Unit 1 Science and Scientists-【新课程能力培养】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第二册学习手册（人教版）

N 参考答案与解析 学习手册参考答案 Unit 1 SCIENCE Culture Background Analysis 1-3 FFT Period 1 Reading and Think- ing&Learning about Language I.重点知识讲解 1.【情境助记】 (1)frustrated (2)frustrates (3)frustrating (4)a sense of frustration 2.【情境助记】 (1)contradictory (2)contradict each other (3)contradiction 3.【情境助记】 (1)has infected (2)infection (3)infectious 4.【情境助记】 (1)to(2)to 5.【情境助记】 (1)proof (2)proved to be 6.【情境助记】 (1)suspect (2)suspect;of (3)suspect 7.【情境助记】 (1)blaming it on (2)to blame 8.【情境助记】 (1)handle (2)dealt with 9.【情境助记】 (1)linked to/with (2)link;to (3)link up 10.【情境助记】 (1)by (2)decreased to Ⅲ.小试牛刀 一、单句语法填空 1.infected 2.to 3.is linked 4.to blame 5.of 二、按照汉语提示完成句子 1.made so great progress that 参考答案与解析 AND SCIENTISTS 2.Handle the most important 3.is linked to smoking 4.standing for long 5.It seems that 三、语篇填空 1.who/that 2.millions 3.frustrated 4.how 5.to 6.determined 7.dead 8.blame 9.polluted 10.with Period 2 Using Language I.重点知识讲解 1.【情境助记】 Thanks to 2.【情境助记】 transformed;into 3.【情境助记】 (1)break out (2)broke away from (3)broke down (4)break through 4.【情境助记】 (1)in defence of (2)from/against 5.【情境助记】 (1)to stay (2)with 6.【情境助记】 (1)free of charge (2)in charge of 7.【情境助记】 (1)outstanding (2)stood out 8.【情境助记】 (1)gifted (2)has a gift/talent for 9.【情境助记】 (1)except for (2)besides/apart from 10.【情境助记】 above all Ⅲ.小试牛刀 一、单句语法填空 1.was frustrated 2.was transformed 3.defend 4.assistant 5.gift 65 N 高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版） 二、按照汉语提示完成句子 1.put/lay the blame on 2.has been transformed into 3.To assist;to learn 4.is in the charge of Tom;in charge of the company 5.nothing is more important 三、语篇填空 1.waters 2.happier 3.who 4.dating 5.its 6.was listed 7.to 8.to promote 9.a 10.confidence 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章以瓷器工作室老板 范玉佩为切入点介绍了中国五大名瓷之一一一钧瓷及其 故乡神后镇。 1.考查动词时态。句意：每天早上7点起床，25岁 的范玉佩打扫干净，在院子里浇花，然后打开她的钧瓷 制作工作室的门，准备开始新的一天的业务。分析句子 结构可知，此空为并列的谓语动词，与cleans,.opens并 列，用一般现在时，且为单数，故填waters。 2.考查形容词比较级。句意：对于范来说，她的家 乡禹州市神后镇的生活要幸福得多。根据句意及空前 much可知，此处应该用比较级，故填happier。 3.考查定语从句。句意：她和丈夫一起创办了自己 的工作室，丈夫辞去了在北京的工作。分析句子结构可 知，此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为her husband, 指人，在从句中作主语，故填who。 4.考查非谓语动词。句意：钧瓷是中国五大名瓷之 一，其历史可追溯到宋朝。分析句子结构可知，此空应 为非谓语动词作状语，date back to短语没有被动语态， 所以用现在分词表主动，故填dating。 5.考查代词。句意：它以在窑炉中加热时会变色而 闻名。根据“change of colors”可知，此处应该用形容 词性物主代词，故填its。 6.考查动词时态语态。句意：2008年被列为国家级 非物质文化遗产。根据时间状语“n2008”可知，此句 应该用一般过去时，主语“it”和动词1st之间为被动关 系，故填was listed。 7.考查介词。句意：神后镇是钧瓷的故乡。be home to为固定搭配，意为“是…的故乡”，故填to。 8.考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，禹州市地方政府 (66 I 采取了一系列措施来促进这种生产。take measures to do sh.为固定用法，意为“采取措施做某事”，不定式作目 的状语，故填to promote。 9.考查冠词。句意：她最近的目标是拥有一家商 店，在那里他们可以出售自己的产品。根据句意和shop 可知，此处泛指一家商店，shop发音以辅音音素开头， 故填a。 10.考查名词。句意：随着每天都有越来越多的游 客来到神后镇，范相信钧瓷在未来会获得更大的人气。 根据空前the可知，此处应填名词，作宾语，且为不可 数名词，故填confidence。 Period 4 Writing 读后续写 【参考范文】 Paragraph 1: The last day's plan is to travel the three miles to the Colorado River,which is the most challenging.With high wind howling around,we ascend the steep rock and wade the winding stream.It's almost impossible for a 12-year-old boy to overcome such a harsh condition.To my utter as- tonishment,he eventually manages to challenge himself to reach the destination and his spirits never sink despite his sore legs and minor bruises.Bathed in the warm sunshine, Kai skips with extreme excitement and shares everything novel with me along the Colorado River Paragraph 2: After the backpacking trip,I also write a note to my son.The note says "It's not only a physically demanding adventure but also a spiritually rewarding experience.I'm delighted that we are both wild enough and enjoy this life- time trip."Although Kai is only an immature boy that may just focus on the gorgeous scenery,I still believe that when he gradually grows up,he will genuinely realize that the adventure imparts the courage and consistent beliefs to him to face the stormy.Unit 1 SCIENCE Culture Backg John Snow John Snow被认为是流行病学最早的创 始人之一，同时又是最初研究和计算麻醉药 剂量的医生。 John Snow was a British Physician.He was born on 15 March,1813 in York,Eng- land.He was the first of nine children born to William and Frances Snow in their North Street home.His neighbourhood was one of the poor- est in the city and was always in danger of flooding.His father worked in the local coal yards. Snow studied in York until the age of 14. He graduated from the University of London in December 1844,and was admitted to the Royal College of Physicians in 1850. Snow was one of the first physicians to study and calculate drug doses(剂量)for use in surgical anaesthesia(庥醉). John Snow is considered to be one of the fathers of epidemiology(流行病学)because Unit 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS AND SCIENTISTS round Analysis of his work in tracing the source of a cholera outbreak in Soho,England,in 1854.He used a spot map to illustrate how cases of cholera were centred around the pump.He also made a solid use of statistics to illustrate the con- nection between the quality of the source of water and cholera cases.He showed that com- panies taking water from sewage-polluted sec- tions of the Thames delivered water to homes with an increased incidence of cholera.Snow's study was a major event in the history of pub- lic health,and could be regarded as the found- ing event of the science of epidemiology. At the age of 45,Snow suffered a stroke while working in his London office on 16 June, 1858.He never recovered,dying on 16 June, 1858 and was buried in Brompton Cemetery. John Snow was voted as the greatest physi- cian of all time in a poll of British doctors in 2003. 阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)。 ()1.John Snow was not very poor when he was young. ()2.John Snow was the first physician to study and calculate drug doses for use in surgical anaesthesia. )3.John Snow died at the age of 45 and was buried in 1858. 学 高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版） Period 1 Reading and Thinkir I.重点知识讲解 1.frustrated 【归纳拓展】 ad.懊恼的，沮丧的 frustrate v.使懊恼，使沮丧；挫败，阻挠 frustrating ad山.令人懊恼的，令人沮丧的 frustration n.懊丧，懊恼，沮丧；受挫，挫败 a frustrated artist/actor/poet失意的艺术家/演 员诗人 a sense of frustration挫折感 【情境助记】 (1)She had become increasingly with her life 她对自己的生活感到越来越沮丧。 (2)The fact that he's working with amateurs really him. 与生手共事着实让他沮丧。 (3)My job can be very sometimes 有的时候我的工作令人沮丧。 (4)People often feel that they are not being promoted quickly enough. 人们经常有一种挫折感，就是觉得自己 升职不够快。 2.contradictory 【归纳拓展】 ad山.矛盾的；抵触的 contradict.反驳，驳斥；与…矛盾 contradiction n.矛盾，不一致；反驳 contradict each other相互矛盾 in contradiction to sth.与…相反，和某事 2 )学 ng&Learning about Language 背道而驰 【情境助记】 (1)The public is being fed messages about the economy. 民众在被灌输的是互相矛盾的经济信息。 (2)The witness statements and the facts remain unclear 目击者的说法互相矛盾，真相依然未明。 (3)Your behavior is in direct to the principles you claim to have. 你的行为与你所宣称的原则背道而驰。 3.infection 【归纳拓展】 n.感染，传染病；传染 infect v.传染；感染，影响（他人） infected adj.受感染的 infectious ad山.传染性的；有感染力的 have/get/develop an infection受感染 severe/serious infection严重感染 slight/minor infection轻度感染 be exposed to an infection暴露于易受感染的 环境 【情境助记】 (1)So far,the new virus around 2 mil- lion people and killed around 190,000 peo- ple. 到目前为止，这种新病毒已经感染了约 200万人并且大约19万人死亡。 (2)France has confirmed 423 cases of and seven patients had died of the virus. 法国已经确认了423例感染病例并且有 7人死于这种病毒。 (3)The new virus is highly. 这种新病毒传染性很强。 4.subscribe 【归纳拓展】 ”订阅，订购；同意，赞同 subscriber n.订阅者；用户 subscription n.订阅；用户费 subscribe to同意，赞成，支持 【情境助记】 (1)You can subscribe the magazine for as little as $32 a year. 一年只需要32美元就可以订阅这份 杂志。 (2)I have never subscribe the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life 我从未赞同过这样的看法，以为学生时 代是一生中最快乐的日子。 5.proof 【归纳拓展】 n.证据；证明 prove v.证实；证明；证明是 prove to be sth.证明是 provide/give proof提供证据 【情境助记】 (1)You will be required to provide of your identity 会要求你提供身份证明。 (2)The design a success. 那个设计后来证明很成功。 Unit 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTSO 6.suspect 【归纳拓展】 vt.怀疑；猜疑n.被怀疑者；犯罪嫌疑人 ad.不可信的；靠不住的 suspect sb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人做了某事 suspect sb.tobe.疑心某人是… suspect that... 疑心… 【情境助记】 (1）I began to that)they were trying to get rid of me 我开始怀疑他们试图摆脱我。 (2)What made you her having taken the money? 你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的？ (3)The police arrested the yesterday 警方昨天逮捕了那个犯罪嫌疑人。 7.blame 【归纳拓展】 vt.责备；谴责；把…归咎于n.责怪； (过失、过错等)责任 blame sb.for(doing)sth.因（做）某事而 指责某人 blame sth.onsb.将某事归咎于某人 sb.be to blame for(doing)sth.某人因（做） 某事应该受到谴责 bear/take the blame承担责任 【情境助记】 (1)One of the computers is broken and she is me. 有台电脑坏了，她把责任归咎到我身上。 (2)Mr.Green stood up in defence of the 16- year-old boy,saying that he was not the one 高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版） 格林先生站起来维护那个16岁的男孩， 说他不是该受责备的人。 8.handle 【归纳拓展】 n.把手；柄t.处理；操作 handle/deal with handle 表示在处置过程中应付自如 表示应付的人或事比较麻烦或复杂 deal with 含有要解决的问题的意思 【情境助记】 (1)Who can the problem?谁能处 理这个问题？ (2)Don't worry,Mr.Smith.It's already been 不要担心，史密斯先生已经 处理完了。 9.link 【归纳拓展】 vt.连接；联系n.环；连接；联系；纽带 be linked to/with和…连在一起；与…有 联系 link A to/with B将A与B连接起来 link up(使)连接，（使）关联；联合 【情境助记】 (1)We should not conclude that his death was necessarily the reported outbreak of that infectious disease. 我们不应该就此断定他的死亡一定和所 报道的那种流行病的暴发有关系。 (2)Scientists want to know how we words objects. 科学家们想知道我们是如何把词语与物 体联系起来的。 (3)The space shuttle will with the space station this afternoon. 航天飞机将于今天下午和太空站对接。 10.decrease 【归纳拓展】 .(使)变小，（使）减少 近义词：reduce 反义词：increase v.增加 decrease to减少到 decrease by减少了 【情境助记】 (1)Average house prices decreased 13%last year. 去年房屋均价降了13%。 (2)By 1881,the population of Ireland had 5.2 million 到1881年，爱尔兰的人口减少到了 520万。 Ⅱ.重点句型解读 1.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱爆发 如此严重以至于十天内超过500人死亡。 【句法分析】 so+ad./ad.+that.引导结果状语从句，翻译 成“如此…以至于…”。 such+adj.+n.+that... such+a/an+ad.+可数名词单数+that. 注意：如果出现many/much/.few/itle等表示 多少的词修饰名词时，只能用so,不能用such。 He had so little education that he was unfit for the job. 他受教育太少以至于不适合这个工作。 2.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 看起来这个女人十分喜欢这个水泵抽出的 水以至于她让人每天把水泵里的水送到 她家。 【句法分析】 It seemed/.seems that.看起来 此句型实质是“主+系+表”结构。其中t是 人称代词，并无实意，指的是某种情况， seem为系动词，that引导表语从句」 这个句型可以换成“名词或代词+seem+动词 不定式”句型，其意不变，如果不定式为o be+ad.时，tobe往往省略。 have sth.done=get sth.done使某事被做（让 别人做)》 与have相关的常用句型还有： have sb..doing..使某人一直做.. have sth.todo有事情要做（不定式作定语） have sb.do.…让某人做 3.Moreover,in his use of maps and statis- tics,Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. 此外，在他使用地图和统计数据时，斯诺 改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。 【句法分析】 当way作先行词，并且在定语从句中作方式 状语时，其后定语从句常用in which/that,或 将in which/that省略；如果way在定语从句 中作主语或宾语时，其后定语从句则用关系 代词that或which引导，作宾语时关系代词 也可省略。 Unit 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS We all appreciate the way (that/in which)the ancient town protects its traditional cultures and customs from being abandoned.(作方式 状语) 我们都很欣赏这个古老城镇保护它的古老文 化与习俗的方式。 This is the only way (that/which)we can think of to solve the problem.(作宾语) 这是唯一的我们所能想到的解决这个问题的 办法。 Ⅲ.小试牛刀 一、单句语法填空 1.Regardless of the risk of getting (infect),Uncle Li is responsible and devot- ed to his job. 2.Do you subscribe the plan put for- ward at the meeting yesterday? 3.There is convincing evidence that skin can- cer (link)to exposure to the sun. 4.In my view,Li Hua,who broke the school rule,was (blame). 5.The police suspected him carrying drugs so they went through his bag,but found nothing. 二、按照汉语提示完成句子 1.他进步如此大以至于老师对他很满意。 He has the teachers are pleased with him. 2.先处理最重要的任务，这样你就会感觉到 一种真正的成就感。 tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of achievement. 3.毫无疑问，肺癌和抽烟有关。 学 N 高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版）】 There is no denying that lung cancer. 4.我让他在外面站了很长时间作为他再次迟 到的惩罚。 I had him to punish him for being late again. 5.看起来似乎没有人知道公园里发生了什么。 no one knows what has happened in the park. 三、语篇填空 John Snow was a famous doctor 1. showed how cholera could be overcome. In the early 19th century,when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe,2. (million）of people died from the disease.As a young doc- tor,he became 3. (frustration),be- cause no one knew 4. to prevent or treat cholera.He wasn't certain if cholera mul- (6)学 tiplied in the air,or people absorbed the dis- ease with their food.However,John Snow sub- scribed 5. the second theory.He was 6. determine)to find out the proof. First he found most of the 7. (die)people had lived near the water pump in Broad Street.So he carried out a series of researches.The results showed that the water was to 8. Then John found the dirty water from London 9. (pollu- tion)the river.After that John Snow found another proof in London from two other deaths that were linked to the disaster in Broad Street. So he could be sure that polluted water carried the virus.John Snow suggested the water com- panies should be instructed not to supply peo- ple 10. polluted water. Period 2 U I.重点知识讲解 1.thanks to多亏；幸亏 【归纳拓展】 近义短语：due to,owing to,because of,asa result of,on account of 【情境助记】 _your help,we were successful. 多亏了你的帮助，我们得以成功。 2.transform 【归纳拓展】 u.使变形；使转化 transform.into.将.变成. transformation n.改变，改观 【情境助记】 The movie. her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl a megastar. 这部电影几乎在一夜之间将她从一个默默无 闻的女学生变成一位超级巨星。 3.break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情) 突然开始，爆发 (归纳拓展】 break away from脱离，放弃（习惯），打破 (陈套) break down分解；坏了，出故障；身体垮掉 break in突然进入；插嘴 break into破门而入，突然…起来 break off折断，中断；突然停止 break through突破 break up打碎；分解，（学校）放假；结 束：分手 Unit 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS sing Language 【情境助记】 (1)How did the coronavirus (2)The thief the policeman. 小偷从警察那里逃脱了。 (3)Her health under the pressure of work. 工作的压力把她的身体弄垮了。 (4)Scientists say they're beginning to in the fight against cancer. 科学家们说，他们在防治癌症方面开始 有所突破。 4.defend 【归纳拓展】 .保护，保卫；为…辩护 defence n.保护，防护；维护，辩护 in defence of保护；为…辩护 defend.from/against..保卫.…免受. 【情境助记】 (1)They fought their country. 他们为保卫祖国而战。 (2)They were determined to defend them- selves misusage. 他们决心自卫以防遭受虐待。 5.assistant 【归纳拓展】 n.助手；助理 assist.帮助；协助assistance n.帮助；援助 assist sb.with/in sth.帮助某人做某事 assist sb.to do sth.帮助某人做某事 学 高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版） with the assistance of.在.…的帮助下 【情境助记】 (1)We want to assist people in their homes. 我们想帮助人们待在自己家里。 (2)We've rebuilt the theatre the as- sistance of Tom 在汤姆的资助下我们重建了戏院。 6.in charge of主管；负责 【归纳拓展】 in the charge of由…主管/负责 take charge of接管，负责，控制 free of charge免费的 【情境助记】 (1)Your order will be sent 你订的货将免费运送。 (2)He is the investigation. 他负责这项调查。 7.outstanding 【归纳拓展】 a山.突出的，杰出的，优秀的 stand out出色；突出；显而易见 【情境助记】 (1)The question of who is in charge is of importance 谁负责是一个非常重要的问题。 (2)She always in a crowd. 她在人群中总是显得很突出。 8.gifted 【归纳拓展】 a山.有天赋的；有才华的 近义词：talented gift n.天赋；礼物 8 )学 have a talent/gift for有…天赋 【情境助记】 (1)She was an extremely poet. 她是一位极具天赋的诗人。 (2)He music. 他对音乐有天赋。 9.besides 【归纳拓展】 除…之外（还有）（包括在内） in addition to除了…；除了…（还有） apart from除…之外；此外 except for除…之外（不包括在内） except除了…（不包括在内） besides/except/apart from/except for 除…还有，除去的部分包括在内， besides 表示在整体中加上一部分 除…没有，除去的部分不包括在 except 内，表示在整体中减去一部分 有多重含义，既可表示besides,也可 apart from 表示except或except for,其前常加 逗号或置于句首 除去个别，整体还可以（强调“美中 except for 不足”之意) 【情境助记】 (1)She is pretty the fact that her eyes are too big. 若不是她的眼睛太大，她是很漂亮的。 (2)He had other people to take care of me 除了我他还有其他人要照顾。 10.above all最重要的是 【归纳拓展】 after all毕竟；终究 in all总计；总共 all in all总的来说 【情境助记】 Max is hardworking,cheerful and honest. 马克斯工作努力、性格开朗，最重要的是为 人诚实。 Ⅱ.重点句型解读 1.Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen 或许没有人比钱学森对中国的航天科学有 更大的影响。 【句法分析】 “否定词+比较级”相当于最高级的含义 表示最高级意义的其他常见结构有： no other...than... nothing/ho+比较级+than 比较级+than+any+单数名词 比较级+than+any other+-单数名词 比较级+than+all(the)other-+复数名词 比较级+than+the rest of.+复数名词或不可数 名词 No writer is more adventurous than Mark Twain. 没有作家比马克·吐温更有冒险精神。 Tom is more intelligent than any other student/ all the other students in his class. 汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。 2.When asked "Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?",his reply was a deter- mined "Why not?We Chinese are able to make the same things that other peo- ple make..” 当被问道“我们中国人有没有可能制造导 Unit 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 弹？”时，他的回答是坚定的，“为什么 不能呢？别人能制造的东西，我们中国人 同样有能力制造。” 【句法分析】 本句是一个省略句，“When asked.”相当 于“When he was asked..” 状语从句的省略条件： (1)when,while,though,even if,if,unless,as f等引导的状语从句的主语与主句主语 一致或从句主语为it; (2)状语从句谓语中含有be动词。 符合上述两个条件则省略从句的主语或 it和be动词。 If you are)interested in the Chinese folk art,you can email me. 如果你对中国民间艺术感兴趣的话，可 以给我发电子邮件。 3.He was willing to say what others were afraid to say and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. 他乐意去说其他人所不敢说出的话，去梦 想其他人所不敢去梦想的。 【句法分析】 what引导的从句可以作主语、宾语或表语， what本身在从句中作成分，即可作主语、宾 语或表语，意为“所…的（东西）”。 What struck me most in the movie was the fa- ther's deep love for his son. 影片中最打动我的是父亲对儿子深厚的爱。 This is what my father has taught me-to al- ways face difficulties and hope for the best. 这就是父亲所教给我的一永远面对困难并 寄予最大的希望。 学 高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版） Ⅲ.小试牛刀 一、单句语法填空 1.He (frustrate)by his inability to wave down a taxi 2.She transform)into a stone on the mountain top. 3.Those people who took up weapons to defence)themselves are political prisoners. 4.Her (assist)was accused of theft and arrested by the police. 5.She is proud that both her children have a (gifted)for music. 二、按照汉语提示完成句子 1.很多人觉得早上起床很难并且归咎于闹钟。 Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning,and the alarm clock. 2.在仅仅20年里，这个国家就转变成了一 个先进的工业强国。 In only 20 years the country an advanced industrial power. 3.为了帮助学生学好汉语，我们学校决定给 你们中文班捐赠一批图书。 the students Chinese bet- ter,our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class. 4.当老板不在的时候由汤姆负责公司业务。 The company when the boss is away. =Tom is when the boss is away. 5.在我看来，在生活中健康是最重要的。 10)学 In my opinion, than health in life. 三、语篇填空 Waking up at 7 in the morning,25-year- old Fan Yupei cleans up,1. (wa- ter)flowers in the courtyard,and then opens the door of her Jun porcelain(钧瓷)produc- tion studio,ready for a new day's business. Life in her hometown,Shenhou Town,in Yuzhou City,is much 2. (happy) for Fan.She started her own studio with her husband,3. quit his job in Beijing. Jun porcelain is one of the top five Chinese porcelains,4. (date)back to the Song Dynasty.It is famous for 5. (it)change of colors when heated in kilns () In2008,it6. (list)as a state-level intangible culture heritage(非物质文化遗 产) Shenhou Town is home 7. Jun porcelains.Recently,the local government of Yuzhou City has taken a series of measures 8 (promote)such production.Now Fan's husband is in charge of Jun porcelain making while she is responsible for sales.Her recent goal is to own 9. shop where they can sell their own production.With more and more tourists visiting Shenhou every day, Fan has the 10. confident)that Jun porcelain will gain greater popularity in the future. Period 3 本单元的语法项目：名词性从句之表语从句 (Noun Clause-Predicative Clause) 一、什么是表语从句？ 表语从句放在系动词之后，充当复合句 中的表语。表语从句(Predicative Clause) 就是指一个句子作为表语，说明主语是什么 或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词 或形容词的词或短语和系动词一起构成谓 语。 二、表语从句的构成： 主语+系动词+引导词+简单句 例句：My idea is that we should do it at once 我的想法是我们应该马上做。 The problem is how we can find him. 问题是我们如何找到他。 That's why I can't go with you. 那就是我不能同你一起去的原因。 It isn't as if you were going away for ever. 又不是你离开不回来了。 三、引导表语从句的关联词种类： 1.可接表语从句的系动词有be,look, seem,sound,appear等。 例句：At that time,it seemed as if I could- n't think of the right word. 当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的 字眼来。 2.从属连词whether,.as,asif/though引 导的表语从句。 例句：It sounds as if someone is knock- Unit 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS Grammar ing at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。 The question is whether he is honest. 问题是他是否诚实。 3.because,why引导的表语从句。 例句：That's why he got angry with me. 那正是他对我生气的原因。(That's why.强调结果) It is because I love you too much. 那是因为我太爱你了。(It is because. 强调原因) 注意：名词reason作主语时，后面的表 语从句表示原因时要用hat引导，不宜用 because 例句：The reason why he always gets the first prize is that he puts his heart into working hard day and night. 他总是得一等奖的原因就是他夜以继日 地全身心投入到刻苦的学习中。 4.连接代词who,whom,whose,what, which,whoever,whatever,.whichever引导的 表语从句。 连接副词where,when,how,whya 例句：The problem is who we can get to replace her 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 You can be whoever you want to be. 你可以成为你想成为的任何人。 5.从属连词that引导的表语从句。 例句：The trouble is that I have lost his 学 N 高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版） address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 6.使用虚拟语气的表语从句。 在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后 的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原 形”表示，should可省略。常见的词有ad- vice,suggestion,.order,proposal等。 例句：My suggestion is that we(should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。 四、表语从句使用应注意的几个问题： 1.连词hat的省略问题 引导表语从句的that通常不省略，但在 口语或非正式文体中有时也可省略： My idea is (that)we should do it right away. 我的意见是我们应该马上干。 The trouble is (that)he is ill. 糟糕的是他病了。 2.whether和if在引导宾语从句时有时 (12)学 是可以互换的，但引导表语从句时不能用f。 例句：My question is whether he left (or not). 我的问题是他是否离开了。 What the doctor really doubts is whether my mother will recover from the serious dis- ease soon. 令医生怀疑的是我的妈妈是否能很快从 那场严重的疾病中康复过来。 3.当主句的主语为“reason”或者是由 “why”引导的从句时，与它们相关的表语从 句由“hat”来引导，而不能用“because” 引导；“because”引导表语从句只能用于 “Tt/This/That is//was because..”句型中。 例句：The reason why I was late was that I missed the train. 我迟到的原因是我错过了火车。 I was late.It was because I missed the train. 我迟到了。那是因为我错过了火车。 Period 4 写作点拨 如何用英文写劝说信 说服性信函首先要符合信函的格式。其 次，要具备说服性议论文的特点。一般来 说，说服性议论文分四个基本段落：第一段 引出话题；第二、三段提出正、反两方面的 观点，陈述各自理由；第四段总结利弊，表 明态度。在具体写作中要注意下列几点： 1.话题的提出要开门见山，不要拖泥 带水； 2.正、反对比论据要正确，条理要清 楚，语言应准确、精练： 3.作者的观点必须鲜明，不能模棱两可； 4.议论文的主体时态多用一般现在时： 5.尽量避免同一单词、句型的重复使用， 多采用同义词、相似结构以使表达多样化。 【常用句型】 1.I don't think it is a very good way to... For example,..Worst of all,... 2.In my opinion,it is wrong to... 3.As far as I am concerned,we should... 4.The main disadvantages of...are as fol- lows.First...;Second...;Third...;Finally... 5.I would very much like to advise you to... 6.Now that you...,why not...? 7.No matter how...,I do believe... 【常用词汇】 1.besides,in addition,furthermore,more- Unit 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS Writing over,what's more 2.what's worse,worse still,to make things worse 3.but,still,however,on the other hand, on the contrary,in fact 4.for example,in other words,that is to say 5.in a word,in short,in conclusion,in brief 6.in one's opinion/view,as far as....con- cerned,I think/believe 典例赏析 假设你叫李华，你的笔友John在最近 给你的来信中，无意间透露了他在学习中的 困难。请你给他写封劝说信，帮他分析学习 困难的原因，以及解决问题的办法。词数80 左右；可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Hi John, How are you doing? Yours sincerely, Li Hua 学 13 高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版） 【参考范文】 Hi John, How are you doing?I'm sorry to know you're having trouble with your study.I think your difficulty mainly lies in poor learning habits.You may fail to review knowledge in time and lack reasonable plans. Here are my suggestions.First,make a daily study schedule to arrange your tasks well. Second,review lessons regularly after class. Besides,turn to teachers or classmates for help once you meet puzzles. Hope you will make progress soon. Yours, Li Hua 【词句品鉴】 高级词汇distract;socialize;encourage in one's opinion;lead to;be involved 精彩短语in;make progress;fall in love;seek advice;look forward to not only...but also...;too...to...;I'm not 增分句型 saying that... 【名师点评】 这封劝说信层次非常清晰，开头就开门 见山地表达了自己对中学生早恋问题的看 法，理由陈述条理清楚，且论据充分，使用 了“not only..but also.”和“to0.to.”结 构表达自己的观点，有说服力；还使用了 “T'm not saying that.”句型，让被劝说的人 感到对方给自己提建议时，语气委婉，让人 易接受。能够使用高级词汇和短语，一些高 级句型的运用也为文章增色不少。 14)学 写作模板 Hi John, (最近好吗)？I'm sorry to know you're having trouble with your study.I think your difficulty mainly lies in poor learning habits.You may fail to review knowledge (及时)and lack reasonable plans. (我有以下建议). First,make a_ (日常学习 计划）to arrange your tasks well.Second, review lessons regularly after class.Besides, (向老 师和同学寻求帮助)once you meet puzzles. Hope you will make progress soon. Yours, Li Hua 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落 开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短 文，续写词数应为150左右。 At noon on a brilliant Tuesday in March, my 12-year-old son Kai and I are a mile and a half into a four-day,27-mile walk through the Grand Canyon-his first backpacking trip- when he asks::“Are we almost to camp?” Um,no.Camp,at Hermit Creek,is seven miles and nearly 2,500 feet below,which will take us several more hours.We're going down a poorly maintained path off the canyon,across which we can see many of the canyon's layers. This is on display in cliffs hundreds of feet tall,a reminder of how far we have to go. We are here largely because of a birthday note Kai wrote me two years ago in which he declared,"You used to be a wild 10-year-old like me and now you're a wild 53-year-old. We can do so many things together!I am ex- cited for when I'm old enough for the Grand Canyon!" There are,I suppose,dads who could re- sist that,just as there are fathers who would plan an experience-appropriate trip for their sons.I am neither,so here we are.Never mind that;aside from simply being 12,Kai has done almost nothing to physically prepare for this. Or that I haven't backpacked for 13 years. We head on past twisty trees and brush. Soon the view broadens,and the layers grow deeper,down to the shadowy,1.8 billion-year- old Vishnu,a panorama(全景)that leaves Kai excited.“This place is amazing,”he says. Nightfall in the canyon can be magical. Darkness surrounds us,pressed by cool air. We navigate a narrow path to the stream and, hearing the sound of a waterfall,lie down to take in the stars.Twice I suggest we turn in. “Not yet,”Kai says.“This is too unbeliev- Unit 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS able." Paragraph 1: The last day's plan is to travel the three miles to the Colorado River,which is the most challenging. Paragraph 2: After the backpacking trip,I also write a note to my son. 学(15