内容正文:
外研版(新教材)八年级上册 语法练习
Unit 5 Play by the rules?
语法知识回顾
一、什么是情态动词?
情态动词本身不表示动作,而是表达说话者对动作的态度或语气,如“必须”“可以”“应该”“可能”等。情态动词不能单独作谓语,必须接动词原形。
注意:情态动词无人称和数的变化,也没有时态变化(除个别外)。
二、核心情态动词用法对比
情态动词
核心用法
例句
can
能力;允许;可能性
I can swim.(能力) You can go now.(允许) It can be cold here.(可能性)
could
过去的能力;委婉请求
I could run fast when I was young.(过去能力) Could you help me?(委婉请求)
may
允许;可能性(较正式)
May I come in?(允许) It may rain later.(可能性)
might
比may更委婉/可能性更小
Might I ask a question?(更委婉) She might be at home.(可能性较小)
must
必须(主观义务);肯定推测
You must follow the rules.(必须) He must be tired.(肯定推测)
have to
不得不(客观需要)
I have to wear a uniform at work.(客观规定)
should
应该(建议/义务)
You should be more careful.(建议)
ought to
应该(道义上的责任)
We ought to protect the environment.
shall
用于第一人称疑问句表建议;与二三人称表命令/允诺
Shall we go now?(建议) You shall get a reward.(允诺)
will
将来;意愿;请求
I will help you.(意愿) Will you close the door?(请求)
need
必要(否定句/疑问句常用)
You needn't come if you're busy.(不必) Need I go now?(需要吗)
had better
最好(强烈建议)
You had better start now.(你最好现在开始)
三、must 与 have to 的区别
情态动词
区别
例句
must
主观上“我认为必须”,来自说话者
I must finish my homework now.(自己决定的)
have to
客观上“不得不”,来自外部因素
I have to go to work.(客观要求,如工作需要)
mustn't = 禁止(绝对不允许)
don't have to = 不必(没有义务)
needn't = 不必(= don't have to)
四、情态动词表示推测
情态动词
推测程度
例句
must
肯定推测(非常确定)
The lights are on. He must be at home.
may / might / could
可能推测(不太确定)
She may/might/could be in the library.
can't
否定推测(非常确定不可能)
He can't be at school. It's Sunday.
五、情态动词的疑问与否定
句型
结构
例句
否定句
情态动词 + not + 动词原形
You mustn't smoke here. / She can't swim.
一般疑问句
情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形
Can you help me? / May I come in?
特殊疑问句
疑问词 + 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形
What can I do for you?
一、单项选择(从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案)
1. You ________ follow the school rules. They are made to protect everyone.
A. can B. may C. must D. need
2. —________ I borrow your pen? —Sure. Here you are.
A. Must B. Need C. Can D. Should
3. Students ________ run in the hallways. It’s very dangerous.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. needn’t D. don’t have to
4. You ________ wear a uniform at this school. It’s a rule.
A. must B. might C. can D. may
5. She is always on time. She ________ be late for class.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. may not D. needn’t
6. —________ we go to the park this weekend?
—That’s a good idea!
A. Must B. Need C. Shall D. May
7. I ________ finish this work today, but I can do it tomorrow if you allow.
A. mustn’t B. don’t have to C. can’t D. may not
8. You ________ be careful when you cross the road.
A. can B. may C. should D. might
9. He ________ be at home. I saw him leave five minutes ago.
A. must B. can’t C. may D. need
10. —Must I return the book tomorrow?
—No, you ________. You can keep it for another week.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. may not
11. She ________ be at the library. I’m not sure.
A. must B. can’t C. may D. need
12. You ________ arrive at school before 8 a.m. every day.
A. have to B. may C. can D. would
13. —________ you pass me the salt, please? —Of course.
A. Must B. Need C. Could D. Shall
14. We ________ protect the environment. It’s everyone’s duty.
A. can B. may C. ought to D. might
15. You’d better ________ your homework before you watch TV.
A. finish B. to finish C. finishing D. finished
二、用适当的情态动词填空(can, could, may, must, have to, should, need, shall, will, had better)
1. You ________ follow the rules if you want to stay in this club.
2. —________ I use your phone? I need to call my mother.
—Sure.
3. Students ________ talk loudly in the library. It’s a quiet place.
4. I ________ go to work every day because I need to earn money.
5. You ________ study hard if you want to get good grades.
6. —________ we start the meeting now?
—Yes, let’s begin.
7. You ________ eat too much junk food. It’s bad for your health.
8. He ________ be at the office. I saw his car in the parking lot.
9. —________ you open the door for me?
—Certainly.
10. You ________ worry about the exam. You have prepared well.
11. She ________ be at home. I called her but no one answered.
12. You ________ ask your parents for advice before you make a decision.
13. I ________ get up early tomorrow because I have a flight at 7 a.m.
14. —________ I go out to play, Mum?
—Yes, but you must come back before dinner.
15. You ________ finish your homework first. Then you can watch TV.
三、根据汉语意思完成句子
1. 你必须遵守规则。
You ________ ________ the rules.
2. 禁止在图书馆里大声说话。
You ________ ________ loudly in the library.
3. 你不必现在完成作业。
You ________ ________ to finish your homework now.
4. 我们应该尊重我们的老师和同学。
We ________ ________ our teachers and classmates.
5. 她一定在教室里。
She ________ ________ in the classroom.
6. 我不得不每天早起上学。
I ________ ________ get up early to go to school every day.
7. 你能帮我搬这个箱子吗?
________ you help me ________ this box?
8. 我们今天下午去游泳好吗?
________ we go swimming this afternoon?
9. 你最好不要在这里吸烟。
You ________ ________ not ________ here.
10. 她可能在家,我也不是很确定。
She ________ be at home. I’m not very sure.
四、句型转换(按要求改写句子)
1. You must finish your homework before dinner.(改为否定句)
→ You ________ ________ your homework before dinner.
2. She can speak three languages.(改为一般疑问句)
→ ________ she ________ three languages?
3. He must be at school today.(改为否定推测)
→ He ________ ________ at school today.
4. We need to leave now.(改为否定句)
→ We ________ ________ to leave now.
5. You should ask your teacher for help.(改为一般疑问句)
→ ________ I ________ my teacher for help?
6. I have to go home now.(改为一般疑问句)
→ ________ you ________ to go home now?
7. May I come in?(作肯定回答)
→ ________, you ________.
8. Could you help me with my homework?(作肯定回答)
→ ________, I ________.
五、用所给动词的适当形式填空(注意情态动词后接动词原形)
1. You must ________ (follow) the school rules.
2. She can ________ (speak) English and French very well.
3. We should ________ (arrive) at school on time every day.
4. You needn’t ________ (worry) about the test. It’s not difficult.
5. He had better ________ (finish) his homework before dinner.
6. May I ________ (open) the window? It’s too hot.
7. They have to ________ (wear) uniforms at work.
8. You mustn’t ________ (shout) in the library.
9. She might ________ (be) at home. I’m not sure.
10. Could you ________ (tell) me the way to the station?
六、请用所给情态动词完成对话(每个词只能用一次)
mustn’t
may
can
should
have to
needn’t
must
could
can’t
might
A: Excuse me, 1. ________ you help me with this box? It’s so heavy.
B: Of course. Here you are. By the way, what’s in it?
A: Some books. I 2. ________ take them to the library. They are due today.
B: 3. ________ I have a look at them?
A: Sure. They are all about Chinese history. You 4. ________ be interested in them.
B: You 5. ________ be right. I do love Chinese history. By the way, 6. ________ you tell me where the library is? I want to borrow some books too.
A: Go straight ahead and turn left. But you 7. ________ make noise there. And you 8. ________ bring your ID card, or you 9. ________borrow any books.
B: Got it. Thanks!
A: You 10. ________ thank me. It’s my pleasure.
参考答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. C(must表示“必须”,校规必须遵守)
2. C(Can I...?表示“我能……吗”,表示请求允许)
3. A(mustn’t表示“禁止”,在走廊奔跑很危险)
4. A(must表示“必须”,学校规定穿校服)
5. B(can’t表示“不可能”,她从不迟到)
6. C(Shall we...? 表示建议或提议)
7. B(don’t have to表示“不必”,不是必须今天完成)
8. C(should表示“应该”,过马路应该小心)
9. B(can’t表示“不可能”,看到他五分钟前离开了)
10. C(以Must开头的一般疑问句,否定回答用needn’t,意为“不必”)
11. C(may表示“可能”,不太确定)
12. A(have to表示“不得不”,客观规定)
13. C(Could you...?表示委婉请求,比Can更客气)
14. C(ought to表示“应该”,道义上的责任)
15. A(had better后接动词原形)
二、用适当的情态动词填空
1. must(必须遵守规则)
2. May/Can/Could(请求允许,三者均可)
3. mustn’t / can’t(禁止大声说话)
4. have to(不得不工作,客观需要)
5. should / must(应该/必须努力学习)
6. Shall(Shall we...? 表建议)
7. shouldn’t / had better not(不应该/最好别吃太多垃圾食品)
8. must(肯定推测,看到他的车)
9. Could/Can/Will(请求帮助)
10. needn’t / don’t have to(不必担心)
11. can’t / may not(可能不在家,没人接)
12. should(应该寻求建议)
13. have to(不得不早起,客观原因)
14. May/Can(请求允许)
15. must(必须先完成作业)
三、根据汉语意思完成句子
1. must follow
2. mustn’t / can’t speak / talk
3. don’t have / needn’t
4. should respect
5. must be
6. have to
7. Could; carry
8. Shall
9. had better; smoke
10. may / might
四、句型转换
1. mustn’t finish(must的否定是mustn’t,意为“禁止”)
2. Can; speak(一般疑问句将情态动词提前)
3. can’t be(must的否定推测用can’t)
4. don’t need(need作实义动词时,否定用don’t need)
5. Should; ask(should的一般疑问句)
6. Do; have(have to的一般疑问句用do/does)
7. Yes; may(May I...?的肯定回答)
8. Yes; can(Could you...?的肯定回答,用can)
五、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. follow(must后接动词原形)
2. speak(can后接动词原形)
3. arrive(should后接动词原形)
4. worry(needn’t后接动词原形)
5. finish(had better后接动词原形)
6. open(May I...?后接动词原形)
7. wear(have to后接动词原形)
8. shout(mustn’t后接动词原形)
9. be(might后接动词原形)
10. tell(Could后接动词原形)
六、用所给情态动词完成对话
1. could(Can/Could you...? 表示请求帮助,用could更委婉)
2. have to(不得不还书,客观原因)
3. May/Can(请求允许看一看)
4. might(可能感兴趣,不太确定)
5. may(可能正确,推测)
6. could(Could you tell me? 委婉请求)
7. mustn’t(禁止制造噪音)
8. have to(不得不带身份证,客观要求)
9. can't(不能够借任何书)
10. needn’t(不必感谢,客气回应)
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