湖南娄底市涟源市部分学校2026-2027学年高二上学期开学英语试题

**基本信息** 以科技前沿（如电子皮肤）、社会热点（气候变化）和文化传承（京剧）为情境，融合语言能力与思维品质培养，适配高二入学评估需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|4篇/37.5分|细节理解、推理判断等|A篇公民科学引导科学参与，D篇电子皮肤科技情境考查创新思维| |七选五|5题/12.5分|语篇逻辑衔接|围绕“处理被讨厌的恐惧”，培养辩证思维与情感管理| |完形填空|15空/15分|词汇语境运用|家庭烹饪温情故事，渗透文化意识与情感价值| |语法填空|10空/15分|非谓语、定语从句等|京剧文化素材，考查语法同时强化文化传承| |书面表达|1篇/20分|应用写作|推荐科普与文学图书，提升学习能力与表达逻辑|

湖南省涟源市部分学校2026年下学期高二入学考试英语试题 答案及评分标准 一 阅读理解（每题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分） 1-3 BBC 4-7 BCDD 8-11 BBAC 12-15 AABC 二 七选五（每题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分） 16. D 17.A 18.F 19.G 20.E 三 完形填空（每空 1 分，满分 15 分） 21-25 BDACC 26-30 DBABC 31-35 CBADD 四 语法填空（每空 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 36. to join 37. an 38. features 39. perfectly 40. based 41. and 42. audiences 43. who 44. with 45. allowing 五 书面表达(满分 20 分) Dear Mr Wang, Knowing that our library is going to purchase books, I'd like to give you some recommendations. What we need most are popular science books. Usually popular science books explain basic principles of nature in a simple and interesting way. They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity about scientific discoveries. In addition to reading for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration. That is why I recommend another category of books:literary books. Classic works, written by masters, present great thoughts through fascinating stories and language. They not only offer us joy and excitement, but also encourage us to think critically. I’ll be glad if you can consider my recommendation. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 湖南省涟源市部分学校2026年下学期高二入学考试 英语试题 时量：60 分钟 满分：100 分 一、阅读理解（共 4 篇，15 小题，每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分） A SCIENCE NEEDS YOU! Citizen science is a new movement which involves members of the public, either singly or in groups, working towards a common goal. Very often, citizen scientists collect, report or analyse data. What makes a citizen scientist? Anyone who contributes their time, effort and whatever resources they have to a scientific research project is a citizen scientist. They come from all walks of life — housewives, retirees, students, sports people, children. There’s no need for a formal or strong scientific background, just passion. How to get involved? If you have a particular hobby, interest or expertise there’s almost certainly a project you can join. Search online for citizen science projects and pick out the ones you like. It could be observing insects, migratory birds, even plate movements; all you have to do is to record and hand in observations. You can use your laptop or even your smartphone to do this — easy! Here is an opportunity from NASA: Space Cloud Watch What you’ll do ◆Watch the sky at sunrise and sunset for noctilucent clouds (夜光云) and shoot them. ◆Upload your photos and observations to a website to contribute to research on Earth’s middle atmosphere. ◆Take notes when noctilucent clouds are absent, so you can report that too! Requirements ◆Time: 10-20 minutes ◆Equipment: Camera, smartphone or GPS receiver ◆Knowledge: No prior knowledge necessary 1. Who can be a citizen scientist? A. A well-educated person. B. A person with scientific passion. C. A person with a scientific background. D. A person with a professional career. 2. What does the Space Cloud Watch require participants to do? A. Observe insects at sunrise. B. Take pictures of clouds. C. Record cloud movements. D. Report data every week. 3. Who is the text most probably intended for? A. Professional scientists. B. Government officials. C. General public. D. Science students. B Being the strong wife and mother that she is, Diana Register often hid her deep pain and suffering from those around her. In the weeks and months following her husband’s cancer diagnosis, Diana would search for “hiding” places where she could let the uncontrollable waterfalls of tears flow from her eyes. “The storage room was a favorite. Then was the shower. But when I wasn’t home, it was the parking lots that served as my hiding places,” she said. After her husband passed away, parking lots were Diana’s safe haven (避风港) for pain and sorrow. One day, as she was about to place her order in the Dutch Brothers coffee drive-thru (汽车餐厅), the wave of sadness hit her like a tidal wave in the middle of her conversation with a friend. “I could hardly catch my breath and the ugly crying started,” said Diana. “The problem was, I was stuck in the coffee line at Dutch Brothers, one place where all the workers are young, happy and jamming out to music. And there was no way out. I was literally blocked in, so unless I wanted to back right up into the SUV behind me, I was about to be seen for the mess I really was.” The barista (咖啡师), who was making and serving coffee at the window, handed Diana an iced coffee with a sweet and simple note on the top. “When I looked down in the cup holder, I saw it. A pink straw, and the words ‘We love you’ written around it.” The girl didn’t know Diana’s pain or her story, but she knew she was hurting and couldn’t fix it. “She wanted me to know I wasn’t alone and that whatever trial I was going through, there were people out there who cared about me.” 4. What would Diana do when she wanted to cry? A. Go out for a ride. B. Cry her eyes out totally alone. C. Have a conversation with her friend. D. Play hide-and-seek in the storage room. 5. What do the underlined words “the mess” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. Causing a car crash. B. Getting stuck in a long line. C. Having an emotional breakdown. D. Having a quarrel with a worker. 6. Which of the following best describes the barista? A. Generous and humorous. B. Intelligent and open-minded. C. Caring and determined. D. Observant and warm-hearted. 7. What can be learnt from Diana’s story? A. Don’t judge a book by its cover. B. A friend in need is a friend indeed. C. God helps those who help themselves. D. Small acts of kindness make a difference. C Climate change is a huge threat to polar bears, but scientists now believe that some of the animals are evolving to survive in a world with higher temperatures and less sea ice. Adapting to these conditions is rewriting the bears’ DNA. Most polar bears live on sea ice in the Arctic region, including parts of Greenland. They rely on the ice as a base to hunt animals like seals, which make up most of their high-fat diet. But as global temperatures rise, sea ice is melting. If this continues, experts predict that more than 60% of the polar bear population could disappear by 2050. Scientists compared polar bears in northern Greenland to an isolated (隔离的) group living in southern Greenland, where temperatures are warmer and there is less sea ice. Both groups of bears were once part of the same population, but some moved south about 200 years ago. To understand how the southern population is surviving, a team of researchers analyzed DNA samples from 17 bears. All animals have pieces of DNA called “jumping genes” that can move from one location to another. When they move, they can change how other genes behave. The study found that jumping genes were more active in the southern bears compared to the northern ones. This increased activity seemed to be linked to higher temperatures. The genes caused changes in how the bears’ bodies cope with heat and how they age. They also affected how the body processes fat, which becomes important when food is hard to get. According to the study, the southern bears have been eating more plants instead of fatty seals. Lead researcher Alice Godden called the study’s results “hopeful” because they show that polar bears are rewriting their DNA to adapt to climate change. However, she said, this is a “desperate survival mechanism against melting sea ice” and Godden pointed out that there are limits to how much the animals can adapt. “We still need to be doing everything we can to slow temperature increases,” she told The Guardian. 8. What causes most of the polar bears to disappear by 2050? A. The high-fat diet. B. The melting of sea ice. C. The extinction of seals. D. The pollution of the sea. 9. What aspect of the study does Paragraph 3 mainly focus on? A. Its key findings. B. Its research design. C. Its practical significance. D. Its potential limitations. 10. How have jumping genes helped southern polar bears? A. By changing body and diet. B. By improving hunting skills. C. By sharpening sense of sight. D. By increasing physical exercise. 11. What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the text? A. Polar bears’ climate change adaptation is limitless. B. Study provides a solution to polar bears’ survival. C. Human efforts to slow global warming still matter. D. Polar bears have already adapted to climate change. D The new stretchy (有弹性的) electronic skin, developed by researchers at The University of Texas at Austin, solves a major bottleneck in the emerging technology. Existing e-skin technology loses sensing accuracy (传感精度) as the material stretches (拉伸), but that is not the case with this new version. E-skin technology senses pressure from contact, letting the attached machine know how much force to use to, for example, grab a cup or touch a person. But, when traditional e-skin is stretched, it also senses that deformation. That reading creates additional noise that skews (使有误差) the sensors’ ability to sense the pressure. That could lead to a robot using too much force to grab something. “As human skin has to stretch and bend to accommodate our movements, so too does e-skin,” said Nanshu Lu, a professor in the Cockrell School of Engineering who led the project. “No matter how much our e-skin stretches, the pressure response doesn’t change, and that is a significant achievement.” Lu envisages the stretchy e-skin as a key component to a robot hand capable of the same level of softness and sensitivity (灵敏度) in touch as a human hand. This could be applied to medical care, where robots could check a patient’s pulse, wipe a body or massage a body part. Why is a robot nurse or physical therapist necessary? Around the world, millions of people are aging and are in need of care, more than the global medical system can provide. “In the future, if we have more elderly people than available caregivers, it’s going to be a crisis worldwide,” Lu said. “We need to find new ways to take care of people efficiently and also gently, and robots are an important piece of that puzzle.” Beyond medicine, human-caring robots could be deployed in disasters. They could search for injured and trapped people in an earthquake or a collapsed building, for example, and apply on-the-spot care, such as administering CPR (心肺复苏术). 12. What’s the problem of the traditional e-skin? A. Poor control of force. B. Low levels of softness. C. Misjudgments of distance. D. Loud noise of the machine. 13. What does the underlined word “envisages” in the third paragraph mean? A. Imagines. B. Monitors. C. Improves. D. Tests. 14. What makes Lu think robot caregivers necessary? A. The high turnover of medical staff. B. The ageing of the population. C. Their high quality of care. D. Their low operating costs. 15. Which can be the best title for the text? A. Human skin has higher touch sensitivity than e-skin. B. Robots need e-skin with higher touch sensitivity. C. Stretchy e-skin gives robots human-level touch sensitivity. D. Stretchy e-skin improves the efficiency of medical systems. 二、七选五（共 5 小题，每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分） Being disliked is an unavoidable part of life. And as sociable creatures, we tend to seek acceptance. So finding out someone doesn’t like you can make you feel deeply unsettled. ____16____ Admit and confirm your own feelings. It’s important to accept your feelings. “Realizing that fearing being disliked is normal — it’s just your natural response to the possibility of being left out — can help you feel less ashamed of it,” says Tina. ____17____ Often, the fear of being disliked comes from our own insecurities, like thinking we’re not good enough. Talking to a therapist can help you understand where these feelings come from and let them go. It also helps to challenge “all-or-nothing” thinking. Ask yourself: What’s the worst that could happen if someone doesn’t like me? Chances are, the fear is much bigger than the reality. “Remember, others’ opinions are shaped by their own experiences and problems. It’s not always about you,” adds Tina. Build your network. “It also helps to take good care of yourself and find people who truly understand, accept, and love you,” says Ali. ____18____ Put yourself in others’ shoes. Have you ever disliked someone just for small, unimportant reasons? If you have, you’ll find such dislike has nothing to do with their real value. ____19____ Focus on your own values. Stick to your own values instead of others’ approval. When you stand by what you believe is right, you may be disliked by some people, but this just means you are being true to yourself. Ultimately, overcoming the fear of being disliked starts with liking yourself. ____20____ With practice, you can embrace the freedom of being your real self. A. Reshape your thinking. B. Face your fear calmly. C. The more people like you, the happier you will be in life. D. Here are some tips on how to handle the fear of being disliked. E. When you learn to value who you are, others’ opinions will no longer control your feelings. F. Instead of worrying about being disliked, focus on building healthy relationships with others. G. Similarly, if someone dislikes you, it’s often for small reasons — not because of who you are. 三、完形填空（共 15 空，每空 1 分，满分 15 分） When I was a little boy, after playing outside for a few hours, I would come back inside the house and have a deep smell. It was my Italian grandma 21 our Sunday dinner. There would be loaves of freshly baked Italian bread with butter. There would be lots of pasta covered in red sauce which was 22 cooked for hours. Slowly cooked with the sauce sometimes would be meatballs, sometimes potatoes, and sometimes chicken. I remember we would all 23 around the old dining table. Then we would eat with smiles, 24 and joy. I always felt so 25 there with full bellies and happy hearts. As I got older and became a(n) 26 myself, I tried to make smaller versions (版本) of grandma’s 27 dinner. I got the sauce recipe from Dad. Often I would get very close to making a dinner like hers but it was never quite 28 . There finally came a point when I 29 what I was doing wrong. The taste that I really wanted to get was to regain a 30 . It was not only the delicious food that made those 31 so wonderful, but it was also the feeling of love that was there. Grandma always put her 32 into her cooking and into her life. Since then I have tried my best to do the same. No matter what I am cooking or what I am doing, I always 33 to season (调味) it with love. I believe never a day can be 34 love if we make it, and every day can be a 35 of joy if we share it. 21. A. going through B. preparing for C. learning about D. resulting in 22. A. individually B. extremely C. rudely D. slowly 23. A. gather B. click C. battle D. conquer 24. A. annoyance B. curiosity C. laughter D. confusion 25. A. anxious B. sorry C. satisfied D. familiar 26. A. volunteer B. reporter C. editor D. adult 27. A. Saturday B. Sunday C. Friday D. Monday 28. A. right B. difficult C. long D. cheap 29. A. followed B. realized C. explained D. wondered 30. A. hug B. pity C. feeling D. scent 31. A. tours B. restaurants C. dinners D. dreams 32. A. story B. love C. memory D. opinion 33. A. try B. forget C. fail D. remove 34. A. with the help of B. at the end of C. in charge of D. in short of 35. A. mistake B. risk C. wait D. feast 四、语法填空（共 10 空，每空 1.5 分，满分 15 分） Peking Opera began to take shape in the late 1700s and early 1800s when opera troupes from Anhui Province in east China arrived in Beijing. They managed 36 (join) their music, stories and performance techniques and what had already existed in the capital together. This combination (结合) also created 37 all-round stage system that is still popular in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and other cities. Peking Opera 38 (feature) four primary performance skills: singing, reciting, stylized movement and martial arts (唱念做打). Performers begin their training at a young age, learning to use their voices, control their breath, hold postures, and do martial movements 39 (perfect). Actors train in role types known as hangdang, which are broad types 40 (base) on age, personality and social position. The main groups include “sheng” for male roles, “dan” for female roles, “jing” for painted-face roles, 41 “chou” for clown roles (丑角). The art reached global 42 (audience) in the early 20th century through the work of Mei Lanfang, 43 was one of China’s most famous performers and specialized in playing female roles. Now, Peking Opera performances are staged across the world through cultural events. Young artists perform at universities, museums and cultural institutions across the US and Europe. This helps foreigners understand the art, even if they are unfamiliar 44 the language. It truly builds a bridge between China and other countries, 45 (allow) more people to fall in love with this traditional art. 五、书面表达（满分 20 分） 学校图书馆需要购置一批新书，现向同学征求意见。假如你是李华，你认为学校给图书馆最需要购置科普类图书（popular science books)和文学类图书（literary books).请你用英语给学校图书馆王老师写一封80词左右的信，推荐这两类书，并分别说明推荐理由。 Dear Mr Wang, Yours, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $