精品解析：上海市复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年高二上学期月考一英语试题

复旦附中高二上月考一 英语 （考试时间 120 分钟，满分 150 分） 2025.10 I. Listening Comprehension (25 分) Section A (10%) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Riding a horse. B. Taking a photo. C. Playing a game. D. Shooting a movie. 2. A. It serves the woman right to get a poor grade. B. It is unfair of the teacher to give the woman a C. C. The woman will benefit from the effort she’s put in. D. The woman should work harder to improve her grades. 3. A. Workmates. B. Husband and wife. C. Boss and secretary. D. Father and daughter. 4. A. She doesn’t like the way Americans speak. B. Her English is still poor after ten years in America. C. She doesn’t mind speaking English with an accent. D. She speaks English as if she were a native speaker. 5. A. The woman regrets going to see the movie. B. The woman prefers love movies to violence ones. C. The woman saw a comedy instead of a horror movie. D. The man recommended a comedy to the woman. 6. A. They are equally competent for the job. B. They’ll both do the hair for the woman. C. They have lots of differences. D. They are both willing to dye the woman’s hair. 7. A. At a bookstore. B. At an art museum. C. At a newspaper office. D. At a gymnasium. 8. A. Samuel is very responsible. B. Samuel’s words aren’t reliable. C. What Samuel said is true. D. Samuel is not humorous at all. 9. A. The man owed his success to the woman. B. The man depended on the woman. C. The woman thought the man won the award by luck. D. The woman worked hard and was given an award. 10.A. Mrs. Smith’s ideas are nonsense. B. She partly agrees with Mrs. Smith’s views. C. Mrs. Smith is good at expressing her ideas. D. She shares the woman’s views on social welfare. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Mouth guards for herself. B. Nose clips for herself. C. Earplugs for her husband. D. Pushing her husband in dreams. 12. A. Because it is equipped with four pressure‑sensing airbags. B. Because it is attached to an outside microphone. C. Because the microphone helps detect her husband snoring. D. Because it stops her husband’s snoring by changing his head’s position. 13. A. That they are not available in real life. B. That they are amazing and quite beneficial. C. That they are sure to change the world. D. That they are just fictional inventions. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. That we can do many things at the same time. B. That multitasking is a rarely natural everyday occurrence. C. That our brains will quickly shift from one task to another. D. That human beings have overcome the limitations of our brains. 15. A. When we talk to a friend while walking down the street. B. When we cook dinner while watching a TV show. C. When driving and chatting at the same time. D. When you imagine your friend’s new apartment while driving. 16. A. The language channel of the brain often gets blocked. B. All the people can drive and have a conversation at the same time. C. Experts don’t think it possible for humans to overcome the limitations during multitasking. D. People only need to process visual information like road signs when driving. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Because she is a professional gardener. B. Because she can save money by planting vegetables. C. Because planting brings her many benefits. D. Because planting enables her to live a safe life. 18. A. Giving off pleasant smell. B. Serving as a healthy vegetable. C. Helping us clean the garbage cans. D. Keeping the can smelling fresh for a long time. 19. A. A more nutritious onion. B. A more tasty onion. C. A good‑looking onion. D. An onion that won’t make you cry. 20. A. The man will try planting vegetables after he goes home. B. The man prefers new breed onions to traditional ones. C. The man loves genetically modified vegetables. D. The man seldom eats onion for he hates to chop it. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (25 分) Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. When I first visited Switzerland that winter vacation, I was totally ________ by the magic of its breathtaking scenery. A. blown B. dominated C. clouded D. overwhelmed 2. In the latest deadly attack to hit Turkey, a car bomber and a suicide bomber both set off explosives ________ near a stadium in Istanbul on Dec 10, killing at least 38 people and injuring more than 150. A. in quick succession B. on full alert C. in full flow D. on the agenda 3. Job losses and supply scarcity coupled with more liberal spending habits ________ it unattractive and difficult for millennials to own a house. Thus, they ________ flexible options like renting. A. making; relate to B. makes; slip into C. made; tend to D. make; lean towards 4. Given this critical period, parents should take children with symptoms like fever and throat pain to the hospital for ________ diagnosis and treatment. A. regular B. tricky C. prompt D. immense 5. The annual fund‑________ initiative ________ to ________ the underprivileged locals out of poverty. A. lifting; intends; raise B. raising; intends; lift C. lifting; is intended; raise D. raising; is intended; lift 6. The current hit movie “B for Busy” makes me feel that we can travel far and wide, ________ bittersweet life, but in the end, we come back to our little houses and spend time with our favorite people. Perhaps that’s the ________ of the story. A. taste; moral B. tasting; moral C. taste; morality D. tasting; morality 7. Bookstores hold an eternal appeal for me and I will just pick a book, hide in a corner and let time ________ away like ________ water. A. slide; streaming B. skip; draining C. slip; flowing D. flip; floating 8. I’m glad to say that I ________ my three years of high school life in such a way that my life course was shaped and illuminated. A. reached for B. empathized with C. rounded off D. ended up 9. When I was not quite myself, encountering such maddening difficulty when completing the simplest tasks was quite the ________ experience. A. humbled B. humbling C. comforted D. comforting 10. To keep viewers, hosts must cheat, either throwing up after the show, or cutting scenes ________ they ________ out food they’ve chewed, making viewers believe they have actually eaten everything. A. that; spat B. that; spit C. where; spat D. where; spit 11. Last week I lost my cellphone. After I rummaged through my pockets and bags in vain, I racked my brain but failed to recall where on earth I might have lost it. Great anxiety ________ me. A. bowed to B. gnawed at C. swore to D. glared at 12. Intending ________ out of the classroom unnoticed, he bumped into his class teacher who was coming back to collect the research papers he had assigned to the students. A. sneaking B. to sneak C. being sneaked D. to have sneaked 13. For someone who has just gone through an unbearable loss, please take it easy on yourself. I’m not sure ________ time is a healer, but it will show you how to live with the feelings you ________. A. if; will experience B. that; have experienced C. whether; are experiencing D. that; are experiencing 14. People post photographs on social media of clothes they have repaired or made in the name of slow fashion, but most sewers remain female. The “sew bros” — ________ coined by Esquire magazine for men — have been met with raised eyebrows ________ revealing their hobby to others. A. when; though B. which; while C. who; which D. as; when 15. Many TV shows today reinforce stereotypical and sexist aesthetics. We cannot easily change the media; however, we can change our mindsets. Remember to learn to love yourself just ________ you are and ________ you judge others, there is always much more to people ________ meets the eye. A. as; that; which B. the way; before; than C. like; before; that D. what; that; who Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A.addressing B. boundaries C. generative D. initially E. remove F. approved G. aboriginally H. released I. sample J. overtake K. traffic The exploration of vast space, the manipulation of genes for medical treatment, the growth of green technology, the advancement of AI… Science and technology know no ____16____. What wonders await in 2025? Space “____17____” this year will be no less busy than in 2024, with global space agencies pursuing ambitious goals. China launched its first mission of the year on Jan 7 with a Long March 3B rocket. The country’s 2025 plan also includes Shenzhou manned missions and Tianzhou cargo missions to the Tiangong space station, along with the Tianwen‑2 mission to ____18____ a near‑Earth asteroid. The US plans to conduct several lunar missions with companies like Intuitive Machines, and SpaceX’s Starship hopes to complete 25 test flights throughout the year. Additionally, a collaboration between China and the European Union will see the launch of the SMILE satellite to study the interaction between solar wind and Earth’s magnetic field, enhancing our understanding of the Sun‑Earth relationship. Genome editing, or gene editing, will continue to inspire enthusiasm in 2025. It comprises a group of technologies that allow scientists to add, ____19____ or alter genetic materials at particular locations on the long stretches of DNA of living beings, including humans. In this way, certain diseases, like cancer and diabetes, can be treated by ____20____ their root causes rather than relying on medication or surgery. One of the most popular tools is CRISPR, “genetic scissors” that won Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna the Nobel Prize in 2020. The first CRISPR treatment, Casgevy, was ____21____ in the UK and the US in 2023 for two blood disorders. Over 30 CRISPR trials were ongoing worldwide by October 2024, and more are expected this year. Last year was the hottest on record, highlighting the significance of green technology in 2025. One key green technology is carbon capture and storage (CCS), which involves separating CO₂ from other gases at emission sources before they are ____22____ into the atmosphere, and transporting the CO₂ to an underground location to be stored. CCS projects are now storing about 45 million tons of CO₂ yearly, roughly equal to the emissions of 10 million cars. In 2025, Norway will complete Europe’s first full‑scale CCS project, and the UK will invest around 160 billion yuan in similar projects. The growth of clean energy continues, with wind and solar power expected to ____23____ coal in electricity generation. Tech giants like Google and Microsoft are also turning to nuclear energy to power their AI data centers. Generative AI like ChatGPT brought major changes in 2024. In 2025, AI agents that can sense and make decisions independently will be a top technology trend, predicts the US firm Gartner. By 2028, these AI agents will likely be handling 15 percent of day‑to‑day work decisions, said the firm. Unlike ____24____ AI, which creates content based on prompts, agentic AI is proactive and solves complex problems on its own. AI agents _____25_____ will handle routine tasks like filling reports. Eventually, they will manage systems independently. For example, an app‑based agent can plan your vacation by booking flights, hotels and restaurants, remembering your preferences. III. Reading Comprehension (45 分) Section A (15 分) Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Just as our earth is a mix of terrain — from grassy hills and rivers to volcanoes and deserts — so is it filled with many types of ____26____. While some people are as serene as an ancient forest, others are about as uncomfortable as a bed of rocks. What happens when one of these people plays a major role in our lives? Perhaps it’s a boss, parent, friend or sibling. How does one stay kind and forgiving and yet keep personal boundaries and a sense of ____27____? In his timeless book Don’t ____28____ the Small Stuff, author Richard Carlson gives us a very helpful strategy for dealing with difficult people. In tip 11, he suggests imagining that everyone is ____29____ except for you. In other words, we should think of life as a school with ongoing pop quizzes. The teachers are everywhere, acting out various scenarios to help push our growth. Behind this simple strategy lies a profound spiritual ____30____. According to Carlson, you are essentially changing your perception from “____31____ are they doing this to me?” to “What are they trying to teach me?” For example, let’s say that your mother‑in‑law randomly throws in personal jabs to make you feel like an inferior wife and not good enough to be with her son. Instead of taking these ____32____ to heart, imagine her as being sent straight from the Universe as a real flesh‑and‑blood life lesson from which you can grow. This is your chance to really anchor yourself in the truth of who you know yourself to be, rather than allowing another person to ____33____ you of false inferiority. It is in the ____34____ times that our level of growth thus far is revealed. And only then can we recognize and strive for higher ground. Difficult circumstances — and difficult people — tend to _____35_____ our innermost feelings rather than create them. For instance, have you ever judged someone for a particular action when you ended up doing that same thing a few years later? Perhaps you had just never been in that situation before or had never experienced that level of temptation. That incident may have occurred in your life to reveal that you do have those same _____36_____ — they had just never been triggered. When we are forced to interact with people who are hard to love, we are given the opportunity to _____37_____ exponentially. Employees who must deal with competitive and manipulative coworkers, for example, now have a golden opportunity to choose the honest path and to develop a deeper level of faith that everything will _____38_____ in the end. Parents of children with behavior problems are offered the opportunity to develop patience and deep unconditional love. After all, if you were _____39_____ by easygoing and adoring people all day long, it would be harder to face (or even recognize) that hidden inner tendency you might have to look to others for approval. So when difficult people are really getting to you, try to find a way to be _____40_____ for the lesson. They are here to push you so that you may grow into the person you were always meant to be. 26. A. communities B. celebrities C. individuals D. ingredients 27. A. proportion B. justice C. humour D. dignity 28. A. Postpone B. Stretch C. Swear D. Challenge 29. A. pretentious B. genuine C. enlightened D. narrow‑minded 30. A. perception B. truth C. need D. quality 31. A. How B. When C. Whether D. Why 32. A. insults B. jokes C. encouragements D. alerts 33. A. require B. convince C. remind D. warn 34. A. inconvenient B. leisure C. adventurous D. hard 35. A. hide B. reveal C. remove D. employ 36. A. temptations B. talents C. tendencies D. triggers 37. A. grow B. expand C. develop D. increase 38. A. work out B. set in C. get down D. carry on 39. A. stranded B. stretched C. sympathized D. surrounded 40. A. celebrated B. grateful C. qualified D. essential Section B (22 分) Directions: Read the following passage. Each passage is followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Hepburn and Givenchy: a Fashion Love Story PARIS was already the fashion capital of the world by the 1950s. It was the home of Coco Chanel, the revolutionary designer who was popular for wearing her string of pearls. It was a center for artists from all walks of life. Hubert de Givenchy, an unknown designer in his twenties, opened his first house in Paris in February 1952. Little did he know that a year later, his life would change after meeting a girl named Audrey Hepburn. Hepburn, fresh from the success of her hit film Roman Holiday, was on a journey to Paris in the summer of 1953. She was there to purchase French clothing for her upcoming film Sabrina. Having heard of Givenchy’s modern designs, the 24‑year‑old actress soon scheduled a visit to his house. When the designer heard that a movie actress with the surname Hepburn was due to pay him a visit, he assumed that he would be meeting Katharine, the Hollywood legend. He was confused when a girl appeared at his door with large, attractive eyes and wearing a plain striped T‑shirt and trousers. Givenchy was busy preparing for his fall presentation, so he told Hepburn that he had no time to design a wardrobe for Sabrina. Despite being turned down, Hepburn would not give up. She invited him to dinner, which was unusual for a woman to do back then. Givenchy accepted her call, and it was at that dinner that he was taken by her charm. Their fruitful professional and lifelong personal friendship began. For the next four decades, Hepburn wore Givenchy with great devotion. Most famously, in the opening scene of Breakfast at Tiffany’s, she wore a “little black dress” made out of silk when having a croissant outside Tiffany’s windows on Fifth Avenue. The dress is said to be one of the most famous and influential pieces of clothing of the 20th century. Many designers have a muse, but the Hepburn‑Givenchy relationship was something more symbiotic. With Hepburn as his muse, Givenchy drew inspiration for his designs from her slender body, elegance and movie star charm. On the other hand, Hepburn was so fascinated by Givenchy’s work that she kept loyal to him over the years. Most of her casual wear was designed by Givenchy as well. It may not be a traditional love story, but love may come in different forms. For Hepburn and Givenchy, the friendship endured the test of time because of their respect for each other, fueled by the two things they loved: fashion and the movies. 41. According to the article, it was in the early 1950s that Hubert de Givenchy ________. A. rose to fame with Coco Chanel B. started his own business in Paris C. met Katharine Hepburn for the first time D. designed the wardrobe for Roman Holiday 42. Which words best describe Audrey Hepburn when she first met Givenchy? A. Good‑looking and persistent. B. Attractive and nervous. C. Bad‑tempered and stubborn. D. Ordinary and shy. 43. The underlined word in the 6th paragraph probably describes a relationship between people who ________. A. take advantage of each other B. are totally different from each other C. know nothing about each other D. depend on each other equally 44. According to the article, Givenchy formed a lifelong friendship with Hepburn mainly because ________. A. he was taken by her charm B. she served as his muse C. they had common interests D. they cared for each other (B) Finally, a cell phone That’s...a phone With rates as low as $3.75 per week! “Well, I finally did it. I finally decided to enter the digital age and get a cell phone. My kids have been annoying me and the last straw was when my car broke down, and I was stuck by the highway for an hour before someone stopped to help. But when I went to the cell phone store, I almost changed my mind. The phones all have cameras, computers and a ‘global‑positioning’ something or other that’s supposed to spot me from space. Goodness, all I want to do is to be able to talk to my grandkids! The people at the store weren’t much help. They couldn’t understand why someone wouldn’t want a phone the size of a postage stamp. And the rate plans! They were confusing, and expensive... and the contract lasted for two years! I’d almost given up until a friend told me about her new Jitterbug phone. Now, I have the convenience and safety of being able to stay in touch with a phone I can actually use.” Affordable plans that I can understand — and no contract to sign! Unlike other cell phones, Jitterbug has plans that make sense. Why should I pay for minutes I’m never going to use? And if I do talk more than I plan, I won’t find myself with no minutes like one of my friends who has a prepaid phone. Best of all, there is no contract to sign — so I’m not locked in for years at a time. The U.S.‑based customer service is second to none. And the phone gets service anywhere in the country. Call now and receive a FREE gift when you order. Try Jitterbug for 30 days and if you don’t love it, just return it! Why wait, the Jitterbug comes ready to use right out of the box. If you aren’t as happy with it as I am, you can return it and get your money back. Call now, the Jitterbug product experts are ready to answer your questions. Call 1‑888‑809‑8794 or visit www.jitterbug.direct.com. 45. What made “I” finally think of getting a cell phone? A. Being stuck by the highway. B. Being urged by his grandkids. C. Being persuaded by cell phone salespersons. D. Being attracted by the friendly return policy. 46. An advantage of Jitterbug mentioned in the passage is ________. A. its discount price with a free gift B. its reasonable rate plans without a contract C. its “global‑positioning” system with 911 access D. its good customer service all over the world 47. The main purpose of the passage is to ________. A. tell a customer’s story of Jitterbug B. provide two ways to order Jitterbug C. give a brief introduction to Jitterbug D. attract potential customers to Jitterbug (C) Life places us in a complex web of relationships with other people. Our humanness arises out of these relationships in the course of social interaction. Moreover, our humanness must be sustained through social interaction — and fairly constantly so. When an association continues long enough for two people to become linked together by a relatively stable set of expectations, it is called a relationship. People are bound within relationships by two types of bonds: expressive ties and instrumental ties. Expressive ties are social links formed when we emotionally invest ourselves in and commit ourselves to other people. Through association with people who are meaningful to us, we achieve a sense of security, love, acceptance, companionship, and personal worth. Instrumental ties are social links formed when we cooperate with other people to achieve some goal. Occasionally, this may mean working with instead of against competitors. More often, we simply cooperate with others to reach some end without endowing the relationship with any larger significance. Sociologists have built on the distinction between expressive and instrumental ties to distinguish between two types of groups: primary and secondary. A primary group involves two or more people who enjoy a direct, intimate, cohesive relationship with one another. Expressive ties predominate in primary groups; we view the people as ends in themselves and valuable in their own right. A secondary group entails two or more people who are involved in an impersonal relationship and have come together for a specific, practical purpose. Instrumental ties predominate in secondary groups; we perceive people as means to ends rather than as ends in their own right. Sometimes primary group relationships evolve out of secondary group relationships. This happens in many work settings. People on the job often develop close relationships with coworkers as they come to share gripes, jokes, gossip, and satisfactions. 48. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of a relationship? A. It is a structure of associations with many people. B. It should be studied in the course of a social interaction. C. It places great demands on people. D. It develops gradually over time. 49. Which of the following can be inferred about instrumental ties from the author’s mention of working with competitors in paragraph 2? A. Instrumental ties can develop even in situations in which people would normally not cooperate. B. Instrumental ties require as much emotional investment as expressive ties. C. Instrumental ties involve security, love, and acceptance. D. Instrumental ties should be expected to be significant. 50. According to paragraph 3, what do sociologists see as the main difference between primary and secondary groups? A. Primary groups consist of people working together while secondary groups exist outside of work settings. B. In primary groups people are seen as means while in secondary groups people are seen as ends. C. Primary groups involve personal relationships while secondary groups are mainly practical in purpose. D. Primary groups are generally small while secondary groups often contain more than two people. 51. Which of the following can be inferred from the author’s claim in paragraph 3 that primary group relationships sometimes evolve out of secondary group relationships? A. Secondary group relationships begin by being primary group relationships. B. A secondary group relationship that is highly visible quickly becomes a primary group relationship. C. Sociologists believe that only primary group relationships are important to society. D. Even in secondary groups, frequent communication serves to bring people into close relationships. Section C (8 分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Class Clowns Please WANTED: smart, fit and unflappable (临危不乱的) applicants for humanity’s first mission to Mars. Must have: crazy wig, oversized boots and a big red nose. NASA plans to fly astronauts around the moon as part of its preparation for a crewed mission to Mars as early as 2033. A mission to Mars is no easy job. On average, the red planet is 140 million miles from Earth and the travel time one way is around eight months. The distance alone is expected to cause harm to their mental health. Astronauts must also face a time delay in communications of up to 20 minutes each way. ____52____ The crew are effectively on their own. Jeffery Johnson, an anthropologist at the University of Florida, is now working with NASA to explore whether class clowns are vital for the success of long space missions. Early results suggest they are. “____53____” said Johnson. “It’s vital that you have somebody who can help everyone get along, so that they can do their jobs and get there and back safely. It’s mission‑critical.” Johnson spent four years studying overwintering crews in Antarctica. ____54____ One isolated salmon fisherman he observed endured a mock funeral and burial in the tundra. However, nobody ignored his important role in building bridges between researchers and contractors. Historically, the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen also appreciated the importance of the expedition clown. In 1910, he picked the large, cheerful chef Adolf Lindstrom for his attempt to reach the South Pole, knowing that Lindstrom’s joie de vivre (生活的乐趣) would relieve the stress of homesickness and the long polar nights. “He has offered greater and more valuable services to the Norwegian polar expedition than any other man,” Amundsen noted in his diary. Lindstrom was a great entertainer who helped keep up spirits and morale over the long winter. ____55____ But there is more to it than making people laugh. Being funny won’t be enough for someone to land the job, after all. A. Researchers have found that the success of a future mission to the red planet may depend on the ship having a class clown. B. He found that class clowns in the crew would not mind being joked about. C. In an emergency, there will be no time to call mission control. D. When you are living with others in a very small space for a long period of time, tensions are likely to grow. E. His role was informal, yet critical for maintaining group cohesion in the extreme environment. F. It is enough to make Neil Armstrong, the first astronaut to walk on the Moon, spin in his grave. 第二卷 IV. Productive Grammar (10 分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How lonely are you? Sometimes living alone or being in a remote location with ____56____ around to talk to can give you the feeling of despair and isolation. It’s not a great feeling. There’s a common stereotype that it’s something that affects older people more, but research has found that loneliness is something that can affect us all, ____57____ our age. There’s a familiar phrase that says it’s possible to be lonely in a crowd — despite ____58____ (surround) by hundreds of people, you think you have nobody to talk to or to connect with and ____59____ nobody wants to listen to you anyway. It’s probably not true, but loneliness is seen as a big problem for the mental health of the population wherever they live — so much so that the British government even has ____60____ minister for loneliness. The BBC recently completed a survey about the topic and it found that people aged between 16 and 24 experience loneliness more often and more intensely than any other age group. Researchers from the University of Manchester who analyzed the data, suggested feeling lonely may plague the young because it’s a time of changing identity — figuring out your place in the world and ____61____ learning to regulate emotions. Psychology lecturer and BBC presenter Claudia Hammond says that “it’s tempting to conclude that something about modern life is putting young people at a higher risk of loneliness, but when we asked older people in our survey about the loneliest times in their lives, they also said it was ____62____ they were young.” The issue is certainly being talked about more. And in the UK, the Minister for Loneliness Tracey Crouch has said that “the government now recognizes loneliness as one of the biggest health challenges we face.” She also said there needs to be a “national conversation” to end the stigma about admitting to ____63____ (feel) lonely. The BBC Loneliness Experiment also found the type of culture you live in has implications for loneliness. People from cultures which tend to put a high value on independence, such as Northern Europe and the US, revealed they would be ____64____ (likely) to tell a colleague about their loneliness. But in cultures where extended family ____65____ (emphasise), such as in Southern Europe, Latin America, Asia and Africa, older women in particular were at lower risk of feeling lonely. V. Summary Writing (10 分) 66. Building a Greener Future Year after year, Earth’s precious resources are becoming increasingly scarce. Still people need materials to build new houses, office buildings and schools. There’s only one solution to this problem: do more with less. That’s what sustainable construction is all about. Advocates of sustainable construction believe the entire building process can be done without harming the environment, and by doing so, the earth is kept sustainable for future generations. To make these green buildings possible, however, the process must be implemented from the beginning. Picture a city government that wants to build a green office building. The first thing these city planners would do is select a site with a small environmental impact. Ideally, they would choose a site that had already been developed, thus keeping the forests and grasslands protected. Next, city planners would turn their attention toward the construction process. Only green materials could be used to build their office towers. These include wood, steel, and other materials that have been recycled from destroyed buildings. If possible, they have been manufactured, recovered, or resourced locally. The closer that these green materials are to the construction site, the less energy is wasted getting them to where they’re needed. Maintenance costs are the next important factors that need to be considered. City planners would design heating and cooling systems that use as little energy as possible. They would fit solar roof panels that will absorb the heat from the sun to power the building. Toilets and sinks designed to minimize water waste would be fitted throughout the building. These efficiencies don’t just help to protect the environment; they can save money over the long run as well. After all this was finished, the city planners would relax and maybe even throw a party. They have designed a building that was green at every step — the golden rule of sustainable construction. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ VI. Translation (3+3+4+5=15 分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 67. 事实上，正是出于同理心，人们才会乐意资助一些身处困境中的孩子. （it）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________________________ 68. 忍受着过度的压力，她一受挫就爱拿家人出气，最后窗户紧闭，反省错误。(end up) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 69. 当评估该方案的效果时，我们应该把利弊都考虑进去，这样才能做到客观公正。(account) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 70. “数字慈善”是激发公众参与慈善的新方式，通过它，数字转账能处理得更高效，受灾地区资源也能分配得更合理. （which）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________________________ VII. Guided Writing (20 分) 71. Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是启明中学李华，看到电视台有报道说很多超市有大量临近保质期的食物，针对这些食物如何处理想征集观众意见，你很有感触遂写信给电台表达想法，信件内容包含： 1. 对如何处理这些临近保质期的食品提出建议； 2. 提出这些建议的理由。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦附中高二上月考一 英语 （考试时间 120 分钟，满分 150 分） 2025.10 I. Listening Comprehension (25 分) Section A (10%) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Riding a horse. B. Taking a photo. C. Playing a game. D. Shooting a movie. 2. A. It serves the woman right to get a poor grade. B. It is unfair of the teacher to give the woman a C. C. The woman will benefit from the effort she’s put in. D. The woman should work harder to improve her grades. 3. A. Workmates. B. Husband and wife. C. Boss and secretary. D. Father and daughter. 4. A. She doesn’t like the way Americans speak. B. Her English is still poor after ten years in America. C. She doesn’t mind speaking English with an accent. D. She speaks English as if she were a native speaker. 5. A. The woman regrets going to see the movie. B. The woman prefers love movies to violence ones. C. The woman saw a comedy instead of a horror movie. D. The man recommended a comedy to the woman. 6. A. They are equally competent for the job. B. They’ll both do the hair for the woman. C. They have lots of differences. D. They are both willing to dye the woman’s hair. 7. A. At a bookstore. B. At an art museum. C. At a newspaper office. D. At a gymnasium. 8. A. Samuel is very responsible. B. Samuel’s words aren’t reliable. C. What Samuel said is true. D. Samuel is not humorous at all. 9. A. The man owed his success to the woman. B. The man depended on the woman. C. The woman thought the man won the award by luck. D. The woman worked hard and was given an award. 10.A. Mrs. Smith’s ideas are nonsense. B. She partly agrees with Mrs. Smith’s views. C. Mrs. Smith is good at expressing her ideas. D. She shares the woman’s views on social welfare. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Mouth guards for herself. B. Nose clips for herself. C. Earplugs for her husband. D. Pushing her husband in dreams. 12. A. Because it is equipped with four pressure‑sensing airbags. B. Because it is attached to an outside microphone. C. Because the microphone helps detect her husband snoring. D. Because it stops her husband’s snoring by changing his head’s position. 13. A. That they are not available in real life. B. That they are amazing and quite beneficial. C. That they are sure to change the world. D. That they are just fictional inventions. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. That we can do many things at the same time. B. That multitasking is a rarely natural everyday occurrence. C. That our brains will quickly shift from one task to another. D. That human beings have overcome the limitations of our brains. 15. A. When we talk to a friend while walking down the street. B. When we cook dinner while watching a TV show. C. When driving and chatting at the same time. D. When you imagine your friend’s new apartment while driving. 16. A. The language channel of the brain often gets blocked. B. All the people can drive and have a conversation at the same time. C. Experts don’t think it possible for humans to overcome the limitations during multitasking. D. People only need to process visual information like road signs when driving. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Because she is a professional gardener. B. Because she can save money by planting vegetables. C. Because planting brings her many benefits. D. Because planting enables her to live a safe life. 18. A. Giving off pleasant smell. B. Serving as a healthy vegetable. C. Helping us clean the garbage cans. D. Keeping the can smelling fresh for a long time. 19. A. A more nutritious onion. B. A more tasty onion. C. A good‑looking onion. D. An onion that won’t make you cry. 20. A. The man will try planting vegetables after he goes home. B. The man prefers new breed onions to traditional ones. C. The man loves genetically modified vegetables. D. The man seldom eats onion for he hates to chop it. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (25 分) Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. When I first visited Switzerland that winter vacation, I was totally ________ by the magic of its breathtaking scenery. A. blown B. dominated C. clouded D. overwhelmed 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：那个寒假第一次游览瑞士时，我完全被它那令人惊叹的美景的魅力所震撼。A. blown吹；B. dominated支配；C. clouded使模糊；D. overwhelmed使深受震撼，使倾倒。根据后文“the magic of its breathtaking scenery”可知，令人惊叹的美景带给人强烈的震撼感受。 2. In the latest deadly attack to hit Turkey, a car bomber and a suicide bomber both set off explosives ________ near a stadium in Istanbul on Dec 10, killing at least 38 people and injuring more than 150. A. in quick succession B. on full alert C. in full flow D. on the agenda 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：在最近一次袭击土耳其的致命事件中，一名汽车炸弹袭击者和一名自杀式炸弹袭击者于12月10日在伊斯坦布尔的一个体育场附近接连引爆了爆炸物，造成至少38人死亡，150多人受伤。 A. in quick succession紧接着，连续地；B. on full alert全面戒备；C. in full flow滔滔不绝，全速进行；D. on the agenda在议程上。根据“a car bomber and a suicide bomber both set off explosives”可知，两名袭击者是接连引爆了炸弹，所以A项符合语境。 3. Job losses and supply scarcity coupled with more liberal spending habits ________ it unattractive and difficult for millennials to own a house. Thus, they ________ flexible options like renting. A. making; relate to B. makes; slip into C. made; tend to D. make; lean towards 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：失业和供应短缺，再加上更为随性的消费习惯，使得千禧一代买房缺乏吸引力且十分困难。因此，他们倾向于租房这类灵活的选择。A. making使得；relate to与……相关；B. makes使得；slip into陷入；C. made使得；tend to倾向于；D. make使得；lean towards倾向于。本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，根据主语“Job losses and supply scarcity coupled with more liberal spending habits”为复数，谓语动词用原形make，再结合后文“flexible options like renting”可知，此处表达倾向租房这类选择，第二空用lean towards。 4. Given this critical period, parents should take children with symptoms like fever and throat pain to the hospital for ________ diagnosis and treatment. A. regular B. tricky C. prompt D. immense 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：鉴于这个关键时期，父母应该带出现发烧和喉咙痛等症状的孩子去医院进行及时的诊断和治疗。A. regular定期的；B. tricky棘手的；C. prompt及时的；D. immense巨大的。根据题干中的“critical period”以及孩子出现的发烧和喉咙痛等症状可知，此处是指去医院进行及时的诊断和治疗。 5. The annual fund‑________ initiative ________ to ________ the underprivileged locals out of poverty. A. lifting; intends; raise B. raising; intends; lift C. lifting; is intended; raise D. raising; is intended; lift 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：这项年度筹款活动旨在帮助当地弱势群体摆脱贫困。第一空是固定复合名词fund‑raising，意为“筹款”；第二空为固定搭配be intended to do，表示“旨在、目的是”，主语initiative（倡议）与intend之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以使用被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词为is intended；第三空为固定搭配lift sb out of poverty，意为“使某人摆脱贫困”。 6. The current hit movie “B for Busy” makes me feel that we can travel far and wide, ________ bittersweet life, but in the end, we come back to our little houses and spend time with our favorite people. Perhaps that’s the ________ of the story. A. taste; moral B. tasting; moral C. taste; morality D. tasting; morality 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：当前热映的电影《爱情神话》（B for Busy）让我觉得，我们可以走得很远，品味苦乐参半的生活，但最终，我们还是会回到我们的小房子里，和我们最喜欢的人共度时光。也许这就是这个故事的寓意。第一空为非谓语动词作状语，主语“we”与动词“taste”之间是逻辑上的主动关系，所以用现在分词tasting作伴随状语。第二空，“the moral of the story”为固定搭配，意为“故事的寓意”，moral作名词时意为“寓意，教训”，符合语境；而morality意为“道德”，不符合语境。 7. Bookstores hold an eternal appeal for me and I will just pick a book, hide in a corner and let time ________ away like ________ water. A. slide; streaming B. skip; draining C. slip; flowing D. flip; floating 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：书店对我有着永恒的吸引力，我会随手拿一本书，躲在角落，任由时光如流水般悄然流逝。A. slide滑行；streaming流淌；B. skip跳过；draining排空；C. slip溜走；flowing流动；D. flip轻抛；floating漂浮。根据“let time”以及后文“water”可知，此处为固定搭配表示“时光流逝”，所以使用slip away，flowing water表示“流水”。 8. I’m glad to say that I ________ my three years of high school life in such a way that my life course was shaped and illuminated. A. reached for B. empathized with C. rounded off D. ended up 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：我很高兴地说，我圆满结束了三年的高中生活，我的人生轨迹由此得到塑造与启迪。A. reached for伸手去拿；B. empathized with共情，体谅；C. rounded off圆满完成，使圆满结束；D. ended up最终成为。根据后文“my three years of high school life”可知，此处表达圆满度过、结束高中生活。 9. When I was not quite myself, encountering such maddening difficulty when completing the simplest tasks was quite the ________ experience. A. humbled B. humbling C. comforted D. comforting 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：当我状态不佳时，在完成最简单的任务时遇到如此令人发狂的困难，真是一次令人感到谦卑的经历。A. humbled感到谦卑的；B. humbling令人感到谦卑的；C. comforted感到安慰的；D. comforting令人安慰的。根据句意，在完成简单任务时遇到困难显然不是令人安慰的，排除C、D选项；且此处修饰名词experience（经历），通常用-ing形式的形容词表示事物的特征，意为“令人……的”，而-ed形式的形容词常用来修饰人，表示人“感到……的”。 10. To keep viewers, hosts must cheat, either throwing up after the show, or cutting scenes ________ they ________ out food they’ve chewed, making viewers believe they have actually eaten everything. A. that; spat B. that; spit C. where; spat D. where; spit 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：为了留住观众，主播们必须作弊，要么在节目结束后呕吐，要么剪掉他们吐出咀嚼过的食物的场景，让观众相信他们真的吃掉了一切。第一空引导定语从句，先行词为scenes（场景），在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在这些场景中”，故使用关系副词where引导定语从句；第二空，根据主句中的“must cheat”以及非谓语动词“throwing up”和“cutting”可知，此处描述的是主播们普遍的、经常性的行为，应使用一般现在时，主语为they，谓语动词用动词原形spit。 11. Last week I lost my cellphone. After I rummaged through my pockets and bags in vain, I racked my brain but failed to recall where on earth I might have lost it. Great anxiety ________ me. A. bowed to B. gnawed at C. swore to D. glared at 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：上周我弄丢了手机。我翻遍口袋和包却一无所获，绞尽脑汁也想不起究竟丢在了哪里。巨大的焦虑折磨着我。A. bowed to向……鞠躬；B. gnawed at折磨，困扰；C. swore to向……发誓；D. glared at怒视。根据前文“lost my cellphone”以及“Great anxiety”可知，找不到手机，焦虑在不断折磨自己。 12. Intending ________ out of the classroom unnoticed, he bumped into his class teacher who was coming back to collect the research papers he had assigned to the students. A. sneaking B. to sneak C. being sneaked D. to have sneaked 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：他本打算不被注意地溜出教室，却撞上了班主任，班主任正回来收他布置给学生的研究论文。此处表示他本打算溜出教室，却撞上了班主任，说明他没有溜掉，因此空格处用intend to have done sth.表示“本打算做某事，却没做成”。 13. For someone who has just gone through an unbearable loss, please take it easy on yourself. I’m not sure ________ time is a healer, but it will show you how to live with the feelings you ________. A. if; will experience B. that; have experienced C. whether; are experiencing D. that; are experiencing 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：对于刚刚经历难以承受的失去的人，请放轻松。我不确定时间是否是一剂良药，但它会告诉你如何与你正在经历的感受共存。be not sure表示“不确定”，其后的宾语从句通常用whether或if引导，表示“是否”；第二空处指如何与现在正在经历的感受共存，表示当前正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时。 14. People post photographs on social media of clothes they have repaired or made in the name of slow fashion, but most sewers remain female. The “sew bros” — ________ coined by Esquire magazine for men — have been met with raised eyebrows ________ revealing their hobby to others. A. when; though B. which; while C. who; which D. as; when 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：人们在社交媒体上发布他们以慢时尚的名义修补或制作的衣服的照片，但大多数缝纫者仍然是女性。“缝纫兄弟”——正如《时尚先生》杂志为男性创造的词——在向别人展示他们的爱好时，会引来他人诧异的目光。第一空as coined by…是固定结构，意为“正如由…… 所创造”，as在这里引导方式状语，引出名称的来源；第二空为状语从句的省略，when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，当从句主语与主句主语一致时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，直接保留现在分词revealing，相当于when they are revealing...。 15. Many TV shows today reinforce stereotypical and sexist aesthetics. We cannot easily change the media; however, we can change our mindsets. Remember to learn to love yourself just ________ you are and ________ you judge others, there is always much more to people ________ meets the eye. A. as; that; which B. the way; before; than C. like; before; that D. what; that; who 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：当今许多电视节目强化了刻板和性别歧视的审美观。我们无法轻易改变媒体；然而，我们可以改变自己的心态。记住要学会爱自己本来的样子，在你评判别人之前，要明白人往往不可貌相（人总有比表面看起来更多的内涵）。第一空，the way在此处相当于连词，引导方式状语从句，just the way you are意为“正是你本来的样子”；第二空，before引导时间状语从句，意为“在……之前”，表示在评判别人之前；第三空，more... than meets the eye为固定搭配，意为“比表面看起来更复杂/更有内涵”，than与前面的more构成比较级结构。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A.addressing B. boundaries C. generative D. initially E. remove F. approved G. aboriginally H. released I. sample J. overtake K. traffic The exploration of vast space, the manipulation of genes for medical treatment, the growth of green technology, the advancement of AI… Science and technology know no ____16____. What wonders await in 2025? Space “____17____” this year will be no less busy than in 2024, with global space agencies pursuing ambitious goals. China launched its first mission of the year on Jan 7 with a Long March 3B rocket. The country’s 2025 plan also includes Shenzhou manned missions and Tianzhou cargo missions to the Tiangong space station, along with the Tianwen‑2 mission to ____18____ a near‑Earth asteroid. The US plans to conduct several lunar missions with companies like Intuitive Machines, and SpaceX’s Starship hopes to complete 25 test flights throughout the year. Additionally, a collaboration between China and the European Union will see the launch of the SMILE satellite to study the interaction between solar wind and Earth’s magnetic field, enhancing our understanding of the Sun‑Earth relationship. Genome editing, or gene editing, will continue to inspire enthusiasm in 2025. It comprises a group of technologies that allow scientists to add, ____19____ or alter genetic materials at particular locations on the long stretches of DNA of living beings, including humans. In this way, certain diseases, like cancer and diabetes, can be treated by ____20____ their root causes rather than relying on medication or surgery. One of the most popular tools is CRISPR, “genetic scissors” that won Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna the Nobel Prize in 2020. The first CRISPR treatment, Casgevy, was ____21____ in the UK and the US in 2023 for two blood disorders. Over 30 CRISPR trials were ongoing worldwide by October 2024, and more are expected this year. Last year was the hottest on record, highlighting the significance of green technology in 2025. One key green technology is carbon capture and storage (CCS), which involves separating CO₂ from other gases at emission sources before they are ____22____ into the atmosphere, and transporting the CO₂ to an underground location to be stored. CCS projects are now storing about 45 million tons of CO₂ yearly, roughly equal to the emissions of 10 million cars. In 2025, Norway will complete Europe’s first full‑scale CCS project, and the UK will invest around 160 billion yuan in similar projects. The growth of clean energy continues, with wind and solar power expected to ____23____ coal in electricity generation. Tech giants like Google and Microsoft are also turning to nuclear energy to power their AI data centers. Generative AI like ChatGPT brought major changes in 2024. In 2025, AI agents that can sense and make decisions independently will be a top technology trend, predicts the US firm Gartner. By 2028, these AI agents will likely be handling 15 percent of day‑to‑day work decisions, said the firm. Unlike ____24____ AI, which creates content based on prompts, agentic AI is proactive and solves complex problems on its own. AI agents _____25_____ will handle routine tasks like filling reports. Eventually, they will manage systems independently. For example, an app‑based agent can plan your vacation by booking flights, hotels and restaurants, remembering your preferences. 【答案】16. B 17. K 18. I 19. E 20. A 21. F 22. H 23. J 24. C 25. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了2025年在太空探索、基因编辑、绿色科技以及人工智能四大领域将迎来的科技进步与发展趋势，展现科技无边界的无限可能。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：对广袤太空的探索、用于医疗的基因操控、绿色技术的增长、人工智能的进步……科技没有边界。分析句子可知，空格处应填名词作宾语，根据下文“What wonders await in 2025? (2025 年会有哪些奇迹在等待着我们？)”，可知后文期待2025年的奇迹，可推理出空白处应填表示“边界”含义的名词。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：今年的太空“交通”将不会比2024年冷清，全球航天机构正在追求雄心勃勃的目标。空格处应填名词作主语，根据后文“with global space agencies pursuing ambitious goals(全球航天机构正在追求雄心勃勃的目标)”，可知后文描述的是太空发射和飞行活动的繁忙景象，可推理出空白处应填表示“交通”含义的名词。“space traffic”意为“太空交通”，指太空中的发射和飞行活动，符合句意。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：中国的2025年计划还包括向天宫空间站执行神舟载人任务和天舟货运任务，以及天问二号任务去采集近地小行星的样本。空格处应填动词原形，与to构成不定式，根据前文“Tianwen-2 mission(天问二号任务)”，可知天问二号的任务目标是探测近地小行星，可推理出空白处应填表示“采样”含义的动词，“sample a near-Earth asteroid”意为“对近地小行星进行采样”。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：它包含一组技术，使科学家能够在生物体（包括人类）的长链DNA的特定位置添加、移除或改变遗传物质。空格处应填动词原形，与add和alter并列，根据前文“add”和后文“or alter genetic materials(或改变遗传物质)”，可知空格处应填一个与“添加”和“改变”并列的动词，表示对遗传物质的另一种操作。remove“移除；去除”为动词，符合句意。 【20题详解】 考查动名词。句意：通过这种方式，某些疾病，如癌症和糖尿病，可以通过解决其根本原因来治疗，而不是依赖药物或手术。空格处位于介词by之后，应填动名词形式，根据后文“their root causes rather than relying on medication or surgery(它们的根本原因，而不是依赖药物或手术)”，可知通过基因编辑技术可以针对疾病的根本原因进行治疗，可推理出空白处应填表示“解决”含义的动名词。addressing“解决”为动名词。 【21题详解】 考查动词过去分词。句意：首个CRISPR疗法Casgevy于2023年在英国和美国获得批准，用于治疗两种血液疾病。分析句子可知，空格处位于was之后，构成被动语态，根据后文“in the UK and the US in 2023 for two blood disorders(2023年在英国和美国用于治疗两种血液疾病)”，可知后文提到了在英国和美国用于治疗两种血液疾病，一种新疗法需要经过官方审批才能投入使用，可推理出空白处应填表示“批准”含义的动词过去分词。approved“被批准的”为动词过去分词。 【22题详解】 考查动词过去分词。句意：碳捕集与封存（CCS）涉及在排放源处将CO₂从其他气体中分离出来，在它们被排放到大气之前，将CO₂运输到地下位置进行储存。分析句子可知，空格处位于are之后，构成被动语态，应使用过去分词，根据后文“into the atmosphere(到大气中)”，可知后文提到了大气，可推理出此处说的是气体被排放到大气中，可推理出空白处应填表示“释放；排放”含义的动词的过去分词形式。released“被释放”为动词过去分词。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：清洁能源的增长仍在继续，风能和太阳能预计将在发电方面超过煤炭。空格处应填动词原形，与to构成不定式，根据前文“The growth of clean energy continues(清洁能源的增长仍在继续)”，可知清洁能源正在快速发展并逐步取代传统能源，可推理出空白处应填表示“超过”含义的动词。 【24题详解】 考查形容词。句意：与基于提示词来创建内容的生成式AI不同，智能体AI是主动的，能够自主解决复杂问题。空格处应填形容词修饰AI作定语，根据后文“which creates content based on prompts(基于提示词来创建内容)”，可知此处描述的是能够生成内容的AI类型，可推理出空白处应填表示“生成的”含义的形容词。generative“生成的”为形容词。 【25题详解】 考查副词。句意：AI智能体最初将处理诸如填写报告之类的日常任务。分析句子可知，空格处应填副词修饰整个句子，根据后文“Eventually, they will manage systems independently(最终，它们将独立管理系统)”，可知前后形成时间上的对比，先处理简单任务，最终实现独立管理，可推理出空白处应填表示“最初”含义的副词。initially“最初”为副词。 III. Reading Comprehension (45 分) Section A (15 分) Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Just as our earth is a mix of terrain — from grassy hills and rivers to volcanoes and deserts — so is it filled with many types of ____26____. While some people are as serene as an ancient forest, others are about as uncomfortable as a bed of rocks. What happens when one of these people plays a major role in our lives? Perhaps it’s a boss, parent, friend or sibling. How does one stay kind and forgiving and yet keep personal boundaries and a sense of ____27____? In his timeless book Don’t ____28____ the Small Stuff, author Richard Carlson gives us a very helpful strategy for dealing with difficult people. In tip 11, he suggests imagining that everyone is ____29____ except for you. In other words, we should think of life as a school with ongoing pop quizzes. The teachers are everywhere, acting out various scenarios to help push our growth. Behind this simple strategy lies a profound spiritual ____30____. According to Carlson, you are essentially changing your perception from “____31____ are they doing this to me?” to “What are they trying to teach me?” For example, let’s say that your mother‑in‑law randomly throws in personal jabs to make you feel like an inferior wife and not good enough to be with her son. Instead of taking these ____32____ to heart, imagine her as being sent straight from the Universe as a real flesh‑and‑blood life lesson from which you can grow. This is your chance to really anchor yourself in the truth of who you know yourself to be, rather than allowing another person to ____33____ you of false inferiority. It is in the ____34____ times that our level of growth thus far is revealed. And only then can we recognize and strive for higher ground. Difficult circumstances — and difficult people — tend to _____35_____ our innermost feelings rather than create them. For instance, have you ever judged someone for a particular action when you ended up doing that same thing a few years later? Perhaps you had just never been in that situation before or had never experienced that level of temptation. That incident may have occurred in your life to reveal that you do have those same _____36_____ — they had just never been triggered. When we are forced to interact with people who are hard to love, we are given the opportunity to _____37_____ exponentially. Employees who must deal with competitive and manipulative coworkers, for example, now have a golden opportunity to choose the honest path and to develop a deeper level of faith that everything will _____38_____ in the end. Parents of children with behavior problems are offered the opportunity to develop patience and deep unconditional love. After all, if you were _____39_____ by easygoing and adoring people all day long, it would be harder to face (or even recognize) that hidden inner tendency you might have to look to others for approval. So when difficult people are really getting to you, try to find a way to be _____40_____ for the lesson. They are here to push you so that you may grow into the person you were always meant to be. 26. A. communities B. celebrities C. individuals D. ingredients 27. A. proportion B. justice C. humour D. dignity 28. A. Postpone B. Stretch C. Swear D. Challenge 29. A. pretentious B. genuine C. enlightened D. narrow‑minded 30. A. perception B. truth C. need D. quality 31. A. How B. When C. Whether D. Why 32. A. insults B. jokes C. encouragements D. alerts 33. A. require B. convince C. remind D. warn 34. A. inconvenient B. leisure C. adventurous D. hard 35. A. hide B. reveal C. remove D. employ 36. A. temptations B. talents C. tendencies D. triggers 37. A. grow B. expand C. develop D. increase 38. A. work out B. set in C. get down D. carry on 39. A. stranded B. stretched C. sympathized D. surrounded 40. A. celebrated B. grateful C. qualified D. essential 【答案】26. C 27. D 28. C 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. B 36. C 37. A 38. A 39. D 40. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者探讨如何应对生活中难以相处的人，通过引用理查德·卡尔森书中的策略，建议将他人视为成长的老师，从困难情境中汲取成长经验，最终实现自我提升的道理。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：正如我们的地球拥有多种多样的地貌 —— 青草覆盖的山丘、江河，还有火山与沙漠，人世间同样生活着形形色色的人。A. communities社区；B. celebrities名人；C. individuals个体；D. ingredients成分。根据后文“While some people are as serene as an ancient forest, others are about as uncomfortable as a bed of rocks.”可知，作者列举了不同的人，可推测此处指人世间同样生活着形形色色的个体。 【27题详解】 考查名词。句意：一个人如何保持善良和宽容，同时又保持个人界限和尊严感？A. proportion比例；B. justice正义；C. humour幽默；D. dignity尊严。根据前文“keep personal boundaries”可知，此处与保持个人界限并列，可推理出此处指在善待他人的同时维护自身尊严。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：在他永恒的著作《别为小事抓狂》中，作者理查德·卡尔森为我们提供了应对难相处之人的一个非常有用的策略。A. Postpone推迟；B. Stretch伸展；C. Swear发誓；咒骂；D. Challenge挑战。根据后文“gives us a very helpful strategy for dealing with difficult people”可知，这本书是关于应对难相处之人的策略，“别为小事抓狂”符合情境，Swear有“发誓、咒骂”相关语境，此处指不因小事而咒骂抓狂，符合文意。 【29题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在第11个建议中，他建议想象除了你之外，每个人都是开明的。A. pretentious自命不凡的；B. genuine真诚的；C. enlightened开明的；D. narrow-minded心胸狭隘的。根据后文“In other words, we should think of life as a school with ongoing pop quizzes. The teachers are everywhere, acting out various scenarios to help push our growth.”可知，作者将他人视为老师，是来帮助自己成长的，可推测此处想象他人是开明的，符合这种积极看待他人的策略。 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意：这一简单策略的背后，蕴含着一个深刻的精神真理。A. perception感知；B. truth真理；C. need需要；D. quality品质。根据后文“According to Carlson, you are essentially changing your perception from...to...”可知，这一策略带来的是看待事物角度的深刻转变，体现的是一种精神层面的真理，符合语境。 【31题详解】 考查疑问词。句意：根据卡尔森的说法，你本质上是将你的认知从“他们为什么要对我这样做？”转变为“他们想教我什么？”A. How怎样；B. When何时；C. Whether是否；D. Why为什么。根据后文“What are they trying to teach me?”可知，此处与后文句式对应，是改变认知，从追问原因“为什么”，转变为探究目的，符合逻辑。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：不要把这些侮辱放在心上，不妨把她看作是宇宙直接送来的、活生生的人生一课，你可以从中获得成长。A. insults侮辱；B. jokes笑话；C. encouragements鼓励；D. alerts 警示；提醒。根据前文“your mother-in-law randomly throws in personal jabs to make you feel like an inferior wife and not good enough to be with her son”可知，婆婆用言语攻击作者，让作者感觉低人一等，这些属于侮辱，符合语境。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：这正是一个机会，让你真正坚守自我认知的本心，而不是任由他人说服你，让你产生虚妄的自卑感。A. require要求；B. convince说服；C. remind提醒；D. warn警告。根据前文“make you feel like an inferior wife and not good enough to be with her son”以及“This is your chance to really anchor yourself in the truth of who you know yourself to be”可知，前文提到了婆婆试图让作者产生自卑感，即说服作者相信这种虚假的自卑，还提到了这是你真正立足自我认知真相的机会，可推理出此处说的是不要任由他人说服你，让你产生虚妄的自卑感。 【34题详解】 考查形容词。句意：正是在艰难时刻，我们迄今为止的成长水平才得以显现。A. inconvenient不方便的；B. leisure空闲的；C. adventurous冒险的；D. hard艰难的。根据后文“Difficult circumstances — and difficult people — tend to...our innermost feelings”可知，后文提到困难的环境和难相处的人，可推测此处指艰难时刻，与后文呼应。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：困难的环境和难相处的人往往会揭示我们内心深处的感受，而不是创造它们。A. hide隐藏；B. reveal揭示；C. remove移除；D. employ雇佣。根据后文“our innermost feelings”可知，后文说的是我们内心深处的感受，可推理出此处说的是困难的环境和难相处的人往往会揭示我们内心深处的感受。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：那件事可能在你生命中发生，是为了揭示你确实拥有同样的潜在倾向——只是它们从未被触发过。A. temptations诱惑；B. talents天赋；C. tendencies倾向；D. triggers触发器。根据前文“Perhaps you had just never been in that situation before or had never experienced that level of temptation. That incident may have occurred in your life to reveal that you do have those same... — they had just never been triggered.”可知，前文提到了也许你从前只是从未身处过那种处境，或是从未经历过那般程度的诱惑。还提到了那件事发生在你的生命当中，可推理出此处说的是那件事可能在你生命中发生，是为了揭示你确实拥有同样的潜在倾向。 【37题详解】 考查动词。句意：当我们被迫与难以相处的人打交道时，我们就有机会获得指数级的成长。A. grow成长；B. expand扩展；C. develop发展；D. increase增加。根据后文“Employees who must deal with competitive and manipulative coworkers, for example, now have a golden opportunity to choose the honest path and to develop a deeper level of faith”可知，后文说的是那些不得不与争强好胜、工于心计的同事打交道的员工，如今就拥有一个绝佳机会，可以选择坦荡正直的处事道路，并建立更深层次的信念，可推理出此处说的是当我们被迫与难以相处的人打交道时，我们就有机会获得成长。 【38题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：例如，那些不得不与争强好胜、工于心计的同事打交道的员工，此时便拥有一个宝贵的机会：选择正直坦荡的处事方式，并树立一种更为坚定的信念 —— 相信一切终将向好的方向发展。A. work out解决、成功；B. set in开始；C. get down下来；D. carry on继续。根据前文“develop a deeper level of faith”可知，此处指培养信念，可推理出此处说的是相信一切终将向好的方向发展，work out符合语境。 【39题详解】 考查动词。句意：毕竟，倘若你整日身边围绕着随和可亲、对你满心喜爱的人，你就更难去面对（甚至察觉）自己内心潜藏的、渴望获得他人认可的倾向。A. stranded搁浅；B. stretched拉伸；C. sympathized同情；D. surrounded包围。根据后文“by easygoing and adoring people all day long”可知，后文说的是随和可亲、对你满心喜爱的，可推理出此处指被随和和崇拜自己的人包围，surrounded符合语境。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：所以，当那些难相处的人着实令你心烦困扰时，试着心怀感激，去看待这份历练。A. celebrated庆祝的；B. grateful感激的；C. qualified合格的；D. essential必要的。根据后文“They are here to push you so that you may grow into the person you were always meant to be.”可知，难相处的人是为了推动自己成长，因此应感激这些带来成长的历练，grateful符合语境。 Section B (22 分) Directions: Read the following passage. Each passage is followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Hepburn and Givenchy: a Fashion Love Story PARIS was already the fashion capital of the world by the 1950s. It was the home of Coco Chanel, the revolutionary designer who was popular for wearing her string of pearls. It was a center for artists from all walks of life. Hubert de Givenchy, an unknown designer in his twenties, opened his first house in Paris in February 1952. Little did he know that a year later, his life would change after meeting a girl named Audrey Hepburn. Hepburn, fresh from the success of her hit film Roman Holiday, was on a journey to Paris in the summer of 1953. She was there to purchase French clothing for her upcoming film Sabrina. Having heard of Givenchy’s modern designs, the 24‑year‑old actress soon scheduled a visit to his house. When the designer heard that a movie actress with the surname Hepburn was due to pay him a visit, he assumed that he would be meeting Katharine, the Hollywood legend. He was confused when a girl appeared at his door with large, attractive eyes and wearing a plain striped T‑shirt and trousers. Givenchy was busy preparing for his fall presentation, so he told Hepburn that he had no time to design a wardrobe for Sabrina. Despite being turned down, Hepburn would not give up. She invited him to dinner, which was unusual for a woman to do back then. Givenchy accepted her call, and it was at that dinner that he was taken by her charm. Their fruitful professional and lifelong personal friendship began. For the next four decades, Hepburn wore Givenchy with great devotion. Most famously, in the opening scene of Breakfast at Tiffany’s, she wore a “little black dress” made out of silk when having a croissant outside Tiffany’s windows on Fifth Avenue. The dress is said to be one of the most famous and influential pieces of clothing of the 20th century. Many designers have a muse, but the Hepburn‑Givenchy relationship was something more symbiotic. With Hepburn as his muse, Givenchy drew inspiration for his designs from her slender body, elegance and movie star charm. On the other hand, Hepburn was so fascinated by Givenchy’s work that she kept loyal to him over the years. Most of her casual wear was designed by Givenchy as well. It may not be a traditional love story, but love may come in different forms. For Hepburn and Givenchy, the friendship endured the test of time because of their respect for each other, fueled by the two things they loved: fashion and the movies. 41. According to the article, it was in the early 1950s that Hubert de Givenchy ________. A. rose to fame with Coco Chanel B. started his own business in Paris C. met Katharine Hepburn for the first time D. designed the wardrobe for Roman Holiday 42. Which words best describe Audrey Hepburn when she first met Givenchy? A. Good‑looking and persistent. B. Attractive and nervous. C. Bad‑tempered and stubborn. D. Ordinary and shy. 43. The underlined word in the 6th paragraph probably describes a relationship between people who ________. A. take advantage of each other B. are totally different from each other C. know nothing about each other D. depend on each other equally 44. According to the article, Givenchy formed a lifelong friendship with Hepburn mainly because ________. A. he was taken by her charm B. she served as his muse C. they had common interests D. they cared for each other 【答案】41. B 42. A 43. D 44. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述赫本与纪梵希相遇相识，二者相互成就，建立起一段跨越数十年的特殊友谊。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Hubert de Givenchy, an unknown designer in his twenties, opened his first house in Paris in February 1952.(二十多岁时还默默无闻的于贝尔・德・纪梵希于1952年2月在巴黎开设了自己的第一家时装店)”可知，二十世纪五十年代初纪梵希在巴黎开创自己的事业。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“He was confused when a girl appeared at his door with large, attractive eyes and wearing a plain striped T‑shirt and trousers.(当一个有着一双迷人的大眼睛，身着普通条纹T恤和长裤的女孩出现在他门口时，他感到很困惑)”以及第四段中“Despite being turned down, Hepburn would not give up.(尽管遭到拒绝，赫本仍旧不愿放弃)”可知，初次见面时赫本容貌好看而且意志坚定。 【43题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第六段中“Many designers have a muse, but the Hepburn‑Givenchy relationship was something more symbiotic. With Hepburn as his muse, Givenchy drew inspiration for his designs from her slender body, elegance and movie star charm. On the other hand, Hepburn was so fascinated by Givenchy’s work that she kept loyal to him over the years.(许多设计师都拥有一位灵感缪斯，但赫本与纪梵希之间的关系更偏向symbiotic。赫本作为他的灵感缪斯，纪梵希从她曼妙的身姿、优雅气质与明星魅力中获取设计灵感。另一方面，赫本深深迷恋纪梵希的作品，多年始终忠于他)”可知，赫本与纪梵希之间的关系更偏向一种共生关系，symbiotic描述“人与人之间彼此同等依靠的关系”。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第七段中“For Hepburn and Givenchy, the friendship endured the test of time because of their respect for each other, fueled by the two things they loved: fashion and the movies.(对于赫本与纪梵希而言，这份友谊经受住时间考验源于互相尊重，也由二人共同热爱的时尚与电影所助推)”可知，他们建立终身友谊主要是因为拥有共同的兴趣。 (B) Finally, a cell phone That’s...a phone With rates as low as $3.75 per week! “Well, I finally did it. I finally decided to enter the digital age and get a cell phone. My kids have been annoying me and the last straw was when my car broke down, and I was stuck by the highway for an hour before someone stopped to help. But when I went to the cell phone store, I almost changed my mind. The phones all have cameras, computers and a ‘global‑positioning’ something or other that’s supposed to spot me from space. Goodness, all I want to do is to be able to talk to my grandkids! The people at the store weren’t much help. They couldn’t understand why someone wouldn’t want a phone the size of a postage stamp. And the rate plans! They were confusing, and expensive... and the contract lasted for two years! I’d almost given up until a friend told me about her new Jitterbug phone. Now, I have the convenience and safety of being able to stay in touch with a phone I can actually use.” Affordable plans that I can understand — and no contract to sign! Unlike other cell phones, Jitterbug has plans that make sense. Why should I pay for minutes I’m never going to use? And if I do talk more than I plan, I won’t find myself with no minutes like one of my friends who has a prepaid phone. Best of all, there is no contract to sign — so I’m not locked in for years at a time. The U.S.‑based customer service is second to none. And the phone gets service anywhere in the country. Call now and receive a FREE gift when you order. Try Jitterbug for 30 days and if you don’t love it, just return it! Why wait, the Jitterbug comes ready to use right out of the box. If you aren’t as happy with it as I am, you can return it and get your money back. Call now, the Jitterbug product experts are ready to answer your questions. Call 1‑888‑809‑8794 or visit www.jitterbug.direct.com. 45. What made “I” finally think of getting a cell phone? A. Being stuck by the highway. B. Being urged by his grandkids. C. Being persuaded by cell phone salespersons. D. Being attracted by the friendly return policy. 46. An advantage of Jitterbug mentioned in the passage is ________. A. its discount price with a free gift B. its reasonable rate plans without a contract C. its “global‑positioning” system with 911 access D. its good customer service all over the world 47. The main purpose of the passage is to ________. A. tell a customer’s story of Jitterbug B. provide two ways to order Jitterbug C. give a brief introduction to Jitterbug D. attract potential customers to Jitterbug 【答案】45. A 46. B 47. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要通过顾客口吻介绍Jitterbug手机的优势，宣传该手机产品，吸引消费者购买。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“My kids have been annoying me and the last straw was when my car broke down, and I was stuck by the highway for an hour before someone stopped to help.(我的孩子们一直烦我，压垮我的最后一根稻草是我的车坏了，我被困在高速公路旁一小时才有人停下来帮忙。)”可知，被困在公路旁的经历促使作者最终想要购买手机。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Affordable plans that I can understand — and no contract to sign!(我能够理解的实惠套餐，而且无需签署合约！)”可知，文中提到Jitterbug手机的优点是套餐合理，不需要签订合约。 【47题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中的“Call now and receive a FREE gift when you order. Try Jitterbug for 30 days and if you don’t love it, just return it!(现在订购即可获赠免费礼品。试用Jitterbug三十天，如果不满意，直接退货！)”可知，文章以用户自述形式介绍产品优点，给出订购方式与优惠，目的是吸引潜在顾客购买Jitterbug手机。 (C) Life places us in a complex web of relationships with other people. Our humanness arises out of these relationships in the course of social interaction. Moreover, our humanness must be sustained through social interaction — and fairly constantly so. When an association continues long enough for two people to become linked together by a relatively stable set of expectations, it is called a relationship. People are bound within relationships by two types of bonds: expressive ties and instrumental ties. Expressive ties are social links formed when we emotionally invest ourselves in and commit ourselves to other people. Through association with people who are meaningful to us, we achieve a sense of security, love, acceptance, companionship, and personal worth. Instrumental ties are social links formed when we cooperate with other people to achieve some goal. Occasionally, this may mean working with instead of against competitors. More often, we simply cooperate with others to reach some end without endowing the relationship with any larger significance. Sociologists have built on the distinction between expressive and instrumental ties to distinguish between two types of groups: primary and secondary. A primary group involves two or more people who enjoy a direct, intimate, cohesive relationship with one another. Expressive ties predominate in primary groups; we view the people as ends in themselves and valuable in their own right. A secondary group entails two or more people who are involved in an impersonal relationship and have come together for a specific, practical purpose. Instrumental ties predominate in secondary groups; we perceive people as means to ends rather than as ends in their own right. Sometimes primary group relationships evolve out of secondary group relationships. This happens in many work settings. People on the job often develop close relationships with coworkers as they come to share gripes, jokes, gossip, and satisfactions. 48. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of a relationship? A. It is a structure of associations with many people. B. It should be studied in the course of a social interaction. C. It places great demands on people. D. It develops gradually over time. 49. Which of the following can be inferred about instrumental ties from the author’s mention of working with competitors in paragraph 2? A. Instrumental ties can develop even in situations in which people would normally not cooperate. B. Instrumental ties require as much emotional investment as expressive ties. C. Instrumental ties involve security, love, and acceptance. D. Instrumental ties should be expected to be significant. 50. According to paragraph 3, what do sociologists see as the main difference between primary and secondary groups? A. Primary groups consist of people working together while secondary groups exist outside of work settings. B. In primary groups people are seen as means while in secondary groups people are seen as ends. C. Primary groups involve personal relationships while secondary groups are mainly practical in purpose. D. Primary groups are generally small while secondary groups often contain more than two people. 51. Which of the following can be inferred from the author’s claim in paragraph 3 that primary group relationships sometimes evolve out of secondary group relationships? A. Secondary group relationships begin by being primary group relationships. B. A secondary group relationship that is highly visible quickly becomes a primary group relationship. C. Sociologists believe that only primary group relationships are important to society. D. Even in secondary groups, frequent communication serves to bring people into close relationships. 【答案】48. D 49. A 50. C 51. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍的是社会学中关于人际关系的两种纽带类型——表达性纽带和工具性纽带，以及由此区分的两种群体类型——初级群体和次级群体。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“When an association continues long enough for two people to become linked together by a relatively stable set of expectations, it is called a relationship. (当一种交往持续足够长的时间，使两个人通过一套相对稳定的期望联系在一起时，这就被称为关系。)”可知，关系是随着时间逐渐发展起来的。 【49题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Instrumental ties are social links formed when we cooperate with other people to achieve some goal. Occasionally, this may mean working with instead of against competitors. (工具性纽带是我们与他人合作以实现某种目标时形成的社会联系。偶尔，这可能意味着与竞争对手合作而非对抗。)”可知，工具性纽带即使在人们通常不会合作的情况下（如与竞争对手合作）也能发展起来。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“A primary group involves two or more people who enjoy a direct, intimate, cohesive relationship with one another. (初级群体涉及两个或更多人，他们之间享有直接、亲密、紧密的关系。)”以及“A secondary group entails two or more people who are involved in an impersonal relationship and have come together for a specific, practical purpose. (次级群体涉及两个或更多人，他们处于一种非个人化的关系中，并为特定的实际目的而聚在一起。)”可知，社会学家认为初级群体和次级群体的主要区别在于：初级群体涉及个人关系，而次级群体主要是出于实际目的。 【51题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Sometimes primary group relationships evolve out of secondary group relationships. This happens in many work settings. People on the job often develop close relationships with coworkers as they come to share gripes, jokes, gossip, and satisfactions. (有时，初级群体关系会从次级群体关系中发展出来。这在许多工作环境中都会发生。工作中的人们经常与同事发展出亲密关系，因为他们开始分享抱怨、笑话、八卦和满足感。)”可知，即使在次级群体中，频繁的交流也能使人们建立起亲密的关系。 Section C (8 分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Class Clowns Please WANTED: smart, fit and unflappable (临危不乱的) applicants for humanity’s first mission to Mars. Must have: crazy wig, oversized boots and a big red nose. NASA plans to fly astronauts around the moon as part of its preparation for a crewed mission to Mars as early as 2033. A mission to Mars is no easy job. On average, the red planet is 140 million miles from Earth and the travel time one way is around eight months. The distance alone is expected to cause harm to their mental health. Astronauts must also face a time delay in communications of up to 20 minutes each way. ____52____ The crew are effectively on their own. Jeffery Johnson, an anthropologist at the University of Florida, is now working with NASA to explore whether class clowns are vital for the success of long space missions. Early results suggest they are. “____53____” said Johnson. “It’s vital that you have somebody who can help everyone get along, so that they can do their jobs and get there and back safely. It’s mission‑critical.” Johnson spent four years studying overwintering crews in Antarctica. ____54____ One isolated salmon fisherman he observed endured a mock funeral and burial in the tundra. However, nobody ignored his important role in building bridges between researchers and contractors. Historically, the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen also appreciated the importance of the expedition clown. In 1910, he picked the large, cheerful chef Adolf Lindstrom for his attempt to reach the South Pole, knowing that Lindstrom’s joie de vivre (生活的乐趣) would relieve the stress of homesickness and the long polar nights. “He has offered greater and more valuable services to the Norwegian polar expedition than any other man,” Amundsen noted in his diary. Lindstrom was a great entertainer who helped keep up spirits and morale over the long winter. ____55____ But there is more to it than making people laugh. Being funny won’t be enough for someone to land the job, after all. A. Researchers have found that the success of a future mission to the red planet may depend on the ship having a class clown. B. He found that class clowns in the crew would not mind being joked about. C. In an emergency, there will be no time to call mission control. D. When you are living with others in a very small space for a long period of time, tensions are likely to grow. E. His role was informal, yet critical for maintaining group cohesion in the extreme environment. F. It is enough to make Neil Armstrong, the first astronaut to walk on the Moon, spin in his grave. 【答案】52. C 53. D 54. B 55. E 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了NASA研究发现，长期太空任务中“班级小丑”式的人物对团队凝聚力和任务成功至关重要，并以南极科考队和挪威极地探险为例佐证了这一观点。 【52题详解】 由上文“Astronauts must also face a time delay in communications of up to 20 minutes each way. (宇航员还必须面对通信每单程延迟高达20分钟的问题。)”以及下文“The crew are effectively on their own. (机组人员实际上只能靠自己。)”可知，本空要说紧急情况下的通信限制，C选项“In an emergency, there will be no time to call mission control. (在紧急情况下，没有时间呼叫任务控制中心。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“In an emergency”与上文的通信延迟问题形成因果逻辑，且该选项中的“no time to call mission control”与下文的“effectively on their own”相呼应，表示由于通信延迟，宇航员在紧急情况下必须独立应对。 【53题详解】 由下文““It’s vital that you have somebody who can help everyone get along, so that they can do their jobs and get there and back safely. It’s mission-critical.” (“有一个能帮助大家和睦相处的人至关重要，这样他们才能做好工作并安全往返。这是任务关键。”)”可知，本空要说长期密闭空间生活带来的紧张关系，D选项“When you are living with others in a very small space for a long period of time, tensions are likely to grow. (当你与他人长期生活在非常狭小的空间时，紧张关系可能会加剧。)”能引出下文，符合题意，该选项中的“living with others in a very small space for a long period of time”与文章开头提到的火星任务背景（八个月单程、1.4亿英里距离）相呼应，且该选项中的“tensions are likely to grow”与下文的“help everyone get along”形成问题与解决方案的对应关系。 【54题详解】 由上文“Johnson spent four years studying overwintering crews in Antarctica. (约翰逊花了四年时间研究南极越冬科考队。)”以及下文“One isolated salmon fisherman he observed endured a mock funeral and burial in the tundra. However, nobody ignored his important role in building bridges between researchers and contractors. (他观察到的一位孤独的三文鱼渔民曾在苔原上忍受模拟葬礼和埋葬。然而，没有人忽视他在研究人员和承包商之间搭建桥梁的重要作用。)”可知，本空要说约翰逊关于班级小丑的研究发现，B选项“He found that class clowns in the crew would not mind being joked about. (他发现团队中的班级小丑不介意被开玩笑。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“He found”承接上文的“studying”，且该选项中的“class clowns in the crew”与下文的“isolated salmon fisherman”（即团队中的小丑角色）和“his important role in building bridges”相呼应，表示班级小丑的包容性和桥梁作用。 【55题详解】 由上文“Lindstrom was a great entertainer who helped keep up spirits and morale over the long winter. (林德斯特罗姆是一位伟大的娱乐者，在漫长的冬季帮助保持精神和士气。)”以及下文“But there is more to it than making people laugh. (但这不仅仅是让人发笑。)”可知，本空要说林德斯特罗姆角色的深层意义，E选项“His role was informal, yet critical for maintaining group cohesion in the extreme environment. (他的角色是非正式的，但对在极端环境中维持团队凝聚力至关重要。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“His role”指代上文的“Lindstrom”，且该选项中的“critical for maintaining group cohesion”与上文的“helped keep up spirits and morale”相呼应，同时与下文的“more to it than making people laugh”形成递进，表示他的作用不仅是娱乐，更是团队凝聚的关键。 第二卷 IV. Productive Grammar (10 分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How lonely are you? Sometimes living alone or being in a remote location with ____56____ around to talk to can give you the feeling of despair and isolation. It’s not a great feeling. There’s a common stereotype that it’s something that affects older people more, but research has found that loneliness is something that can affect us all, ____57____ our age. There’s a familiar phrase that says it’s possible to be lonely in a crowd — despite ____58____ (surround) by hundreds of people, you think you have nobody to talk to or to connect with and ____59____ nobody wants to listen to you anyway. It’s probably not true, but loneliness is seen as a big problem for the mental health of the population wherever they live — so much so that the British government even has ____60____ minister for loneliness. The BBC recently completed a survey about the topic and it found that people aged between 16 and 24 experience loneliness more often and more intensely than any other age group. Researchers from the University of Manchester who analyzed the data, suggested feeling lonely may plague the young because it’s a time of changing identity — figuring out your place in the world and ____61____ learning to regulate emotions. Psychology lecturer and BBC presenter Claudia Hammond says that “it’s tempting to conclude that something about modern life is putting young people at a higher risk of loneliness, but when we asked older people in our survey about the loneliest times in their lives, they also said it was ____62____ they were young.” The issue is certainly being talked about more. And in the UK, the Minister for Loneliness Tracey Crouch has said that “the government now recognizes loneliness as one of the biggest health challenges we face.” She also said there needs to be a “national conversation” to end the stigma about admitting to ____63____ (feel) lonely. The BBC Loneliness Experiment also found the type of culture you live in has implications for loneliness. People from cultures which tend to put a high value on independence, such as Northern Europe and the US, revealed they would be ____64____ (likely) to tell a colleague about their loneliness. But in cultures where extended family ____65____ (emphasise), such as in Southern Europe, Latin America, Asia and Africa, older women in particular were at lower risk of feeling lonely. 【答案】56. nobody 57. whatever 58. being surrounded 59. that 60. a 61. of 62. when 63. feeling 64. less likely 65. is emphasised 【解析】 【导语】文章围绕“孤独”这一话题展开，指出孤独可能影响所有人，并介绍了BBC关于孤独的调查：16至24岁的年轻人更频繁、更强烈地经历孤独，文章还分析了孤独与身份转变、文化背景的关系，以及英国政府对这一问题的重视。 【56题详解】 考查不定代词。句意：有时独居或在偏远地区，周围没有人可以交谈，会给你带来绝望和孤立感。根据前后语境中提到的“偏远地区”、“会带来绝望和孤独感”，设空处应该用不定代词nobody表示“没有人可以交谈”。 【57题详解】 考查连词。句意：人们普遍有一种刻板印象，认为孤独更多影响老年人，但研究发现，孤独是可以影响我们所有人的事情，无论我们的年龄如何。这里whatever引导让步状语从句，表示“无论年龄大小”。 【58题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：有一句人们熟悉的话说，身处人群中也可能感到孤独——尽管被数百人包围，你却认为自己没有人可以交谈或联系，而且反正也没有人想听你说话。despite为介词，后面应该接动名词；surround与其逻辑主语you之间为被动关系，用动名词被动形式being surrounded。 【59题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：有一句人们熟悉的话说，身处人群中也可能感到孤独——尽管被数百人包围，你却认为自己没有人可以交谈或联系，而且反正也没有人想听你说话。think后接两个并列的that宾语从句，第二个从句的that不省略。 【60题详解】 考查冠词。句意：这或许并非事实，但无论人们住在哪里，孤独都被视为影响人口心理健康的一大问题——以至于英国政府甚至设有一位“孤独事务大臣”。minister为可数名词单数，此处泛指“一位孤独事务大臣”，且minister以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。 【61题详解】 考查介词。句意：曼彻斯特大学分析数据的研究人员认为，孤独可能困扰年轻人，因为这是一个身份转变的时期——弄清楚你在世界上的位置，以及学会调节情绪。这里是and连接的两个并列of介词短语，作a time的后置定语。 【62题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：心理学讲师兼BBC主持人克劳迪娅·哈蒙德表示，人们很容易得出结论：现代生活的某些因素使年轻人面临更高的孤独风险，但当我们询问调查中的老年人一生中最孤独的时期时，他们也都说那是在他们年轻的时候。根据后面“they were young”可知用when引导表语从句，表示时间，意为“……的时候”。 【63题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：她还说，需要进行一场“全国性对话”，以结束那种承认自己感到孤独的耻辱感。admit to doing sth.为固定搭配，其中to为介词，后接动名词。 【64题详解】 句意：来自崇尚独立的文化，比如北欧和美国的人们透露，他们不太可能把孤独告诉同事。结合语境，在崇尚独立的文化，比如在北欧和美国，人们“更不愿意”表露孤独，likely用比较级并表否定，前面添加less。 【65题详解】 考查被动语态。句意：而在强调大家庭的文化中，如南欧、拉美、亚洲和非洲，尤其是老年女性感到孤独的风险更低。“extended family”与emphasise之间为被动关系，且叙述一般情况用一般现在时，并注意主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为is emphasised。 V. Summary Writing (10 分) 66. Building a Greener Future Year after year, Earth’s precious resources are becoming increasingly scarce. Still people need materials to build new houses, office buildings and schools. There’s only one solution to this problem: do more with less. That’s what sustainable construction is all about. Advocates of sustainable construction believe the entire building process can be done without harming the environment, and by doing so, the earth is kept sustainable for future generations. To make these green buildings possible, however, the process must be implemented from the beginning. Picture a city government that wants to build a green office building. The first thing these city planners would do is select a site with a small environmental impact. Ideally, they would choose a site that had already been developed, thus keeping the forests and grasslands protected. Next, city planners would turn their attention toward the construction process. Only green materials could be used to build their office towers. These include wood, steel, and other materials that have been recycled from destroyed buildings. If possible, they have been manufactured, recovered, or resourced locally. The closer that these green materials are to the construction site, the less energy is wasted getting them to where they’re needed. Maintenance costs are the next important factors that need to be considered. City planners would design heating and cooling systems that use as little energy as possible. They would fit solar roof panels that will absorb the heat from the sun to power the building. Toilets and sinks designed to minimize water waste would be fitted throughout the building. These efficiencies don’t just help to protect the environment; they can save money over the long run as well. After all this was finished, the city planners would relax and maybe even throw a party. They have designed a building that was green at every step — the golden rule of sustainable construction. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】概要： Sustainable construction aims to protect Earth’s limited natural resources for future generations by doing more with less. It requires thorough green planning from the very start: choosing previously developed sites, adopting local recycled building materials, and designing practical energy‑saving facilities. Following these strict steps helps build eco‑friendly buildings and effectively cuts long‑term maintenance costs. 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍可持续建筑的理念，强调要从初期开展全面绿色规划，通过选址、建材、节能设施等举措，保护环境同时降低长期维护成本。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① Year after year, Earth’s precious resources are becoming increasingly scarce. There’s only one solution to this problem: do more with less. That’s what sustainable construction is all about. ② Advocates of sustainable construction believe the entire building process can be done without harming the environment, and by doing so, the earth is kept sustainable for future generations. To make these green buildings possible, however, the process must be implemented from the beginning. ③ The first thing these city planners would do is select a site with a small environmental impact. Ideally, they would choose a site that had already been developed, thus keeping the forests and grasslands protected. ④ Next, city planners would turn their attention toward the construction process. Only green materials could be used to build their office towers. These include wood, steel, and other materials that have been recycled from destroyed buildings. If possible, they have been manufactured, recovered, or resourced locally. ⑤ Maintenance costs are the next important factors that need to be considered. City planners would design heating and cooling systems that use as little energy as possible. ⑥ These efficiencies don’t just help to protect the environment; they can save money over the long run as well. 2. 缜密构思 将①②整合，概括可持续建筑的目标与总要求；把③④⑤提炼出三项具体规划措施；最后整合⑤中的收益信息，点明这些做法带来的双重效果。 3. 遣词造句 Sustainable construction aims to protect Earth’s limited natural resources for future generations by doing more with less. It requires thorough green planning from the very start: choosing previously developed sites, adopting local recycled building materials, and designing practical energy‑saving facilities. Following these strict steps helps build eco‑friendly buildings and effectively cuts long‑term maintenance costs. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】Sustainable construction aims to protect Earth’s limited natural resources for future generations by doing more with less.(运用不定式短语to protect earth’s limited natural resources for future generations作宾语) 【高分句型 2】Following these strict steps helps build eco‑friendly buildings and effectively cuts long‑term maintenance costs.(运用了动名词短语Following these strict steps作主语) VI. Translation (3+3+4+5=15 分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 67. 事实上，正是出于同理心，人们才会乐意资助一些身处困境中的孩子. （it）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In fact, it is out of empathy that people are willing to sponsor some children in trouble. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意，该句描述客观事实，全句使用一般现在时，表示“事实上”为in fact作状语，位于句首单词首字母需大写；本句使用it is...that...强调句型，被强调部分为原因状语“出于同理心”；表示“出于同理心”为介词短语out of empathy；表示“人们”为people作that从句内的主语；表示“才会乐意”为are willing to，主语people为复数，be动词使用are；表示“资助”为sponsor放在to之后用动词原形；表示“一些身处困境中的孩子”为some children in trouble，其中介词短语in trouble作后置定语修饰children。 68. 忍受着过度的压力，她一受挫就爱拿家人出气，最后窗户紧闭，反省错误。(end up) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Bearing excessive pressure, she would take it out on her family whenever she suffered setbacks and end up staying behind closed windows to reflect on her mistakes. 【解析】 【详解】表示“她”用she，作主语；表示“过去常常会”用would后接动词原形；“拿……出气”用固定短语take it out on；表示“她的家人”用her family，作宾语；“一受挫”用whenever引导时间状语从句，从句主语用she，“受挫”用suffer setbacks，描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，谓语用过去式suffered ；end up doing为固定结构，意为“最终以……告终”，用and连接并列成分，end用过去式ended；“窗户紧闭”理解为“待在紧闭的窗户后面”用stay behind closed windows，stay用动名词形式；“反省错误”用reflect on her mistakes，用不定式作目的状语；“忍受着过度的压力”用bear excessive pressure，bear与主语she是主动关系，用现在分词bearing作状语，置于句首，首字母大写。 69. 当评估该方案的效果时，我们应该把利弊都考虑进去，这样才能做到客观公正。(account) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When evaluating the effect of the plan, we should take both its advantages and disadvantages into account so as to be objective and impartial. 【解析】 【详解】表示“我们”用we，作句子主语；表示“应该”用情态动词should，表示“把……考虑进去”用固定搭配take...into account；“利弊”译为both its advantages and disadvantages；“这样才能”用so as to引导目的状语，后接动词原形；“客观公正”译为be objective and impartial；“当评估该方案的效果时”用when引导的时间状语从句，从句主语用we；表示“评估该方案的效果”用evaluate the effect of the plan，谓语用are evaluating；当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含“主语 + be动词”的结构，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词，本句中的时间状语从句省略we are，保留现在分词。 70. “数字慈善”是激发公众参与慈善的新方式，通过它，数字转账能处理得更高效，受灾地区资源也能分配得更合理. （which）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】“Digital charity” is a new way to inspire public participation in charity, through which digital transfers can be handled more efficiently and resources in disaster‑stricken areas can be allocated more reasonably. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意，该句陈述客观情况，全句使用一般现在时，表示“数字慈善”为“Digital charity”作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“是”为is作系动词；表示“新方式”为a new way作表语；表示“激发公众参与慈善的”用不定式to inspire public participation in charity作后置定语修饰名词way；逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词是a new way，表示“通过”为介词through，提置先行词之前，关系代词用which作介词through的宾语；表示“数字转账”为digital transfers作从句第一分句主语；表示“能处理”为can be handled，情态动词结合被动语态；表示“更高效”为more efficiently作副词比较级修饰动词handled；and连接第二个从句的分句，表示“受灾地区资源”为resources in disaster‑stricken areas作主语；表示“能分配”为can be allocated，情态动词结合被动语态；表示“更合理”为more reasonably作副词比较级修饰动词allocated。 VII. Guided Writing (20 分) 71. Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是启明中学李华，看到电视台有报道说很多超市有大量临近保质期的食物，针对这些食物如何处理想征集观众意见，你很有感触遂写信给电台表达想法，信件内容包含： 1. 对如何处理这些临近保质期的食品提出建议； 2. 提出这些建议的理由。 【答案】To whom it may concern,      I’m Li Hua, a senior three student at Qi Ming Middle School, writing to propose my solutions to the great amount of processed foods approaching the shelf life in many super markets. On the one hand, I believe that it is very effective for TV station to broadcast food promotion programme at discount for foods. TV station is very influential to inform great many audiences some of whom will turn into consumers. Besides, the measure can save a lot of money by the promotion. What’s more, it is very safe to consume the foods immediately despite approaching shelf life. On the other hand, the remaining foods after the promotion can go into charity, to be donated to Hope Schools in the remote regions of China for instant consumption. The quality can definitely be guaranteed. I’m looking forward to the approval of my suggestions. Yours,  Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇提纲类写作。 【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，你是启明中学李华，看到电视台有报道说很多超市有大量临近保质期的食物，针对这些食物如何处理想征集观众意见，你很有感触遂写信给电台表达想法，信件内容包含：1. 对如何处理这些临近保质期的食品提出建议；2. 提出这些建议的理由。 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：propose my solutions (提出解决方案)；processed foods (加工过的食品)；shelf life (保存期限)；super markets (超市)；on the one hand…on the other hand…(一方面……另一方面……)；effective(有效的)；food promotion(食品促销)；influential(有影响力的)；inform (通知)；consume(食用)等。 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如 I’m Li Hua, a senior three student at Ming Qi Middle School, writing to propose my solutions to the great amount of processed foods approaching the shelf life in many super markets.非谓语动词的运用。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $