2027届高考英语一轮话题复习：个人家庭及社区生活 导学案

该高中英语导学案聚焦“人与自我”主题，系统覆盖个人成长、家庭关系、社区参与三大生活场景，将核心考点按语义关系聚类为选择决策、沟通和解等词块网络。通过语篇输入、词块集群讲解及梯度任务链，引导学生自主梳理词汇关联，构建可迁移的话题知识体系，体现考点梳理的系统性和层次性。 亮点在于自主学习支持与个性化复习设计，如任务链设置单句填空、短语运用到输出写作的三级操练，综合运用含语篇填空和句型转换等自测工具，培养学生语言能力和学习能力。写作工作坊提供思路框架与词块库，批判性思考促进思维品质提升，助力学生自主诊断薄弱点，教师可依学情精准指导，实现因材施教。

话题复习：个人、家庭及社区生活 主题语境：人与自我 | 适用：高三一轮复习 一、话题图谱 本话题围绕"人与自我"展开，按生活场景分为三大板块，词汇按语义关系聚类，形成可迁移的词块网络。 【场景一：个人成长】 核心话题：选课、社团、职业规划、自我认知 关键词块：选择与决策 / 热情与投入 / 自我认知与评价 【场景二：家庭关系】 核心话题：代沟、亲子沟通、家庭责任、共情理解 关键词块：沟通与和解 / 共情与理解 / 责任与担当 【场景三：社区参与】 核心话题：志愿服务、公民责任、社区融入、公共生活 关键词块：志愿服务 / 公民责任 / 社区融入 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 二、话题语篇输入 阅读以下三篇不同视角的语篇，注意文中标注的话题词块。 语篇一：个人成长视角（高一新生的选课与社团选择） Being a freshman of senior high school is a challenge. One year closer to becoming an adult, I have to make choices on my own. What made me confused first was which extra-curricular activity to join. My parents recommended that I should choose the debate club, but I personally prefer the drama club. I am enthusiastic about acting and have always dreamed of being on stage. Then came the time to choose courses. I prefer Chinese to any other subject. My dream is to be an editor or a writer after graduation. I know it is a struggle, but I am determined to pursue it. 语篇二：家庭关系视角（一位母亲关于亲子沟通的反思） Last week, my son and I had a big argument about his choice of courses. He wanted to drop physics, but I insisted that it was important for his future. He shouted that I never listened to him and stormed out of the room. I sat there, filled with regret. I knew I owed him an apology. The next morning, I went to his room and apologised for being so stubborn. To my surprise, he also said he was sorry for being rude. We sat down and had a long talk. I realised that having sympathy for his feelings was more important than being right. We finally settled the conflict through honest communication. 语篇三：社区参与视角（一位青少年志愿者的服务日记） Last Saturday, I joined a community volunteer programme. We went to a nursing home to help the elderly. At first, I was nervous because I didn't know how to communicate with them. But soon, I was attracted by their stories. An old grandpa told me about his youth, and I listened with great enthusiasm. I helped them clean their rooms and read newspapers aloud. One grandma said my voice reminded her of her granddaughter. I felt a strong sense of responsibility. I also learned that being qualified as a volunteer requires patience and kindness. This experience made me realise that community service is not a duty, but a privilege. —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 三、词块集群讲解 按三大生活场景分类，每个词块用表格归纳，便于系统记忆。 场景一：个人成长 【词块群1：选择与决策】 ▸ prefer 释义 搭配/用法 派生词 辨析 较喜欢；宁愿 prefer doing/to do sth 宁愿做 prefer A to B 喜欢A多于B prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做……而不愿…… preference n. 喜爱；偏爱 have a preference for 偏爱 不与比较级连用 =would rather do than do ▸ qualify 释义 搭配/用法 派生词 辨析 （使）具备资格；（使）合格 qualify (sb) for sth （使某人）具备……资格 qualify sb to do sth 使某人具备做某事的资格 qualified adj. 合格的；有资格的 be qualified for/to do 有资格做 qualification n. 资格；学历 be highly qualified for = be fit for ▸ judge 释义 搭配/用法 派生词 辨析 评价；评判；判断 n.法官；裁判员 judging from/by 根据……判断（作状语） judge sb/sth from/by 以……判断…… be judged to be/as 被判定为 judgement n. 判断；判断力 as far as I can judge 据我判断 judging from/by作状语，不受主语影响 类似：generally speaking ▸ equal 释义 搭配/用法 派生词 辨析 同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的 v.比得上 A equals B in… 在……方面A比得上B be equal to+n./doing sth 等于；胜任 equality n. 平等 equally adv. 相等地；同样 be equal to中的to为介词 【词块群2：热情与投入】 ▸ enthusiastic 释义 搭配/用法 派生词 辨析 热心的；热衷的 be enthusiastic about 对……热情 enthusiasm n. 热情 have/show enthusiasm for 对……热情 arouse enthusiasm for 引起……热情 enthusiastically adv. 热情地 with enthusiasm = enthusiastically ▸ attract 释义 搭配/用法 派生词 辨析 吸引；引起注意 attract one's attention 吸引某人注意 be attracted to 被……吸引 attraction n. 吸引；有吸引力的事物 tourist attractions 旅游胜地 attractive adj. 有吸引力的 tourist attractions = places of interest ▸ addicted to 释义 搭配/用法 派生词 辨析 对……入迷；沉迷于 be addicted to sth/doing sth 沉迷于…… addict oneself to 使自己沉迷于 addiction n. 上瘾；沉迷 addictive adj. 使人上瘾的 to为介词，后接名词/动名词 场景二：家庭关系 【词块群3：沟通与和解】 ▸ apologise 释义 搭配/用法 派生词 辨析 道歉；表示歉意 apologise to sb for sth 因为……向某人道歉 apology n. 道歉 make an apology to sb for sth 因为……道歉 accept/refuse one's apology 接受/拒绝道歉 owe sb an apology 应向某人道歉 apologise（动词）= make an apology（名词短语） ▸ settle 释义 搭配/用法 派生词 辨析 定居；解决（纠纷）；使平静；安顿 settle down 定居；平静下来 settle/get down to (doing) sth 着手认真做 settle in/into sth 适应（新环境） settle a conflict/argument 解决冲突 settler n. 移民；殖民者 settlement n. 定居点；解决；协议 settle down to中的to为介词 【词块群4：共情与理解】 ▸ sympathy 释义 搭配/用法 派生词 辨析 同情；赞同 have/express/feel sympathy for 对……表示同情 with sympathy=sympathetically 同情地 out of sympathy 出于同情 sympathetic adj. 同情的 be sympathetic to/towards 对……同情/赞同 类似：have mercy on; take pity on 【词块群5：责任与担当】 ▸ responsible 释义 搭配/用法 派生词 辨析 有责任的；负责的；可靠的 be responsible for 对……负责；是造成……的原因 responsibility n. 责任；职责 take responsibility for 对……负责 It is sb's responsibility to do sth 做某事是某人的责任 be responsible for = take responsibility for 场景三：社区参与 （本场景词汇与场景一、二交叉复用：responsible/settle/attract/qualified等，体现话题词汇的关联性与迁移性。） 补充词块： • be qualified as a volunteer 具备志愿者资格 • take responsibility for community service 为社区服务负责 • settle into community life 融入社区生活 • be attracted by community activities 被社区活动吸引 • arouse enthusiasm for public service 激发对公共服务的热情 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 四、话题任务链 通过三个真实生活任务，在语境中运用话题词块。每个任务有梯度：输入→操练→输出。 任务一：自我画像（个人成长场景） Level 1 单句填空 1. I ________ (prefer) reading books to watching TV in my spare time. 2. She is an ________ (enthusiasm) learner who always asks questions in class. 3. ________ (judge) from his accent, he must be from the north of China. 4. Nobody can ________ (equal) him in maths in our class. 5. With a good command of English, he is well ________ (qualify) for the position. 6. The new exhibition has ________ (attract) thousands of visitors since it opened. 7. Some teenagers are ________ (addict) to online games and neglect their studies. 8. I have a strong ________ (prefer) for classical music over pop music. Level 2 短语运用 1. I ________ (宁愿待在家里看书) than go shopping on weekends. (prefer…rather than…) 2. She ________ (对……充满热情) environmental protection and often participates in related activities. (enthusiastic) 3. ________ (根据他的表现判断), he is qualified for the job. (judging from) 4. Nobody can ________ (在……方面比得上他) spoken English in our school. (equal) 5. The young man ________ (沉迷于) social media and spends too much time on his phone. (addicted) Level 3 输出任务 写一段80词左右的"自我推荐"，申请你心仪的社团职位。要求至少使用3个本场景词块（prefer/enthusiastic/qualified/equal/judge等）。 任务二：家庭沟通（家庭关系场景） Level 1 单句填空 1. He ________ (apologise) to his teacher for being late for class. 2. We should express ________ (sympathetic) for people who are in trouble. 3. It is every citizen's ________ (responsible) to obey the law. 4. After a long discussion, they finally ________ (settle) the disagreement. 5. She looked at the poor boy ________ (sympathy) and gave him some money. 6. The parents decided to ________ (settle) in the countryside after retirement. 7. I owe you an ________ (apologise) for my rude behaviour yesterday. 8. Who is ________ (responsibility) for the accident? Level 2 短语运用 1. He ________ (因为打碎了花瓶向妈妈道歉) yesterday. (apologise to sb for sth) 2. We should ________ (对……表示同情) the disabled and try to help them. (sympathy) 3. It ________ (是我们的责任) to protect the environment. (It is one's responsibility to do) 4. The two countries ________ (解决了冲突) through peaceful negotiations. (settle) 5. After moving to the new city, it took her a long time to ________ (适应新环境). (settle in) Level 3 输出任务 写一封80词左右的道歉信，因为你和父母因为选课问题发生了争执。要求至少使用3个本场景词块（apologise/sympathy/settle/responsible等）。 任务三：社区倡议（社区参与场景） Level 1 单句填空 1. The community centre ________ (attract) many elderly people to take part in activities. 2. Every citizen should take ________ (responsible) for community affairs. 3. She is well ________ (qualify) as a volunteer because she has rich experience. 4. After retiring, the old couple ________ (settle) down in a small town. 5. The young man is ________ (enthusiasm) about community service and helps others every weekend. 6. The new park has become a popular tourist ________ (attract) in the city. 7. We should not be ________ (addict) to our phones and ignore the people around us. 8. ________ (judge) from the number of participants, the activity was a great success. Level 2 短语运用 1. The volunteer programme ________ (吸引了许多年轻人) from different universities. (attract) 2. We all ________ (有责任) to make our community a better place. (responsibility) 3. After years of moving around, they finally decided to ________ (定居) in this city. (settle down) 4. She ________ (对……充满热情) helping the elderly in the nursing home. (enthusiastic) 5. With patience and kindness, he ________ (有资格成为) a good volunteer. (qualify) Level 3 输出任务 写一份80词左右的社区志愿服务倡议书，号召更多青少年参与社区服务。要求至少使用3个本场景词块（attract/responsible/qualified/enthusiastic/settle等）。 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 五、综合运用 Ⅰ. 语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When I first entered senior high school, I was confused about which club to join. My parents recommended the debate club, but I personally 1.________ (prefer) the drama club. I have always been 2.________ (enthusiasm) about acting. After trying out for both, I 3.________ (final) chose drama. I soon realised that being on stage requires not only talent but also hard work. I was 4.________ (addict) to rehearsals and spent every afternoon in the theatre. However, my parents were worried that I was neglecting my studies. We had a big argument. I shouted that they never understood me. Later, I felt sorry and 5.________ (apologise) to them. We sat down and talked. I explained that acting taught me 6.________ (responsible) and teamwork. They finally understood and promised to support me. Now, I also spend weekends doing community service. I am 7.________ (attract) by the idea of helping others. I am well 8.________ (qualify) as a volunteer because I have patience and kindness. 9.________ (judge) from my experience, I believe that balancing hobbies, studies and community service is the key to a fulfilling high school life. It is every student's responsibility 10.________ (grow) into a well-rounded person. Ⅱ. 句型转换 1. I like Chinese better than any other subject.（用prefer改写） I ________ Chinese ________ any other subject. 2. He apologised to his teacher for being late.（用名词短语改写） He ________ ________ ________ ________ his teacher for being late. 3. It is our duty to protect the environment.（用responsibility改写） It ________ ________ ________ ________ to protect the environment. 4. The boy is addicted to playing computer games.（用addict oneself to改写） The boy ________ ________ ________ playing computer games. 5. Judging from his accent, he is from the south.（用judge by改写） ________ ________ his accent, he is from the south. —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 六、语言素养提升 Ⅰ. 动词变形练 1. He ________ (prefer) to stay at home rather than go out yesterday. 2. The new policy ________ (attract) a lot of attention since it was introduced. 3. She ________ (apologise) sincerely and we forgave her. 4. The conflict between the two neighbours ________ (settle) peacefully last week. 5. He ________ (judge) to be the best player in the match by the coach. 6. The old man ________ (settle) in this small town for over twenty years. 7. She ________ (qualify) as a doctor after years of hard work. Ⅱ. 构词法——前缀 en- 表示"使……；使成为……" 指出下列黑体词的含义： 1. The new law will enable us to protect our rights more effectively. 2. We should encourage students to think independently rather than just memorise facts. 3. The volunteers worked hard to ensure the safety of the elderly in the community. 4. Reading can enrich our knowledge and broaden our horizons. 5. The government has taken measures to enlarge the green areas in the city. Ⅲ. 熟词生义练 指出下列黑体词在句中的不同含义： 1. course ① Of course, I will help you with your English. ② The course of history cannot be changed by any individual. ③ She is taking a course in creative writing at the university. ④ The main course was roast beef with vegetables. 2. figure ① I could see a figure approaching in the darkness. ② The figure on the right shows the increase in population. ③ She has a good figure and works out regularly. ④ I figure that we should arrive by six o'clock. 3. issue ① The government is trying to solve the issue of air pollution. ② The latest issue of the magazine has an interview with the famous writer. ③ They issued a statement denying the rumours. —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 七、话题写作工作坊 针对本话题提供三种高考常考写作类型，每种类型含思路框架+话题词块库+范文。 类型一：申请信（申请社团/职位） 思路框架：开头自我介绍+申请职位 → 主体说明优势（用prefer/enthusiastic/qualified/responsible等词块）→ 结尾表达期待+感谢 话题词块库：be enthusiastic about, be qualified for, take responsibility for, prefer…to…, be equal to, have a preference for 【参考范文】 Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing to apply for the position of volunteer in the community library. I am a senior high school student who is enthusiastic about reading and helping others. I believe I am well qualified for this position. First, I prefer reading to any other activity in my spare time, so I have a good knowledge of books. Second, I am responsible and patient — I once helped organise a book fair at my school. Third, I am good at communicating with people, which is equal to the requirements of this job. I would appreciate the opportunity to contribute to the community. I am looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 类型二：建议信（给同龄人关于家庭沟通的建议） 思路框架：开头引出问题+表达理解 → 主体给出建议（用apologise/sympathy/settle/responsible等词块）→ 结尾鼓励+祝愿 话题词块库：apologise to sb for sth, have sympathy for, settle a conflict, take responsibility for, be sympathetic to, communicate with 【参考范文】 Dear Tom, I am sorry to hear that you have been arguing with your parents about your choice of courses. I completely understand how you feel, as I once had a similar experience. Here are some suggestions. First, try to calm down and apologise to your parents if you said something rude. Second, have sympathy for their concerns — they worry about you because they love you. Third, sit down and communicate honestly with them. Explain your reasons and listen to theirs. Finally, remember that it is your responsibility to make your own choices, but you should also respect their opinions. Together, you can settle the conflict. I hope my advice is helpful. I believe you can work things out with your parents. Yours, Li Hua 类型三：演讲稿（关于社区服务/青少年责任） 思路框架：开头问候+引出话题 → 主体阐述意义（用attract/responsible/qualified/enthusiastic/settle等词块）→ 结尾发出号召 话题词块库：be attracted by, take responsibility for, be qualified as, be enthusiastic about, settle into, arouse enthusiasm for 【参考范文】 Dear fellow students, Good morning! Today, I would like to talk about the importance of community service for us teenagers. Nowadays, many of us are attracted by the internet and spend too much time indoors. However, community service can bring us many benefits. First, it helps us develop a sense of responsibility. We learn to take responsibility for others and for society. Second, it allows us to use our skills to help people in need. Anyone can be qualified as a volunteer as long as they have patience and kindness. Third, it helps us settle into the community and understand the world better. I am enthusiastic about community service and I hope more of you will join me. Let us take action and make our community a better place! Thank you! —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 八、批判性思考 用英语思考并口头表达以下问题，尝试运用本话题词块： 1. 选择社团时，应该优先考虑兴趣还是功利性收获？（prefer / enthusiastic / qualified / judge） 2. 代沟是不可避免的吗？如何有效化解亲子冲突？（apologise / sympathy / settle / communicate） 3. 青少年参与社区服务是义务还是选择？它的意义是什么？（responsible / attract / qualified / enthusiasm） —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 参考答案与解析 四、话题任务链 任务一：自我画像 Level 1 单句填空 1. prefer 一般现在时，prefer doing sth"宁愿做某事"。 2. enthusiastic 形容词作定语，"热心的；热衷的"。 3. Judging judging from"根据……判断"，作状语。 4. equal 动词，"比得上；敌得过"。 5. qualified 形容词作表语，be qualified for"有资格做"。 6. attracted 现在完成时，"吸引"。 7. addicted 形容词作表语，be addicted to"沉迷于"。 8. preference 名词作宾语，have a preference for"偏爱"。 Level 2 短语运用 1. prefer to stay at home reading prefer to do sth rather than do sth"宁愿做……而不愿……"。 2. is enthusiastic about be enthusiastic about"对……热情"。 3. Judging from his performance judging from"根据……判断"。 4. equal him in equal sb in…"在……方面比得上某人"。 5. is addicted to / addicts himself to be addicted to"沉迷于"。 Level 3 输出任务：开放性写作，答案略。 任务二：家庭沟通 Level 1 单句填空 1. apologised 一般过去时，"道歉"。 2. sympathy 名词作宾语，express sympathy for"对……表示同情"。 3. responsibility 名词作表语，"责任"。 4. settled 一般过去时，"解决"。 5. sympathetically 副词作状语，"同情地"。 6. settle 不定式，decide to do sth。 7. apology 名词作宾语，owe sb an apology"应向某人道歉"。 8. responsible 形容词作表语，be responsible for"对……负责"。 Level 2 短语运用 1. apologised to his mother for breaking the vase apologise to sb for sth"因为……向某人道歉"。 2. have/express sympathy for have sympathy for"对……表示同情"。 3. is our responsibility It is one's responsibility to do sth"做某事是某人的责任"。 4. settled the conflict settle a conflict"解决冲突"。 5. settle in / settle into the new environment settle in/into"适应（新环境）"。 Level 3 输出任务：开放性写作，答案略。 任务三：社区倡议 Level 1 单句填空 1. attracts / has attracted 一般现在时或现在完成时，"吸引"。 2. responsibility 名词作宾语，take responsibility for"对……负责"。 3. qualified 形容词作表语，be qualified as"有资格成为"。 4. settled 一般过去时，"定居"。 5. enthusiastic 形容词作表语，be enthusiastic about"对……热情"。 6. attraction 名词作宾语，tourist attraction"旅游胜地"。 7. addicted 形容词作表语，be addicted to"沉迷于"。 8. Judging judging from"根据……判断"。 Level 2 短语运用 1. has attracted many young people attract"吸引"。 2. have a responsibility / take responsibility take responsibility for"对……负责"。 3. settle down settle down"定居"。 4. is enthusiastic about be enthusiastic about"对……热情"。 5. is qualified as / qualifies as be qualified as"有资格成为"。 Level 3 输出任务：开放性写作，答案略。 五、综合运用 Ⅰ. 语篇填空 1. preferred 一般过去时，"较喜欢"。 2. enthusiastic 形容词作表语，be enthusiastic about"对……热情"。 3. finally 副词作状语，"最终"。 4. addicted 形容词作表语，be addicted to"沉迷于"。 5. apologised 一般过去时，"道歉"。 6. responsibility 名词作宾语，"责任"。 7. attracted 形容词作表语，be attracted by"被……吸引"。 8. qualified 形容词作表语，be qualified as"有资格成为"。 9. Judging judging from"根据……判断"。 10. to grow 不定式，It is one's responsibility to do sth。 Ⅱ. 句型转换 1. prefer; to prefer A to B"喜欢A多于B"。 2. made an apology to make an apology to sb for sth"因为……向某人道歉"。 3. is our responsibility It is one's responsibility to do sth。 4. addicts himself to addict oneself to"使自己沉迷于"。 5. Judging by judge by"以……判断"。 六、语言素养提升 Ⅰ. 动词变形练 1. preferred 一般过去时，prefer的过去式双写r。 2. has attracted 现在完成时，"吸引"。 3. apologised 一般过去时，"道歉"。 4. was settled 一般过去时被动语态，"被解决"。 5. was judged 一般过去时被动语态，"被判定为"。 6. has settled 现在完成时，"定居"。 7. qualified 一般过去时，"取得资格"。 Ⅱ. 构词法——前缀 en- 1. enable 使能够；使成为可能 2. encourage 鼓励；激励 3. ensure 确保；保证 4. enrich 使丰富；使充实 5. enlarge 扩大；增大 Ⅲ. 熟词生义练 1. course ①当然 ②进程；过程 ③课程 ④一道菜 2. figure ①人影；身影 ②数字；图表 ③身材；体形 ④认为；估计 3. issue ①问题；议题 ②期；刊次 ③发布；发行 七、话题写作工作坊 （本部分为写作指导和范文，无配套练习题） 八、批判性思考 （本部分为开放性思考题，答案略） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $