必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 学习讲义-【名师带你过关】2026-2027学年高考英语一轮复习（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕词汇、语法、写作等核心考点，按基础词自测、重点词攻坚、词性变形、词组应用到核心句型及写作训练的逻辑架构展开，通过考点梳理（如核心词汇rescue、damage等解析）、方法指导（词性转换规律总结）、真题训练（微语境小测结合高考真题）等环节，帮助学生构建完整知识网络，突破语言理解与表达难点。 资料突出语言能力与思维品质培养，创新采用“微语境·小测”即时巩固词汇应用，词性跃迁模块通过变形实战提升词形转换能力，写作部分从完成句子到组句成篇训练逻辑表达。设置分层练习（基础自测、重点攻坚、写作提能），配合真题例句与策略指导，保障复习效率，助力学生高效提升应考能力，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰教学路径。

一、词能自测·基础词 1.tornado n.　　　　　  2.drought n.　　　　　  3.tsunami n.　　　　　  4.helicopter n.　　　　　  5.crack n.　　　　 vi.& vt.　　　　　　  6.brick n.　　　　　  7.metal n.　　　　　  8.unify vi.& vt.　　　　　  9.hurricane n.　　　　　  10.whistle vi.　　　　 vt.　　　　   n.　　　　   [微语境·小测] 1.(2025·广东茂名高三期末)A 　　　　　with heat⁃seeking equipment has been called into search for a missing man.  2.(2024·浙江卷)We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture(湿度) in the air, so we cannot be causing 　.   3.As we all know, vocabulary is an important part of the language, just like 　　　　　of a building.  4.(25⁃26·广东高三阶段测试)The bus doors hissed open and a very pregnant woman struggled to get on by grabbing the   handrail (扶手) with cold⁃reddened hands. 二、词能自测·重点词 1.　　　　　　 n.& vt.营救;救援  2.　　　　　　 vt.摧毁;毁灭  3.　　　　　　 n.& vt.破坏;毁坏  4.　　　　　　 vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n.险境;陷阱  5.　　　　　　 n.灾难;灾害  6.　　　　　　 n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力  7.　　　　　　 vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动  8.　　　　　　 n.供应(量);补给;[ pl.]补给品 vt.供应;供给  9.　　　　　　 adj.镇静的;沉着的 vt.使平静;使镇静  10.　　　　　　 n.避难处;居所;庇护 vt.保护;掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)  11.　　　　　　 n.海浪;波浪 vi.& vt.挥手;招手  12.　　　　　　 vi.& vt.侵袭;突击;击打 n.罢工;罢课;袭击  [微语境·小测] 1.(25⁃26·广东广州高三测试)After the earthquake, the 　　　　　team had to struggle through damaged buildings to find survivors.  2.I rolled down the slope like a man   in a washing machine, unable to break free from the tossing and flipping. 3.An emergency kit is a collection of supplies that can help you survive during and after a natural 　　　　　, like an earthquake or flood.   4.(25⁃26·广东广州高三期中)Teenagers should avoid being addicted to mobile games, as it may 　　　　　their study and eyesight.  三、词性跃迁·变形实战 1.　　　　　　 n.效果;结果;影响  →　　　　　　 adj.有效的  2.　　　　　　 n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt.(使)震惊  →　　　　　　 adj.令人震惊的  →　　　　　　 adj.感到震惊的  3.　　　　　　 n.电;电能  →　　　　　　 adj.电的;用电的  →　　　　　　 adj.电子的  4.　　　　　　 n.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力  →　　　　　　 adj.强有力的;有影响力的  →　　　　　　 adj.无力的  5.　　　　　　 vt.& vi.递送;传达 vt.发表→　　　　　　 n.投递;送交  6.　　　　　　 vt.& vi.复活;(使)苏醒  →　　　　　　 n.振兴;复苏  [微语境·小测] 1.(25⁃26·广东揭阳高三期中)Cusco was the capital city of the Inca empire, which was the most 　　　　　(power) in South America until the 1500s.  2.The 　　　　　(shock) number of the people who died in the earthquake made the nation realize that the problem ran deeper than they feared.  3.One 　　　　　(effect) way of protecting cultural heritage is through education and getting local communities involved.  4.(25⁃26·广东肇庆高三开学考)Driverless cars and home 　　　　　(deliver) drones (送货无人机) will depend on 5G to work better. A complete wireless (无线的) world is at our doorstep.  5.The 　　　　　(revive) of Qinqiang Opera in the past decades has reflected the country􀆳s cultural development, which surprises the public.　  6.Nowadays, we can see more and more dictionaries are available in 　　　　　(electricity) form.  四、文词进阶·拓展词汇 1.　　　　　　 n.微风;和风;轻而易举的事 vt.轻盈而自信地走  2.　　　　　　 adj.精疲力竭的;厌倦的  3.beam n.　　　　　 vi.　　　　　   4.web n.　　　　　　   5.　　　　　　 adv.故意;蓄意;从容不迫地→　　　　　　 adj.故意的;蓄意的 vi.& vt.深思熟虑  [微语境·小测] 1.In some areas of Northeast China, people knock on the 　　　　　of their houses with long sticks on the morning of the day of Longtaitou, meaning qiaolongtou.  2.By third year, everyone has become somewhat 　　　　　with the courses, lots of people even miss classes and many are completely distracted.  3.In a drawing room in rural Oxfordshire, an artist slowly and 　　　　　　puts pen to paper.  4.(2025·广东深圳一模)The warm sun bathed everything in a golden light, and the gentle 　　　　　　carried the scent of blooming flowers.  五、词组攻坚·语境搭链 1.　　　　　　 似乎;好像;仿佛  2.　　　　　　 严重受损;破败不堪  3.　　　　　　 震惊;吃惊  4.　　　　　　 露天;在户外  5.　　　　　　 拒绝做某事  6.　　　　　　 像往常一样  7.　　　　　　 消灭;彻底消除  [微语境·小测] 1.(2025·广东江门一模)She danced around us 　　　　　　listening to our conversations about school and clothes and movies we􀆳d seen.  2.In places with cooler climates, air drying could be done throughout the year, either 　　　　　or inside shelters.  3.In Vietnam, Tet Nguyen Dan, or Tet, is the most important holiday when families spend weeks cleaning their homes to 　　　　　bad luck.  4.After psychologists showed the driver a video replay, he realized at that very moment the crowd wasn􀆳t cheering 　　　　　— they stood frozen, staring in the opposite direction as he approached the U⁃turn.  Part Ⅰ　核心词汇 rescue 　n.& vt. 营救;救援 (2025·广东模拟预测)Natural disasters like earthquakes usually cause interruptions to communications, posing great challenges to rescue efforts. 像地震这样的自然灾害通常会中断通信,给救援工作带来巨大挑战。 (1)come to one􀆳s rescue=rescue sb救援某人 rescue team 救援队 (2)rescue … from … 把……从……营救出来 汉译英 ①救援队伍连夜赶往地震灾区展开工作。     ②登山者被困在悬崖上,最终被直升机成功营救。   damage　vt.损害;破坏　n. 损坏;损失 (2026·广东汕头一模)However, a major challenge is to scale up the technology without creating loud or even damaging sound effects. 然而,一个主要的挑战是在扩大技术规模的同时,不产生刺耳甚至具有破坏性的声音效果。 (1)cause/do damage to … 对……造成损害 suffer damage遭受损失 (2)damage one􀆳s health损害某人的健康 汉译英 ①空气污染已经对这座城市居民的生活质量造成了严重损害。     ②这家古老的博物馆在地震中遭受了不小的损失,很多珍贵展品被破坏。     shelter　n.避难所;居所;庇护　vt. 保护;掩蔽　vi.躲避(风雨或危险) (2025·天津卷)In one corner, there was a breathing chamber, where they were sheltered from the rain and the wind.角落里有一个呼吸舱,他们在那里躲避风雨。 (1)take shelter from … 躲避…… under the shelter of … 在……的庇护下 (2)shelter … from … 保护……不受…… 完成句子 ①  in a nearby shop. 游客们在附近的一家商店里躲避突如其来的阵雨。 ②We should do our best   　.  我们应该尽力保护环境不受污染。 ruin　n.& vt.破坏;毁坏;废墟 (2025·全国二卷)I realized that if I didn􀆳t stop, the entire lecture would be ruined. 我意识到如果不停下来,整个讲座就会搞砸。 be/lie in ruins成为废墟;毁灭 ruin one􀆳s hope/health/plan破坏某人的希望/健康/计划 语境辨义 ①His careless mistake not only ruined the team􀆳s hard work but also disappointed all the supporters. 　　　　　  ②When we wandered around the old city, we were shocked by the grandness of those historical ruins left from the 12th century. 　　　　　  shock　n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克　vt.(使)震惊 (2025·全国一卷)Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. 大多数文章都不到一页纸,而且很少有文章包含可以被解释为论点的句子。我感到震惊。 (1)in shock震惊;吃惊 to one􀆳s shock令某人震惊的是 (2)shocked adj.震惊的;惊讶的(be shocked to do sth 震惊地做某事) (3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的 单句语法填空/汉译英 ①The news of the sudden accident left everyone　　　　　 shock for a long time.  ②It 　　　　　(shock) us to hear that the kind old man had passed away unexpectedly.  ③令所有人震惊的是,那位老人原来是一位著名艺术家。     effort　n.努力;尽力;艰难的尝试 (2025·北京卷)To reduce our impact, we can take simple steps: empty the fridge before heading out, and choose sustainable dining options. These efforts help us travel more responsibly. 为了减少我们的影响,我们可以采取简单的步骤:出门前清空冰箱,并选择可持续的餐饮选项。这些努力有助于我们更负责任地出行。 with effort费力地 make an effort to do sth 努力做某事 spare no effort(s) to do sth 不遗余力地做某事 汉译英 ①团队决定全力以赴完成这个紧急项目。     ②在全体师生的共同努力下,学校的环境得到了显著改善。     suffer　vt.遭受;蒙受　vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤)受苦 (2025·天津卷)But over time he becomes less famous and less well paid, and he begins to suffer difficulties.但随着时间的推移,他变得越来越不知名,收入也越来越少,开始遭遇困难。 (1)suffer from … 患……病;因……而受苦 suffer a loss遭受损失 suffer pain/ hardship遭受痛苦/苦难 suffer damage 遭受损害 (2)suffering n.苦难、痛苦 (3)sufferer n.受难者 单句语法填空 ①The organization provided psychological counseling for disaster 　　　　　(suffer) to help them recover.  ②The old man couldn􀆳t bear the 　　　　　(suffer) brought by the long⁃term illness.  supply　n.供应(量);补给　[pl.]补给品　vt.供应;供给 (2025·全国二卷)Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. 食品浪费是餐饮、超市及供应链行业日益关注的问题。 (1)supply sth to sb=supply sb with sth 向某人提供某物 (2)be in short supply短缺 单句语法填空 ①Fresh vegetables and drinking water are 　　　　　short supply in the remote mountain village.  ②The local government supplied the affected areas 　　　　　emergency medical equipment.  ③Volunteers supplied warm blankets   the people trapped in the snowstorm. survive　vi. 生存;存活;比……活得久　vt.幸存;艰难度过 The seedlings therefore have to fight for sunlight, so only the fastest⁃growing survive.因此,幼苗必须争夺阳光,所以只有生长最快的才能存活。 (1)survive sth 幸免于;从……中挺过来 survive from … 从……留存下来 survive sb by … 比某人多活…… survive on … 依靠……生存 (2)survival n.幸存、幸存物 survival rate 存活率 survival instinct 求生本能 (3)survivor n.幸存者 单句语法填空 ①The old professor has survived his wife 　　　　　fifteen years.  ②We should learn how to survive 　　　　　unexpected emergencies in daily life.  ③Many families in the poor area have to survive 　　　　　very limited income.  ④Two of the 　　　　(survive) of the shipwreck were sent to the hospital immediately.  power　n.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力;有影响力的大国　vt.提供动力;驱动 Although China is the world􀆳s leading manufacturing power, it has long fallen behind in creating imaginative, home⁃grown retail brands and products. 尽管中国是世界领先的制造业大国,但在创造富有想象力的本土零售品牌和产品方面长期处于落后地位。 (1)have the power to do sth 有能力做某事 come to power (表示动作)上台;执政 be in power (表示状态)执政;掌权 beyond one􀆳s power超出某人的能力 do everything in one􀆳s power竭尽全力 (2)powerful adj. 强有力的 单句语法填空 ①The political party has been 　　　　　power in this region for over a decade.  ②Finishing the huge task alone is 　　　　　my power; I need team support.  ③I􀆳ll try everything 　　　　　my power to make this event a success.  ④The new leader coming 　　　　　power promised to focus on improving people􀆳s livelihood.  ⑤The engine can produce 　　　　　(power) force to drive the heavy truck.  strike　vi.& vt.侵袭;突击;击打;突然想到;让(某人)觉得　n.罢工;罢课;袭击 (2025·全国一卷)They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn􀆳t strike them as important. 他们本可以大篇幅论述计算机的必要性,但写作本身,在他们看来并不重要。 (1)It strikes sb that … 某人突然想起…… (2)be/go on strike举行罢工 (3)striking adj. 惊人的;异常的 单句语法填空/汉译英 ①It 　　　　　(strike) me that I had forgotten to lock the door when I got to the office.  ②The workers decided to go 　　　　　strike to ask for better working conditions.  ③The data shows a 　　　　　(strike) increase in online shopping sales this year.  ④他突然想到自己把护照落在酒店房间了。     Part Ⅱ　核心句型 too+形容词+to … 太……而不能…… The small lock was rusted shut, but her curiosity was too strong to ignore. 那把小锁已经锈死了,但她的好奇心太强,无法置之不理。 (1)too +形容词/副词+(for sb)to … 意为“(对某人来说)太……而不能……”,表示否定意义; (2)“only too+glad/pleased/willing/delighted/anxious to do”表示肯定意义。 完成句子/句型转换 ①The box of books 　.  这箱书太重了,我搬不动。 ②　 this volunteer activity.  她非常乐意参与这次志愿者活动。 ③The task was so complicated that we couldn􀆳t finish it in one day. →  　(too … to … )  as if引导表语从句 It seems as if you will always remember these things, but you􀆳d better write them down, otherwise, you will forget them. 现在看起来你好像会永远记住这些事情,但你最好还是把它们写下来,否则你终究会忘记的。 as if 引导表语从句时,位于系动词(如be, seem, look, feel, sound等)之后,用来描述主语的状况、样子或给人的印象。 　as if (= as though) 意为“似乎, 好像”, 既可以引导表语从句也可以引导状语从句。 (1)如果as if/though所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的,句子要用陈述语气。 (2)如果所引导的从句只是表示一种假设的情况,从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,其形式如下: ①表示与现在事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用一般过去时(从句中be动词常用were); ②表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用过去完成时; ③表示与将来事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。 (3)当as if/though引导的从句的主语和主句的主语一致,并且从句中有be的某种形式时,从句中的主语和系动词可省略,后面直接跟名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词。 完成句子 ①After the intense negotiation, the atmosphere in the room     (感觉好像一块重物被移走了). ②The old violin     (听起来仿佛在诉说一个世纪前的故事). 一、应用文增分练 (2025·广东高三阶段测试)假定你是李华,近期世界各地自然灾害(natural disasters)频发,为增强同学们的防灾意识,你校学生会将发起防灾倡议。请你写一封英文倡议书,内容包括: 1.了解自然灾害的危害与避险常识; 2.积极参加学校的防灾演练; 3.在家中备好应急物资。 【完成句子】 1.意识到世界各地自然灾害频发,我写信就此提出一些应对建议。(be aware of;现在分词短语作状语)     2.我认为掌握防灾知识至关重要。(think it+adj.+to do)     3.我建议积极参与学校的防灾演练,这有助于我们在危险来临时迅速反应。(suggest doing; which引导定语从句)     4.我们还应该在家中准备一些应急物资,如水、食物和急救包。(prepare sth)     5.我希望每个人都能在灾难来临时保护好自己。(the moment引导时间状语从句)     【组句成篇】　 把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。                 二、续写提能练 单词 1.frightened adj.害怕的 →frightening adj.令人害怕的 →frighten v.使害怕 2.scare v.使害怕 →scared adj.害怕的 →scary adj.惊悚的,吓人的 3.panic v.& n.恐慌,害怕 →panicked adj.恐慌的 4.dreadful adj.可怕的;极坏的 5.terrible/horrible/awful adj.可怕的 短语 1.be in panic/be seized with panic惊慌失措 2.one􀆳s throat tightens with horror/fear 吓得喉咙发紧 3.be pale with fright吓得面无人色 4.be scared out of one􀆳s wits吓得魂不附体 5.be numb/frozen with fear吓呆了 6.frighten the pants off sb 把某人吓得屁滚尿流 7.tremble with terror/horror吓得发抖 8.be scared to death/half dead with fright 吓得要死 9.tears of terror/horror/fear恐惧的泪水 10.one􀆳s heart be stuck on one􀆳s throat 心卡在嗓子眼 句型 1.A flood of fear welled up in her when she walked in the empty street.(无灵主语句) 走在空荡荡的街道上,一阵恐惧涌上她的心头。 2.I was wandering in the wood when a snake came out and scared me to death. 我正在林间散步,突然一条蛇蹿了出来,吓得我半死。 3.I froze with terror,too scared to move an inch. 我吓得呆住了,寸步难行。 4.Seeing the bloody scene,she uncontrollably let out a scream of terror and fainted on the ground. 看到这血腥的一幕,她不受控制地发出恐惧的尖叫,昏倒在地。 5.The explosion really frightened the pants off me. 爆炸把我吓坏了。 【微场景实战】 　“火灾救援” The fire started to spread all over the hotel, and people fleeing out of it in time were still in a state of extreme panic.①      (就在这时,人群中传来一声尖锐的尖叫。那个被吓得魂飞魄散的年轻母亲哭喊着说她的宝宝还在酒店房间里。) Hearing that, A wave of fear swept through the crowd, and they didn􀆳t know what they could do in that situation. ②      (他们试图安慰那个被吓得发抖的女人,想要让她冷静下来,却发现语言是如此苍白无力。) They almost lost hope when a young man quickly ran to the pool in front of the hotel, poured water on his jacket and then rushed into the burning room. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4　Natural Disasters 【筑基通关·知识锚点】 一、 1.龙卷风;旋风　2.旱灾;久旱 3.海啸　4.直升机 5.裂纹;裂缝　(使)破裂　6.砖;砖块 7.金属　8.统一;(使)成一体 9.(尤指西大西洋的)飓风 10.吹口哨;发出笛声　吹口哨 哨子(声);呼啸声 微语境·小测 1.helicopter　2.drought　3.bricks　4.metal 二、 1.rescue　2.destroy　3.ruin　4.trap　5.disaster 6.effort 7.affect　8.supply　9.calm　10.shelter 11.wave　12.strike 微语境·小测 1.rescue　2.trapped　3.disaster　4.affect 三、 1.effect→effective　2.shock→shocking→shocked 3.electricity→electric→electronic 4.power→powerful→powerless　5.deliver→delivery 6.revive→revival 微语境·小测 1.powerful　2.shocking　3.effective　4.delivery　5.revival 6.electronic 四、 1.breeze　2.jaded 3.光线;束;梁　照射;发光;发热 4.蛛网;网络,错综复杂的事物 5.deliberately→deliberate 微语境·小测 1.beams　2.jaded　3.deliberately　4.breeze 五、 1.as if　2.in ruins　3.in shock　4.in the open air 5.refuse to do sth　6.as usual　7.sweep away 微语境·小测 1.as if　2.in the open air　3.sweep away　4.in shock 【词句锐解·靶心精练】 Part Ⅰ 1.①The rescue team rushed to the earthquake⁃stricken area overnight to start their work. ②The climber was trapped on the cliff and finally rescued successfully by a helicopter. 2.①Air pollution has done/caused serious damage to the quality of life of the residents in this city. ②This ancient museum suffered considerable damage in the earthquake, and many precious exhibits were destroyed. 3.①Tourists took shelter from the sudden shower ②to shelter the environment from pollution 4.①毁掉　②废墟 5.①in　②shocked ③To everyone􀆳s shock, the old man turned out to be a famous artist. 6.①The team has decided to spare no effort(s) to complete this urgent project. ②Through the joint efforts of all teachers and students, the school environment has been significantly improved. 7.①sufferers　②suffering 8.①in　②with　③to 9.①by　②from　③on　④survivors 10.①in　②beyond　③in　④to　⑤powerful 11.①struck　②on　③striking ④It struck him that he had left his passport in the hotel room. Part Ⅱ 1.①is too heavy for me to carry ②She􀆳s only too happy to take part in ③The task was too complicated for us to finish in one day 2.①felt as if a heavy weight had been lifted ②sounded as if it were whispering stories from a century ago 【写作提质·素养靶向练】 一、应用文增分练 【完成句子】 1.Being aware of the frequent natural disasters around the world, I􀆳m writing to give some advice on how to deal with them. 2.I think it vital to master the knowledge of disaster prevention. 3.I suggest taking an active part in the school􀆳s disaster prevention drills which helps us react quickly in danger. 4.We should also prepare some emergency supplies at home such as water, food and first⁃aid kits. 5.I hope everyone can protect themselves the moment a disaster comes. 【组句成篇】 Dear fellow students, Being aware of the frequent natural disasters around the world, I􀆳m writing to give some advice on how to deal with them. First of all, I think it vital to master the knowledge of disaster prevention. Besides, I suggest taking an active part in the school􀆳s disaster prevention drills, which helps us react quickly in danger. What􀆳s more, we should also prepare some emergency supplies at home such as water, food and first⁃aid kits. I hope everyone can protect themselves the moment a disaster comes. Let􀆳s take action right now! Yours sincerely, Li Hua 二、续写提能练 ①Just at that moment, a sharp scream came out of the crowd.The young mother, who was scared out of her wits cried that her baby was still in the hotel room. ②They tried to comfort the woman, who was trembling with terror, and tried to calm her down but words just failed them. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $