必修第二册 Unit 4 History and Traditions 学习讲义-【名师带你过关】2026-2027学年高考英语一轮复习（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕词汇、句型及写作核心考点，按基础词-词形变化-词组-核心句型-写作应用的逻辑层次展开，通过词能自测、微语境真题训练、考点梳理及方法指导等环节，帮助学生系统构建知识网络，突破高频难点。 资料突出“语境化+分层训练”特色，如词形跃迁模块通过词性转换实战提升语言能力，应用文增分练从完成句子到组句成篇培养思维品质，配合真题实例强化考点对接，助力学生高效提升应考能力，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰路径。

一、词能自测·基础词 1.mansion n. 　　　　　  2.philosophy n. 　　　　　  3.descendant n. 　　　　　  4.heel n. 　　　　　  5.currency n. 　　　　　  6.military adj. 　　　　　  7.landscape n. 　　　　　  8.ancestor n. 　　　　　  9.sensory adj. 　　　　　  10.transition n. 　　　　　  [微语境·小测] 1.(2025·广东佛山一模)The park􀆳s extraordinary 　　　　　　is a testament to the dynamic forces of nature that have shaped it over millions of years.  2.After leaving a government post, Confucius traveled to northern China to teach his 　　　　　　.  3.A lot of evidence suggests that our 　　　　　　began using bamboo for weaving as far back as around 6,000 years ago.  4.(25⁃26·广东潮州高三上期末)It was not just a game; it also served as vital 　　　　　　training to keep soldiers fit and flexible.  5.Cultural heritage preservation lies in striking a delicate balance between conservation of the past and 　　　　　　to the future.   二、词能自测·重点词 1.　　　　　　 adj. 单独的;个别的 n. 个人  2.　　　　　　 adj. 最重要的;最高级别的 n. (公司或机构的)首领;酋长  3.　　　　　　 vt. 占领;征服;控制  4.　　　　　　 n. 战役;搏斗 vi.& vt. 搏斗;奋斗  5.　　　　　　 n. 收费;指控;主管 vt. 收费;控告;充电  6.　　　　　　 n. 金额;数量  7.　　　　　　 n. (艺术作品的)展览馆;画廊  8.　　　　　　 n. 方法;途径;接近 vt. 接近;接洽;着手处理 vi. 靠近  9.　　　　　　 vt. 保证;确保;担保  10.　　　　　　 vi.& n. 吼叫;咆哮  [微语境·小测] 1.More and more public schools in America make it a rule that students must finish a certain 　　　　　　of community service before they are allowed to graduate from high school.   2.Universities have the right and the responsibility to 　　　　　　their courses best equip their students to gain more chances in the job market.  3.He later learned that the shoes originally cost $38, but the owner had only 　　　　　　him two dollars symbolically.  4.(25⁃26·广东广州高三月考)According to a significant study published in the journal Cell, 　　　　　　who are mosquito magnets tend to produce much higher levels of specific types of acids on their skin.  5.(2025·广东一模)Desperate and lost, I wandered aimlessly down a quiet street, trying to hold back tears. A kind⁃looking elderly man noticed my distress (困境) and 　　　　　　me.  三、词形跃迁·变形实战 1.legal adj. 法律的;合法的 →　　　　　　 adj. 不合法的  →　　　　　　 adv. 法律上地  2.location n. 地方;地点;位置 →　　　　　　 vt. 确定……的准确地点;找出……的位置  →　　　　　　 adj. 坐落于;位于  3.generous adj. 慷慨的;大方的;丰富的 →　　　　　　 n. 慷慨;大方  4.eager adj. 热切的;渴望的 →　　　　　　 adv. 热心地;急切地  →　　　　　　 n. 热切;渴望  5.greet vt. 问候;迎接 →　　　　　　 n. 问候;致意  6.custom n. 风俗;习俗;习惯 →　　　　　　 n. 顾客  →　　　　　　 n. 海关  [微语境·小测] 1.(2026·广东模拟预测)　　　　　　 (locate) at the northern end of Hainan, the provincial capital faces the mainland across the Qiongzhou Strait.  2.Products with a best before date can 　　　　　　(legal) be sold after that date, provided the product is still fit for human consumption.  3. (2025·广东广州三模)In the dining hall of Shenzhen University, students 　　　　　(eager) line up for a unique delicacy: rich bowls of black⁃bone chicken soup.  4.A local street food vendor (摊贩)in Jingdezhen city, Jiangxi Province, has drawn large crowds and widespread attention recently, with 　　　　　　(custom) lining up for hours to taste his fried chicken.  5.As far as I am concerned, her 　　　　　　(generous)will help those in need not only realize their dreams but also rebuild faith in life.  四、文词进阶·拓展词库 1.authentic adj. 　　　　　  2.comb vt. 　　　　 n.　　　　　　  3.boast vi.& vt. 　　　　n. 　　　　　　  4.　　　　 adj. 恐惧的;非常害怕的  →　　　　　 vt. 使恐惧;使惊吓  5.　　　　　 vi. 瞥一眼;扫视;浏览 n. 一瞥;扫视  [微语境·小测] 1.Incense (香)　　　　　　 a long history, with its roots in many cultures — ancient China, ancient Egypt, Babylon and beyond.  2.When a person is 　　　　　　, it means that they act in ways that genuinely show how they feel.  3.(2025·安徽一模)Our friend was now dressed in a nice old suit and a wide out⁃of⁃date tie and the thin hair had been carefully 　　　　　　.  4.Our society focuses so much on what is wrong that many forget to 　　　　　　at the positive aspects.  5.Trapped in the dark building for more than 5 hours, the young man looked pale and 　　　　　　.  五、词组攻坚·语境搭链 1.　　　　　 把……和……连接或联结起来  2.　　　　　 属于  3.　　　　　 同(一样也);和;还  4.　　　　　 留心;留意  5.　　　　　 对……有极大影响  [微语境·小测] 1.Body language is not just about expressing feelings, it can also 　　　　　　how a person feels.  2.It seems that every family is now 　　　　　　　　　the world through the Internet.  3.(2025·广东模拟预测)The initial plan that Jake and Lisa had favored wasn􀆳t working 　　　　　　　　expected.  4.If you 　　　　　　, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.  5.They are of the same age, but they seem to 　　　　　　completely different generations.  Part Ⅰ　核心词汇 evidence　n. 证据;证明 The evidence is clear. Adults who get regular physical activity gain lots of health benefits. 证据很明确。经常进行体育锻炼的成年人能获得诸多健康益处。 (1)There is evidence that … 有证据证明…… (2)evident adj. 明显的;明白的 It is evident that … 显然(很明显)…… 汉译英 ①有证据表明,定期阅读能有效拓宽青少年的视野。     ②从她的笑容可以明显看出,她对结果非常满意。     ③只有远离城市灯光,夜空的真正壮丽才完全显现出来。     charge　n. 收费;指控;主管　vt.收费;控告;充电 Thanks to Morrison􀆳s support, over 80 kids participate free of charge each summer for 4 weeks. 得益于莫里森的支持,每年夏天有80多名孩子免费参加为期四周的活动。 (1)free of charge 免费 in charge (of)负责;主管 in the charge (of)由……负责;主管 take charge of 负责;主管 (2)charge sb for sth 因某事/物向某人收费 charge sb with sth 因某事指控某人 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The police decided to charge the suspect 　　　　　　grand theft.  ②My neighbor, a skilled repairman, often helps people fix their broken bikes and never charges them 　　　　　　his service, so he is very popular in our neighborhood.  ③上周六,汤姆负责为无家可归者分发食物。 →Tom 　　　　　　　　　　the food distribution for the homeless people last Saturday.  →Tom 　　　　　　　　　　the food distribution for the homeless people last Saturday.  →The food distribution for the homeless people 　　　　　　　　　　Tom last Saturday.  approach　n. 接近;通道;方法;途径　 vt. 接近;接洽;着手处理　vi.靠近,接近 (2025·浙江卷)A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. 一种新颖的园艺设计方法在全球范围内日益流行。 (1)(an)approach to (to为介词)接近;近似;(做某事的)方法;途径 at the approach of 在……快到的时候 (2)approach sb/sth 靠近/接近某人/物 补全句子 ①Keeping a diary every day 　　　　　　　　　　　　　your written English quickly.  每天写日记是一种能快速提升书面英语水平的实用方法。 ②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, every family in the neighborhood starts to clean the house thoroughly.   春节临近,小区里家家户户都开始彻底打扫屋子。 ③    when the typhoon passed through. 台风过境时,通往这座沿海小镇的所有道路都被倒下的树木堵塞了。 eager　adj. 热切的;渴望的 (2025·重庆模拟)They were eager to know my college choices and career aspirations, but all I could offer were vague answers. 他们急切地想了解我的大学选择和职业抱负,但我只能给出一些模糊的答案。 (1)be eager for … 渴望…… be eager to do sth 渴望做某事 (2)eagerness n. 渴望;热心 单句语法填空 ①The teenagers who visit the aerospace museum are eager 　　　　　　a chance to talk with the experienced astronauts face to face.  ②The volunteers who organized the tree⁃planting activity are eager 　　　　　　 make the desert a green land in ten years.  ③What impressed the master most was the young apprentice􀆳s 　　　　　　　　(eager) to learn the ancient art of carving woodblock prints.  break away (from … )　脱离;背叛;逃脱;甩开 In a world where tech companies often compete to create the next productivity tool, a new device is breaking away from the pack. 在一个科技公司常常竞相打造下一代生产力工具的世界里,一款新设备正脱颖而出。 break down损坏;发生故障;分解;累垮 break into闯入;破门而入 break out(战争)爆发;(火灾)突然发生 break up结束;破裂 单句语法填空 ①Our car broke 　　　　　on the way to the scenic spot, so we had to call for roadside assistance immediately.  ②Because the ice on the lake was too thin, it broke 　　　　　as soon as the children stepped on it.  ③The supermarket was broken　　　　　 last night, but the thieves were caught by the police soon afterwards.  ④Modern farmers are more willing to break away 　　　　　traditional farming methods than those in the past, to improve crop yields.  ⑤A big fire broke 　　　　　in the old town last winter, but luckily no one was injured in the incident.  as well as　同(一样也);和;还;和……一样好 In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self⁃control, just as it boosts problem⁃solving skills in the social as well as the physical world.在人类中,大脑的显著增大增强了自我控制能力,就像它增强了在社会世界和物理世界中的问题解决技能一样。 (1)as well as连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与as well as之前的主语保持人称和数上的一致。 (2)as well意为“也,又”,常放在句尾,相当于too。 单句语法填空 ①My brother as well as his teammates 　　　　　　　　(play) football on the playground every weekend.  ②The Internet has changed the way we communicate 　.  互联网改变了我们的沟通方式,也改变了我们的购物方式。 ③He decided to take part in the competition, 　.  他决定参加比赛,他的弟弟也参加了。 Part Ⅱ　核心句型 if 引导的条件状语从句的省略形式 We made this clay into 3D⁃printed bricks, connecting ancient tradition with novel practice so carbon emissions are the lowest possible, if any.我们将这种黏土制成3D打印砖块,将古老传统与新颖实践相结合,因此即使产生碳排放,也会尽可能降至最低。 if引导的条件状语从句中,经常使用省略形式,常见表达有:if any如果有的话;if so如果是这样的话;if not如果不这样的话;if necessary如果有必要的话;if possible如果可能的话。 汉译英 ①青少年学习一些急救技能,并在必要时用这些技能救人,是很明智的做法。     ②如果可能的话,希望我们能一大早在那儿看日出。     ③图书管理员要求我们,还书时若有损坏的书籍,就进行上报。     have sth done　让某事被做 She had her hair cut at the new salon and looked completely different afterwards. 她在那家新理发店剪了头发,之后看起来判若两人。 　have sth done意为“使某事被做”,动作执行者可以是自己,也可以是他人;有时也表示遭遇某种不幸的事情。 have sb/sth doing sth 让某人/某事持续做某事 have sb do sth 让某人做某事 have sth to do 有某事要做 汉译英 ①我昨天检查了牙齿,牙医说情况良好。     ②刷牙时别让水一直流。     ③我们上个月请人把房子粉刷了,现在看起来焕然一新。     ④我会让助理在会议开始前把文件发给您。     ⑤她有很多作业要做,所以今晚没法去看电影了。     with的复合结构 With lacquer art returning to the public view, what is lacquer art? 随着漆艺重新进入公众视野,漆艺究竟是什么? 常见with的复合结构有: (1) with+名词/代词+doing(表示主动或进行) (2)with+名词/代词+to do(表将来) (3)with+名词/代词+done(表示被动或完成) (4)with+名词/代词+形容词/副词(表示结果或状态) (5)with+名词/代词+介词短语 补全句子/汉译英 ①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, we pasted them into the album and wrote down the stories behind each one.  照片已经打印好了,我们把它们贴进相册,还写下了每张照片背后的故事。 ②The grandma sat on the chair, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, and hummed an old folk song softly.  老奶奶坐在椅子上,双手慢悠悠地织着一条红围巾,嘴里还轻轻哼着一首老民谣。 ③我胳膊上搭着一条毯子,上楼和好朋友一起看星星。     ④黄昏时分,我们沿着静谧的乡间小路散步,天空泛着淡淡的粉色,空气凉爽宜人。     ⑤一小时后就要赶火车了,我们迅速收拾好行李,冲向了车站。     it is+形容词+that … If an earthquake can shake millions of people, it is likely that a few of their pets will, by chance, be acting strangely before the earthquake. 如果地震能影响数百万人,那么在地震发生前,他们的几只宠物很可能会偶然表现出异常行为。 在该句型中,it为形式主语,指代后面that引导的主语从句。常见it作形式主语的句型如下: (1)It+be+形容词(possible, obvious, important, necessary … )+that从句 (2)It +be+名词短语(a pity, a fact, a wonder, no wonder … )+that从句 补全句子/汉译英 ①  　,  for she had practiced for only two weeks. 妹妹第一次钢琴演出前感到紧张是很正常的,因为她只练习了两周时间。 ②他昨天居然没参加讲座,这很奇怪,因为他一直对这个主题很感兴趣。     ③世界上还有成千上万的人在挨饿,而很多人却在浪费粮食,这真是一件憾事。     一、应用文增分练 假定你是李华,你的美国朋友Alex来信说将要在寒假期间去北京旅行一周,请你根据以下提示给他回信,向他推荐一个你最喜欢的地方,帮助他更好地旅行。 内容包括: 1.推荐的景点; 2.推荐理由以及需要注意的事项; 3.表示真诚期待与欢迎。 【完成句子】　 1.得知你渴望在即将到来的寒假去北京旅游,我写信给你一些建议。(be eager to do; 现在分词短语作状语)     2.北京有许多著名的旅游景点,其中最重要的是故宫博物院。(“介词+which”引导定语从句)     3.故宫博物院由内城和外城围成同心圆(concentric circles),自明代以来一直是北京的中心。(surround; 过去分词短语作后置定语)     4.随着寒假的临近,来北京的游客数量将急剧增加。(with复合结构; approach)     5.如果是这样的话,你最好提前预订机票和住宿。(if引导条件状语从句的省略形式)     【组句成篇】　 把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。                   二、续写提能练 单词 1.thunder n. 雷声 v.打雷 2.spring n. 春天;泉水 3.horizon n. 地平线 4.dewdrop n. 水珠;露珠 5.colourful adj. 五彩斑斓的 6.freezing adj. 极冷的 7.snow⁃covered adj. 积雪覆盖的 8.frozen adj. 结冰的 短语 1.spring showers春雨 2.cherry blossoms樱花盛开 3.look like the boundless yellow carpet 看起来像无边无际的黄色地毯 4.a season for harvest/revival 丰收/复苏的季节 5.be covered with a layer of green 被覆盖一层绿色 6.be dotted with shining stars繁星点点 7.wrinkle the surface of the lake 使湖面泛起波纹 8.be bathed in the golden sunshine 沐浴在金色的阳光下 9.tall branches waving in the wind 高高的树枝在风中摇曳 句型 1.Spring thunder rumbled with continuous rain, which moistened the whole earth. 春雷隆隆,连绵的雨水滋润着整个大地。 2.With spring approaching,the earth gets covered with a layer of green. 随着春天的临近,大地被覆盖了一层绿色。 3.The sun just crept out of the eastern horizon and rays of golden red penetrated through the white clouds and across the sky. 太阳刚刚从东方的地平线上缓缓升起,数缕金红色的光线穿透了白云,划过天空。 4.The ground was covered with tender grass,on whose blades some dewdrops were glistening in the sunshine. 地上长满了嫩草,叶子上一些露珠在阳光下闪闪发光。 5.A gentle breeze came up,wrinkling the surface of the lake. It was really a beautiful morning. 一阵微风吹过,使湖面泛起波纹。这真是一个美丽的早晨。 6.Birds flew around the woods singing cheerfully and restlessly. 鸟儿在树林里飞翔,不停地欢唱。 7.It was a clear stream which ran quite merrily along its narrow way through the damp greenness. 穿过这片潮湿的绿草地,一条清澈的小溪沿着狭窄的水道欢快地流淌着。 【微场景实战】 “人与自然” With spring approaching, the earth gets covered with a layer of green. On a beautiful morning, we started our camping out of city. ①        (当我们接近群山环绕的露营地时,我们几乎无法抑制自己的兴奋。到了之后妈妈马上打开车门,冲到外面,急切地催促我们搭起帐篷。)The surrounding landscape was so fascinating that it was really a true feast for our eyes. ②        (沐浴在金色的阳光下,我们躺在草地上,心情轻松。鸟儿在欢快地歌唱,好像它们在热情地迎接我们。我们全家舒舒服服地聊天,过去的美好回忆涌上我们的心头。) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4　History and Traditions 【筑基通关·知识锚点】 一、 1.公馆;宅第　2.哲学　3.后裔;后代;子孙 4.足跟;(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟　5.通货;货币 6.军事的;军用的　7.(陆上,尤指乡村的)风景 8.祖宗;祖先　9.感觉的;感官的　10.过渡;转变;变迁 微语境·小测 1.landscape　2.philosophy　3.ancestors 4.military　5.transition 二、 1.individual　2.chief　3.conquer　4.battle　5.charge 6.amount　7.gallery　8.approach　9.ensure　10.roar 微语境·小测 1.amount　2.ensure　3.charged　4.individuals 5.approached 三、 1.illegal→legally 　2.locate→located　3.generosity 4.eagerly→eagerness　5.greeting 6.customer→customs 微语境·小测 1.Located　2.legally　3.eagerly　4.customers 5.generosity　6.greet 四、 1.真正的;真实的 2.梳(头发);梳理　梳子;篦子;梳理(头发) 3.自夸;自吹自擂;拥有　夸耀;夸口 4.terrified→terrify　5.glance 微语境·小测 1.boasts　2.authentic　3.combed　4.glance　5.terrified 五、 1.join … to …　2.belong to　3.as well as 4.keep your eyes open (for) 5.have a great influence on 微语境·小测 1.have a great influence on 　2.joined to　3.as well as 4.keep your eyes open　5.belong to 【词句锐解·靶心精练】 Part Ⅰ 1.①There is evidence that regular reading can effectively broaden teenagers􀆳 horizons. ②It is evident from her smile that she is quite satisfied with the result. ③Only away from city lights does the true splendor of the night sky become fully evident. 2.①with　②for ③took charge of;was in charge of;was in the charge of 3.①is a practical approach to improving ②At the approach of the Spring Festival/the Chinese New Year ③All the approaches to the coastal town were blocked by fallen trees 4.①for　②to　③eagerness 5.①down　②up　③into　④from　⑤out 6.①plays　②as well as the way we shop ③and his younger brother did as well Part Ⅱ 1.①It is wise for teenagers to learn some first⁃aid skills and use them to save lives if necessary. ②If possible, we hope to watch the sunrise there early in the morning. ③The librarian asked us to report the books that were damaged, if any, when we returned them. 2.①I had my teeth checked yesterday and the dentist said they were fine. ②Don􀆳t have the water running while you brush your teeth. ③We had the house painted last month, and now it looks brand new. ④I􀆳ll have my assistant send you the documents before the meeting starts. ⑤She has a lot of homework to do, so she can􀆳t go to the cinema tonight. 3.①With the photos printed out ②with her hands knitting a red scarf slowly ③With a blanket over my arm, I went upstairs to watch the stars with my best friend. ④We walked along the quiet country road at dusk, with the sky pale pink and the air cool. ⑤With a train to catch in an hour, we packed our luggage quickly and rushed to the station. 4.①It was natural that my little sister felt nervous before her first piano performance ②It is strange that he didn􀆳t attend the lecture yesterday, for he was always interested in the topic. ③It is a shame/a pity/shameful/regrettable that many people waste food while thousands of others are suffering from/faced with hunger in the world. 【写作提质·素养靶向练】 一、应用文增分练 【完成句子】 1.Knowing that you are eager to visit Beijing during the approaching winter vacation, I am writing to share some advice with you. 2.Beijing has many famous tourist attractions, the most important of which is the Palace Museum./ There are numerous well⁃known scenic spots in Beijing, among which the most significant one is the Palace Museum./ Beijing boasts a great many famous places of interest, of which the Palace Museum ranks as the most important. 3.The Palace Museum surrounded in concentric circles by the Inner City and Outer City has been the center of Beijing ever since the Ming Dynasty. 4.With the winter vacation approaching, the number of tourists coming to Beijing will increase sharply./ With the winter holiday approaching, there will be a sharp increase in the number of tourists visiting Beijing. 5.If so, you􀆳d better book your flight tickets and accommodation in advance./ If so, you are advised to reserve your air tickets and accommodation ahead of time./ If so, it􀆳s advisable for you to book your flights and hotels in advance. 【组句成篇】 Dear Alex, I am glad to hear from you. Knowing that you are eager to visit Beijing during the approaching winter vacation, I am writing to share some advice with you. There are numerous well⁃known scenic spots in Beijing, among which the most significant one is the Palace Museum. The Palace Museum surrounded in concentric circles by the Inner City and Outer City has been the center of Beijing ever since the Ming Dynasty. With the winter vacation approaching, the number of visitors to Beijing will increase sharply. If so, you􀆳d better book your flight tickets and accommodation in advance. I sincerely hope you can make it to China this vacation and I􀆳m looking forward to your coming. By the way, I am willing to serve as your guide. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 二、续写提能练 ①As we approached the campsite surrounded by mountains, we could hardly contain our excitement. On reaching there, my mom opened the car door immediately, rushed outside and eagerly urged us to put up the tent. ②Bathed in the golden sunshine, we lay on the grass with a light heart. Birds were singing happily as if they were warmly greeting us. My family chatted comfortably, sweet memories of the past crowding into our hearts. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $