2027年高考英语一轮复习调研卷（上海卷01）

2027年高考一轮复习调研卷（上海卷01） 英语·参考答案 I. Listening Comprehension (共25分。 1-10每题1分；11-20每题1.5分) 1-5 BADCB 6-10 DCABC 11-13 DAC 14-16 BAC 17-20 ACDB II. Grammar and Vocabulary (共20 分。每小题1分) Section A 1．how much 2．to get 3．what 4．living 5．which 6．Given that 7．fulfilling 8．applies 9．without 10．can Section B 11．C 12．F 13．D 14．A 15．G 16．E 17．K 18．B 19．I 20．J III. Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A 21．A 22．C 23．D 24．D 25．A 26．B 27．B 28．C 29．B 30．A 31．C 32．B 33．C 34．D 35．A Section B 36．C 37．B 38．A 39．D 40．B 41．A 42．D 43．B 44．C 45．A 46．D Section C 47．E 48．C 49．F 50．A IV. Summary Writing (共10 分) Fine motor skills, small and precise movements, are being lost by children. More screen time means less time to develop the skills. Also, digital devices’ immediate support makes kids focus less on effort-requiring tasks, causing skills to decline. Finally, convenience in parenting prevents the skill development. Parents should divert kids from screens and integrate fine motor activities into daily tasks. (60 words) V. Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题，每题3分；第3题4分；第4题5分。) 【52】The rare stones standing in the exhibition are as diverse in posture as the urban landscape of Shanghai. 【53】The once-isolated village vigorously developed eco-tourism so that it would become a place which tourists flock to. 【54】So amazed were the judges at the wisdom and wide knowledge of the contestant that they all agreed that he would be the champion. / be the winner./ win the championship. 【55】No matter how faraway we are from our hometown, eating the home-cooked dishes we’ve been eating since childhood can always make us identify with them. V. Guided Writing (共25分) Dear Student Union, I am Li Hua from Mingqi High School. Learning that you are collecting opinions on the Labor Education Week, I would like to choose Option B. I suggest replacing Growing flowers for a local hospital with the new activity “A Day in a Job” Shadowing. The current three activities are meaningful, but the shadowing experience can bring us practical career awareness, which is rarely covered in classes. By observing a real profession, we can understand the value of different jobs, develop a respectful attitude toward labor, and prepare better for our future life. Community Garden Volunteering and Creative Upcycling Contest can fully develop our hands-on skills. Adding the job-shadowing activity will make the whole education more comprehensive. I believe this change will make the week more inspiring and beneficial. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 1 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027年高考一轮复习调研卷（上海卷01） 英语·解析版 （听力部分） I. Listening Comprehension Section A （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Husband and wife. B. Guest and hostess C. Customer and waitress. D. Boss and employee. 2. A. Watch the program on TV. B. Call the TV station. C. Meet the man at the cat exhibition D. Look for cats with the man. 3. A. Borrow the typewriter. B. Visit the woman. C. Go home soon. D. Read the woman's paper. 4. A. The man. B. Both. C. The woman. D. Neither. 5. A. The books there are too expensive. B. She won't be able to get the book before class. C. The textbook she needs isn't in yet D. She hopes to get a good deal on some second-hand books. 6. A. Take the bus to the airport. B. Meet the Browns at the airport. C. Make a phone call to the Browns. D. Accompany the Browns to the airport 7. A. The woman will have a test B. The man will probably go to the movie. C. The man will have to sit for an exam. D. The woman wishes she could go to class with the man. 8. A. The results haven't come yet. B. The results were checked again last night. C. The woman needs another test tomorrow. D. The doctor hasn't come back from the lab. 9. A. Most neighbors are as noisy as the woman. B. Talking to the neighbors politely might be the best way C. He'd like to know why the woman is angry D. The woman is too polite for her neighbors. 10. A. He needs to buy another umbrella. B. It will rain much later in the week. C. It will probably rain tomorrow. D. The weather forecasters almost never agree. Section B Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages several and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. They used to be unable to listen to public debates. B. They were more patient and sociable then people now. C. They learned from political speeches. D. They used to think in terms of a printed text. 12. A. It makes people get ideas from images, not from written words. B. It has made the public less interested in politics. C. The quality of television programming has declined. D. Political programs on TV are too complex. 13. A. The environmental effects of consumerism. B. How consumer culture has made people unreasonable. C. How television has affected people's thinking ability. D. Television's damage to the environment Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Some children already know how to do it. B. Some children find it more enjoyable than they expected to C. Some children refuse to take part. D. Some children prefer to swim or play table-tennis. 15. A. They seem grateful for their experience here. B. They complain if they cannot phone their parents. C. They miss meal times with their parents. D. The youngest ones find it hard to be away from home. 16. A. They should visit their children instead of phoning them B. They shouldn’t allow their children to bring phones to camp. C. They don`t need to keep on phoning the camp. D. They need to be reminded to phone their children. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Five years. B. Three years C. Four years. D. Six years 18. A. The person who has the strong will. B. The person who has attended the adult school. C. The person who can work at computers quickly after a two-day training. D. The person who can pass the test of arithmetic. 19. A. The man's education. B. A new chance for everyone to be promoted. C. The man's pay raise. D. A career promotion for the man. 20. A. The man is eager to attend the training. B. The person is not very interested in this chance for promotion. C. The man has been training for computer work since last year. D. The man is not confident in his chance to be promoted to the Grade 7. 听力：第1至第10小题，每题1分；第11至20，每题1.5分。共25分。 1-5 BADCB 6-10 DCABC 11-13 DAC 14-16 BAC 17-20 ACDB 附：听力文字稿： Listening Comprehension Section A 1. M: It's very nice of you to invite me. W: I'm very glad you could come, Mr. Smith. Will you take a seat at the head of the table? Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? 2. M: Hey, there will be a program on Channel 7 at 8 you might like. It's about cat. W: I haven't heard about it. But you are right. I am interested in it. Q: What will the woman probably do? 3. W: I've almost finished typing my homework paper. M: Tell me when it's ready. I'd like to see it Q: What does the man want to do? 4. M: I don't think it's a good idea to spend more time chatting on line. I mean it is really a waste of time W: Well, but I think sometimes chatting on line can help you to reduce your stress and make you feel a little bit relaxed Q: Who is in favor of chatting on line? 5. M: The University Bookstore opens at 9 in the morning. W: Oh dear, I need a textbook for 8 o'clock class today. Q: What does the woman mean? 6. W: Hello, dear, are you still busy? The Browns have to leave for the airport in twenty minutes M: Ok, one more phone call and I'll be ready to leave. Q: What are they going to do? 7. M: I have to go to class because I have a test, but if I could, I'd go with you to the movie. W: That's too bad. I wish you could come along Q: What can we learn from the conversation? 8. W: Hello. This is Mary. I'm calling to see if my blood test results are in. M: Dr. Smith just sent them to the lab last night, so the earliest time they could be back is tomorrow morning. Q: What does the man mean? 9. W: I'm going to tell the neighbor of mine to turn down the music once and for all. M: I see why you are angry. But I've always found the polite route is the most effective. Q: What does the man mean? 10. W: Is it supposed to rain tomorrow? M: If you believe the weather broadcast, we'd better bring our umbrella. Q: What does the man mean? Section B Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. There's a book I have to recommend to anyone interested in the state of our consumer society. It's called Amusing Ourselves to Death by Neil Postman. Postman doesn't go through all the environmental effects of consumerism, the damage to the ecology, or whatever. He focuses instead on how society's addiction to television is slowly destroying our ability to think and reason. An example he gives is the way that politicians speak. 150 years ago in the U. S., people listening to public debates were accustomed to hearing and processing complex ideas in paragraph-length sentences. Today, however, most politicians speak in very simple, short sentences because the public cannot pay attention to anything longer. Postman blames this on the shift from a text-based, reading society to a TV-viewing society. Before TV, people spoke and thought in terms of the printed word. But, these days, people can't do that because TV had taught them to get ideas in the form of pictures, not words. (Now listen to it again) Question11. What was the different about people 150 years ago? Question 12. Why does the speaker say television is responsible for the change? Question 13. What is the book about? Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. Every year I work at a summer camp for kids and I really enjoy seeing the children do things they never thought they could do. Nearly all the kids know how to swim and play table-tennis before they come, but things like rock climbing are new experiences for most. Some of them are very nervous, but after a bit of encouragement, they agree to try and they all get to the top in the end, which makes them feel great. The kids stay several weeks and some do miss home. You might expect it to be the really young ones who feel like that the most but it's actually the ten-to thirteen-year-olds. We don't let them use their mobile phones all the time. First we tell them they can phone home after lunch. Then when they ask again, usually after dinner, we say it's a bit too late to phone and suggest doing it the next day. Most children are fine in a couple of days and at the end of their stay, it's amazing how many come and thanks us because they have had a great time. It's not just the children who get lonely. We get parents who are on the phone the whole time, asking how their child is getting on, which is quite unnecessary. Often their son or daughter will be busy, playing games or doing something else, so we have to tell parents ring back another time. Some kids arrive dressed in smart, designer, new clothes and they sometimes argue when we tell them to change into something they won't mind getting dirty, but before long they realize what we mean. (Now listen to it again) Questions. Question 14. What does the speaker say about rock climbing at the camp? Question 15. What surprises the speaker about the children who stay at the camp? Question 16. What does the speaker think about some parents? Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. M: Good morning, Mrs. Smith. You want to see me? W: Yes, Tom. Let's review what you've done so far? You were hired as a mail clerk about five years ago. You have learned a lot since then, haven't you? M: Sure. I learned more about the company because I went around to different offices. Then I was promoted to a mail distribution clerk. That's two grades higher than the mail clerk. So I skipped a grade. I went from Grade I to Grade 3 W: Did you like that job? M: Yeah, my pay went up, and every year I moved up a step. Every time I moved up a step, I got a pay raise W: You were a boss. M: Right. After three years, the manager said he wanted to help me move up. They gave me a little test—arithmetic, and some typing. W: You did well on the test. M: Yes. I did well because I studied at an adult school, and I practiced at home before the test. So I got this job as a senior clerk. I'm a Grade 5 now W: Well. Tom, here is another chance to be promoted. We will give everybody two days of training on computers. The people who learn quickly can go to school for more training. M: You mean going to school on company time? Go to school instead of coming to work? W: Yes, because it will help you in your wok later. You can be promoted to production programming after you've learned to use computer. The job starts at Grade 7. M: Well, I'd like to think about it for a few days. Maybe I should stay where I am now. (Now listen to it again) Question17. How many years did it take the man to move up to Grade 5? Question 18. Who can get the chance to go to school for more training? Question 19. What is mainly discussed in the conversation? Question20. What can be inferred from the conversation? ( 7 / 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Listening comprehension section a short conversations directions in section a, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said, the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once after you hear a conversation and the question about IT, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. One is very nice of you to invite me. I'm very glad you could come. mr. Smith, will you take a seat at the head of the table? Question, what is the probable relationship between the two speakers? Two, hey, there will be a program on channel seven at eight. You might like it's about cat. I haven't heard about IT, but you're right. I am interested in . IT question. What will the woman probably do? Three, i've almost finished typing my homework paper. Tell me when it's ready. I'd like to see . IT question, what does the man want to do? For I don't think it's a good idea to spend more time chatting online. I mean, IT is really a waste of time, well. but I think sometimes chatting online can help you to reduce your stress and make you feel a little . bit relaxed. Question, who is in favor of chatting online? Five, the university bookstore opens at nine in the morning. Oh yeah. I need a textbook for eight o clock class today. Tion, what does the . woman mean? Six, hello, dear, are you still busy? The Browns have to leave for the airport in twenty minutes. Okay, one more phone call and i'll be ready to leave. Question, what are they going to do? Seven, I have to go to class because I have a test, but if I could, i'd go with you to the movie. That's too bad. I wish you could come along. Question, what can we learn from the conversation? Eight, hello, this is mary. I'm calling to see if my blood test results are in. Doctor Smith just sent them to the lab last night, so the earliest time they could be back is tomorrow morning. Question, what does the man mean? Nine, i'm going to tell the neighbor of mine to turn down the music one cent for all. I see why you are angry, but i've always found the polite route is the most effective question. What does the man mean? Ten, is this supposed to rain tomorrow? If you believe the weather broadcast, we'd Better bring our umbrella. What does the man mean? Section b directions in section b, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you'll be asked several questions on each of them. The passengers and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions eleven through thirteen are based on the following passage. There's a book I have to recommend to anyone interested in the state of our consumer society. It's called amusing ourselves to death by neil postman doesn't go through all the environmental effects of consumerism, the damage to the ecology, or whatever he focuses. Instead on how to edy's addiction to television is slowly destroying our ability to think and reason. An example he gives is the way that politicians speak. One hundred fifty years ago in the us, people listening to public debates were accustomed to hearing in processing complex ideas in paragraphs gue sentences. Today, however, most politicians speak in very simple, short sentences because the public cannot pay attention to anything longer. Postman believes this on the shift from a tax based reading society to AT. V viewing society. Before TV, people spoke and thut in terms of the printed word. But these days people can do that because v had taught them to get ideas in the form of pictures, not words. Now listen to IT again. There's a book I have to recommend to anyone interested in the state of our consumer society. It's called amusing ourselves to death by neil postman. Postman doesn't go through all the environmental effects of consumerism, the damage to the ecology or whatever. He focuses instead on how society y's addiction to television is slowly destroying our ability to think and reason. An example he gives is the way that politicians speak. One hundred fifty years ago in the us, people listening to public debates were accustomed to hearing in processing complex ideas in paragraphs c sentences. Today, however, most politicians speak in very simple, short sentences because the public cannot attention to anything longer. Postman believes this on the shift from a text based reading society to a TV viewing society. Before TV, people spoke and thought in terms of the printed word. But these days people can do that because TV had taught them to get ideas in the form of pictures, not words. Question eleven, what was different about people one hundred and fifty years ago? Question twelve, why does the speaker say television is responsible for the change? Question thirteen, what is the book about? Questions fourteen through sixteen are based on the following passage. Every year, I work at a summer camp for kids, and I really enjoy seeing the children do things they never thought they could do. Nearly all the kids know how to swim and play table tennis before they come, but things like rock climbing, new experiences for most, some of them are very nervous, but after a bit of encouragement, they agreed to try, and they all get to the top in the end, which makes them feel great. The kids stay several weeks, and some do miss home. You might expect you to be the really Young ones who feel like that the most, but it's actually the ten to thirteen year roads. We don't let them use their mobile phones all the time. First, we tell them they can phone home after lunch. Then when they ask again, usually after dinner, we say it's a bit too late to phone and suggest doing IT the next day. Most children are fine in a couple of days, and at the end of their day, it's amazing how many come and thinkers, because they have had a great time. It's not just the children who get lonely. We get parents who are on the phone the whole time asking how their child is getting on, which is quite unnecessary. Often their son or daughter will be busy playing games or doing something else. So we have to tell parents, ring back another time. Some kids arrive, dressing smart, designer new clothes. And they sometimes argue. When we tell them to change into something, they won mind, getting dirty. But before long, they realized . what we mean. Now listen to IT again. Every year I work at a summer camp for kids, and a really enjoy seeing the children do things they never thought they could do. Nearly all the kids know how to swim and play table tennis before they come. But things like rock climbing are new experiences for most. Some of them are very nervous, but after a bit of encouragement, they agreed to try, and they all get to the top in the end, which makes them feel great. The kids stay several weeks and some do miss home. You might expect you to be the really Young ones who feel like that the most, but it's actually the ten to thirteen year roads. We don't let them use their mobile phones all the time. First, we tell them they can find home after lunch. Then when they ask again, usually after dinner, we say it's a bit too late to phone and suggest doing IT the next day. Most children are fine in a couple of days, and at the end of their day, it's amazing how many come and thinkers because they have had a great time. It's not just the children who get lonely. We get parents who are on the phone the whole time asking how their child is getting on, which is quite unnecessary. Often their son or daughter will be busy playing games or doing something else. So we have to tell parents, ring back another time. Some kids arrive dressing smart, designer new clothes, and they sometimes argue when we tell them to change into something they want mind getting dirty, but before long . they realize what we mean. Question fourteen, what does the speaker say about rock climbing at the camp? Question fifteen, what surprises the speaker about the children who stay at the camp? Question sixteen, what does the speaker think about some parents? Questions seventeen through twenty are based on the following conversation. Good morning, mr. smith. You want to see me? Yes, tom, let's review what you've done so far. You were hired as a male Clark about five years ago. You've learned a lot since then. haven't true. I learned more about the company because I went around to different offices. Then I was promoted to a male distribution clerk. That's two grades higher than the mental clerk. So I skipped a grade. I went from grade one to grade three. Did you like that job? Yeah, my pay went up. And every year I moved up a, every time I moved up a step, I got a pay rays. were a boss right . after three years, the manager said he wanted to help me move up. They gave me a little test arithmetic and some typing. You did well on the test. Yes, I did well because I studied at an adult school and I practiced at home before the test. So I got this job as a senior clerk. I'm a grade five now. Well, tom, here's another chance to be promoted. We will give everybody two days of training on computers. The people who learn quickly can go to school for more training. Do you mean going to school on company time? Go to school instead of coming to work? Yes, because IT will help you in your work. later. You can be promoted to production programing after you've land to use computer. The jobs starts at great seven. Well, i'd like to think about IT for a few days. Maybe I should stay where . I am now. Now listen to you again. Good morning, mr. smith. You want to see me? yes. M, let's review what you've done so far. You were hired as a male clock about five years ago. You have learned a lot since then. Haven't too sure I learned more about the company because I went around to different offices. Then I was promoted to a male distribution clerk. That's two grades higher than the mental clerk. So I skipped a grade. I went from grade . one to grade three. Did you like that job? Yeah, my pay went up. And every year I moved up a step. Every time I moved up a step. I got a pay raise. You were a boss right after three years, the manager said he wanted to help me move up. They gave me a little test of arithmetic, tic and some typing. You did well on the test. Yes, I did well because I studied at an adult school and I practiced at home before the test. So I got this job as a senior clerk. I'm a grade five now. Well, tom, here's another chance to be promoted. We will give everybody two days of training on computers. The people who learn quickly can go to school for more training. Do you mean going to school on company time, go to school instead of . coming to work? Yes, because IT will help you in your work later. You can be promoted to production programing after you've learned to use computer. The jobs starts at . great seven. Well, i'd like to think about IT for a few days. Maybe I should stay where I am now. Question seventeen, how many years did IT take the man to move up to grade five? Question eighteen, who can get the chance to go to school for more training? Question nineteen, what is mainly discussing the conversation? Questioned to what can be inferred from the conversation. This is the end of listening comprehension. 2027年高考一轮复习调研卷（上海卷01） 英语·全解全析 （笔试部分） II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Be yourself — everyone else is taken In one of my favorite studies on the meaning in life, students were divided into three groups: one wrote about their “true self,” another about their “everyday self,” and the third about the campus bookstore. They then rated their sense of life meaning. The researchers were interested in 1 ________ detail the participants provided in their various essays, their assumption being that the more detailed a description one provides about one’s true self, the more likely one is 2 (get) authentically in touch with that sense of self. Not surprisingly, for those who wrote about their everyday self or the campus bookstore, the level of detail showed no relation to their sense of life meaning. Yet among those who wrote about their true selves, greater essay detail correlated with a stronger experience of life meaning. The empirical (实证) research backs up 3 philosophers proposed decades ago: There is great value in being able to live authentically and with oneself, and such self-actualization can make our lives feel truly worth 4 (live). As the late philosopher Lawrence Becker proclaimed, “Autonomous human lives have a dignity that is immeasurable, incommensurable, infinite, beyond price.” This theoretical insight is backed up by recent empirical research in self-determination theory, which has argued forcefully that autonomy is a fundamental human need, the satisfaction of   5 is important for our psychological growth, integrity and well-being. As our body needs food and water for its wellness and health, so our mind needs a few basic psychosocial experiences for its wellness and health — and among these needs, autonomy stands tall. 6 _________the need for autonomy is built into the human motivational system, it is no wonder that we find something inherently worthy and 7 (fulfill) in being able to live authentically. Basic psychological needs provide a robust foundation for where to find meaning in life. And what 8 (apply) to whole lives is true also for individual tasks. In my studies, I have shown how having autonomy at work is one of the key qualities that makes work meaningful. While much of life’s meaning derives from human connection, one cannot truly connect with others 9 first being in touch with oneself; otherwise, it is not the genuine self but a hollow persona (人格面具) that engages with others. Only by understanding one’s identity and origins 10 one begin to relate to others authentically. 【答案】 1．how much 2．to get 3．what 4．living 5．which 6．Given that 7．fulfilling 8．applies 9．without 10．can 【导语】文章主要围绕做独一无二的自己展开讨论。 【详解】1．考查宾语从句。句意：研究人员关注参与者在不同文章中所提供细节的丰富程度，他们的设想是：一个人对真实自我的描述越详尽，就越有可能真正触及自我本心。空处引导宾语从句，空格处应填入宾语从句的引导词，修饰不可数名词detail，应用how much。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。设空处为表语，表目的，空处需填to get。 3．考查宾语从句。句意：这项实证研究印证了哲学家们数十年前提出的观点：真诚坦荡、遵从本心的生活极具价值，这种自我实现能让我们的人生真正过得有意义。空处引导宾语从句，作back up的宾语，宾语从句中缺宾语，表示“……的东西”，故用连接代词what引导。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。固定搭配be worth doing sth.意为“值得做某事”，主动形式表被动含义，空处需填动名词living。 5．考查定语从句。句意：自我决定理论的近期实证研究也佐证了这一理论观点，该理论明确提出，自主性是人类的基本需求，满足这一需求对我们的心理成长、人格完整与身心健康至关重要。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为autonomy，指物，关系词在从句中作of的宾语，且置于介词of之后，需用关系代词which引导。 6．考查状语从句。句意：鉴于自主需求本就根植于人类的动机体系之中，我们会从遵从本心的生活里，感受到与生俱来的价值感与充实感，也就不足为奇了。前后为因果关系，解释后文“不足为奇”的原因，表示“鉴于，考虑到”应用given that引导状语从句，置于句首，首字母大写。 7．考查形容词。句意：同上。and 连接并列形容词，修饰不定代词something，fulfilling意为“令人满足的”，符合语境。 8．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：适用于整个人生的道理，同样也适用于各项日常事务。空处作谓语，全文为一般现在时，描述客观道理，主语为what，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式applies。 9．考查介词。句意：尽管人生的诸多意义源自人与人之间的联结，但一个人若不先认清自我，便无法与他人建立真正的羁绊，否则，与人交往的不是真实的自我，而是空洞的人格面具。此处表示否定的条件，表示“没有”应用介词without。 10．考查情态动词。句意：唯有认清自身的身份与来路，一个人才能真诚地与他人相处。表示“能够、可以”，用情态动词 can。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．erosion    B．justifications    C． materialized    D．nature    E. generational F. capacity    G. confined    H. reversed    I. structural    J. unrecognizable K. translated The Myth of Linguistic Decline Linguistic decline is the cultural equivalent of the boy who cried wolf, except the wolf never turns up. Perhaps this is why, even though the idea that language is going to the dogs is widespread, nothing much has been done to address it: it’s a powerful intuition, but the evidence of its effects has simply never 11 . That is because it is unscientific nonsense. There is no such thing as linguistic decline, so far as the expressive 12 of the spoken or written word is concerned. We need not fear a breakdown in communication. Our language will always be as flexible and sophisticated as it has been up to now. Those who warn about the deterioration of English haven’t learned about the history of the language, and don’t understand the 13 of their own complaints — which are simply statements of preference for the way of doing things they have become used to. The 14 of language to the point that “ultimately, no doubt, we shall communicate with a series of grunts” (as some would say) will not, cannot, happen. The clearest evidence for this is that warnings about the deterioration of English have been around for a very long time. Many famous writers, across a span of hundreds of years, had moaned about the decline of language standards. Yet the period also encompasses some of the greatest works of English literature. And deep concerns over linguistic standards are not 15 to English only. The fate of every language in the world has been mourned by its native speakers at one point or another. The hard truth is that English, like all other languages, is constantly evolving. It is the speed of the change, within our own short lives, that creates the illusion of decline. Because change is often 16 , older speakers recognize that the norms they grew up with are falling away, replaced with new ones they are not as comfortable using. This cognitive difficulty doesn’t feel good: and the bad feelings are 17 into criticism and complaint. We tend to find intellectual 18 for our personal preferences, whatever their motivation. If we lived for hundreds of years, we would be able to see the bigger picture. Because when you zoom out, you can appreciate that language change is not just a question of slovenliness (邋遢): it happens at every level, from the superficial to the 19 . Any given language is significantly reconfigured (重新配置) over the centuries, to the extent that it becomes totally 20 . But, as with complex systems in the natural world, there is often a kind of homeostasis: simplification in one area can lead to greater complexity in another. What stays the same is the communicative power of the language. You can always say what needs to be said. 【答案】 11．C 12．F 13．D 14．A 15．G 16．E 17．K 18．B 19．I 20．J 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章驳斥了“语言衰落”的观点，指出语言不会衰落，它只是在不断演变，变化速度带来的认知不适被误认为是衰落，而语言的交际能力始终不变。 【详解】11．考查动词。句意：也许这就是为什么，尽管“语言正在衰退”的观念非常普遍，但人们却并未采取什么行动来应对：这是一种强烈的直觉，但其影响的证据却始终未曾真正显现。根据下文“That is because it is unscientific nonsense”可知，所谓的证据从未出现过。动词materialize意为“实现、成为现实”，作谓语，用过去分词形式，构成现在完成时态。 12．考查名词。句意：就口语或书面语的表现能力而言，不存在语言衰落这回事。根据“of the spoken or written word”可知，此处指语言的表达能力。名词capacity意为“能力、容量”，作主语。 13．考查名词。句意：那些警告英语正在退化的人，既不了解这门语言的历史，也不明白他们自己抱怨的本质——那些抱怨只不过是对他们已习惯的表达方式的一种偏好声明而已。根据下文“which are simply statements of preference”可知，他们的抱怨仅仅是个人偏好，他们并不理解自身抱怨的真正本质。名词nature意为“本质、本性”，符合语境，作宾语。 14．考查名词。句意：语言退化到“最终我们无疑会用一系列咕噜声交流”的程度不会、也不可能发生。根据“to the point that “ultimately, no doubt, we shall communicate with a series of grunts””可知，此处指语言的侵蚀或退化。名词erosion意为“侵蚀、腐蚀”，用于比喻语言质量的下降，作主语。 15．考查动词的过去分词。句意：对语言标准的深切担忧并不仅限于英语。根据下文“The fate of every language in the world has been mourned”可知，担忧不局限于英语一种语言。动词confine意为“限制”，be confined to是固定搭配，意为“局限于”。 16．考查形容词。句意：由于变化通常具有代际性，年长的语言使用者会意识到他们成长过程中所遵循的规范正在消失，被他们不太习惯使用的新规范所取代。根据下文“older speakers recognize that the norms they grew up with are falling away”可知，变化发生在代与代之间。形容词generational意为“代际的”，作表语。 17．考查动词的过去分词。句意：这种认知上的不适感并不好受：而这种负面情绪便转化成了批评和抱怨。根据下文“into criticism and complaint”可知，负面情绪被转变成批评。动词translate意为“转变，转化”，作谓语，用过去分词构成被动语态are translated into，意为“被转化为”。 18．考查名词。句意：我们倾向于为个人偏好寻找理性的辩护，无论其动机如何。根据“for our personal preferences”可知，我们为偏好寻找理由或辩护。名词justifications意为“理由、辩护”，作宾语。 19．考查形容词。句意：它发生在各个层面，从表面的到结构性的。根据“from the superficial to the”可知，与“superficial(表面的)”相对，用形容词structural，意为“结构性的”，符合语境。 20．考查形容词。句意：在几个世纪的时间里，任何一种语言都会被显著地重新配置，以至于变得完全认不出来。根据“becomes totally”可知，语言变化之大以至于无法辨认。用形容词unrecognizable作表语，意为“无法辨认的”。 III. Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Sufficient research has shown that when people believe that their managers are truly listening to their ideas and concerns, work relationships grow stronger, engagement rises, and performance improves. That’s why bosses have regular one-on-ones with their 21 reports, and new division heads go on listening tours. However, studies also show that such practices often are 22 — in part because many managers simply aren’t good listeners. When we conducted a comprehensive review of 117 academic papers on workplace listening, we found that this skill is far easier to describe than to 23 . Why? Because listening is an 24 activity that requires empathy, patience, and the ability to respond to what you hear. And because it can be so 25 demanding, particularly when the subject matter is complex or emotionally charged, people often take shortcuts. Take Google’s all-company Friday meetings. For years these were weekly open forums (讨论会) where company leaders would share 26 , discuss strategic developments, and take questions from employees. They played a critical role in maintaining a culture of 27 at the company. As Laszlo Bock, Google’s former vice president of people operations, once explained, they 28 “everything from whether the mix of food in the cafes is too healthy to really significant questions around whether our strategy with a particular country or product is good or evil.” 29 , in 2019 Sundar Pichai, Google’s CEO, decided that the meetings were no longer working. Employees wanted to talk about controversial issues like the company’s handling of hate speech, and discussions were often 30 to the press. Pichai made them less regular and changed their 31 . It seems that listening to everyone had gotten too difficult. Similar situations have played out at Activision Blizzard, where an attempt to address misconduct claims during a company town hall led to a massive strike, with workers complaining that leaders were 32 rather than meaningfully addressing their concerns, and at Amazon, where employees said that a daily survey designed to evaluate staff well-being was being prejudiced by managers’ direct pressure to give 33 answers and by worries that responses wouldn’t be kept privately protected. Listening without 34 action or explanation leads employees to believe their efforts — and yours — have been pointless. There is a fix for this: Always complete the communication cycle. Before ending a conversation, restate what you’ve heard, identify the next steps for action, and 35 a timeline for checking back in. That emphasizes forward momentum (势头) and ensures accountability. 21．A．direct B．external C．former D．temporary 22．A．chaotic B．beneficial C．ineffective D．innovative 23．A．document B．debate C．define D．display 24．A．automatic B．adaptive C．instant D．intentional 25．A．mentally B．physically C．financially D．visually 26．A．policies B．updates C．successes D．gossips 27．A．competition B．trust C．excellence D．diversity 28．A．improved B．highlighted C．covered D．transferred 29．A．Therefore B．However C．Similarly D．Alternatively 30．A．leaked B．announced C．recommended D．assigned 31．A．agenda B．duration C．format D．method 32．A．approving B．minimizing C．justifying D．resolving 33．A．honest B．random C．positive D．vague 34．A．dynamic B．periodic C．urgent D．subsequent 35．A．agree on B．comment on C．rule out D．stretch out 【答案】 21．A 22．C 23．D 24．D 25．A 26．B 27．B 28．C 29．B 30．A 31．C 32．B 33．C 34．D 35．A 【导语】文章指出管理者倾听员工虽重要但常因缺乏技巧和后续行动而无效，并通过谷歌、动视暴雪和亚马逊的案例说明问题所在，最后建议通过完成沟通循环来改善倾听效果。 【详解】21．考查形容词。句意：这就是为什么老板们会定期与他们的直接下属进行一对一谈话，而新部门负责人会进行倾听之旅。A. direct直接的；B. external外部的；C. former以前的；D. temporary临时的。根据下文“new division heads go on listening tours”可知，新部门负责人会进行倾听之旅，与之呼应，老板们则定期与直接下属进行一对一谈话，direct reports是固定搭配，意为“直接下属”。 22．考查形容词。句意：然而，研究也表明，这些做法常常是无效的——部分原因是许多管理者根本不善于倾听。A. chaotic混乱的；B. beneficial有益的；C. ineffective无效的；D. innovative创新的。根据下文“in part because many managers simply aren’t good listeners”可知，管理者不善于倾听会导致这些做法无效。 23．考查动词。句意：当我们对117篇关于职场倾听的学术论文进行全面综述时，发现这项技能更容易描述，却更难展现。A. document记录；B. debate辩论；C. define定义；D. display表现。根据上文“this skill is far easier to describe than to”可知，前后是比较的关系，职场倾听的技能易于描述，却难以真正展现。 24．考查形容词。句意：因为倾听是一种有意的活动，需要同理心、耐心以及回应所听到内容的能力。A. automatic自动的；B. adaptive适应的；C. instant即时的；D. intentional有意的。根据下文“that requires empathy, patience, and the ability to respond to what you hear”可知，倾听需要同理心、耐心和回应能力，强调主动努力，是一种有意的活动。 25．考查副词。句意：而且因为它对精神要求很高，尤其是当主题复杂或情绪化时，人们常常会走捷径。A. mentally精神上；B. physically身体上；C. financially财务上；D. visually视觉上。根据上文“listening is an ____ activity that requires empathy, patience, and the ability to respond to what you hear”可知，倾听需要同理心、耐心和回应能力，这些都属于精神层面的要求。 26．考查名词。句意：多年来，这些是每周一次的公开论坛，公司领导会在会上分享最新消息、讨论战略发展，并回答员工的问题。A. policies政策；B. updates最新消息；C. successes成功；D. gossips八卦。根据下文“discuss strategic developments, and take questions from employees”可知，与“讨论战略发展”和“回答员工问题”并列的应该是“分享最新消息”。 27．考查名词。句意：它们在维持公司信任文化方面发挥了关键作用。A. competition竞争；B. trust信任；C. excellence卓越；D. diversity多样性。根据上文“For years these were weekly open forums (讨论会) where company leaders would share ____, discuss strategic developments, and take questions from employees.”可知，领导讨论战略发展、回答问题有助于和员工建立信任。 28．考查动词。句意：正如谷歌前人力运营副总裁Laszlo Bock曾解释的那样，它们涵盖了“从咖啡馆的食物搭配是否过于健康，到关于我们对某个国家或产品的战略是好是坏等真正重要的问题。”A. improved改进；B. highlighted强调；C. covered涵盖；D. transferred转移。根据下文“everything from whether the mix of food in the cafes is too healthy to really significant questions around whether our strategy with a particular country or product is good or evil”可知，这里列举公司会议上讨论的各种议题，指涵盖这些内容。 29．考查副词。句意：然而，在2019年，谷歌首席执行官Sundar Pichai认为这些会议不再有效。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Similarly类似地；D. Alternatively或者。根据下文“Sundar Pichai, Google’s CEO, decided that the meetings were no longer working”可知，上文介绍谷歌这些会议的积极作用，下文指出会议不再有效，上下文是转折的关系，应用However“然而”衔接。 30．考查动词。句意：员工们想谈论有争议的问题，比如公司对仇恨言论的处理，而讨论内容经常被泄露给媒体。A. leaked泄露；B. announced宣布；C. recommended推荐；D. assigned分配。根据上文“Employees wanted to talk about controversial issues”和下文“to the press”可知，员工想谈论有争议的问题，这类讨论容易引发关注，会经常被泄露给媒体。 31．考查名词。句意：Pichai减少了会议的频率并改变了它们的形式。A. agenda议程；B. duration持续时间；C. format形式；D. method方法。根据上文“Pichai made them less regular and changed their”可知，Pichai减少了会议的频率，意味着弱化会议，改变它们的形式。 32．考查动词。句意：类似的情况也发生在动视暴雪，该公司在一次全体会议上试图处理不当行为指控，却导致大规模罢工，工人们抱怨领导层在淡化问题，而不是有意义地解决他们的担忧；还有亚马逊，员工们表示，旨在评估员工福祉的每日调查因经理直接施压要求给出积极答案，以及担心回复无法得到隐私保护而受到偏见影响。A. approving批准；B. minimizing最小化；C. justifying证明正当；D. resolving解决。根据下文“rather than meaningfully addressing their concerns”可知，与“有意义地解决他们的担忧”形成对立的是“最小化问题”，即淡化问题。 33．考查形容词。句意：类似的情况也发生在动视暴雪，该公司在一次全体会议上试图处理不当行为指控，却导致大规模罢工，工人们抱怨领导层在淡化问题，而不是有意义地解决他们的担忧；还有亚马逊，员工们表示，旨在评估员工福祉的每日调查因经理直接施压要求给出积极答案，以及担心回复无法得到隐私保护而受到偏见影响。A. honest诚实的；B. random随机的；C. positive积极的；D. vague模糊的。根据上文“a daily survey designed to evaluate staff well-being was being prejudiced by managers’ direct pressure”可知，经理直接施压让员工给出积极的答案，避免负面反馈，这会影响每日调查。 34．考查形容词。句意：没有后续行动或解释的倾听会让员工认为他们的努力——以及你的努力——都是徒劳的。A. dynamic动态的；B. periodic周期的；C. urgent紧急的；D. subsequent随后的。根据下文“identify the next steps for action”可知，文末的建议包含确定下一步行动，表明没有后续行动的倾听会导致双方努力无效。 35．考查动词。句意：在结束对话之前，重述你所听到的内容，确定下一步行动，并商定一个回访的时间表。A. agree on就……达成一致意见；B. comment on就……发表评论；C. rule out排除；D. stretch out伸展。根据下文“a timeline for checking back in”和“That emphasizes forward momentum (势头) and ensures accountability.”可知，商定一个回访的时间表可以让倾听走向正向循坏，确保无法解决问题就会有问责。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) For me, I was unaware of pizza’s healing value until I had kids. I adopted my older son, Alyosha, in Russia when he was 7. We had a good start. But one day, when he was 8, something didn’t go his way. He was still getting English under his belt, and, having not won in the matter, he announced, “I want to go back to Russia.” I looked on as he walked out the door. Then I caught up and walked alongside him as he made his way down the street. “It’s far,” I told him. He replied, “I walk.” I added, “There’s an ocean between here and Russia.” He responded, “I take a boat.” Finally, I suggested, “How about pizza?” “He responded, OK.” He never made it to Russia. When my second son came along, the waters of his life with me were roiled in his sixth year, when he wanted to play with a 5-year-old girl in a neighbor’s family. One cold, dark evening, he intended to visit Diana against my wishes. I had quite a time locating him, but I eventually found him standing on a traffic island, tears coursing down his cheeks because he couldn’t figure out how to navigate the crossing. I threw a jacket around him and gathered him into my arms. “How about pizza?” He wiped his tears on his sleeve and sniffed, “OK.” A short while later his persistence was eased by the sweet taste of pizza. Both of these adventures suggested the enduring value of what I call “the pizza cure”. Its beauty lies in its simplicity. By way of example, one of my students recently told a minor personal crisis to me. Nothing I said could pull him out of his marsh of hopelessness, so I acted. I took him to a local pizza joint and watched as he tucked into a pizza. Moments later the clouds had parted and the light shone through. The world once again seemed manageable. To appropriate a well-worked saying, a slice of pizza is sometimes worth a thousand words of comfort. 36．Why did Alyosha want to go back to Russia? A．He was forced to learn English and didn’t want to. B．He didn’t win an award for English at school. C．His learning English was not going well. D．He missed Russia his home country a lot. 37．What does the underlined word “roiled” in the 4th paragraph mean? A．mixed. B．upset. C．quieted. D．lifted. 38．How does the author support the main idea of the passage? A．With three different stories. B．With two stories and one example of subsequent outcomes. C．By arguing with causal analysis. D．By demonstrating various effects of a single action. 39．Which statement is the closest equivalent of the main idea of the passage? A．Just be there for your children, say nothing, and watch. B．Grief and love are inseparable in our lives. C．Lost in sadness, we need others on our way to healing. D．A simple gesture speaks louder than well-versed speeches. 【答案】36．C 37．B 38．A 39．D 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者通过给孩子和自己学生吃披萨的方式，帮助他们缓解悲伤情绪，体现了简单行动的巨大力量。 【详解】36．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But one day, when he was 8, something didn’t go his way. He was still getting English under his belt, and, having not won in the matter, he announced, “I want to go back to Russia.”(但是有一天，在他8岁的时候，事情没有按照他的意愿发展。他还在学习英语，因为没有在这件事上获胜，他宣布：“我想回俄罗斯。”)”可知，Alyosha想回俄罗斯是因为他的英语学习不顺利。 37．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“...when he wanted to play with a 5-year-old girl in a neighbor’s family. One cold, dark evening, he intended to visit Diana against my wishes. I had quite a time locating him, but I eventually found him standing on a traffic island, tears coursing down his cheeks because he couldn’t figure out how to navigate the crossing.(……当时他想和邻居家一个五岁的小女孩玩。在一个寒冷漆黑的晚上，他不顾我的反对，执意要去找Diana。我花了好一阵子才找到他，发现他站在一个交通岛上，泪流满面，因为他不知道怎么过马路)”可知，儿子六岁时，不顾作者的反对，执意去找邻居家的小女孩玩，但却不知道怎么过马路，只能在交通岛上泪流满面，这件事说明他们平静的生活被扰乱了。故划线词roiled的意思是“扰乱”，与upset意思相近。 38．推理判断题。作者在第二、三段讲述与大儿子Alyosha的披萨故事，在第四段讲述了与小儿子的披萨故事，在第五段中“By way of example, one of my students recently told a minor personal crisis to me. Nothing I said could pull him out of his marsh of hopelessness, so I acted. I took him to a local pizza joint and watched as he tucked into a pizza. Moments later the clouds had parted and the light shone through. The world once again seemed manageable.(举个例子，我的一个学生最近告诉我他遇到了一个小小的个人危机。我说什么也无法让他摆脱绝望的泥潭，于是我采取了行动。我带他去当地的披萨店，看着他吃披萨。不一会儿，云开雾散，阳光透了过来。世界似乎又变得可以掌控了)”讲述了与一个学生分享披萨的故事。由此可知，作者是通过三个不同的故事来支持文章最后的观点“To appropriate a well-worked saying, a slice of pizza is sometimes worth a thousand words of comfort.(套用一句老话来说，有时候，一片披萨胜过千言万语的安慰)”。 39．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段“To appropriate a well-worked saying, a slice of pizza is sometimes worth a thousand words of comfort.(套用一句老话来说，有时候，一片披萨胜过千言万语的安慰)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者通过给孩子和自己学生吃披萨的方式，帮助他们缓解悲伤情绪，体现了简单行动的巨大力量。故D项“A simple gesture speaks louder than well-versed speeches.(一个简单的举动胜过精心准备的言辞)”与文章主旨相符。 (B) United Nations      Careers Home The UN Workforce Pay and Benefits Career ourneys Career Options How to Apply Apply Now Home > How To Apply Application Process Creating Your Job Application FAQs on preparing your Application Q: Should I target my Application to a specific Job Opening (JO)? A: Yes. Naturally, a customized cover note will also help you focus on the key aspects of your Application that relate to the JO, but it is also in your interest to target the Application according to the responsibilities and competencies of the position. Q: What’s the difference between duties and achievements? A: Duties describe the specific responsibilities of your job. They accurately reflect what you are doing or have done in each of your previous jobs. In other words, it is the “what you do” of your job. Achievements describe in specific terms “how well” you did in your job. Q: Many of my achievements are team-based. How do I draft them in my Application? A: You should include your team-based achievements in your Application. Indicate that you were part of a team, and describe your specific role in reaching the goal. FAQs on general Application guidelines Q: Can I save my Application? A: Yes. You should save your Application when you make changes and/or update it. It is recommended that you save different versions of your Application in Word format and then edit the Application online according to the post for which you are applying. Q: Can I update my Application to apply for a new JO? A: Yes. Each time you apply for a new JO, we recommend that you review your Application and update it, if appropriate, or target it to better reflect your suitability for the new Jo. Your updates will not affect the content of Applications previously submitted against other JOs. Q: Must I use up all the available characters in each section of my Application? A: No. In fact, doing so may result in an unnecessary lengthy Application. Unless you have an enormous range of experiences, there is no reason to use up all the space given. Applicants are encouraged to list their duties and achievements in a clear and brief manner. Application Tips At Your interview What we look for Information about tests, assessments and exams Warning-Confidence Schemes and Scams-Employment Matters 40．Which of the following descriptions best shows your achievements? A．I’ve developed various interests, ranging from oil painting to designing model. B．I succeeded in directing a video presentation, assisting our group to win the first prize. C．I’m in charge of the clearance, production and distribution of information material. D．I’m good at creating proposals for new product ideas aimed at a specific market. 41．If you want to apply for another JO, you’d better________. A．update your application to match new requirements B．save your latest application in Word format C．prepare one application with all your competencies D．target your focus on your interest in the JO 42．Applicants are expected to ________ in their applications. A．introduce what JOs they have previously applied to B．list the greatest achievements they have made in detail C．provide the results of their tests, assessments and examinations D．give key information about their experiences and achievements 【答案】40．B 41．A 42．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章以问答形式介绍了联合国求职申请中的常见问题。 【详解】40．推理判断题。根据“Q: What’s the difference between duties and achievements?”部分中“Achievements describe in specific terms “how well” you did in your job.(成就用具体的术语描述你在工作中“做得有多好”)”以及“Q: Many of my achievements are team-based. How do I draft them in my Application?”部分中“Indicate that you were part of a team, and describe your specific role in reaching the goal.(表明你是团队的一员，并描述你在达成目标中的具体角色)”可知，最能体现成就的描述应包含具体的表现以及个人在团队中的贡献。选项B“I succeeded in directing a video presentation, assisting our group to win the first prize.(我成功执导了一个视频展示，帮助我们组赢得了第一名)”具体说明了个人角色(执导)和成果(赢得第一名)，符合成就的描述。故选B项。 41．细节理解题。根据“Q: Can I update my Application to apply for a new JO?”部分中“Each time you apply for a new JO, we recommend that you review your Application and update it, if appropriate, or target it to better reflect your suitability for the new JO.(每次申请新的职位空缺时，我们建议你审查并适当更新你的申请，或使其更有针对性地体现你与新职位的匹配度)”可知，申请另一个职位时，最好更新申请以匹配新的要求。故选A项。 42．细节理解题。根据“Q: Must I use up all the available characters in each section of my Application?”部分中“Unless you have an enormous range of experiences, there is no reason to use up all the space given. Applicants are encouraged to list their duties and achievements in a clear and brief manner.(除非你有极其广泛的经验，否则没有理由用尽所有空间。鼓励申请人以清晰简洁的方式列出他们的职责和成就)”可知，申请人应在申请中简要提供关于他们经历和成就的关键信息。故选D项。 (C) We’ve put reacting on autopilot. We pounce, panic, and intensify distress rather than pause and regulate. A teenager plunges when a selfie doesn’t get enough likes; a parent assumes their career is at risk after one critical email. These quick outbursts reflect what I have termed an “overreaction epidemic”: small triggers snowball into outsize emotional responses. Predictably, the response to this idea has been extreme. After I wrote about this topic, thousands of people messaged me. Many accused me of being tone-deaf, arguing I was asking people to “calm down” while global tensions rise or climate disasters grow. “Imagine the layers of privilege it takes to deceive people into thinking they are overreacting,” one critic stated. Others pushed back in the opposite direction, insisting that given the state of the world, we are actually “underreacting”. All these perspectives hold truth. However, the solution to the overreaction epidemic is emotion regulation — a concept that is often misunderstood. Emotion regulation is a set of intentional skills for managing feelings wisely. At its core, it is about choosing responses that reflect our goals and values. Clearly, the word “overreaction” can be a trigger point. For many, it signals dismissal, as if I were saying “Your fear is invalid.” That is not my message. Fear, anger, and grief are appropriate responses to real crises. The problem arises when emotions run unchecked. We erupt in anger, drown in negative feeds until 2 a.m., or paralyze ourselves with despair. Over time, we burn out before we can meaningfully act. Many people hear “regulate” and think “contain”. They imagine some kind of emotion police telling us what we may not feel. But regulation isn’t about obedience; it’s about power. It is about deciding how to use our emotions so they fuel action rather than hijack it. Take anger, for example. Anger is not a problem to be eliminated; it is crucial data telling us our moral code is being violated. However, anger without direction is like a wildfire. It burns hot and fast, then leaves nothing but ashes. With emotion regulation, that same anger becomes a steady flame — a force that warms, guides, and endures. Civil rights leaders didn’t succeed because they lacked rage; they succeeded because they learned to channel it without being consumed. Furthermore, we almost never regulate alone. We shape one another’s states all day long, a process called co-regulation. Think of the teacher who calms a nervous child, or the friend who listens with empathy. These small acts are the fabric of resilience. Conversely, dismissing or escalating someone else’s feelings is also a form of co-regulation — just the unhealthy kind. Movements endure only when people create microclimates of safety and trust. We live in an era of rising uncertainty and mounting challenges. No one is suggesting we look away. But living in constant panic will not save us. Emotion regulation doesn’t tell us to ignore crises. It equips us to face them without losing ourselves — or one another — in the process. The world doesn’t need less passion. It needs passion that lasts. 43．Why did the author’s previous writing on the “overreaction epidemic” cause strong criticism from readers? A．Readers felt his advice was scientifically inaccurate and lacked evidence. B．Critics believed he was dismissing the justification of their reactions to real crises. C．People argued overreacting was the most effective way to solve social problems. D．He was accused of encouraging people to express their anger too aggressively. 44．What point does the author intend to make by comparing regulated anger to a “steady flame”? A．Anger is a destructive force that must be extinguished immediately. B．Stable expression of anger demands specialized techniques for communication. C．Regulated emotions provide a sustainable source of energy for long-term action. D．Civil rights leaders succeeded because they had less rage than people do today. 45．The concept of “co-regulation” refers to ________. A．a mutual process where individuals influence each other’s emotional states B．a technique used exclusively by teachers to calm nervous students C．the tendency of society to collectively ignore uncomfortable truths D．the individual’s capacity to manage emotions independently 46．The best title of the passage is ________. A．The Global Rise of Overreaction and Its Critics B．How Co-regulation Shapes Our Emotional Lives C．Controlling Emotions: A Misguided Approach to Crisis D．From Overreaction to Regulation: Mastering Emotional Responses 【答案】43．B 44．C 45．A 46．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者提出“过度反应流行病”现象并回应读者批评，阐释情绪调节并非压抑情绪而是理性利用，还介绍了相互影响的共同调节，指出其能让人理性面对危机，让热情更持久。 【详解】43．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Many accused me of being tone-deaf, arguing I was asking people to “calm down” while global tensions rise or climate disasters grow. “Imagine the layers of privilege it takes to deceive people into thinking they are overreacting,” one critic stated.(许多人指责我缺乏共鸣，他们认为我要求人们“冷静下来”，而全球局势却在恶化，气候灾难也在增多。一位批评者表示：“想象一下，要欺骗人们相信他们过度反应是多么需要各种特权啊。”)”以及第四段中“Clearly, the word “overreaction” can be a trigger point. For many, it signals dismissal, as if I were saying “Your fear is invalid.”(显然，“过度反应”这个词可能会成为触发点。对许多人来说，它意味着否定和拒绝，仿佛是在说“你的恐惧是不合理的。”)”可推知，作者此前写“过度反应流行病”遭强烈批评，核心原因是读者认为作者的表述否定了他们对现实危机（全球紧张、气候灾难）产生情绪反应的合理性，觉得作者在无视他们的真实感受，认为其情绪是“无效的”。故选B项。 44．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“With emotion regulation, that same anger becomes a steady flame — a force that warms, guides, and endures. Civil rights leaders didn’t succeed because they lacked rage; they succeeded because they learned to channel it without being consumed.( 通过情绪调控，同样的愤怒会变成稳定的火焰——一种能温暖、引导并持久存在的力量。民权领袖之所以成功，并不是因为他们缺乏愤怒；而是因为他们学会了如何不被愤怒吞噬地将其引导出来)”可推知，作者通过将受控制的愤怒比作“稳定的火焰”想要表达受控的情绪为长期行动提供了可持续的能量来源。故选C项。 45．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Furthermore, we almost never  regulate alone. We shape one another’s states all day long, a process  called co-regulation. Think of the teacher who calms a nervous child, or  the friend who listens with empathy. These small acts are the fabric of  resilience. Conversely, dismissing or escalating someone else’s  feelings is also a form of co-regulation — just the unhealthy kind.(此外，我们几乎从不独自进行调节。我们每天都在相互影响着彼此的状态，这个过程被称为共同调节。想想那位安抚紧张孩子的老师，或者那位能以同理心倾听的朋友。这些小小的举动构成了韧性的重要组成部分。相反，忽视或加剧他人的情绪也是一种形式的共同调节——只不过是一种不健康的调节方式)”可知，“共同调节”这一概念指的是一种个体间相互影响彼此情绪状态的过程。故选A项。 46．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者提出“过度反应流行病” 现象并回应读者批评，阐释情绪调节并非压抑情绪而是理性利用，还介绍了相互影响的共同调节，指出其能让人理性面对危机，让热情更持久。核心主旨是从“过度反应”的问题出发，阐释“情绪调节”的真正含义、价值和形式，引导人们掌握情绪反应的方式。由此可知，这篇文章的最佳标题是“过度反应到调节：掌控情绪反应”。故选D项。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Super-white Paint Reflect 95.5% of Sunlight to Cool Buildings Researchers from Purdue University have developed a new white paint that can reflect over 95 percent of sunlight, which can cool the surface even lower than the ambient temperature — the temperature of the surrounding area. Painted on a building, the new paint could help cut cooling costs and energy use. It’s a basic fact of physics that white surfaces and objects reflect more light, and therefore remain cooler. 47 . After all, air conditioning is one of the biggest consumers of energy in the summer months, and studies suggest that painting buildings white can cool entire cities. Many different radiative cooling paints have been developed over the years, reflecting sunlight using glass, Teflon or, most commonly, titanium dioxide (钛), but they all have their drawbacks. 48 . Instead of titanium dioxide, they used calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) fillers, which are much more abundant, cheaper, and absorb less UV light, so they stay cooler. In total, the new radiative cooling paint can reflect 95.5 percent of the light that strikes it. That’s better than many of the other paints in development, which manage between 80 and 90 percent, although it falls short of the record holder-the Teflon coating, which reflects 98 percent of light. The team tested the new coating outdoors over two days, and showed that under direct sun it remained 1.7°C cooler than the ambient temperature, exhibiting a cooling power of 37 W/m². At night, the paint dropped to 10°C below the ambient temperature. In another set of tests, the researchers painted some parts of a pattern with the new paint, and others with a regular white paint of the same thickness. 49 . The team says that the new paint could not only help cool buildings, but prevent outdoor electrical systems from overheating. 50 . “Our paint is compatible with the manufacturing process of commercial paint, and the cost may be comparable or even lower.” says Ruan, an author of the study. “The key is to ensure the reliability of the paint so that it can be used in long-term outdoor applications.” A．But to ensure that it is commercially useful, the researchers next plan to investigate how well it lasts out in the elements. B．Developing the plant was a multi-year process involving a lot of testing of different colors. C．For the new study, the Purdue researchers developed a new method. D．The radiative cooling paint could help cool down houses, cars and even the planet. E．Theoretically, that could be used to help keep buildings cool. F．Using a special camera, they could see the pattern clearly, thanks to the difference in temperature between the two materials. 【答案】47．E 48．C 49．F 50．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国普渡大学研究人员开发的一种新型超白涂料，该涂料能反射95.5%的太阳光，使表面温度低于环境温度，有望用于建筑降温、降低空调能耗。 【详解】47．上文“It’s a basic fact of physics that white surfaces and objects reflect more light, and therefore remain cooler.(白色表面和物体反射更多光线，因此保持更凉爽，这是一个基本的物理事实)”提出白色表面反射光线的物理原理，E选项“Theoretically, that could be used to help keep buildings cool.(从理论上讲，这可以用来帮助建筑物保持凉爽)”承接上文，指出该原理可应用于建筑降温，其中“that”指代上文提到的物理事实；下文“After all, air conditioning is one of the biggest consumers of energy in the summer months, and studies suggest that painting buildings white can cool entire cities.(毕竟，空调是夏季最大的能源消耗者之一，研究表明将建筑物刷成白色可以为整个城市降温)”进一步解释建筑降温的意义和应用效果，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。 48．上文“Many different radiative cooling paints have been developed over the years, reflecting sunlight using glass, Teflon or, most commonly, titanium dioxide (钛), but they all have their drawbacks.(多年来，人们已经开发出许多不同的辐射冷却涂料，使用玻璃、特氟龙或者最常见的二氧化钛来反射阳光，但它们都有各自的缺点)”指出现有涂料存在缺陷，C选项“For the new study, the Purdue researchers developed a new method.(在这项新研究中，普渡大学的研究人员开发了一种新方法)”与上文构成转折，引出研究人员的新方案；下文“Instead of titanium dioxide, they used calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) fillers, which are much more abundant, cheaper, and absorb less UV light, so they stay cooler.(他们没有使用二氧化钛，而是使用了碳酸钙填料，这种填料更丰富、更便宜，吸收的紫外线更少，因此能保持更凉爽)”具体说明新方法的内容，上下文逻辑一致。故选C项。 49．上文“In another set of tests, the researchers painted some parts of a pattern with the new paint, and others with a regular white paint of the same thickness.(在另一组测试中，研究人员用新型涂料涂覆了图案的某些部分，而用相同厚度的普通白色涂料涂覆了其他部分)”描述了对比测试的设置，F选项“Using a special camera, they could see the pattern clearly, thanks to the difference in temperature between the two materials.(使用特殊的相机，由于两种材料之间的温差，他们可以清晰地看到图案)”承接上文，说明测试中观察结果的方式——通过温差成像，其中“the pattern”与上文的“a pattern”相呼应，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。 50．上文“The team says that the new paint could not only help cool buildings, but prevent outdoor electrical systems from overheating.(研究团队表示，新型涂料不仅可以帮助建筑物降温，还可以防止室外电气系统过热)”介绍了涂料的潜在应用，A选项“But to ensure that it is commercially useful, the researchers next plan to investigate how well it lasts out in the elements.(但为了确保它具有商业用途，研究人员下一步计划研究它在自然环境中的耐久性)”与上文构成转折，指出从实验室走向商业应用还需解决的问题；下文“Our paint is compatible with the manufacturing process of commercial paint, and the cost may be comparable or even lower.(我们的涂料与商业涂料的制造工艺兼容，成本可能相当甚至更低)和“The key is to ensure the reliability of the paint so that it can be used in long-term outdoor applications.(关键是确保涂料的可靠性，使其能够用于长期的户外应用)”进一步说明涂料的商业化潜力和下一步研究重点，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。 IV. Summary Writing 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Kids Losing Fine Motor Skills? Amy Hornbeck can tell something is off the moment her students step into the classroom. Once, kids arrived with pockets full of rocks and items collected during outdoor adventures. Now, they come with their eyes glued to a screen. And it shows: they can’t zip their coats, turn the pages of a book, or even hold a spoon properly. Today’s children are losing critical fine motor skills—the small, precise movements required to tie a shoelace, write with a pen, or build a tower. Here’s what parents need to know. Time spent on screens—whether phones, tablets, eBooks, or TV—all adds up to time kids aren’t crafting, drawing, and building. While learning math or creating digital art can be educational, it doesn’t develop the fine motor control that comes from writing, cutting, or coloring. Hornbeck adds that kids’ decreasing ability to focus on a task, especially one requiring effort, is a key contributor to declining fine motor skills. Take puzzles, for example. Completing one involves strategy, flipping pieces, and trial and error. But Hornbeck says, “A lot of kids simply say, ‘Nope.’ They’re used to playing on a computer, which spins the piece for you.” She adds, “Tablets provide a lot more immediate support than is available in real life.” Convenience in parenting has also impacted skill development, says Hornbeck. Elastic pants without zippers or buttons save time on busy mornings, and pre-packaged snacks eliminate mess — but these shortcuts deprive kids of opportunities to practice zipping, buttoning, or using tools. Hornbeck suggests parents get children off their screens. Also, parents should look for opportunities to challenge their children and insert fine motor activities into daily tasks, such as cutting coupons or cooking together, looking for stones on the way to school, pouring cups, and squeezing sponges in the bath, etc. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Fine motor skills, small and precise movements, are being lost by children. More screen time means less time to develop the skills. Also, digital devices’ immediate support makes kids focus less on effort-requiring tasks, causing skills to decline. Finally, convenience in parenting prevents the skill development. Parents should divert kids from screens and integrate fine motor activities into daily tasks. (60 words) 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了当代儿童因过度依赖电子设备、缺乏实践机会及家长过度便利化养育，导致精细动作技能（如系鞋带、书写）显著退化，并提出通过减少屏幕时间、增加日常手工活动来改善这一问题。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Today’s children are losing critical fine motor skills—the small, precise movements required to tie a shoelace, write with a pen, or build a tower. ②Time spent on screens—whether phones, tablets, eBooks, or TV—all adds up to time kids aren’t crafting, drawing, and building. ③Hornbeck adds that kids’ decreasing ability to focus on a task, especially one requiring effort, is a key contributor to declining fine motor skills. ④Convenience in parenting has also impacted skill development, says Hornbeck. ⑤Hornbeck suggests parents get children off their screens. ⑥Also, parents should look for opportunities to challenge their children and insert fine motor activities into daily tasks, such as cutting coupons or cooking together, looking for stones on the way to school, pouring cups, and squeezing sponges in the bath, etc. 2.缜密构思 将要点①进行概括，②③④进行重组，将要点⑤⑥进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Children are losing critical fine motor skills. Time spent on screens doesn’t develop the fine motor control. Kids’ decreasing ability to focus on a task is a key contributor to declining fine motor skills. Convenience in parenting has also impacted skill development. Parents should get children off their screens and look for opportunities to challenge their children and insert fine motor activities into daily tasks. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 More screen time means less time to develop the skills. (运用了动词不定式作后置定语，对第二段内容进行了简明扼要地概括) 【高分句型2】Also, digital devices’ immediate support makes kids focus less on effort-requiring tasks, causing skills to decline. (运用了现在分词作结果状语，对第三段内容进行了简明扼要地概括) V. Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 52．展览中屹立的珍石，千姿百态，恰似上海的城市风貌。 （as…as） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The rare stones standing in the exhibition are as diverse in posture as the urban landscape of Shanghai. 【详解】考查固定句型和现在分词。根据句意，该句描述客观事实，使用一般现在时。表示“珍石”为rare stones，“展览中屹立的”为现在分词短语standing in the exhibition作后置定语修饰名词stones，所以表示“展览中屹立的珍石”为the rare stones standing in the exhibition，作主语，位于句首单词首字母需大写；谓语应为be动词，主语为名词复数形式，所以be动词为are；表示“恰似”使用as...as结构，表示“千姿百态”理解为“在姿态上多样”可译为diverse in posture，表示“恰似上海的城市风貌”为the urban landscape of Shanghai，即as后的比较对象，所以“恰似上海的城市风貌”可译为as diverse in posture as the urban landscape of Shanghai。故翻译为The rare stones standing in the exhibition are as diverse in posture as the urban landscape of Shanghai. 53．这个昔日闭塞的村落大力发展生态旅游，希望能成为游客们趋之若鹜的所在。 (so that) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The once-isolated village vigorously developed eco-tourism so that it would become a place which tourists flock to. 【详解】考查形容词、副词、时态、状语从句和定语从句。“这个昔日闭塞的村落大力发展生态旅游”是主句，主语“这个昔日闭塞的村落”译为“The once-isolated village”，其中“once-isolated”是复合形容词，意为“昔日闭塞的”，作定语，“大力发展”译为“vigorously develop”，讲述过去的事情，谓语动词develop用一般过去时态“developed”，宾语“生态旅游”译为“eco-tourism”；“希望能成为游客们趋之若鹜的所在”是目的，可处理为提示词“so that”引导的目的状语从句，补充从句主语“it”，谓语“成为”用动词“become”，描述在过去希望将来会发生的事情，用过去将来时态“would become”，宾语“游客们趋之若鹜的所在”译为“a place which tourists flock to”，其中“which tourists flock to”是定语从句，修饰先行词a place。综上，全句译为：The once-isolated village vigorously developed eco-tourism so that it would become a place which tourists flock to. 54．该选手的机智及开阔的知识面使评委们大为惊异，他们一致同意他为冠军获得者。 (So…) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】So amazed were the judges at the wisdom and wide knowledge of the contestant that they all agreed that he would be the champion. / be the winner./ win the championship. 【详解】考查状语从句和倒装。根据句意和提示词可知，此句可用so…that（如此……以至于）引导的结果状语从句，本句可用倒装句式，将so提至句首，时态应用一般过去式，对……惊奇（be amazed at）。故本句翻译为：So amazed were the judges at the wisdom and wide knowledge of the contestant that they all agreed that he would be the champion. / be the winner./ win the championship. 55．不管我们离家乡有多遥远，吃到从小就吃的家常菜总能触动我们的心弦。(identify) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】No matter how faraway we are from our hometown, eating the home-cooked dishes we’ve been eating since childhood can always make us identify with them. 【详解】考查让步状语从句、固定短语和时态。“不管我们离家乡有多遥远”是让步状语从句，可用no matter how引导该从句，“遥远的”用faraway，从句主语“我们”用人称代词we，“离家乡”作地点状语，用介词短语from our hometown，一般现在时，译为no matter how faraway we are from our hometown；“吃到从小就吃的家常菜总能触动我们的心弦”是主句，identify with (和……有同感)，主语“吃到从小就吃的家常菜”用动名词短语“eating the home cooked dishes we’ve been eating since childhood表示，其中we’ve been eating since childhood是定语从句（关系代词that/which替代先行词the home cooked dishes在从句中作宾语，可省略关系代词）作后置定语，用现在完成进行时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作，“总能”用情态动词和副词can always表示，谓语部分“触动我们的心弦”可理解为“让我们与之产生共鸣”，“让我们”用使役动词make和宾语us表示，情态动词后谓语动词make用原形，“与之产生共鸣”用动词短语identify with them表示。综上，全句译为：No matter how faraway we are from our hometown, eating the home-cooked dishes we’ve been eating since childhood can always make us identify with them. VI. Guided Writing (共25分) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学学生李华，学生会正在策划“劳动教育周”活动，现张贴告示如下，向全体学生征求意见。请你给学生会写一封信，内容包括： 1．你的选择（方案A还是方案B）； 2．说明选择理由（若选择方案B，请明确替换哪一项活动并说明理由）。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Student Union, I am Li Hua from Mingqi High School. Learning that you are collecting opinions on the Labor Education Week, I would like to choose Option B. I suggest replacing Growing flowers for a local hospital with the new activity “A Day in a Job” Shadowing. The current three activities are meaningful, but the shadowing experience can bring us practical career awareness, which is rarely covered in classes. By observing a real profession, we can understand the value of different jobs, develop a respectful attitude toward labor, and prepare better for our future life. Community Garden Volunteering and Creative Upcycling Contest can fully develop our hands-on skills. Adding the job-shadowing activity will make the whole education more comprehensive. I believe this change will make the week more inspiring and beneficial. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。学生会正在策划“劳动教育周”活动，现张贴告示向全体学生征求意见。要求考生以李华的名义给学生会写一封信，表明自己的选择，并说明理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 选择：choose→select/opt for 建议：suggest→propose 不同的：different→diverse 培养：develop→cultivate 2.句式拓展 句型转换 原句：The current three activities are meaningful, but the shadowing experience can bring us practical career awareness, which is rarely covered in classes. 拓展句：Meaningful as the current three activities are, the shadowing experience can bring us practical career awareness, which is rarely covered in classes. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Learning that you are collecting opinions on the Labor Education Week, I would like to choose Option B.（运用了现在分词learning作状语和that引导宾语从句） 【高分句型2】The current three activities are meaningful, but the shadowing experience can bring us practical career awareness , which is rarely covered in classes. （运用了which引导非限制性定语从句） 试卷第20页，共25页 试卷第1页，共25页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027年高考一轮复习调研卷（上海卷01） 英语·考试版 （笔试部分） II. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Be yourself — everyone else is taken In one of my favorite studies on the meaning in life, students were divided into three groups: one wrote about their “true self,” another about their “everyday self,” and the third about the campus bookstore. They then rated their sense of life meaning. The researchers were interested in 1 ________ detail the participants provided in their various essays, their assumption being that the more detailed a description one provides about one’s true self, the more likely one is 2 (get) authentically in touch with that sense of self. Not surprisingly, for those who wrote about their everyday self or the campus bookstore, the level of detail showed no relation to their sense of life meaning. Yet among those who wrote about their true selves, greater essay detail correlated with a stronger experience of life meaning. The empirical (实证) research backs up 3 philosophers proposed decades ago: There is great value in being able to live authentically and with oneself, and such self-actualization can make our lives feel truly worth 4 (live). As the late philosopher Lawrence Becker proclaimed, “Autonomous human lives have a dignity that is immeasurable, incommensurable, infinite, beyond price.” This theoretical insight is backed up by recent empirical research in self-determination theory, which has argued forcefully that autonomy is a fundamental human need, the satisfaction of   5 is important for our psychological growth, integrity and well-being. As our body needs food and water for its wellness and health, so our mind needs a few basic psychosocial experiences for its wellness and health — and among these needs, autonomy stands tall. 6 _________the need for autonomy is built into the human motivational system, it is no wonder that we find something inherently worthy and 7 (fulfill) in being able to live authentically. Basic psychological needs provide a robust foundation for where to find meaning in life. And what 8 (apply) to whole lives is true also for individual tasks. In my studies, I have shown how having autonomy at work is one of the key qualities that makes work meaningful. While much of life’s meaning derives from human connection, one cannot truly connect with others 9 first being in touch with oneself; otherwise, it is not the genuine self but a hollow persona (人格面具) that engages with others. Only by understanding one’s identity and origins 10 one begin to relate to others authentically. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．erosion    B．justifications    C． materialized    D．nature    E. generational F. capacity    G. confined    H. reversed    I. structural    J. unrecognizable K. translated The Myth of Linguistic Decline Linguistic decline is the cultural equivalent of the boy who cried wolf, except the wolf never turns up. Perhaps this is why, even though the idea that language is going to the dogs is widespread, nothing much has been done to address it: it’s a powerful intuition, but the evidence of its effects has simply never 11 . That is because it is unscientific nonsense. There is no such thing as linguistic decline, so far as the expressive 12 of the spoken or written word is concerned. We need not fear a breakdown in communication. Our language will always be as flexible and sophisticated as it has been up to now. Those who warn about the deterioration of English haven’t learned about the history of the language, and don’t understand the 13 of their own complaints — which are simply statements of preference for the way of doing things they have become used to. The 14 of language to the point that “ultimately, no doubt, we shall communicate with a series of grunts” (as some would say) will not, cannot, happen. The clearest evidence for this is that warnings about the deterioration of English have been around for a very long time. Many famous writers, across a span of hundreds of years, had moaned about the decline of language standards. Yet the period also encompasses some of the greatest works of English literature. And deep concerns over linguistic standards are not 15 to English only. The fate of every language in the world has been mourned by its native speakers at one point or another. The hard truth is that English, like all other languages, is constantly evolving. It is the speed of the change, within our own short lives, that creates the illusion of decline. Because change is often 16 , older speakers recognize that the norms they grew up with are falling away, replaced with new ones they are not as comfortable using. This cognitive difficulty doesn’t feel good: and the bad feelings are 17 into criticism and complaint. We tend to find intellectual 18 for our personal preferences, whatever their motivation. If we lived for hundreds of years, we would be able to see the bigger picture. Because when you zoom out, you can appreciate that language change is not just a question of slovenliness (邋遢): it happens at every level, from the superficial to the 19 . Any given language is significantly reconfigured (重新配置) over the centuries, to the extent that it becomes totally 20 . But, as with complex systems in the natural world, there is often a kind of homeostasis: simplification in one area can lead to greater complexity in another. What stays the same is the communicative power of the language. You can always say what needs to be said. III. Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Sufficient research has shown that when people believe that their managers are truly listening to their ideas and concerns, work relationships grow stronger, engagement rises, and performance improves. That’s why bosses have regular one-on-ones with their 21 reports, and new division heads go on listening tours. However, studies also show that such practices often are 22 — in part because many managers simply aren’t good listeners. When we conducted a comprehensive review of 117 academic papers on workplace listening, we found that this skill is far easier to describe than to 23 . Why? Because listening is an 24 activity that requires empathy, patience, and the ability to respond to what you hear. And because it can be so 25 demanding, particularly when the subject matter is complex or emotionally charged, people often take shortcuts. Take Google’s all-company Friday meetings. For years these were weekly open forums (讨论会) where company leaders would share 26 , discuss strategic developments, and take questions from employees. They played a critical role in maintaining a culture of 27 at the company. As Laszlo Bock, Google’s former vice president of people operations, once explained, they 28 “everything from whether the mix of food in the cafes is too healthy to really significant questions around whether our strategy with a particular country or product is good or evil.” 29 , in 2019 Sundar Pichai, Google’s CEO, decided that the meetings were no longer working. Employees wanted to talk about controversial issues like the company’s handling of hate speech, and discussions were often 30 to the press. Pichai made them less regular and changed their 31 . It seems that listening to everyone had gotten too difficult. Similar situations have played out at Activision Blizzard, where an attempt to address misconduct claims during a company town hall led to a massive strike, with workers complaining that leaders were 32 rather than meaningfully addressing their concerns, and at Amazon, where employees said that a daily survey designed to evaluate staff well-being was being prejudiced by managers’ direct pressure to give 33 answers and by worries that responses wouldn’t be kept privately protected. Listening without 34 action or explanation leads employees to believe their efforts — and yours — have been pointless. There is a fix for this: Always complete the communication cycle. Before ending a conversation, restate what you’ve heard, identify the next steps for action, and 35 a timeline for checking back in. That emphasizes forward momentum (势头) and ensures accountability. 21．A．direct B．external C．former D．temporary 22．A．chaotic B．beneficial C．ineffective D．innovative 23．A．document B．debate C．define D．display 24．A．automatic B．adaptive C．instant D．intentional 25．A．mentally B．physically C．financially D．visually 26．A．policies B．updates C．successes D．gossips 27．A．competition B．trust C．excellence D．diversity 28．A．improved B．highlighted C．covered D．transferred 29．A．Therefore B．However C．Similarly D．Alternatively 30．A．leaked B．announced C．recommended D．assigned 31．A．agenda B．duration C．format D．method 32．A．approving B．minimizing C．justifying D．resolving 33．A．honest B．random C．positive D．vague 34．A．dynamic B．periodic C．urgent D．subsequent 35．A．agree on B．comment on C．rule out D．stretch out Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) For me, I was unaware of pizza’s healing value until I had kids. I adopted my older son, Alyosha, in Russia when he was 7. We had a good start. But one day, when he was 8, something didn’t go his way. He was still getting English under his belt, and, having not won in the matter, he announced, “I want to go back to Russia.” I looked on as he walked out the door. Then I caught up and walked alongside him as he made his way down the street. “It’s far,” I told him. He replied, “I walk.” I added, “There’s an ocean between here and Russia.” He responded, “I take a boat.” Finally, I suggested, “How about pizza?” “He responded, OK.” He never made it to Russia. When my second son came along, the waters of his life with me were roiled in his sixth year, when he wanted to play with a 5-year-old girl in a neighbor’s family. One cold, dark evening, he intended to visit Diana against my wishes. I had quite a time locating him, but I eventually found him standing on a traffic island, tears coursing down his cheeks because he couldn’t figure out how to navigate the crossing. I threw a jacket around him and gathered him into my arms. “How about pizza?” He wiped his tears on his sleeve and sniffed, “OK.” A short while later his persistence was eased by the sweet taste of pizza. Both of these adventures suggested the enduring value of what I call “the pizza cure”. Its beauty lies in its simplicity. By way of example, one of my students recently told a minor personal crisis to me. Nothing I said could pull him out of his marsh of hopelessness, so I acted. I took him to a local pizza joint and watched as he tucked into a pizza. Moments later the clouds had parted and the light shone through. The world once again seemed manageable. To appropriate a well-worked saying, a slice of pizza is sometimes worth a thousand words of comfort. 36．Why did Alyosha want to go back to Russia? A．He was forced to learn English and didn’t want to. B．He didn’t win an award for English at school. C．His learning English was not going well. D．He missed Russia his home country a lot. 37．What does the underlined word “roiled” in the 4th paragraph mean? A．mixed. B．upset. C．quieted. D．lifted. 38．How does the author support the main idea of the passage? A．With three different stories. B．With two stories and one example of subsequent outcomes. C．By arguing with causal analysis. D．By demonstrating various effects of a single action. 39．Which statement is the closest equivalent of the main idea of the passage? A．Just be there for your children, say nothing, and watch. B．Grief and love are inseparable in our lives. C．Lost in sadness, we need others on our way to healing. D．A simple gesture speaks louder than well-versed speeches. (B) United Nations      Careers Home The UN Workforce Pay and Benefits Career ourneys Career Options How to Apply Apply Now Home > How To Apply Application Process Creating Your Job Application FAQs on preparing your Application Q: Should I target my Application to a specific Job Opening (JO)? A: Yes. Naturally, a customized cover note will also help you focus on the key aspects of your Application that relate to the JO, but it is also in your interest to target the Application according to the responsibilities and competencies of the position. Q: What’s the difference between duties and achievements? A: Duties describe the specific responsibilities of your job. They accurately reflect what you are doing or have done in each of your previous jobs. In other words, it is the “what you do” of your job. Achievements describe in specific terms “how well” you did in your job. Q: Many of my achievements are team-based. How do I draft them in my Application? A: You should include your team-based achievements in your Application. Indicate that you were part of a team, and describe your specific role in reaching the goal. FAQs on general Application guidelines Q: Can I save my Application? A: Yes. You should save your Application when you make changes and/or update it. It is recommended that you save different versions of your Application in Word format and then edit the Application online according to the post for which you are applying. Q: Can I update my Application to apply for a new JO? A: Yes. Each time you apply for a new JO, we recommend that you review your Application and update it, if appropriate, or target it to better reflect your suitability for the new Jo. Your updates will not affect the content of Applications previously submitted against other JOs. Q: Must I use up all the available characters in each section of my Application? A: No. In fact, doing so may result in an unnecessary lengthy Application. Unless you have an enormous range of experiences, there is no reason to use up all the space given. Applicants are encouraged to list their duties and achievements in a clear and brief manner. Application Tips At Your interview What we look for Information about tests, assessments and exams Warning-Confidence Schemes and Scams-Employment Matters 40．Which of the following descriptions best shows your achievements? A．I’ve developed various interests, ranging from oil painting to designing model. B．I succeeded in directing a video presentation, assisting our group to win the first prize. C．I’m in charge of the clearance, production and distribution of information material. D．I’m good at creating proposals for new product ideas aimed at a specific market. 41．If you want to apply for another JO, you’d better________. A．update your application to match new requirements B．save your latest application in Word format C．prepare one application with all your competencies D．target your focus on your interest in the JO 42．Applicants are expected to ________ in their applications. A．introduce what JOs they have previously applied to B．list the greatest achievements they have made in detail C．provide the results of their tests, assessments and examinations D．give key information about their experiences and achievements (C) We’ve put reacting on autopilot. We pounce, panic, and intensify distress rather than pause and regulate. A teenager plunges when a selfie doesn’t get enough likes; a parent assumes their career is at risk after one critical email. These quick outbursts reflect what I have termed an “overreaction epidemic”: small triggers snowball into outsize emotional responses. Predictably, the response to this idea has been extreme. After I wrote about this topic, thousands of people messaged me. Many accused me of being tone-deaf, arguing I was asking people to “calm down” while global tensions rise or climate disasters grow. “Imagine the layers of privilege it takes to deceive people into thinking they are overreacting,” one critic stated. Others pushed back in the opposite direction, insisting that given the state of the world, we are actually “underreacting”. All these perspectives hold truth. However, the solution to the overreaction epidemic is emotion regulation — a concept that is often misunderstood. Emotion regulation is a set of intentional skills for managing feelings wisely. At its core, it is about choosing responses that reflect our goals and values. Clearly, the word “overreaction” can be a trigger point. For many, it signals dismissal, as if I were saying “Your fear is invalid.” That is not my message. Fear, anger, and grief are appropriate responses to real crises. The problem arises when emotions run unchecked. We erupt in anger, drown in negative feeds until 2 a.m., or paralyze ourselves with despair. Over time, we burn out before we can meaningfully act. Many people hear “regulate” and think “contain”. They imagine some kind of emotion police telling us what we may not feel. But regulation isn’t about obedience; it’s about power. It is about deciding how to use our emotions so they fuel action rather than hijack it. Take anger, for example. Anger is not a problem to be eliminated; it is crucial data telling us our moral code is being violated. However, anger without direction is like a wildfire. It burns hot and fast, then leaves nothing but ashes. With emotion regulation, that same anger becomes a steady flame — a force that warms, guides, and endures. Civil rights leaders didn’t succeed because they lacked rage; they succeeded because they learned to channel it without being consumed. Furthermore, we almost never regulate alone. We shape one another’s states all day long, a process called co-regulation. Think of the teacher who calms a nervous child, or the friend who listens with empathy. These small acts are the fabric of resilience. Conversely, dismissing or escalating someone else’s feelings is also a form of co-regulation — just the unhealthy kind. Movements endure only when people create microclimates of safety and trust. We live in an era of rising uncertainty and mounting challenges. No one is suggesting we look away. But living in constant panic will not save us. Emotion regulation doesn’t tell us to ignore crises. It equips us to face them without losing ourselves — or one another — in the process. The world doesn’t need less passion. It needs passion that lasts. 43．Why did the author’s previous writing on the “overreaction epidemic” cause strong criticism from readers? A．Readers felt his advice was scientifically inaccurate and lacked evidence. B．Critics believed he was dismissing the justification of their reactions to real crises. C．People argued overreacting was the most effective way to solve social problems. D．He was accused of encouraging people to express their anger too aggressively. 44．What point does the author intend to make by comparing regulated anger to a “steady flame”? A．Anger is a destructive force that must be extinguished immediately. B．Stable expression of anger demands specialized techniques for communication. C．Regulated emotions provide a sustainable source of energy for long-term action. D．Civil rights leaders succeeded because they had less rage than people do today. 45．The concept of “co-regulation” refers to ________. A．a mutual process where individuals influence each other’s emotional states B．a technique used exclusively by teachers to calm nervous students C．the tendency of society to collectively ignore uncomfortable truths D．the individual’s capacity to manage emotions independently 46．The best title of the passage is ________. A．The Global Rise of Overreaction and Its Critics B．How Co-regulation Shapes Our Emotional Lives C．Controlling Emotions: A Misguided Approach to Crisis D．From Overreaction to Regulation: Mastering Emotional Responses Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Super-white Paint Reflect 95.5% of Sunlight to Cool Buildings Researchers from Purdue University have developed a new white paint that can reflect over 95 percent of sunlight, which can cool the surface even lower than the ambient temperature — the temperature of the surrounding area. Painted on a building, the new paint could help cut cooling costs and energy use. It’s a basic fact of physics that white surfaces and objects reflect more light, and therefore remain cooler. 47 . After all, air conditioning is one of the biggest consumers of energy in the summer months, and studies suggest that painting buildings white can cool entire cities. Many different radiative cooling paints have been developed over the years, reflecting sunlight using glass, Teflon or, most commonly, titanium dioxide (钛), but they all have their drawbacks. 48 . Instead of titanium dioxide, they used calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) fillers, which are much more abundant, cheaper, and absorb less UV light, so they stay cooler. In total, the new radiative cooling paint can reflect 95.5 percent of the light that strikes it. That’s better than many of the other paints in development, which manage between 80 and 90 percent, although it falls short of the record holder-the Teflon coating, which reflects 98 percent of light. The team tested the new coating outdoors over two days, and showed that under direct sun it remained 1.7°C cooler than the ambient temperature, exhibiting a cooling power of 37 W/m². At night, the paint dropped to 10°C below the ambient temperature. In another set of tests, the researchers painted some parts of a pattern with the new paint, and others with a regular white paint of the same thickness. 49 . The team says that the new paint could not only help cool buildings, but prevent outdoor electrical systems from overheating. 50 . “Our paint is compatible with the manufacturing process of commercial paint, and the cost may be comparable or even lower.” says Ruan, an author of the study. “The key is to ensure the reliability of the paint so that it can be used in long-term outdoor applications.” A．But to ensure that it is commercially useful, the researchers next plan to investigate how well it lasts out in the elements. B．Developing the plant was a multi-year process involving a lot of testing of different colors. C．For the new study, the Purdue researchers developed a new method. D．The radiative cooling paint could help cool down houses, cars and even the planet. E．Theoretically, that could be used to help keep buildings cool. F．Using a special camera, they could see the pattern clearly, thanks to the difference in temperature between the two materials. IV. Summary Writing 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Kids Losing Fine Motor Skills? Amy Hornbeck can tell something is off the moment her students step into the classroom. Once, kids arrived with pockets full of rocks and items collected during outdoor adventures. Now, they come with their eyes glued to a screen. And it shows: they can’t zip their coats, turn the pages of a book, or even hold a spoon properly. Today’s children are losing critical fine motor skills—the small, precise movements required to tie a shoelace, write with a pen, or build a tower. Here’s what parents need to know. Time spent on screens—whether phones, tablets, eBooks, or TV—all adds up to time kids aren’t crafting, drawing, and building. While learning math or creating digital art can be educational, it doesn’t develop the fine motor control that comes from writing, cutting, or coloring. Hornbeck adds that kids’ decreasing ability to focus on a task, especially one requiring effort, is a key contributor to declining fine motor skills. Take puzzles, for example. Completing one involves strategy, flipping pieces, and trial and error. But Hornbeck says, “A lot of kids simply say, ‘Nope.’ They’re used to playing on a computer, which spins the piece for you.” She adds, “Tablets provide a lot more immediate support than is available in real life.” Convenience in parenting has also impacted skill development, says Hornbeck. Elastic pants without zippers or buttons save time on busy mornings, and pre-packaged snacks eliminate mess — but these shortcuts deprive kids of opportunities to practice zipping, buttoning, or using tools. Hornbeck suggests parents get children off their screens. Also, parents should look for opportunities to challenge their children and insert fine motor activities into daily tasks, such as cutting coupons or cooking together, looking for stones on the way to school, pouring cups, and squeezing sponges in the bath, etc. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 52．展览中屹立的珍石，千姿百态，恰似上海的城市风貌。 （as…as） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 53．这个昔日闭塞的村落大力发展生态旅游，希望能成为游客们趋之若鹜的所在。 (so that) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 54．该选手的机智及开阔的知识面使评委们大为惊异，他们一致同意他为冠军获得者。 (So…) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 55．不管我们离家乡有多遥远，吃到从小就吃的家常菜总能触动我们的心弦。(identify) ____________________________________________________________________________________ VI. Guided Writing (共25分) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学学生李华，学生会正在策划“劳动教育周”活动，现张贴告示如下，向全体学生征求意见。请你给学生会写一封信，内容包括： 1．你的选择（方案A还是方案B）； 2．说明选择理由（若选择方案B，请明确替换哪一项活动并说明理由）。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第12页，共13页 试卷第1页，共13页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027年高考一轮复习调研卷（上海卷01） 英语·解析版 （听力部分） I. Listening Comprehension Section A （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Husband and wife. B. Guest and hostess C. Customer and waitress. D. Boss and employee. 2. A. Watch the program on TV. B. Call the TV station. C. Meet the man at the cat exhibition D. Look for cats with the man. 3. A. Borrow the typewriter. B. Visit the woman. C. Go home soon. D. Read the woman's paper. 4. A. The man. B. Both. C. The woman. D. Neither. 5. A. The books there are too expensive. B. She won't be able to get the book before class. C. The textbook she needs isn't in yet D. She hopes to get a good deal on some second-hand books. 6. A. Take the bus to the airport. B. Meet the Browns at the airport. C. Make a phone call to the Browns. D. Accompany the Browns to the airport 7. A. The woman will have a test B. The man will probably go to the movie. C. The man will have to sit for an exam. D. The woman wishes she could go to class with the man. 8. A. The results haven't come yet. B. The results were checked again last night. C. The woman needs another test tomorrow. D. The doctor hasn't come back from the lab. 9. A. Most neighbors are as noisy as the woman. B. Talking to the neighbors politely might be the best way C. He'd like to know why the woman is angry D. The woman is too polite for her neighbors. 10. A. He needs to buy another umbrella. B. It will rain much later in the week. C. It will probably rain tomorrow. D. The weather forecasters almost never agree. Section B Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages several and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. They used to be unable to listen to public debates. B. They were more patient and sociable then people now. C. They learned from political speeches. D. They used to think in terms of a printed text. 12. A. It makes people get ideas from images, not from written words. B. It has made the public less interested in politics. C. The quality of television programming has declined. D. Political programs on TV are too complex. 13. A. The environmental effects of consumerism. B. How consumer culture has made people unreasonable. C. How television has affected people's thinking ability. D. Television's damage to the environment Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Some children already know how to do it. B. Some children find it more enjoyable than they expected to C. Some children refuse to take part. D. Some children prefer to swim or play table-tennis. 15. A. They seem grateful for their experience here. B. They complain if they cannot phone their parents. C. They miss meal times with their parents. D. The youngest ones find it hard to be away from home. 16. A. They should visit their children instead of phoning them B. They shouldn’t allow their children to bring phones to camp. C. They don`t need to keep on phoning the camp. D. They need to be reminded to phone their children. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Five years. B. Three years C. Four years. D. Six years 18. A. The person who has the strong will. B. The person who has attended the adult school. C. The person who can work at computers quickly after a two-day training. D. The person who can pass the test of arithmetic. 19. A. The man's education. B. A new chance for everyone to be promoted. C. The man's pay raise. D. A career promotion for the man. 20. A. The man is eager to attend the training. B. The person is not very interested in this chance for promotion. C. The man has been training for computer work since last year. D. The man is not confident in his chance to be promoted to the Grade 7. ( 3 / 4 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $