上海复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年高二上学期月考二英语试题

**基本信息** 复旦附中高二上月考英语试卷通过真实情境与多元题型融合，全面检测语言能力与跨文化思维，涵盖科技（如智能汽车）、社会（如利他行为研究）等时代话题，适配核心素养培养。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |听力理解|25分|日常交际、科技（智能汽车）、社会现象（体育与广告）|短对话与篇章梯度设计，情境真实贴近生活| |语法词汇|20分|动词短语（wear out）、从句、词汇辨析（resilient）|语境化考查，结合社会经济（现代经济依赖人际连接）素材| |阅读理解|45分|社会科学（利他主义生物学基础）、生活应用（购物退款政策）、跨文化（挪威小镇旅行）|跨领域素材融合，设题注重推理与批判性思维| |写作翻译|50分|概要写作（善意行为研究）、应用文写作、汉译英（善举影响）|综合检测信息整合与思维表达能力，呼应核心素养|

复旦附中高二上英语月考二 答案 第一卷： 1-10 BCBAD ABBBB 11-20 BCD DCC AB CB 21-30 BCDAC BBABA 31-40 DHBFA IKJGE 41-55 CAABD CBDBC BAADA A篇56-59 BACD B篇60-62 DAC C篇63-66 BCAB 六选四67-70： EDBF 第二卷： 71. whom 72. where 73. or 74. with 75. but 76. itself 77. less likely 78. reaching 79. has shown 80. that 概要： Erin was deeply touched by a barista’s warm note when feeling upset. New research confirms random kindness improves people’s wellbeing. However, people often underestimate others’ sincere appreciation for kind gestures. Stress and overthinking discourage us from doing nice things. Researchers hope people will perform more random acts of kindness based on these meaningful findings. 翻译： 82.When it comes to helping people get through difficult times, he volunteered to donate all his savings without hesitation. 83.After receiving an estimated 2,000 masterpieces donated by Duke University, the children’s gratitude was beyond words. 84.The group of volunteers didn’t expect that their small gesture would arouse heated discussion online and become a huge sensation in the small town. 85.Standing in the queue with a large pile of books for the ninth time, he was no longer annoyed and admired an ivy leaf standing out against the wall. 作文范文： As is graphically illustrated in the image, two doors provide access to free resources: one opens to free books, the other to free WiFi. A massive throng of people jostles and surges toward the WiFi entrance, whereas the gateway leading to books remains utterly deserted, with not a single soul stepping inside. This striking contrast lays bare a prevalent social phenomenon of modern times. The Internet furnishes users with instant, kaleidoscopic stimuli that cater perfectly to people’s fragmented leisure hours, granting fleeting amusement with minimal mental effort. By contrast, bookreading calls for sustained concentration and deliberate reflection, a discipline many find daunting amid today’s fastpaced, stressridden lifestyle. Nevertheless, the inestimable value of physical reading should never be underrated. While online content delivers momentary thrills, books preserve the distilled wisdom accumulated over centuries. They soothe inner restlessness, refine our minds and nourish our spiritual world, a reward superficial online browsing can never yield. Hence, a sensible balance is desirable. We may embrace digital convenience, yet we should carve out consistent time for reading. Only by doing so can we attain genuine spiritual fulfillment rather than indulging in shortlived satisfaction. 听力文本 Tape script Section A 1. M: Excuse me, do you know when the train will arrive? It is already 6:15. W: I am sorry. It is behind schedule. I am afraid you have to wait for another hour. Q: When will the train probably arrive? 2. M: I think we should go over this letter together one more time. W: Another time? I can recite it already. Q: What does the man want to do with the letter? 3. W: Did you watch the Super Bowl yesterday? M: I wouldn’t miss it for anything. Q: What does the man mean? 4. W: Mr. White, here is the text book you asked us to buy, right? M: I am afraid you have wasted your money. This is not the latest edition. Q: What did the girl do? 5. W: I often mistake Peterson for Jack. How can you tell them apart? M: They are so alike that even their mother sometimes felt confused when they were young. Q: What is the possible relationship between Peterson and Jack? 6. W: What a shame about your accident! What a way to end your holiday! M: Yes. It was bad luck. I should have been more careful. Q: What are they talking about? 7. M: Have you got everything needed? W: I am still looking for some flour. It is required in the recipe. Q: Where are the couple? 8. W: I’ve been having a pain in my stomach. It has been so bad that I have been off work for two weeks. M: I see. Let me check it first. Q: What is the man? 9. W: Oh dear, none of my clothes fit me well now. M: Take it easy. Nothing is better than expecting a new family member. Q: What can we learn from the conversation? 10. W: I am still can’t get over the horrible scene in the movie. It is always haunting me in the dream. M: So next time you walk into a theatre, make sure you know what you are going to see beforehand. Q: What can we learn from the conversation? Section B Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. Inspired by statistics blaming human error for most accidents, Japanese car makers are designing “intelligent” cars that can almost drive themselves on the high way. The systems are designed to reduce human tiredness and the mistakes that often result. This kind of support is what drivers need most in a country with some of the most crowded roads in the world. That is why it should not be surprising that Japan is leading the race to make cars smarter. To provide a safer ride, Japanese automakers are turning to technologies like laser radar and machine vision to replace tired eyes and wandering minds. The system tracks the car ahead, and slows down or speeds up the car automatically to keep a safer distance in highway traffic. An even smarter system is coming from Honda. Called Honda Intelligent Driver Support, it “sees” the road through a tiny camera on the windshield and helps steer the car down the middle of a lane. A computer picks out lines on the highway surface and touches the car’s steering wheel in the right direction. Honda got approval in March to start testing the system on the highway and says it will arrive in showrooms in the near future. Questions: 11. Why is Japan taking the lead in making cars smarter? 12. Which is not the feature of the smarter system developed by Honda? 13. What is the main idea of the passage? Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. Sports account for a growing amount of income made on the sales of commercial time by television companies. Many television companies have used sports to attract viewers from particular sections of the general public, and then they have sold audiences to advertisers. An attraction of sport programs for the major U.S. media companies is that events are often held on Saturday and Sunday afternoons. These are the slowest time periods of the week for general television viewing. Sport events are the most popular weekend programs, especially among male viewers who may not watch much television at other times during the week. This means the television networks are able to sell advertising time at relatively high prices during what normally would be dead time for programming. The people in the advertising departments of major corporations realize that sports attract male viewers. They also realize that most business travelers are men and that many men make family decisions on the purchases of computers, cars and life insurance. Golf and tennis are special cases for television programming. These sports attract few viewers, and the ratings are unusually low. However, the audience for these sports is attractive to certain advertisers. It is made up of people from the highest income groups in the United States, including many lawyers and business managers. This is why television reporting of golf and tennis is sponsored by companies selling highpriced cars, business and personal computer, and holiday trips. With such viewers, these programs don’t need high ratings to stay on the air. Questions: 14. Which of the following statements about weekend sport programs is true? 15. Why are the ratings not important for golf and tennis programs? 16. What is the passage mainly about? Section C Questions 17 and 18 are based on the following conversation. W: Hello, this is T&N Telephone Company. What can I do for you? M: Is this the complaint department? W: Yes. Go ahead please. M: Good, I want to complain about the bill last month. I couldn’t believe my eyes when I received the bill. The figures on the bill were beyond imagination. Have the rates gone up? I think there might be a mistake. W: Wait a minute, please. Could you tell me your phone number please? So that I can check it for you. M: It is 66704032. W: Hold on, please. [A short pause] Well, it seems that the billing is right. You seemed to have made a phone call to a foreign country last month. M: What is the exact number then? I don’t think I have made a longdistance call. W: The country code is 00351. I think that is Portugal. M: Oh, then it must have been my wife who called her cousin there. Thank you for your help. I’ll check it out myself. Thank you very much and I am sorry for bothering you. W: It is OK. Thank you for calling. Questions: 17. Why did the man make the complaint? 18. Who made the call to a foreign country last month? Questions 19 and 20 are based on the following conversation. M: Hi, Margret. I am surprised to see you here. I thought you were away in Africa on holiday. W: Yes, I planned to. But unfortunately, my house caught fire last weekend. So I had to stay here. M: I am sorry to hear that. Did you buy property insurance? W: Luckily, I did. But I still have to contact the insurance company and fill in a lot of forms. M: How did the accident happen? Did you find out the cause of it? W: A firecracker flew into my yard and set the grass on fire. I was out in the supermarket doing some shopping, otherwise I might have stopped this tragedy. M: What about your holiday? W: Oh, I called the airline company and had my flight rescheduled. I will start my journey next month. M: I hope everything will be settled then. Questions: 19. Which of the following is not the cause of the accident? 20. What did the woman do after the tragedy happened? 第 1 页 共 11 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦附中高二上月考二 英语 （考试时间 120 分钟，满分 150 分） 2025.12 I. Listening Comprehension (25 分) Section A (10%) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1 A. 6:15. B. 7:15. C. 7:50. D. 6:50. 2 A. To leave it alone. B. To learn it by heart. C. To read it once more. D. To talk about it. 3 A. He missed it. B. He watched it. C. He disliked it. D. He would see it again. 4 A. She bought the wrong book. B. She asked for a new textbook. C. She lost her money. D. She bought the last edition of the book. 5 A. Cousins. B. Classmates. C. Colleagues. D. Twins. 6 A. A holiday. B. Luck. C. Work. D. Health condition. 7 A. In a flower shop. B. In a supermarket. C. In a restaurant. D. In a post office. 8 A. Manager. B. Doctor. C. Waiter. D. Teacher. 9 A. The woman isn’t satisfied with her body shape. B. The woman is pregnant. C. A new family member will move in to live with the couple. D. The woman is trying to lose weight. 10 A. The woman enjoyed the movie very much. B. The woman didn’t sleep well last night because of the movie. C. The man asked the woman to be careful at night. D. The man invited the woman to go to the theatre together. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and two longer conversations, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversations. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Because Japanese people are over‑stressed from work. B. Because Japan has the most crowded roads in the world. C. Because Japanese automakers possess highly advanced technology. D. Because Japan has first‑class showrooms in the world. 12. A. It can see the road through a tiny camera on the windshield. B. A computer can pick out lines on the highway surface. C. The system can help to steer the car throughout the whole trip. D. A computer directs the car to drive in the right direction. 13. A. The harm of tiredness in driving. B. The leading cause of road accidents. C. The use of laser radar in a safer ride. D. The design of intelligent cars in Japan. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. They result in more sports events. B. They get more viewers to play sports. C. They make more people interested in television. D. They bring more money to the television networks. 15. A. Because their advertisers are car makers. B. Because their viewers are attracted by sports. C. Because their advertisers target rich people. D. Because their viewers can afford expensive cars. 16. A. Television ratings are determined by male viewers. B. Rich viewers contribute most to television companies. C. Sports are gaining importance in advertising on television. D. Commercial advertisers are the major sponsors of sports events. Questions 17 through 18 are based on the following conversation. 17.A. Because the bill price was too high. B. Because the rates have gone up. C. Because he forgot where he had called last month. D. Because they gave him the wrong country code. 18. A. The man. B. The man’s wife. C. The man’s cousin. D. The wife’s cousin. Questions 19 and 20 are based on the following conversation. 19. A. The woman was out shopping and couldn’t stop the fire in time. B. A firecracker flew into the yard. C. The firecracker set the supermarket on fire. D. The firecracker set the grass on fire. 20. A. She went on vacation as scheduled. B. She changed her flight. C. She canceled her journey. D. She argued with the insurance company about compensation for the loss. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20 分) Section A (1*10=10) Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 21. The casualty list at least ______ the extent of the disaster, if it is not a coverup for the real death toll. A. underestimates B. understates C. undercharges D. underachieves 22. His nextdoor neighbor whom he had never talked to ______ the same company as the one he did, which he found out only by chance when they coincidentally joined the same WeChat group for a local community event. A. turned out that he works for B. turning out to work for C. seemed to work for D. seemed that he worked for 23. She stared at the headmaster in stunned ______ as she unfolded the admission letter from the university she had been dreaming of. A. relief B. meditation C. mystery D. disbelief 24. Fast fashion critics argue that cheaply made clothes ______ quickly, ending up in landfills, while public interest in sustainability trends might ______ if governments fail to enforce stricter recycling policies. A. wear out; wear off B. tear apart; fade away C. break down; die out D. use up; run out 25. In late 2013, a formidable disease, later named Ebola virus disease (EVD), ______ West Africa and ______ many people. A. visited; transmitted B. hit; contracted C. swept across; touched D. spread; infected 26. When the hiker finally reached the mountain peak, he was ______ for air, his face pale from exhaustion. A. sighing B. gasping C. breathing D. grasping 27. The group, composed of trusted experts, ______ the owner of the pet who sought urgent guidance that the mushrooms were not dangerous. A. consigned B. reassured C. convinced D. resolved 28. The employee knew he was in the boss’s bad ______ after missing the deadline for the third time. A. books B. lists C. records D. notes 29. ______ enter private property without permission. Any trespasser will have to face both civil and criminal consequences. A. On no circumstances should one B. On no occasion should one C. No matter the occasion is, one should not D. Whatever the circumstance is should one not 30. The ______ flower struggled to survive the harsh winter, its delicate petals trembling in the frostladen wind. A. fledgling B. resilient C. artificial D. withered Section B（10分） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. unfortunate B. anticipated C. construct D. components E. gestures F. attempts G. link H. element I. cites J. formed K. resistant The modern economy depends on how well people connect with others Success in manufacturing depends on physical things: creating the best product using the best equipment with 31______ assembled in the most efficient way. Success in the service economy is dependent on the human 32______: picking the right staff members and motivating them correctly. Motivating people has an extra complexity. Widgets (零件) do not know when they are being manipulated. Workers make connections with their colleagues, for social or work reasons, which the management might not have 33______. Marissa King is professor of organizational behavior at the Yale School of Management, where she tries to make sense of these networks. She 34_____a classification in her new book, “Social Chemistry: Decoding the Elements of Human Connection”. According to her, the term “networking” has developed 35_____connotations, suggesting the kind of person who sucks up to senior staff and ignores colleagues who are unlikely to help them win promotion. Ms King 36_____a study which found that twothirds of newly promoted professionals were uncertain about, or completely 37_____to, thinking strategically about their social relationships. From the point of view of productivity, the most important networks are those 38_____by employees from different parts of the company. Diverse viewpoints should lead to greater creativity. They are good for workers, too. A study found that catching up with colleagues in different departments was linked to salary growth and employee satisfaction. Ms King says that people tend to construct three types of network. “Expansionists” have a wide set of contacts but their relationships tend to be shallow. “Conveners” have a small number of relationships, but these are more intense. “Brokers” 39_____people from different network types. Oldfashioned concepts like courtesy can also help, Ms King argues. Simple 40_____—a smile, a thankyou—make colleagues more likeable and increase cooperation. In contrast, studies of workers who experience incivility find that their effort, time spent at work and commitment to the job all reduce. III. Reading Comprehension (45 分) Section A (15 分) Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. What is the best way to catch someone who is telling a lie? For a long time, the traditional method of 41_____ liars was to watch their body language, including facial expressions. What if the person 42_____ to be nervous? Is the person unable to look me in the eye? Is he or she looking around the room? What about other nervous 43_____, such as fidgeting or shifting from side to side? Many people — from parents to police officers and airport security personnel — depend on this method. But does a person’s body and face 44_____ the truth? Not according to a new study. Can you catch a liar? Talking, it seems, is the best way to 45_____ out a liar. That is what researchers in the United Kingdom found out recently. Their 46_____ took place at one place where lying can get you into big trouble — an airport. The researchers asked volunteers to pretend they were real passengers and then lie to airport security agents. Some 47_____ conversationbased methods to question these makebelieve passengers. Others depended instead on the person’s body language, like lack of eye contact and 48_____ signs of nervousness. The agents talking with the passengers were 20 times more likely to catch the liars. The study has found that these conversationbased techniques can help you 49_____ when a person is lying to you. Like many methods, this conversation method has a name. It is called Controlled Cognitive Engagement or CCE, for short. The British government partly 50_____ this study. The American Psychological Association published the findings. Body language cannot be trusted. Using body language and facial expressions to catch someone in a lie is really hard. And it only works, 51_____, by chance. Thomas Ormerod is the head of the School of Psychology at the University of Sussex in England. On the APA website, he reported that the “suspicioussigns method”—or using body language—“almost completely 52_____” in finding lies. In the conversational CCE method, security agents just talk with passengers. They ask about informal things as you would in a(n) 53_____ conversation. While talking, the agents might ask questions about topics that are apparently 54_____. Then the agent observes if the person becomes more 55_____. They also observe whether their way of speaking changes. 41 A. calculating B. hunting C. identifying D. describing 42 A. appears B. pretends C. decides D. attempts 43 A. movement B. disorder C. impression D. explanation 44 A. hide B. disclose C. acknowledge D. accept 45 A. work B. put C. come D. pick 46 A. system B. programme C. investigation D. process 47 A. improved B. adopted C. inquired D. recommended 48 A. carrying B. attaching C. avoiding D. displaying 49 A. catch B. recognize C. guess D. explain 50 A. motivated B. released C. financed D. reviewed 51 A. totally B. seemingly C. heavily D. especially 52 A. fails B. works C. succeeds D. disappears 53 A. normal B. similar C. essential D. familiar 54 A. related B. shared C. unimagined D. unrelated 55 A. unpredicted B. unprecedented C. unsolved D. uninformed Section B (22 分) Directions: Read the following passage. Each passage is followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) In winter, Hammerfest is a thirtyhour ride by bus from Oslo, though why anyone would want to go there in winter is a question worth considering. It is on the edge of the world, the northernmost town in Europe, a place of dark and fierce winters, where the sun sinks into the Arctic Ocean in November and does not rise again for ten weeks. I wanted to see the Northern Lights...but now as I picked my way through Oslo in late December. I was beginning to have my doubts. Things had not started well. I had overslept at the hotel, missing breakfast, and had to leap into my clothes. I couldn’t find a taxi and had to drag my overweight bag eight blocks to the central bus station. I had had huge difficulty persuading the staff at the Kreditkassen Bank on Karl Johans Gate to cash sufficient traveller’s cheques to pay the 1,200kroner bus farethey simply could not be made to grasp that the William McGuire Bryson on my passport and the Bill Bryson on my traveller’s cheques were both meand now here I was arriving at the station two minutes before departure...and the girl at the ticket counter was telling me that she had no record of my reservation. “This isn’t happening,” I said. “I’m still at home in England enjoying Christmas...”Actually, I said, “There must be some mistake. Please look again.” The girl studied the passenger list. “No, Mr Bryson, your name is not here.” But I could see it, even upsidedown. “There it is, second from the bottom.” “No,” the girl decided, “that says Bernt Bjorson. That’s a Norwegian name.” “It doesn’t say Bernt Bjorson. It says Bill Bryson. Look at the y, the two is: ‘Miss, please,’” But she wouldn’t have it. “If I miss this bus, when does the next one go?” “Next week at the same time.” Oh, splendid. “Miss, believe me, it says Bill Bryson.” “No, it doesn’t.” “Miss, look, I’ve come from England. I’m carrying some medicine that could save a child’s life.” She didn’t buy this. “I want to see the manager.” “He’s in Stavanger.” “Listen, I made a reservation by telephone. If I don’t get on this bus, I’m going to write a letter to your manager that will cast a shadow over your career prospects for the rest of this century.” This clearly did not alarm her. Then it occurred to me. “If this Bernt Bjorson doesn’t show up, can I have this seat?” “Sure.” Why don’t I think of these things in the first place...? “Thank you,’ I said... 56. What can be learned from the passage about Hammerfest? A. It is located in the South of the city of Oslo. B. It is where the Northern Lights can be seen. C. It remains a town without sufficient power supply. D. It remains in the darkness from November till next March. 57. The writer got to the station just two minutes before the bus’s departure because he spent much time ______. A. cashing his traveller’s cheques B. finding a place to have breakfast C. waiting for a taxi to send him there D. choosing suitable clothes to wear 58. By “Oh, splendid”, the writer meant that he actually felt ______. A. puzzled B. amazed C. worried D. relieved 59. Why did the writer say he was carrying some medicine and he would write to the manager? A. To tell the girl what he really wanted to do. B. To show the girl how angry he was with her. C. To warn the girl of the potential consequences. D. To persuade the girl to give him a seat on the bus. (B) Thank you for shopping with us Changed your mind? If you bought your product in one of our stores and have now changed your mind, we will exchange or refund it within seven days of purchase. This does not apply if the item was specially ordered for you or was a fully guaranteed exchanged product. The product must be: · Unopened (with any seal undamaged) · Unused · Returned complete with any free gifts you received with the product. Contact your local store with your receipt details to arrange your refund or exchange. Your Guarantee The following are guidelines. We treat each case on its individual circumstances. · We will always offer you the choice of an exchange or refund if your product develops a fault within 28 days of delivery. · To receive a refund, the product must be otherwise “as new” condition complete with all accessories and free gifts supplied with it. If possible, please return the product in original packaging. · If your product develops a fault within 12 months of purchase, we will offer a free repair service. To obtain a repair for your product, call the relevant helpline number on the back page of this leaflet. If your product is not listed, return it to your local store. · This guarantee does not cover faults caused through accident, neglect, misuse or normal wear and tear. · Faulty software, prerecorded video tapes, DVDs, Minidiscs and CDs will be exchanged for the same title or refunded. Our Price Promise In the unlikely event that you find a cheaper identical product or offer immediately available from another store within 10 miles of your local store we will not only match their price but also give you an extra 10% of the difference. Our Price Promise also applies for up to 7 days after you make your purchase with us; just bring your receipt to claim your refund. This Price Promise does not apply to clearance or exdisplay products, special orders, closing down sales, members only, extended warranty prices, Internet or telephone order line purchases. 60. If a customer doesn’t like the product he/she bought, he/she can have it exchanged or refunded if ______. A. it has been exchanged before B. it has been opened but unused C. it was specially ordered for him/her D. it was bought no more than a week ago 61. Suppose Robert finds the DVD player delivered to him two months ago has developed a fault, he can ______. A. have it repaired without paying any money B. get a new DVD player of the same brand C. call the helpline to ask for an exchange D. get it refunded but keep the free gifts 62. If Mary bought a DVD player in the shop for $69.99 and one day later found one in another shop one mile away at $65.99, then how much refund could she get? A. $6.99. B. $6.59. C. $4.40. D. $4.00. (C) Scientific evidence suggests that humans have a biological desire to help others, including strangers. Altruistic behaviour towards strangers is uniquely human and observed at a very young age. Dr.Felix Warneken and Dr.Michael Tomasello of Germany’s Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology have shown that children as young as 18 months want to help strangers. When their 18monthold subjects saw a stranger throw a pencil on the floor, most of them picked it up. “The results were astonishing because these children are so young. Says Dr. Warneken. Because altruistic behaviour appears in children so young, Dr. Warneken and other scientists hypothesize that the human brain is designed to be altruistic. By using brain scans, neuroscientists are making new discoveries about the biology of human brain. The recent discovery of mirror neurons leads to scientists’ belief that the brain can influence altruistic behavior. Mirror neurons are ordinary brain cells located throughout the brain. They “light up” when a person is performing an action or observing someone else doing a similar action. Mirror neurons make us cry when we see someone else cry or smile when someone smiles at us. Our mirror neurons actually feel what they feel. They cry and smile along with them. How, then, can mirror neurons bring about altruistic behavior? By helping us feel what others feel, mirror neurons naturally make us feel compassionate. They allow us to put ourselves in someone else’s situation; without them, we would not understand or care about other people’s emotions. Would we help hurricane victims? Give money to the poor? Save lives? Probably not, says Marco Iacoboni, a leading neuroscientist: “We are good because our biology drives us to be good.” In other words, mirror neurons seem to prepare us to be altruistic. Neuroeconomist Bill Harbaugh and his team at the University of Oregon study the biology of altruism. They look specifically at neuroeconomics, or the connection between the brain and economic decisions. In one of their experiments, the researchers tried seeing if people’s donations to charity were affected by neurons. They found out when most people donated money, their pleasure centers lit up on the brain scan. Why would our brains be biologically prepared to help others? What benefit does it have for each of us and for human beings as a whole? One popular scientific theory suggests that being natural helpers improves our chances of survival. Humans are social creatures, dependent on family, friends, governments, and strangers. Babies need food to feed them. Larger social groups also rely on our help, such as when we pay taxes or donate money to charities. Without a “helping brain,” humans would have a much harder time trying to survive. The study of the biology of altruism still has a long way to go, however. Many questions have grown out of these initial studies. For instance, if humans are born with a “helping” brain, why do we also have the ability to hurt others? Why are some of us more altruistic than others? How much control does the brain have on altruistic behavior? How much influence does society have? As technology advances, scientists hope to find answers to these questions and increase our understanding of ourselves. 63. The word “Altruistic” in the first paragraph probably means ______. A. Selfish B. Considerate C. Patient D. Responsible 64. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about mirror neurons? A. They light up when a person is doing something. B. They make us feel sympathetic towards others. C. They are different from ordinary brain cells. D. They make people identify with the others’ emotions. 65. According to the passage, neuroeconomics is ______. A. the study of how the brain makes decisions about money B. the study of how the brain controls donations to charity C. the study of how the brain’s pleasure center lights up D. the study of how the brain’s pleasure center controls people’s feelings 66. Why might people be born with a “helping brain”? A. Human babies need parents to feed them. B. It improves people’s chances of survival. C. People can’t live or work without help. D. Humans are social creatures dependent on others psychologically. Section C (8 分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. Increased physical activity could have an even greater beneficial impact in lowerincome countries, owing to its low cost. B. The researchers wrote that vacuuming and mopping the floor are both enough to protect our heart, and it was not necessary to run, swim or work out in the gym. C. In developing countries, many people still have physicallytiring jobs, but as they become more economically prosperous, their activity levels fall. D. It is thought that almost a quarter of the world’s population are not meeting physical activity guidelines. E. The more physically active people are, the lower their risk of heart disease is. F. Sitting still for hours is not good for the physical body; getting up every 40 to 50 minutes for a walk around is beneficial. Keeping Fit without Exercising Incorporating (合并) physical activity into our everyday lives is more likely to protect us from heart disease than buying a gym membership, according to the authors of a new global study. The study was published in the Lancet (《柳叶刀》) medical journal last September. It is the first to compare physical activity and heart disease levels in both wealthy and poor countries—the researchers compared 130,000 people in 17 countries, from Canada and Sweden, to Bangladesh and Zimbabwe. Thirty minutes of exercise per day for five days a week, which most guidelines recommend, does reduce heart disease. However, there appears to be no ceiling to the health benefits of taking exercise. 67______ One to two hours a day is the ideal amount of physical activity, said lead author Professor Scott Lear of Canada’s Simon Fraser University. 68______ Most people think they cannot incorporate that much physical activity into their lives, said Professor Lear. “They will think ‘I’m stressed out after a day’s tiring work. Exercising for two hours? That’s totally out of the question!’” he added. But most people who have the highest activity levels are those for whom exercising is part of their everyday working out. In contrast, almost 40 percent of highly active participants benefited from an active lifestyle. “By including lowandmiddleincome countries in this study, we were able to determine the benefits of activities such as active commuting, having a physicallyactive job or even doing housework,” said Professor Lear. 69______ “Going to the gym is great, but we only have so much time we can spend there. If we can walk to work or school, or take a walk at lunchtime, that will help, too,” they said. “In an age where we’re living increasingly busy but often sedentary (久坐的) lives, weaving physical activity into our daily lives has never been more important,” Professor Lear continued. “70______.” He also suggests we take the stairs rather than the elevator. Another good idea is to increase the walk by getting off the metro or bus one stop early. 第二卷 IV. Productive Grammar (10 分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Choosing coinvestors——Friends without benefits Venture capitalists need to be ruthless about their relationships. Even in a world of algorithmic trading and automated credit scoring, good financial decisions still depend on judgment. Choosing (71)______ to invest alongside is particularly important in the uncertain world of venture capital, (72)______ many deals are syndicated, in order to share risk and information. Investors clearly prefer partners with whom they have something in common. People who have worked at the same company are over 60% more likely to coinvest than those who have not. Investors who belong to the same ethnic minority, (73)______ studied at the same university, are around 20% more likely to pair up. The bias towards coinvestors on measures of ability is weaker: investors (74)______ degrees from the best universities are just 9% more likely to get together. Rapport (和睦关系) is a poor basis for selecting partners. The authors examine investors’ record at exiting investments through an initial public offering (IPO). An IPO is the holy grail (圣杯，最高追求) for many startups, (75)______ the odds of success are 22% lower if a coinvesting pair are alumni of the same university, and 18% lower if they share a past employer. By (76)______ ethnicity has no effect on investment success. In a pair, it is a different story. Coinvestors from the same ethnic minority are 25% (77)______ (likely) to bring a portfolio company to an IPO (and the odds are still lower if the partners are East Asian). The data suggest that the poorer results of similar investors stem less from selecting bad companies, more from bad decisions taken together after the initial investment. It may be that a diversity of views helps investors to make better calls. Partnerships based on ability, not similarity, tend to do better. If one investor of a pair has a degree from a leading university, this adds 9% to the possibility of their selected firms (78)______ (reach) an IPO; if the second does too, that adds a further 11%. Of course, such investors still have to find each other. Research led by Alexander Ljungqvist of New York University’s Stern School of Business (79)______ (show) that Venture Capitalists’ firms in influential network positions perform better, as they have more opportunities to take part in syndications (企业联合组织). The moral seems to be (80)______ investors should make friends easily, but not invest for friendship’s sake alone. V. Summary Writing (10 分) 81.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main ideas and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Unexpected Power of Random Acts of Kindness In late August, Erin Alexander, 57, sat in the parking lot of a Target store and wept. She was having a hard day. A barista (咖啡师) working at the Starbucks inside the Target was too. The espresso machine had broken down and she was clearly stressed. Ms. Alexander — who’d stopped crying and gone inside for some caffeine — smiled, ordered an iced green tea, and told her to hang in there. After picking up her order, she noticed a message on the cup: “Erin,” the barista had written next to a heart, “your soul is golden.” The warmth of that small and unexpected gesture, from a stranger who had no idea of what she was going through, moved Erin deeply. New findings, published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology in August, corroborate (证明) just how powerful experiences like Ms. Alexander’s can be. The notion that kindness can boost wellbeing is hardly new. Studies have shown that prosocial behavior — basically, voluntarily helping others — can help lower people’s daily stress levels, and that simple acts of connection, like texting a friend, mean more than many of us realize. But researchers have also found that people who perform a random act of kindness tend to underestimate how much the recipient will appreciate it. And they believe that miscalculation could hold many of us back from doing nice things for others more often. Stress can also keep people from being kind to others, Dr. Cousineau said, as can the “little judgy voice” in people’s heads that causes them to question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted, or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back. “When the kindness urge arises,” she said, “we totally overthink it.” Researchers who study kindness and friendship say they hope the new findings strengthen the scientific case for making these types of gestures more often. VI. Translation (3+3+4+5=15 分) 82. 当提到要帮助人们度过困境时，他毫不犹豫地自愿捐出了他的全部积蓄。(help) 83. 孩子们收到了杜克大学捐赠的大约 2000 册名著之后，感激之情难以言表。(estimate) 84. 这批志愿者没有料到，他们的小小善举会在网上引发热议，成为了小镇的一桩惊天动地的事。(gesture) 85. 第九次抱着一大摞书站在队伍中时，他不再感到烦躁，欣赏起了墙边醒目地挺立着的一片常春藤叶。(against) VII. Guided Writing (25 分) 86.Directions: Write an English composition in 120150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 请认真观察这幅图片，然后结合自己的生活实际谈谈你对该现象的思考。你的作文中必须包括： 1、简述图片内容； 2、谈谈你的看法。 第 1 页 共 11 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $