上海市七宝中学2023-2024学年高二第一学期阶段考试英语试题

**基本信息** 七宝中学高二英语月考卷以科技前沿（如AI自动驾驶、植物攀爬机制）与文化传承（如国际母语日、中国古典文学）为情境载体，融合语言能力与思维品质考查，题型梯度适配高二学情。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |听力理解|25分|日常交际、科普说明|短对话聚焦场景推断，长对话涉及学习方法，短文融入急救知识与新型咖啡店，考查信息抓取与逻辑推理| |语法词汇|40分|时态、从句、非谓语、词义辨析|语法填空以植物学研究、语言保护为文本，考查语境语法运用；选词填空围绕居里夫人发现镭与中国民本思想，渗透科学精神与文化意识| |阅读理解|60分|细节理解、推理判断、主旨归纳|A篇探讨数学学习困难的认知机制，B篇分析AI常识缺失问题，C篇呈现纽约地铁阅读文化，培养批判性思维与跨文化理解| |翻译|25分|固定搭配、复杂句式|涵盖部门管理、文学沉迷、动物实验伦理等主题，如“不积跬步，无以至千里”的翻译，融合语言表达与价值引导|

七宝中学高二英语测试2 (October 2023) 出卷： 审卷： I. Listening Comprehension (25 points) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At a convenience store. B. At a cinema. C. At a railway station. D At a hospital. 2. A. Three. B. Twenty. C. Seventeen. D. Twenty-three. 3. A. He was involved in a terrible accident. B. He has a good relationship with his professor. C. He handed in his homework on time despite the car wreck. D. He often makes up excuses for not doing his homework. 4. A. Ticket seller and audience. B. Manager and secretary. C. Librarian and reader. D. Receptionist and customer. 5. A. A cartoon. B. A movie about a talk show. C. A comedy. D. A violent movie. 6. A. He is not a bit overweight. B. He likes his fitness instructor. C. She has set too many rules for him. D. She should talk with his personal trainer. 7. A. He doesn’t like dressing up for Halloween. B. He thinks Halloween celebration is fun. C. Halloween is his least favourite holiday. D. He can’t stand putting up Halloween decorations. 8. A. There is a no fishing sign. B. The man caught many small fish. C. The woman is angry with the man. D. The man had to pay to fish there. 9. A. They don’t want to worry about being late. B. They can’t complete the project in 3 months. C. They can do better with more time. D. Something unexpected is sure to happen. 10. A. The man decides to go home by rail. B. Most people travel by car during the festival. C. Most people arrive beyond the scheduled time. D. The man will have a sound sleep on the bus. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. The burn is 20 millimeters across. B. The burn is small but very painful. C. The burn takes away the victim’s feeling. D. The burn is small but the skin is damaged. 12. A. Use a clean plastic bag to keep warm. B. Bind up the burn with bandage or cloth. C. Treat the burned area with cold running water. D. Flush (冲洗) the burn with ice water for several minutes. 13. A. To avoid infection. B. To ease pain. C. To speed recovery. D. To reduce stickiness. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. They can remind themselves to make full use of time. B. They can keep time when they are writing a novel. C. They should pay by minute when they leave. D. They can get a clock as a gift for buying the coffee. 15. A. Customers should wash their own dishes for there is no waitress. B. The relaxed atmosphere attracts like-minded people to socialize there. C. Customers can bring their own snacks because no food is served there. D. Wi-Fi is unavailable because face-to-face communication is encouraged there. 16. A. It has proved to be popular in both Britain and Russia. B. The coffee shop in London is not as successful as expected. C. It’s not well-received in Britain because it costs more. D. It takes time to see whether British people like it or not. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Tomorrow. B. This Saturday. C. Next Monday. D. In two weeks. 18. A. She reviews what she has learned in every chapter and tests herself. B. She focuses on the class notes for an entire day without breaks. C. She copies top students’ notes and reads them carefully. D. She memorizes all the information within one night. 19. A. They quiz each other and the loser pays the bill. B. They study together and enjoy lunch together. C. They have lunch and go to see a movie. D. They solve some urgent problems first. 20. A. She puts stress on herself to get motivated. B. She goes to sleep early to ensure a good rest. C. She takes every opportunity to learn new knowledge. D. She reviews the materials and crams for (突击准备) the test. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (40 points) Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. (A) Cucumbers, sweet peas, grapes — what do they have in common? (21) __________ of these vegetables grow on trees. They don’t have strong roots, big trunks or long branches, which makes it harder for them to get sunlight. But don’t worry. They (22) __________ (develop) their own unique way of growing taller — climbing! Take cucumbers as an example. The plant grows as a straight stem (23) __________ it finds something to hold onto, either a nearby tree or a stick. That is when the stem makes small coils (卷曲) that help the plant hold the stick tightly. How plants are able to do this has remained a mystery to scientists for years. Even Charles Darwin was interested in this question. But it is not until now (24) __________ a Harvard research team has finally found the answer. The study was published in the journal Science earlier this month. The key, (25) __________ it turns out, is inside a kind of thread-like cell called “g-fiber cell”, which has the ability to shrink or stretch. Each stem of the cucumber plant is made up of several layers of g-fibers. Once the plant finds something to hold onto, cells on one side of the stem start to shrink, (26) __________ (force) the whole thing to curve and coil, which is a bit like (27) __________ our muscles get our bodies to move. What’s more, a cucumber’s coil is not exactly like that of a spring. (28) __________ you look closely, you may find that a spring curves all in the same direction, but a plant’s coil curves in two opposite directions, like a telephone cord (线). This means that the stem can stay soft when pulled gently but become stiff and strong when pulled harder. “You want the plant to have a little bit of flexibility (29) __________ __________ if the wind blows or an animal brushes past it, it doesn’t break,” explained Sharon Gerbode, lead author of the study. “This structure allows the plant (30) __________ (accommodate) small motions easily, but then if something really serious happens it can get very stiff and protect itself.” (B) Each year on Feb 21, UNESCO holds an International Mother Language Day (IMLD). The event is (31) __________ (draw) attention to the disappearance of the world’s languages: dozens of them are vanishing each year. UNESCO sees this as a tragedy, and with good reason. What happens when a language dies out? Something huge is lost – not just sounds and marks but the way (32) __________ people make sense of the world and communicate with each other. And it is through language that we have culture and tradition. (33) __________ (kill) a language and all this is killed too. Through IMLD, people are becoming (34) __________ (aware) of the destruction of linguistic diversity in modern times and trying to stop it. Google’s 2012 Endangered Languages Project is a good example. Speakers and protectors of endangered languages upload text, audio and video files to the project site. They want to introduce people to the wonders of the way people communicate and express (35) __________ around the world. The Myaamia Project is a similar kind of effort. This is an attempt to revive the language spoken by the Miami and Illinois tribes of the US. Project members work to encourage people to study and communicate with this language, which formally died out in the 1960s. These activities, which breathe life into languages on the verge of extinction, (36) __________ seem old-fashioned to some. But (37) __________ who work to keep languages alive are not enslaved (束缚) to the past. They are enthusiastic young people who design apps and use social media to champion their activities. As the US-based social event calendar website Upcoming puts (38) __________, they “spread the word” to save the word. So, (39) __________ the problem of disappearing languages remains a very serious one, there is hope. We all have a special feeling for our mother tongue, although those of us who speak (40) __________ that is not endangered might not always be aware of it. This is why we should recall the wise words of the late president of South Africa, Nelson Mandela: “If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to a man in his own language, that goes to his heart.” Section B Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. (A) A. appreciate B. determining C. further D. ignorance AB. invisible AC. present AD. readings BC. scale BD. supporting CD. valuable ABC. wrapping The Curies became research workers at the School of Chemistry and Physics in Paris and there they began their pioneering work into (41) __________ rays given off by uranium (铀矿) — a new phenomenon which had recently been discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel. He had shown that the rays were able to pass through solid matter, fog and photographic film and caused air to conduct electricity. Marie also noticed that samples of a mineral called pitchblende (沥青铀矿), which contains uranium ore (矿石), were a great deal more radioactive than the pure element uranium. Further work convinced her that the very large (42) __________ she was getting could not be caused by uranium alone – there was something else in the pitchblende. Since nobody had ever found it before, it could only be present in tiny quantities, and it seemed to be very radioactive. Marie was convinced she had found a new chemical element — other scientists doubted her results. Pierre and Marie Curie set about working to search for the unknown element. They ground up samples of pitchblende, dissolved them in acid, and began to separate the different elements (43) __________, using the standard analytical chemistry techniques of the time. Eventually, they extracted a black powder 330 times more radioactive than uranium, which they called polonium (钋). Polonium was a new chemical element, atomic number 84. When the Curies investigated (44) __________, they found that the liquid left behind after they had extracted polonium was still extremely radioactive. They realised that pitchblende contained another new element, far more radioactive than polonium, but present in even smaller quantities. In 1898, the Curies published strong evidence (45) __________ the existence of the new element — which they called radium — but they still had no sample of it. Pitchblende is an expensive mineral, because it contains (46) __________ uranium, and Marie needed a lot of it. She got in touch with a factory in Austria that removed the uranium from pitchblende for industrial use and bought several tonnes of the worthless waste product, which was even more radioactive than the original pitchblende, and was much cheaper. Marie set about processing the pitchblende to extract the tiny quantities of radium. This involved working on a much larger (47) __________ than before, with 20kg batches of the mineral — grinding, dissolving, filtering, precipitating, collecting, redissolving, crystallising and recrystallising. The work was heavy and physically demanding — and involved dangers the Curies did not (48) __________. During this time they began to feel sick and physically exhausted; today we can attribute their ill-health to the early symptoms of radiation sickness. At the time they persevered in (49) __________ of the risks, often with raw and inflamed hands because they were continually handling highly radioactive material. In 1902 Marie eventually isolated radium (as radium chloride (氯化镭)), (50) __________ its atomic weight as 225.93. The journey to the discovery had been long and arduous. (B) A. challenged B. ease C. incorporated D. interpretations AB. mirrors AC. pursuit AD. revolutionaries BC. shoulder BD. spared CD. thrive ABC. unrestrained Great ones never leave, and great ideas never die. Throughout history, many great minds have shaped China. The second season of the documentary China, which concluded in March, explores their stories. It also (51) __________ one spirit of the nation — people-oriented thought. In China, the concept of putting people first has a long history. Dating back to the Xia Dynasty, King Taikang indulged in (52) __________ pleasure and ignored national affairs. As a result, he was turned away by his country. His brothers wrote about an instruction from his ancestor, “The people are the foundation of a country, and only when the people lead a good life can the country (53) __________”. Later in Warring States period, Mencius took the idea of putting people first to a new level. He (54) __________ the feudal monarchy (封建君主制) and proposed, “The most valuable are the people, next comes the state, and the least is the ruler”. After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, people-oriented thought was (55) __________ into the political system through the imperial examination system, which contained a great deal of Confucian classics and created the unique cultural temperament (气质) of ancient Chinese politics. Attaching importance to people’s livelihoods has become a major political (56) __________ for officials. Di Renjie, a prime minister (宰相) in the Tang Dynasty, is a good example. Much of his advice to Empress Wu Zetian showed his concern for the common people. For example, he asked to (57) __________ the burden on them and provide more support to them. This concern can also be seen in many officials’ poems, for instance, Fan Zhongyan’s famous line, “To be the first in the country to worry about the affairs of the state and the last to enjoy oneself”. A century ago, Chinese (58) __________ led by Sun Yat-sen stunned the world when they launched the Revolution of 1911, ending the monarchy that had ruled China for thousands of years. A great pioneer of China’s democratic revolution, Sun put forward the well-known “Three Principles of the People”, aiming to build an independent and democratic new China. Now China has given different (59) __________ to people-oriented thought. During the pandemic, “people first, life first” has become a buzzword. “From a 30-hour-old baby to senior citizens over 100 years old, no cost was (60) __________ to save a life, and all the treatment was free,” Chinese Ambassador to the United States said in a speech on Oct 6, 2021. III. Reading Comprehension A (30 points) Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. (A) Gallup used to conduct a p Section oll (投票) that asked students to name the school subject that they considered to be the most difficult. Not (61) __________, mathematics came out on top of the difficulty chart. So what is it about math that makes it difficult? Dictionary.com defines the word “difficult” as “not easily or readily done; requiring much (62) __________ or planning to be performed successfully.” This definition gets to the point of the problem when it comes to math. What makes math difficult is that it takes patience and persistence. For many students, math is not something that comes (63) __________. It takes effort. It is a subject that sometimes requires students to devote lots and lots of time and (64) __________. This means, for many, the problem has little to do with brain power; it is mostly a matter of staying power. And since students don’t make their own timelines, they can (65) __________ the time as the teacher moves on to the next topic. In fact, there is also an element of brain style in the big picture, according to many scientists. They believe that people are born with (66) __________ math understanding skills. Logical, left-brain thinkers tend to understand things in sequential bits, while artistic, intuitive, right-brainers are more (67) __________. They take in a lot of information at one time and allow time to let it “sink in”. So left-brain students may grasp concepts (68) __________ while right-brain students don’t. To the right brain students, time loss can make them feel confused and behind. Unfortunately in busy classrooms with too many students, students are not always (69) __________ enough time. We have to move on, ready or not. Math know-how is also cumulative (积累), which means it works much like a pile of building blocks. You have to gain enough (70) __________ in one area before you can effectively go on to “build upon” another area. Our first mathematical building blocks are established in primary school, when we learn (71) __________ for addition and multiplication, and those first concepts become our (72) __________. These mathematical concepts or knowledge has to sink in and become (73) __________ before students can move on to challenge the next stage of new concepts. However, teachers don’t have time to ensure that every single student understands every single concept. So some students move to the next level with really shaky knowledge system. (74) __________, as they climb the ladder, they may meet with more and more difficulties and might (75) __________ complete failure at some point. 61. A. surprisingly B. interestingly C. necessarily D. similarly 62. A. emotion B. labor C. curiosity D. money 63. A. regularly B. possibly C. automatically D. secretly 64. A. space B. confidence C. character D. energy 65. A. make up for B. run out of C. take advantage of D. add up to 66. A. steady B. abstract C. different D. sharp 67. A. negative B. global C. simple D. specific 68. A. quickly B. typically C. patiently D. strangely 69. A. reminded about B. exposed to C. blessed with D. accused of 70. A. praises B. scores C. material D. blocks 71. A. solutions B. rules C. aims D. choices 72. A. thought B. attitude C. foundation D. source 73. A. native B. accessible C. firm D. superior 74. A. In addition B. In contrast C. For example D. In result 75. A. realize B. acknowledge C. suffer D. regret (B) Picture yourself driving down a city street. Suddenly you see something in the middle of the road ahead. A torn paper bag, a lost shoe, or something else? You’ll quickly determine the actions that best fit the (76) __________ — what humans call having “common sense”. However, (77) __________ “obstacles” that no human would ever stop for, AI self-driving vehicles are likely to apply the brakes unexpectedly. The challenges for self-driving vehicles won’t be solved by giving them more training data or rules for what to do in unusual situations. To be trustworthy, these vehicles need common sense to solve the object-in-the-road problem: broad (78) __________ about the properties of objects and an ability to (79) __________ adapt that knowledge in new circumstances. You can predict, (80) __________, that while a pile of glass on the road won’t fly away as you approach, birds likely will. From this (81) __________, the term “common sense” seems to (82) __________ exactly what current AI systems cannot do. Their lack of a (83) __________ of common sense makes them susceptible (易受影响的) to unpredictable errors, which humans will never make. Today’s AI systems use neural networks, algorithms (算法) trained to spot patterns, based on data gathered from extensive collections of human-labeled examples. This (84) __________ is very different from how humans learn. We humans seem to come into the world with inborn knowledge of certain basic concepts — including the ideas of objects and events and the nature of space. We aren’t even (85) __________ that we have it, or that it forms the basis for all future learning. A big lesson from decades of AI research is how hard it is to teach such (86) __________ to machines. The history of planting common sense in AI systems has largely focused on cataloging human knowledge: manually programming and (87) __________ stereotyped (模式化的) situations. But all such attempts face a possibly fatal (88) __________: Much of our instinctive knowledge is unwritten, unspoken, and not even in our conscious awareness. A US AI research agency recently launched a programme. It challenges researchers to create an AI system that learns from “experience” in order to acquire the cognitive (认知的) abilities of an 18-month-old baby. It might seem strange that (89) __________ a baby is considered a grand challenge for AI, but this reflects the gulf between AI’s success in specific fields and more general intelligence. If we can figure out how to get our machines to learn like children, perhaps after some years, these young “commonsense agents” will finally become teenagers — ones who are sufficiently sensible to be (90) __________ with the car keys. 76. A. situation B. environment C. context D. regulation 77. A. inspecting B. locating C. tracking D. spotting 78. A. horizon B. mind C. knowledge D. control 79. A. casually B. flexibly C. routinely D. mechanically 80. A. as a result B. in a word C. for example D. in the meantime 81. A. perspective B. conclusion C. condition D. inference 82. A. diagnose B. analyze C. specify D. capture 83. A. prediction B. foundation C. definition D. motivation 84. A. process B. experience C. tendency D. strategy 85. A. content B. confident C. conscious D. concerned 86. A. approaches B. procedures C. skills D. concepts 87. A. registering B. presenting C. uncovering D. reviewing 88. A. obstacle B. prejudice C. consequence D. error 89. A. training B. raising C. delivering D. matching 90. A. burdened B. rewarded C. entrusted D. honored Section B (22 points) Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Every April I am troubled by the same concern — that spring might not occur this year. The landscape looks dull, with hills, sky and forest appearing gray. My spirits ebb, as they did during an April snowfall when I first came to Maine 15 years ago. “Just wait,” a neighbor advised. “You’ll wake up one morning and spring will just be here.” And look, on May 3 that year I awoke to a green so amazing as to be almost electric, as if spring were simply a matter of flipping a switch. Hills, sky and forest revealed their purples, blues and green. Leaves had unfolded and daffodils were fighting their way heavenward. Then there was the old apple tree. It sits on an undeveloped lot in my neighborhood. It belongs to no one and therefore to everyone. The tree’s dark twisted branches stretch out in unpruned (未经修剪的) abandon. Each spring it blossoms so freely that the air becomes filled with the scent of apple. Until last year, I thought I was the only one aware of this tree. And then one day, in a bit of spring madness, I set out with pruner to remove a few disorderly branches. No sooner had I arrived under the tree than neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches. These were people I barely knew and seldom spoke to, but it was as if I had come uninvited into their personal gardens. My mobile-home neighbor was the first to speak. “You’re not cutting it down, are you?” she asked anxiously. Another neighbor frowned as I cut off a branch. “Don’t kill it, now,” he warned. Soon half the neighborhood had joined me under the apple tree. It struck me that I had lived there for five years and only now was learning these people’s names, what they did for a living and how they passed the winter. It was as if the old apple tree was gathering us under its branches for the purpose of both acquaintanceship and shared wonder. I couldn’t help recalling Robert Frost’s words: The trees that have it in their pent-up buds To darken nature and be summer woods One thaw (解冻) led to another. Just the other day I saw one of my neighbors at the local store. He remarked how this recent winter had been especially long and complained of not having seen or spoken at length to anyone in our neighborhood. And then, he looked at me and said, “We need to prune that apple tree again.” 91. By saying that “my spirits ebb” (Para. 1), the author means that __________. A. he feels relieved B. he feels blue C. he is surprised D. he is tired 92. The apple tree mentioned in the passage is most likely to __________. A. be regarded as a delight in the neighborhood B. have been abandoned by its original owner C. have been neglected by everyone in the community D. be appealing only to the author 93. In Para. 4, “neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches” probably because __________. A. they were surprised that someone unknown was pruning the tree B. they wanted to prevent the author from pruning the tree C. they were concerned about the safety of the tree D. they wanted to get to know the author 94. It can be inferred that the author’s neighbor mentioned in the last paragraph most cared about __________. A. when spring would arrive B. how to pass the long winter C. the neighborhood gathering D. the pruning of the apple tree (B) According to a recent poll (投票), the top reason people quit their job is a bad supervisor. But if you really like the job or need it as a stepping stone in your career, you will have to learn to deal with your superior. Daniel Bortz, who writes Time magazine’s career column, has some advice to cope with the following types of bosses. · The passive-aggressive: Praising you in private, then criticizing your ideas in public. How to cope: Try to get honest feedback from your boss. You can say, “I got the sense you didn’t like my idea. Would you mind next time sharing your constructive criticism in advance? It would really help me improve. · The praise thief: Stealing credit for your work and ideas. How to cope: Try saying, “I noticed that the project I developed has taken off with the big bosses. I’d love to be included in those conversations.” If this doesn’t work, start sending big-idea e-mails to your boss and your boss’s boss, saying that you want to get input from both of them. By doing this, you can take ownership of your own work. · The hands-off boss: Giving so much freedom to staff that they may be working on the wrong tasks. How to cope: When starting a project, ask your supervisor for specifics on what he or she is looking for, and then send an e-mail going over and summarizing the conversation. You’ll be on the same page and have it on record. · The self-centered: Making you work late, calling you on vacation, and generally stealing your personal life. How to cope: People with a big ego (自我) think they’re perfect and hate criticism. So cushion the request to reclaim your life with a compliment. Say, “I admire your commitment to excellence and want to do the best job possible, but my work suffers when I’m exhausted. I need my weekends to recover.” 95. According to the author, which is the top reason for people to quit their job? A. The job has prevented them from achieving a career. B. The job is stealing their vacations and weekends. C. They don’t like what they are doing. D. They find the boss hard to deal with. 96. By inviting your boss to share his constructive criticism with you, what you actually want is __________. A. a fair review of your work B. some praise before your colleagues C. your boss’s comments in private D. extra help from your boss 97. It is a piece of advice for those dealing with __________ that you should tell them you want to be informed of all progress in your work. A. the passive-aggressive type of bosses B. the praise-thief type of bosses C. the hands-off bosses D. the self-centered type of bosses (C) The middle-aged woman with the black cardigan around her shoulders had assumed a meticulously calibrated (精确校准的) posture: feet shoulder-width apart, arms slightly bent, fists loosely clenched, muscles relaxed yet alert. She was not preparing for a tae kwon do bout, but performing her personal version of the underground battle engaged in daily by millions of New Yorkers: reading, intently, on a sardine-can D train heading swiftly toward Brooklyn in the evening rush. Without holding on. “I am a New Yorker,” the woman, Robin Kornhaber, 54, told me as if those five crisp words explained everything. “I can do anything on the subway.” Reading on the subway is a New York ritual, for the masters of the intricately folded newspaper like Ms. Kornhaber, who lives in Park Slope and works on the Upper East Side, as well as for teenage girls thumbing through magazines, aspiring actors memorizing lines, office workers devouring (津津有味地看) self-help inspiration, immigrants taking comfort in paragraphs in a familiar tongue. These days, among the worn covers may be the occasional Kindle, but since most trains are still devoid of Internet access, the subway ride remains a rare low-tech interlude (插曲) in a city of multitasking workaholics. And so, we read. Even without a seat, even while pressed with strangers into human panini, even as someone plays a keyboard harmonica and rattles a cup of change, even when stumbling home after a party. There are those whose commutes are carefully timed to the length of a Talk of the Town section of The New Yorker, those who methodically page their way through the classics, and those who always carry a second novel in case they unexpectedly make it to the end of the first on a slow F train. There is a lawyer from Brooklyn who for the past two months has catalogued what she and other commuters are reading on a blog, “The Subway Book Club,” and a student at the New School who spent the summer passing out 600 donated books to subway riders to spread her passion for reading. And then there are those reading the readers, imagining their story lines. That man in a suit studying “Rosetta Stone Level 3 Italian” on the No. 2 train must be preparing to meet his fiancée’s family in Tuscany. The woman reading a young-adult novel at 81st Street is probably a teacher preparing for class. We are usually left to wonder, but I recently spent 12 hours crisscrossing four boroughs underground, asking people what they were reading and why. Bob Alderson, 46, the man learning Italian, is a patent lawyer, with no immediate overseas travel plans, but aspirations. “Someday I want to visit Italy, so I’m studying,” he said. 98. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. New York Rush B. Reading Underground C. Underground Battle D. Subway Escape 99. The first three paragraphs tell us that __________. A. Robin Kornhaber is a little bit nervous on the train B. Robin Kornhaber is physically prepared for train ride C. Robin Kornhaber is a typical New York train rider and reader D. Robin Kornhaber stands for New Yorkers who rely heavily on subway 100. Which of the following is NOT true? A. It is a culture for New Yorkers to read underground. B. Some people will make guesses at those reading on the train. C. People have no Internet access on most underground trains in New York. D. People must make a careful schedule if they are to read underground. 101. The following may stand for the ill environment for readers on the train EXCEPT __________. A. sardine-can B. human panini C. tae kwon do bout D. keyboard harmonica Section C (8 points) Directions: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. And the resulting shift from conspicuous (炫耀的) to conscious consumption is changing the face of consumerism. B. But consumption equality is a double-edged sword. C. In fact, global consumption is already rapidly becoming more equal. D. Rather, they will probably follow their own path, driven by an awareness and concern about the planet’s sustainability. AB. The businesses and governments must therefore carefully manage these balances in pursuing the SDGs. AC. The world is becoming “flat” with respect to consumption. Discussions about economic development often focus on how to increase income equality. More recently, however, thoughtful observers have begun to regard consumption equality — the equal use of goods and services — as a more sure indicator of equality in human wellbeing. After all, it more accurately captures inequality as people experience it when they consume. And consumption can be affected by borrowing and saving, as well as by social safety-net programs. (102) __________ Although increased consumption by citizens of less-developed countries will improve the lives of millions, it will likely have negative consequences for the planet’s already stressed environment. Furthermore, reducing the high level of individual consumption in richer countries may result in short-term economic pain until new long-term sustainable production and consumption practices are in place. One recent study of the interaction between the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) found balances between SDG 12, Responsible Consumption and Production, and ten of the other goals. (103) __________ Demographics (人口统计) will likely play an essential role in driving greater consumption equality. This year, Generation Z, born between 1995 and 2010, will become the world’s largest group, overtaking Millennials (born between 1980 and 1994). Together, these two groups will likely be the world’s most tech-savvy (精通科技), sustainability-conscious consumers. These generations have grown up with the so-called sharing economy. In general, they are not interested in buying things or owning houses or cars; instead, they value experiences like new media, tourism, entertainment, and e-sports. (104) __________ Moreover, 80% of the world’s middle class will live outside the United States and the European Union by 2030. These citizens will likely seek to improve their lives by consuming more — but not simply by copying developed-world consumption patterns. (105) __________ IV. Translation (4 points + 5 points + 5 points + 5 points + 6 points = 25 points) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1. 那位部门经理受欢迎的秘诀在于他从不对下属吹毛求疵。(consist, fault) 2. 这个羞怯的女孩对中国古典文学如此沉迷，充分利用业余时间来作诗、写小说。(So, addict) 3. 不言而喻，如果人类停止在动物身上做残忍的实验，这将对动物福利产生深远的影响。(It, cease) 4. 你越少迫使自己去追求明显不切实际的目标，你患心理疾病的可能性就越小。(press, likely) 5. 正是那句“不积跬步，无以至千里”激励那个年轻人通过不断摸索成为了一名优秀的指挥家。(It, trial) 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $