选择”，应用过去分词chosen。 【59题详解】 文章第4段“They also found that genetic changes explained 60% of the differences in food pickiness at 16 months, and 74% between the ages of 3 and 13. And the shared environment only explained 15% to 26% of these differences.”说明基因在挑食原因中占主导地位，第5段“However, the researchers added that environmental effects (作用) are still important: Parents can still influence their children’s eating habits by eating together as a family.”中However引出转折，说明环境因素依旧重要。因此空处引导让步状语从句，although/though表示“即使”，符合逻辑，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Although/Though。 【60题详解】 文章第5段中“Parents can still influence their children’s eating habits by eating together as a family.”表明，即使基因占主导地位，但全家一起吃饭仍然会影响孩子的食物偏好，can后需接动词原形。故填influence。 五、语法填空（本题共10分，每小题1分） People in Sweden no longer need to pay for plastic bags when they go shopping. On November 1, the government ended its tax (税) on plastic bags, which was about $0.26 per bag, though some stores charged (收费) even higher prices. The government said that the use of plastic bags ____61____ (drop) greatly since the tax was introduced in 2020, and it believes the tax is no ____62____ (long) necessary. ____63____, some worry that the use of plastic bags might go up again now that they are free, which could lead to more trash and environmental ____64____ (problem). In 2019, before shoppers had to pay ____65____ their bags, people in Sweden used 74 plastic bags per person every year. In 2023, they used 17 per person every year, which is much lower than the ____66____ (Europe) Union (欧盟) goal of 40 per person every year. But many people, including Sweden’s Environmental Protection Agency, think the tax should have been kept for longer. It is ____67____ (real) hoped that people will keep ____68____ (use) their own bags when shopping to help the environment. The agency said: “We don’t know what will happen now.” It added that it hoped stores and markets would still encourage people to bring ____69____ (they) own bags. The government said earlier that the tax had “certain bad effects (影响)”, such as ____70____ increase in the use of paper bags, and an increased need to buy more plastic bags for trash cans at home. 【答案】61. has dropped 62. longer 63. However 64. problems 65. for 66. European 67. really 68. using 69. their 70. an 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍瑞典取消塑料袋税这一政策，对比塑料袋税实施前后人均塑料袋使用量的变化，同时阐述该政策带来的不同看法以及塑料袋税存在的一些弊端。 【61题详解】 句意：政府称，自2020年这项税收推出以来，塑料袋的使用量已经大幅下降，并且政府认为这项税收不再有必要。时间状语“since the tax was introduced in 2020”表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，宾语从句使用现在完成时，结构为have/has+动词的过去分词，主语“the use of plastic bags”为单数，助动词用has，drop的过去分词为dropped。故填has dropped。 【62题详解】 句意：政府称，自2020年这项税收推出以来，塑料袋的使用量已经大幅下降，并且政府认为这项税收不再有必要。结合上文“塑料袋的使用已经大幅下降”以及“is no…(long) necessary”可知，此处指这项税收不再有必要，no longer为固定搭配，表示“不再”，符合题意。故填longer。 【63题详解】 句意：然而，一些人担心塑料袋免费之后，塑料袋使用量可能再次上升，这会造成更多垃圾和环境问题。前文说政府认为税收不再有必要，后文说有些人担心使用量上升，前后为转折关系，空格位于句首，且空后有逗号，需用副词However。 【64题详解】 句意：然而，一些人担心塑料袋免费之后，塑料袋使用量可能再次上升，这会造成更多垃圾和环境问题。problem是可数名词，前面没有限定词，结合“more trash”可知，此处用复数形式problems。 【65题详解】 句意：2019年，在购物者需要为塑料袋付费之前，瑞典每人每年使用74个塑料袋。结合“pay…their bags”可知，此处表示为塑料袋付费，pay for sth为固定搭配，表示“为某物付费”，应用介词for。 【66题详解】 句意：2023年，人均每年使用17个塑料袋，远低于欧盟设定的人均每年40个的目标。此处修饰名词“Union”，需要形容词，Europe对应的形容词European，表示“欧洲的”，专有名词首字母大写，故填European。 【67题详解】 句意：人们真心希望在购物时继续使用自带袋子来保护环境。此处修饰动词“hoped”，需要副词；real对应的副词really，表示“真正地，真心地”，故填really。 【68题详解】 句意：人们真心希望在购物时继续使用自带袋子来保护环境。结合“keep”以及“their own bags when shopping to help the environment”可知，此处指人们希望继续使用自带袋子，keep doing sth为固定搭配，表示“继续做某事”，因此空处需用use的动名词形式using。 【69题详解】 句意：该机构补充说，希望商店和市场仍然鼓励人们带上他们自己的袋子。结合“own bags”可知，空处需用形容词性物主代词修饰“own bags”，应用their。 【70题详解】 句意：政府早些时候表示，这项税收存在“一定负面影响”，比如纸袋使用量增加，家里垃圾桶需要购买更多塑料袋。increase此处是可数名词单数，发音以元音音素开头，an increase in…表示“……方面的增长”，应用不定冠词an。 六、书面表达（本题共20分） 71. 假如你是李华，回首三年多的初中时光，你一定取得了不少进步，学校英文报Teens栏目正在以“How I’ve Changed！”为题开展征文活动。请你根据下列提示，用英文写一封信给编辑，谈谈你的进步与变化。 写作要求： 1.不得使用真实姓名和学校名。 2.可适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。 3.字迹工整，语言精炼，表达准确、条理清晰。 4.词数100左右。 Dear editor, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 例文： Dear editor, How time flies! I have changed a lot in the past three years. I used to be thin and short. But now, I am strong and tall because I play sports every day. As for my personality, I was a little bit shy before. However, I am more outgoing now and I have made many good friends. I used to be dependent, but now I can take good care of myself. In my study, I used to get poor grades. Thanks to my teachers’ help, I do well in all my subjects now. In a word, I am happy with my changes. I will keep working hard to be a better person. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【详解】[第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：书信，以一般过去时和现在完成时为主 明确要点：介绍初中三年外貌、性格、生活、学习四个方面的变化 确定人称：第一人称（I/my） 注意事项：围绕“How I’ve Changed！”主题写作，完整覆盖全部写作要点；词数100左右；文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名。 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：总起，点明三年来自己变化很大 主体段：从外貌、性格、生活、学习四个方面对比过去与现在的不同 结尾段：总结，表达对自身变化的满意，表明会继续努力成为更好的人 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：外貌变化 过去thin and short/fat，现在strong and tall/fit；原因：play sports every day/eat healthy food等 要点二：性格变化 过去a little bit shy/quiet/afraid to speak in public，现在more outgoing/active/confident；结果：have made many good friends/take part in many school activities等 要点三：生活与学习变化 生活：过去depend on parents a lot/dependent，现在can take good care of myself /I can do many chores等 学习：过去get poor grades/hate studying；现在do well in all my subjects now/I am interested in lessons等 要点四：总结观点 I am happy with my changes. I will keep working hard to be a better person./look forward to further progress等 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 道里区2026年上学期英语学科培优习题Units 3-4 命题学校：哈尔滨市博雅中学校 一、单项选择（本题共10分，每小题1分） 1. ________ great influence Zhang Guimei has on her students! She has taught many poor girls to depend on themselves and let them live better. A. What B. What a C. How 2. Though the road ________ success is difficult, you’ll ________ it. A. of; make B. to; succeed C. to; make 3. —What makes it ________ for people to send and receive information at great speed and little cost? —The Internet, I think. A. convenient B. correct C. confident 4. —What do you think of the dishes? —I like all the dishes ________ the fish. I’m allergic (过敏的) to it. A. except B. besides C. with 5. —Sun Yingsha performed so well that she won the women’s singles medal at the 2024 Paris Olympics. —That’s right. You never reach your goals ________ you work hard. A. if B. when C. until 6. —I suggest ________ the mountain this Sunday. —I don’t agree. According to the weather forecast it will be rainy this weekend. A. to climb B. us climbing C. climbing 7. —Will the famous writer come to our school to give a talk? —Yes, he has decided to meet the students ________. A. in person B. in public C. in trouble 8. —Tom, I saw you carrying a box last night. I wanted to know ________. —Nothing important. Just some unwanted books. A. which was in the box B. what was in the box C. what in the box was 9. — Excuse me, could you tell me where I can get some good food quickly? —________, there’s a pizza restaurant down the street. A. Yes, I could. B. Sure, no problem. C. No, I’m busy. 10. —I ________ drive on the right in China. While now I must drive on the left in England. —Well, practice more and you will ________ it. A. used to; be used for B. am used to; used to C. used to; get used to 二、完形填空（本题共10分，每题1分） I’ve spent my life avoiding uncomfortable situations. As a work-from-home mother of three, I spent my days driving children to school and then sticking to my daily ____11____. I’d go to the same gym, shop at the same store, and walk the same neighborhood path. One fall morning, I was out on a walk with a close friend. This woman is independent and learned, to whom I often turn for advice. As we talked about our daily life, I changed the topic to ____12____. I admitted that I felt trapped (困住的) in my comfort zone but didn’t know how to walk out. The advice she gave me changed my life. “Starting small, get started no matter what,” she said. “Starting today, do something every day that ____13____ you.” I decided to ____14____ her advice and began to make conversations with the cashier (收银员) at my regular store and order something ____15____ at my favorite restaurant. I gave ____16____ permission (许可) to explore new and frightening opportunities. My wise friend’s advice became my life’s belief. In the years to come, following the advice ____17____ changed my life and opened doors I didn’t even know had been closed. Heart racing and stomach aching were once signs of danger, but now they were signs of opportunity. I get to try and fail, feel fear and choose to be ____18____ every single day. Fear is a ____19____. Without it, I’d still be at my regular seat asking for the same sandwich instead of sitting in a café telling the waiter to “surprise me”. Accepting opportunities that frighten me has ____20____ me with the knowledge that I can do hard things. 11. A. schedule B. exercise C. interest 12. A. independence B. fear C. knowledge 13. A. pleases B. frightens C. attracts 14. A. take B. share C. receive 15. A. new B. old C. interesting 16. A. him B. me C. myself 17. A. completely B. terribly C. hardly 18. A. anxious B. brave C. serious 19. A. matter B. moment C. gift 20. A. changed B. preferred C. provided 三、阅读理解（本题共20分，每小题1分） (A) What would it be like to be over 100 meters in the air? Besides taking a plane, there is a more interesting and relaxing way to experience it: having a ride on a Ferris wheel (摩天轮). The London Eye, England With a height of about 135 meters, the London Eye is one of the tallest Ferris wheels in Europe. There are 32 cars (轿厢) and each can carry 25 people at most. On the ride, people can get a view of London Tower, Buckingham Palace and Big Ben. One turn takes 30 minutes. The High Roller, the US It is one of the world’s tallest Ferris wheels. It is 168 meters tall. The High Roller first opened in Las Vegason on March 31st, 2014. A ride takes 30 minutes. You can also enjoy videos and music during the ride. Tianjin Eye, China Tianjin Eye is a 120-meter-tall Ferris wheel. It lies on a bridge over the Haihe River in Tianjin, China. The wheel has 48 cars. Each can take eight passengers. People can get good views of the city during the 30-minutetrip. Roue de Paris, France Roue de Paris looks like all the other Ferris wheels. It is about 60 meters tall and has 42 cars. But people can move it. Because of this, the big wheel has been to many other places like Manchester in the UK and Bangkok in Thailand. 21. How many passengers can the London Eye carry at most on one turn? A. 25 B. 32 C. 800 22. The High Roller, one of the world’s tallest Ferris wheels, is in ________. A. Paris B. America C. London 23. People can ________ during the trip of Tianjin Eye. A. enjoy videos and music B. get good views of the city C. get a view of London Tower, Buckingham Palace and Big Ben 24. Why has Roue de Paris been to many other places? A. Because it has many cars. B. Because people are moved by it. C. Because it can be moved by people. 25. Which of the following is TRUE? A. Tianjin Eye can bring you musical enjoyment. B. The ride on a ferris wheel is interesting and relaxing. C. Having a ride on the four ferris wheels needs the same time. (B) Lily Brown looked at the old photo on her desk. It was taken five years ago. The girl in the photo used to have short, curly hair and big glasses. She used to be very shy and hated speaking in front of the class. Her biggest fear was the school talent show. She used to think everyone would laugh at her. Back then, Lily’s only hobby was painting. She used to spend all her free time alone in her room, drawing pictures. She was good at it, but she never wanted to show her work to anyone. Her parents used to worry about her because she had very few friends. When Lily turned fourteen, she decided to make a change. She joined an online art community and started sharing her paintings. To her surprise, people loved them and gave her lots of encouragement. She slowly became more confident. Now, Lily is the president of the school art club. She loves meeting new people and organizing activities. She even performed in last year’s talent show — she gave a live painting demonstration! Her world has become much larger and brighter. She still wears glasses, but now they are a cool, modern pair she chose for herself. 根据短文内容判断正、误。（正确的涂“A”，错误的涂“B”） 26. Lily’s appearance has not changed at all in the past five years. 27. In the past, Lily was afraid of performing in the school talent show. 28. Lily’s parents were happy that she spent so much time alone. 29. People on the internet encouraged her and helped her become more confident. 30. Lily is still as shy as she used to be. (C) Why do we do the things we do? What drives our behavior? Researchers have suggested different ways of thinking about motivation (动机), including looking at whether motivation comes from outside or inside a person. Extrinsic (外来的) motivation is when you decide to do something because you want to get a reward or avoid punishment. Intrinsic (内在的) motivation is when you do something because you find it enjoyable. The behavior itself is its own reward. There are many advantages of intrinsic motivation. Firstly, it’s lasting. It makes people willing to face challenges and work hard to achieve their goals. Besides, people with intrinsic motivation have a greater sense of satisfaction. Most people think intrinsic motivation is best, but it is not always possible in every situation. Sometimes a person has an unpleasant task and he may not have internal (内部的) wish to complete it. That’s when we need extrinsic motivation. But studies have shown that offering too many external rewards (外部奖励) can reduce (减少) intrinsic motivation. For instance, in a study, the participants became less interested in the toys. Both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation play a key role in learning. Experts have argued that traditional education pays too much attention to external rewards, such as grades. This undermines the intrinsic motivation that students might already have. However, others have suggested that extrinsic motivation can help students feel more knowledgeable in class. It helps to build up their intrinsic motivation. Understanding how each type of motivation works and when it is likely to be useful can help people complete tasks and improve their learning. 31. Which of the following is intrinsic motivation? A. Mike practices chess because he wants the first prize. B. Frank studies math hard because he thinks it’s fun. C. Linda cleans her room to avoid being punished. 32. How does the writer explain “too many external rewards can reduce intrinsic motivation”? A. By telling stories. B. By listing numbers. C. By giving examples. 33. What does the underlined word “undermines” in Para.5 mean? A. Argues. B. Reduces. C. Encourages. 34. According to the passage, what is the potential (潜在的) positive effect of extrinsic motivation on students? A. It makes learning more enjoyable for them. B. It helps them feel more confident in their knowledge. C. It completely replaces their need for intrinsic motivation. 35. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Power of Intrinsic Motivation. B. The Facts about Extrinsic Motivation. C. Extrinsic vs Intrinsic Motivation. (D) There are three types of questions in English: direct, indirect, and question tags. People use these types of questions differently according to different situations. ____36____ Direct questions are either yes/ no questions such as “Are you married?” or information questions such as “Where do you live?”. It is certainly correct to ask so, but you can make it sound more polite by adding “excuse me” or “pardon me” to begin your question. ____37____ For example, we can say “Excuse me, could you please help me pick this up?” or “Would you mind if I sat here?” Remember that “please” should not appear at the beginning of the question. ____38____ Notice that an indirect question begins with a phrase (I wonder, Do you think, Would you mind, etc.), and the actual question is then placed in a positive sentence form. ____39____ We often use question tags when we check information that we think is correct. ____40____ If the voice goes up at the end of the sentence, we’re asking for more information. If the voice drops, we’re confirming (确认) information which is known. For example, you remember that Jack is from New York, but you are not sure about that. Then you can ask, “You live in New York, don’t you?” A. It’s also possible to use “could” or “would” in some situations. B. But all in all, each type can be used to ask polite questions. C. Direct questions are used more than indirect questions. D. For example, we can say “I wonder if you know what time it is.” E. We also use them to ask for more information by using different intonations (语调). F. Using indirect question forms is an especially polite way of asking questions. 四、任务性阅读（本题共20分，每小题1分） 先阅读（A）、（B）、（C）三篇短文，然后根据题目要求及所给语境完成下列三项任务。 (A)任务1： 阅读短文，用方框中所给词填空，使文章通顺、连贯、合理。方框中有一个词为多余选项。（每个单词限用一次） first rose graduating hard Looking back chosen carefully raised Wang Haoze was born in North China’s Hebei Province in March 1990. She is a team member of the Shenzhou-19 task and China’s ____41____ woman spaceflight engineer. Wang always did well in both high school and college, winning many awards for her achievements. She loved running and joined the school track team. She trained so ____42____ that she got the chance to compete in provincial sports events for her school. ____43____, she believes that without this physical training, she wouldn’t have built the strength needed to become an astronaut. After ____44____, she used her knowledge and creativity to contribute to China’s space program, especially in designing rockets. She managed to learn and improve when facing difficulties. In 2020, Wang Haoze was ____45____ to be one of China’s third group of astronauts. As an engineer-turned-astronaut, Wang has developed what she calls her two “magic keys” to success: practice hard and think ____46____. “I had to keep practicing, and after practicing nearly 1,000 times, I mastered the equipment for every docking simulation (对接模拟),” Wang said. Then the second one: deep thinking. “There are certain operations that need us to do more thinking in extravehicular (舱外的) training.” After passing many tests, finally she became part of the Shenzhou-19 task. As the countdown ended, Shenzhou-19 ____47____ into space, carrying Wang Haoze and her teammates into the China Space Station. It is the efforts and strong will that make her China’s first woman spaceflight engineer and the third woman astronaut. (B)任务2： 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 Some people have a very poor sense of direction. Unluckily, I am one of them. I have visited a place many times but I may still get lost there the next time. When I was a little girl, I never dared to ask strangers for directions, so I used to walk around in circles and hope that by chance I would get to the place I was going to. Now, I am no longer too shy to ask people for directions, but I often receive useless or even wrong information. I try to avoid giving people wrong directions. If anyone asks me the way somewhere, I would say, “Sorry, I am a stranger here.” Once on my way to work I was stopped by a man. He asked me if I could tell him the way to the Friendship Building. I gave him my usual reply. But just as I walked on only a few steps, I realized that he had asked the way to my office building. However, I had no time to turn back and look for him. I was rushing to meet with someone at my office and I didn’t want to keep him waiting. When I just got to my office, the secretary (秘书) showed the man who had asked me for directions there. Imagine how embarrassed I was and how surprised he was when we saw each other at the first sight. 48. When did the writer never dare to ask strangers for directions? _______________________________________________________ 49. Is the writer shy or outgoing to ask people for directions now? _______________________________________________________ 50. Why is the writer not willing to help those who fail to find their ways on the street? _______________________________________________________ 51. Did the man go to the writer’s office? _______________________________________________________ 52. Do you think what the writer did is right? Why or why not? _______________________________________________________ (C)任务3： Being a picky eater can mean a number of different things. It may describe someone who doesn’t like to try new foods, someone who prefers light meals, or someone who eats only a few foods. It’s quite common for children to be picky eaters. They may only like their pasta without salt, or their bread cut in a certain shape. According to a new study, picky eating is mostly caused by our genes (基因). Researchers in the U.K. have studied some identical and non-identical twins (同卵和异卵双胞胎) for many years. Identical twins share 100% of their genes, while non-identical twins share half on average. Studying these twins allowed the researchers to compare the eating habits of people who were genetically (遗传地) the same and those who weren’t, but still grew up in the same home together. Researchers chose more than 4,800 twins for the study. Their parents completed the question forms about how picky their children were aged 16 months, then again at the ages of 3, 5, 7 and 13 years old. From the results, the researchers found that the eating habits of identical twins were much more similar than those of non-identical twins. They also found that genetic changes explained 60% of the differences in food pickiness at 16 months, and 74% between the ages of 3 and 13. And the shared environment only explained 15% to 26% of these differences. However, the researchers added that environmental effects (作用) are still important: Parents can still influence their children’s eating habits by eating together as a family. 根据短文内容完成句子，每空一词。 ▲ Being a picky eater can refer to someone ____53____ dislikes ____54____ new foods, or one who only favors a limited range of dishes(有限的几样菜). ▲ Researchers in the U.K. started to ____55____ some identical and non-identical twins (同卵和异卵双胞胎) many years ____56____. ▲ ____57____ 4,800 twins were ____58____ for the study. ▲ ____59____ genes play a leading role, family eating together can still ____60____ children’s food preferences. 五、语法填空（本题共10分，每小题1分） People in Sweden no longer need to pay for plastic bags when they go shopping. On November 1, the government ended its tax (税) on plastic bags, which was about $0.26 per bag, though some stores charged (收费) even higher prices. The government said that the use of plastic bags ____61____ (drop) greatly since the tax was introduced in 2020, and it believes the tax is no ____62____ (long) necessary. ____63____, some worry that the use of plastic bags might go up again now that they are free, which could lead to more trash and environmental ____64____ (problem). In 2019, before shoppers had to pay ____65____ their bags, people in Sweden used 74 plastic bags per person every year. In 2023, they used 17 per person every year, which is much lower than the ____66____ (Europe) Union (欧盟) goal of 40 per person every year. But many people, including Sweden’s Environmental Protection Agency, think the tax should have been kept for longer. It is ____67____ (real) hoped that people will keep ____68____ (use) their own bags when shopping to help the environment. The agency said: “We don’t know what will happen now.” It added that it hoped stores and markets would still encourage people to bring ____69____ (they) own bags. The government said earlier that the tax had “certain bad effects (影响)”, such as ____70____ increase in the use of paper bags, and an increased need to buy more plastic bags for trash cans at home. 六、书面表达（本题共20分） 71. 假如你是李华，回首三年多的初中时光，你一定取得了不少进步，学校英文报Teens栏目正在以“How I’ve Changed！”为题开展征文活动。请你根据下列提示，用英文写一封信给编辑，谈谈你的进步与变化。 写作要求： 1.不得使用真实姓名和学校名。 2.可适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。 3.字迹工整，语言精炼，表达准确、条理清晰。 4.词数100左右。 Dear editor, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $