2026-2027学年鲁教版（五四学制）英语八年级上册教材讲述中国故事（英汉互译+重点短语汇总）

202609鲁教版八上英语教材 讲述中国故事（英汉互译+重点短语汇总） Unit 1 The Art and History of Chinese Characters Chinese characters are one of the oldest writing systems in the world with a history of over 4,000 years. Some Chinese characters come from pictographs. A pictograph is a pictorial symbol for a word or phrase. For example, in the Chinese character “旦 (dan)”, the upper part refers to the sun, while the lower part stands for the sea level (or the horizon). The character, meaning “daybreak” or “beginning”, uses the two parts to make a picture of the sun rising above the sea. Another common category of Chinese characters is the system of compound characters. Two or more characters are combined in one character to create a compound character with a new meaning. Some of these are easy to understand. For example, a tree is 木, a group of trees is 林, and a forest is 森. The art of Chinese calligraphy came into being with the writing of Chinese characters. Chinese calligraphy is usually done with an ink brush that is usually made of goat hair. Chinese calligraphy is a unique Chinese visual art of lines and dots. Over thousands of years, the style of Chinese calligraphy has continually evolved. In general, there are five major styles: seal script (Zhuanshu), clerical script (Lishu), regular script (Kaishu), cursive script (Caoshu), and semi‑cursive script (Xingshu). There are many famous calligraphers throughout Chinese history, like Wang Xizhi (303‑361), Yan Zhenqing (709‑785), Su Shi (1037‑1101), and Zhang Xu (8th century). 汉字的艺术与历史 汉字是世界上最古老的文字体系之一，拥有四千多年的历史。部分汉字源自象形文字。象形文字是用来表示单词或短语的图画符号。例如，汉字“旦（dàn）”，上半部分代表太阳，下半部分代表海平面（即地平线）。这个字含义是“黎明、开端”，用两部分构成一幅太阳跃出海平面的画面。汉字另外一大常见类别是会意字。两个或多个汉字组合成一个新字，产生新的含义。其中一些很好理解。举例：一棵树为“木”，多棵树为“林”，大片树林为“森”。 中国书法艺术伴随着汉字书写而诞生。中国书法通常使用羊毫毛笔来创作。中国书法是一门独特的、由线条与点画构成的中国视觉艺术。数千年来，中国书法的字体不断演变。总体分为五大书体：篆书、隶书、楷书、草书以及行书。中国历史上涌现出许多著名书法家，例如王羲之（303‑361）、颜真卿（709‑785）、苏轼（1037‑1101）和张旭（公元8世纪）。 重点短语 1. writing systems 文字体系 2. over 4,000 years 四千多年 3. come from 来自；源自 4. pictograph n. 象形文字 5. a pictorial symbol 图画符号 6. refer to 代表；指的是 7. stand for 代表；象征 8. daybreak n. 黎明，破晓 9. compound characters 会意字 10. be combined in 组合在……之中 11. come into being 形成；诞生 12. ink brush 毛笔 13. goat hair 山羊毛 14. visual art 视觉艺术 15. over thousands of years 数千年来 16. continually evolved 不断演变 17. in general 总的来说；大体上 18. five major styles 五大书体 19. throughout Chinese history 纵观中国历史 20. famous calligraphers 著名书法家 Unit 2 Exercising for Health No matter how busy their life is, a lot of people still make time to exercise to improve their health. People can choose to do many different kinds of exercise. Some prefer outdoor activities like cycling, jogging, climbing, square dancing, playing tennis, and playing badminton. Others love to work out in a gym, such as yoga and swimming, to relax after a busy and tiring day. After doing exercise, people feel happy, relaxed, and full of energy. Two popular outdoor activities are Taijiquan and square dancing. As a traditional sport in China, Taijiquan is loved by both the old and young. In the early mornings, while jogging in a beautiful park, you may find people doing Taijiquan along to music. Square dancing is also popular in China. In the evenings, while walking in the town square, you might see people doing square dancing. You might want to dance together with them too! 为健康而运动 无论生活多么忙碌，很多人仍然会抽出时间锻炼身体，增进健康。人们可以选择各式各样的运动。有些人偏爱户外活动，例如骑行、慢跑、登山、跳广场舞、打网球和打羽毛球。另一些人喜欢去健身房锻炼，比如练瑜伽、游泳，在忙碌疲惫的一天过后放松身心。运动过后，人们会感到心情愉悦、身心放松，精力充沛。 两项受欢迎的户外活动是太极拳和广场舞。太极拳是中国一项传统运动，深受老年人和年轻人的喜爱。清晨，当你在景色优美的公园里慢跑时，或许会看见人们伴着音乐打太极拳。广场舞在中国也十分流行。傍晚，当你在城镇广场散步时，可能会看到人们跳广场舞。或许你也会想和他们一起跳！ 重点短语 1. no matter how 无论多么 2. make time to do sth 腾出时间做某事 3. improve one’s health 增进健康 4. different kinds of 各种各样的 5. outdoor activities 户外活动 6. work out in a gym 在健身房锻炼 7. a busy and tiring day 忙碌疲惫的一天 8. full of energy 精力充沛 9. traditional sport 传统运动 10. both the old and young 老年人和年轻人 11. in the early mornings 在清晨 12. along to music 伴着音乐 13. town square 城镇广场 14. dance together with sb 和某人一起跳舞 Unit 3 Helping Crops Thrive: A Lesson from Mencius Mencius, a wise Chinese man from ancient times, once shared a story with a valuable lesson. Once upon a time, there lived a farmer who grew some crops. He often felt that his neighbour’s crops grew faster than his. Every day, he would visit his field, hoping that his crops would grow taller than his neighbour’s. Many days passed, but the farmer’s crops did not grow any faster. He walked around the field unhappily and thought, “I must find a way to help them grow faster.” One day he had an idea. He began pulling up the plants to make them look as tall as his neighbour’s. When evening arrived, he returned home, tired but happy. He told his son, “Today, I worked hard, and helped our crops grow a little faster!” His son was puzzled by his father’s words. When he rushed to the field the next day, he found nothing but dead crops. The story tells us that we must follow the laws of nature. 助苗生长：来自孟子的启示 孟子，中国古代一位智者，曾经讲过一个蕴含宝贵道理的故事。 从前，有一位农夫种了庄稼。他总觉得邻居家的庄稼长得比自家的快。他每天都去田里，盼着自己的庄稼能长得比邻居家更高。 许多天过去了，农夫的庄稼还是没有长得更快。他闷闷不乐地在田边踱步，心想：“我一定要想个办法让庄稼长得快一点。”有一天他想到一个主意。他开始把禾苗往上拔，让它们看上去和邻居家的一样高。夜幕降临，他回到家中，疲惫却满心欢喜。他对儿子说：“今天我辛苦了一番，帮咱们的庄稼长得快了一些！” 儿子对父亲的话感到十分疑惑。第二天，他急忙跑到田里，看到的却是全部枯死的庄稼。 这个故事告诉我们，必须遵循自然规律。 重点短语 1. help crops thrive 助力庄稼生长 2. from ancient times 自古以来；古代 3. a valuable lesson 宝贵的道理/启示 4. once upon a time 从前 5. grow some crops 种植庄稼 6. walk around the field 在田边踱步 7. find a way to do sth 想出办法做某事 8. pull up the plants 把禾苗往上拔 9. as tall as 和……一样高 10. be puzzled by 对……感到疑惑 11. rush to the field 急忙跑到田里 12. nothing but 只有；只不过 13. follow the laws of nature 遵循自然规律 Unit 4 Mount Lushan: A Mysterious Fairyland Mount Lushan is located in the south of Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, near Poyang Lake. 171 peaks are found there. Hanyang Peak, the highest peak of this mountain, is 1,474 metres high. The Mount Lushan Scenic Area occupies 302 square kilometres, and it has been well known since ancient times for its great beauty. The main attractions of the mountain include Wulao Peak, Xianren Cave, Lulin Lake, Hanpo Valley, Bailudong Academy, and many more. The flow of the water and many other processes have made the many landscapes of the mountain. There is a rich collection of landforms, such as rivers, lakes, and peaks. Mount Lushan is also famous for its mist. The mountain is covered in mist for nearly 200 days in a year, its average temperature is five or six degrees lower than that in the city. It has been a famous summer resort since ancient times. With its magnificent scenery and numerous historical sites, Mount Lushan is regarded as one of China’s most famous mountains, and it was even included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1996. 庐山：一处神秘的人间仙境 庐山坐落于江西省九江市南部，毗邻鄱阳湖。这里共有171座山峰。汉阳峰是庐山最高峰，海拔1474米。庐山景区占地302平方千米，自古就因绝美的风光闻名遐迩。 庐山主要景点包括五老峰、仙人洞、庐林湖、含鄱口、白鹿洞书院等等。水流冲刷以及诸多地质作用造就了庐山多样的地貌景观。这里汇集丰富多样的地形，有江河、湖泊、山峰等。 庐山也以云雾闻名。一年之中这座山差不多有200天云雾缭绕，平均气温比市区低五六度。自古以来它就是知名避暑胜地。 凭借壮丽的风光与众多历史古迹，庐山被视作中国名山之一，并且在1996年被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。 重点短语 1. be located in 坐落于；位于 2. in the south of ……的南部 3. the highest peak 最高峰 4. square kilometres 平方千米 5. since ancient times 自古以来 6. be well known for 因……而出名 7. main attractions 主要景点 8. a rich collection of 丰富多样的；大量汇集 9. be famous for 因……著名 10. be covered in mist 被云雾笼罩 11. summer resort 避暑胜地 12. magnificent scenery 壮丽的景色 13. historical sites 历史古迹 14. be regarded as 被看作；被认为是 15. be included in 被列入 16. World Heritage List 世界遗产名录 Unit 5 An Unforgettable Lecture A big earthquake hit Wenchuan, Sichuan Province on 12th May 2008. 15 years later, on the same date, our school had the honour of inviting doctors who once took part in the relief work to give a special lecture. We watched a video first. Through the video, we knew about what the doctors did. They helped the wounded people immediately after the earthquake without thinking of their own safety. After the video, one of the doctors showed us how to use a bandage and how to stop bleeding. The lecture was helpful because we learnt how to help people when they are injured. After that, another doctor shared his experience working in Wenchuan. We were deeply moved by what he did. And we clapped to show our respect to him. 15 years have passed since the Wenchuan earthquake, yet the memories remain vivid. Life is fragile when we are faced with the forces of nature. But in China, no one stands alone, and assistance comes from all directions. May the dead rest in peace, and may the living cherish their lives and continue to lend a helping hand to one another. 一堂难忘的讲座 2008年5月12日，四川省汶川发生特大地震。十五年之后，在同一个日子，我校有幸邀请到曾经参与救灾工作的医生，开展一场特别讲座。 我们首先观看了一段视频。通过视频，我们了解到医生们的所作所为。地震发生后，他们不顾自身安危，立刻救助受伤群众。 视频播放结束后，其中一位医生向我们演示如何使用绷带以及如何止血。这场讲座很有意义，我们学会了当有人受伤时该如何施以援手。 在那之后，另一位医生分享了他在汶川工作的经历。我们被他的事迹深深打动，大家鼓掌向他表达敬意。 汶川地震已经过去十五年，但记忆依旧历历在目。面对大自然的力量，生命是脆弱的。但在中国，没有谁孤军奋战，八方支援汇聚而来。愿逝者安息，愿生者珍惜生命，继续互相帮助。 重点短语 1. a big earthquake hit… ……发生大地震 2. have the honour of doing sth 有幸做某事 3. take part in 参加 4. relief work 救灾工作 5. give a special lecture 开展一场特别讲座 6. the wounded people 受伤的人们 7. without thinking of 不去考虑；不顾 8. one’s own safety 自身安全 9. stop bleeding 止血 10. share one’s experience 分享某人的经历 11. be deeply moved by 被……深深感动 12. show one’s respect to sb 向某人表达敬意 13. remain vivid 历历在目；依旧清晰 14. be faced with 面对 15. forces of nature 大自然的力量 16. stand alone 孤军奋战 17. come from all directions 来自四面八方 18. rest in peace 安息 19. lend a helping hand 伸出援手 20. one another 互相 Unit 6 What Makes a True Gentleman A cultured man will respect others and will not go beyond what is right. If he is respectful and observes the rules of propriety, then all men within the four seas will be fraternal to him. Why need he worry about having no brothers? —The Analects of Confucius (Translated by Xu Yuanchong) A true gentleman is not someone who pretends to be noble or lonely. Rather, he excels in communication. A gentleman should be polite, respectful, and cautious with manners. Good manners can help a gentleman to be loved by other people. If everyone could behave with good manners, people all over the world could become brothers and sisters. Then the world would live in peace and harmony. During the Spring and Autumn Period, people in different states had different traditions and cultures. But they were all a part of the same Chinese civilisation and they shared many behaviours and ideas about good manners. Confucius, a gentleman born in the Spring and Autumn Period, began to visit other states at the age of 55. He always regarded the people he met along the way as his brothers. He talked to the local people in a polite way and cared about their lives. The locals were willing to talk about pressing and important matters with him. Even people with different political views respected Confucius due to his good manners and noble ideals. Confucius was taken to be a model nobleman. 何为真正的君子 君子敬而无失，与人恭而有礼，四海之内，皆兄弟也。君子何患乎无兄弟也？ ——《论语》 （许渊冲 译） 真正的君子，并非故作高尚或是孤高自许。相反，他善于与人沟通。君子应当待人有礼、心怀恭敬、谨守礼节。良好的修养可以让君子受人爱戴。倘若人人举止得体，全世界的人们都能亲如兄弟姐妹，世界便会安宁和睦。 春秋时期，各个诸侯国的人们有着不同的传统与文化。但他们同属于中华文明，在礼仪修养方面有着许多共通的行为与理念。 孔子是春秋时期的一位君子，55岁时开始周游列国。他始终把沿途遇到的人视作自己的兄弟。他礼貌地和当地百姓交谈，关心他们的生活。当地人愿意和他谈论紧迫重大的事务。即便政见不同的人，也因他良好的修养与崇高的理想而敬重他。孔子被视作君子的典范。 重点短语 1. go beyond what is right 逾越道义；做不合道义的事 2. observe the rules of propriety 恪守礼仪规范 3. within the four seas 四海之内 4. pretend to be noble 故作高尚 5. excel in communication 擅长沟通 6. be cautious with manners 谨守礼节 7. all over the world 全世界 8. live in peace and harmony 和睦共处 9. the Spring and Autumn Period 春秋时期 10. Chinese civilisation 中华文明 11. at the age of 55 在55岁时 12. regard…as… 把……看作…… 13. along the way 一路上 14. in a polite way 以礼貌的方式 15. care about 关心 16. pressing and important matters 紧迫重大的事务 17. political views 政见 18. due to 由于 19. noble ideals 崇高的理想 20. a model nobleman 君子典范 Unit 7 The Origin of Red Envelopes During the Chinese Spring Festival In ancient times, there was a demon known as Sui. On Chinese New Year’s Eve, Sui would appear and touch the heads of sleeping children. Unfortunately, this touch would make children cry. To protect their little ones, parents would stay awake throughout the night and hope to drive Sui away. This custom is called shousui. Once, there was a couple who loved their son very much. On the Eve, they were worried that Sui might harm their child. To prevent this from happening, they decided to give their son some toys to keep him awake and out of Sui’s reach. The child’s parents let him play with a few coins. He placed them inside a red paper envelope. Then he opened and closed the red envelope again and again while playing. Finally, he fell asleep with the envelope of coins near his pillow. At midnight, when Sui came, the coins began to glitter. Frightened by the shining coins, Sui ran away in a hurry. The couple was surprised to discover that the coins inside the red envelope had frightened Sui away! After this, people started a custom of placing coins inside red envelopes and giving them to children as “lucky money” on the Eve of Chinese New Year. This practice, known as yasuiqian, prevented Sui from returning. To this day, we still keep this tradition. 中国春节红包的由来 古时候，有一个叫“祟”的妖怪。除夕夜里，祟会现身，去摸熟睡孩子的脑袋。不幸的是，被摸过的孩子就会哭闹。为保护自家孩子，父母会整夜不睡，希望把祟驱走。这个习俗叫作守岁。 从前，有一对夫妻十分疼爱自己的儿子。除夕夜，他们担心祟会伤害孩子。为避免这件事发生，他们决定给儿子一些玩具，让他保持清醒，远离祟的伤害。 孩子的父母拿了几枚铜钱给他玩耍。孩子把铜钱装进一个红色纸信封里。玩耍时，他一遍又一遍地开合这个红信封。最后，他揣着装铜钱的红包，枕在枕边睡着了。 半夜，祟来了，铜钱闪闪发光。祟被闪亮的铜钱吓到，慌忙逃走。这对夫妻很惊喜，发现红包里的铜钱把祟吓跑了！ 从此以后，人们形成了习俗：除夕夜里把铜钱放进红包，当作“压岁钱”送给孩子。这种习俗叫作压岁钱，可以阻止祟再来害人。直到今天，我们依然保留着这项传统。 重点短语 1. in ancient times 在古代 2. be known as 被称作；作为……而出名 3. Chinese New Year’s Eve 除夕 4. stay awake 保持清醒 5. throughout the night 整夜 6. drive…away 把……驱赶走 7. prevent … from doing 阻止……做某事 8. out of one’s reach 够不到；远离 9. a few coins 几枚铜钱 10. again and again 一遍又一遍 11. fall asleep 入睡 12. at midnight 在午夜 13. run away in a hurry 慌忙逃跑 14. be surprised to discover 惊讶地发现 15. start a custom 形成一种习俗 16. lucky money 压岁钱 17. to this day 直到今天 18. keep this tradition 保留这项传统 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $