Unit 4 Natural Disasters-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义（人教版）

基 础 UNIT 4 主题语境 人与自然——自然灾害 必 备 NATURAL DISASTERS 话题词块 话题佳句 1.Last week， severe haze struck my hometown， 1.cause enormous damage 导致巨大的损害 making it too dark to see anything. 2.rescue work 救援工作 上周，我的家乡出现了严重的雾霾，使得天空昏 3.stricken district/area 受灾地区 暗，看不见任何东西。 4.destroy the whole city 摧毁整个城市 2.So far， the earthquake has killed about 1， 000 peo- 5.wash away bridges 冲垮桥梁 ple and has left thousands injured. 6.lose one's precious life 失去宝贵生命 到目前为止，地震已造成约1000人死亡，数千人 7.suffer pain/loss 遭受痛苦/损失 受伤。 8.the extreme lack of water， food and electricity 3.The city has organized rescue groups and are 极度缺乏水、食物和电 ready to go wherever help is needed. 9.without any warning 毫无预兆地 该市组织了救援小组并随时准备去任何需要帮助 10.give aid to 给予……帮助 的地方。 聚焦层级突破 聚焦核心要点落实 第一板块 词汇点拔台 2.bury vt.埋葬； 安葬 D/Y/BANK∪A be buried in [核 词汇——逐点清] (1) 埋头于；专心于 bury oneself in 1.ruin n.&vt.破坏； 毁坏 (2) bury one's face in one'shands 双手掩面 (1) be/lie in ruins 成为废墟；毁灭 [金句]——微写作 一句多译 fall into ruin 成为废墟；破败不堪 ①听到这个坏消息，她双手捂着脸哭了。 be reduced to ruins沦为废墟 Hearing the bad news， she (2) ruin one's health/hope/chance/future and cried. 毁坏健康/希望/机会/前途 玛丽埋头于她的毕业论文，没有时间做兼职 ruin oneself 自我毁灭 工作。 [练通]——单句语法填空 ② in her graduation paper， Mary has ①Heavy smoking (ruin) your n( o time to do a part-time job. health， so you should give it up. ③herself in her graduation pa- ②If you don't give up the computer games， per， Mary has no time to do a part-time job. you'll ruin (you) . ④ Because Mary her grad ③ A large number of bridges and buildings uation paper， she has no time to do a part- were ruins after the biggest time job. flooding in mid-July. 3.supply n.供应(量) ； 补给； [pl.] 补给品 [金句]——微写作 vt.供应；供给 ④地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们 (1in short supply 短缺 彻夜难眠。 a good supply of. .. 一批……，许多…… after the medical supplies 医疗用品 earthquake， which made us sleepless all (2) supply sth.to sb. 为某人提供某物 night. supply sb.with sth. 为某人提供某物 ·30. 基础必备必修第一册 [练通]——单句语法填空 5.calm adj.镇静的； 沉着的vt.使平静； 使镇静 ① DI'd like to know the reason why the milk is (1) calm down 平静下来 short supply in this area now. calm sb.down ②The government has supplied plenty of food 使某人平静下来；使某人镇定下来 and clothes the local people since (2) keep/stay calm 保持镇静 the earthquake happened. (3) calmly adv. 镇静地；沉着地 [金句]——一句多译 [练通]——完成句子 没有必要担心，我们可以提供任何你需要的 ①After (我平静下来) ， 东西。 played football better. ③ There is no need to worry.We can ② Try to (保持镇静) in whatever you need ④ There is no need to worry.We can time of danger. ③ Have some water and . 4.survive vi.生存； 存活vt.幸存； 艰难度过 (让自己平静下来). (1) A survive B(by...) A比B活得长…… ④When he was trapped in the flood， he survive on 依靠……生存下来 (镇静地给妻子打了个电话). survive from 从……存活下来；流传下来 6.strike vi.& vt.(struck， struck/stricken) 侵 (2) survivor n. 幸存者 袭；突击；击打 n.罢工；罢课；袭击 survival n. [U]幸存； $$\left[ C ^ { - }$$ 残存物 (1) be struck by/on/with 被……打动； 迷恋…… [练通]——单句语法填空 It strikes sb.that... 某人突然想到…… ① How does the family survive such strike...into one'she art 使……刻骨铭心 a small monthly wage? (2) be on strike 在罢工 ②(2023·北京卷) That project， which I go on strike 举行罢工 could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert， not only [总结规律·由此及彼] (survive) the lockdown 介词on用于“说明活动或状态”。常见的 (封锁) but worked where traditional meth- 短语有哪些? ods didn't. ③Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the (survive) of our natural resources. [练通] ——写出下列句中 strike的含义 ④ The (survive) of the earthquake ① D The clock s truck twelve when I got home are fighting for survival. last night. [点津] survive 表示“幸存； 幸免于”时为及 物动词， 其宾语前不用加in或from。 ②A terrible earthquake s truck the northern [金句]——微写作 part of Peru. ⑤毫无疑问，不吸烟的人会比吸烟者活得 ③ A good idea s truck me when I was reading 更久。 the newspaper. →There is no doubt that ④The visitors were struck by the beauty of . the West Lake. ·31· 高考总复习 英语 [点津]表示“突然想到”的单词(短语)还有 8.on hand现有(尤指帮助) hit、occur to。 (1) hand in hand 手牵手； 密切关联 [金句]——-句多译 in hand 在手头；在掌握中；在控制中 at hand 在近处；即将来临 John突然想起， 他们可以帮助Bernard为他的 by hand 手工；亲手交付；由专人递送 爆米花做广告。 (2) hand over (把……)移交；交给 ⑤ they could help Bernard hand in 上交 advertise his popcorn.(strike) hand out 分发 hand down 传给； (把……) 传下去 ⑥they could help Bernard [练通]——用适当的介、副词填空 advertise his popcorn.(hit) ①(2021·全国甲卷) I come to you， hat ⑦ they could hand， to apologize for the damage I help Bernard advertise his popcorn.(occur) had indirectly caused and to ask you to re- 7.effect n. 影响； 结果； 效果； 效力→effective consider my lifetime ban from the hotel adj.有效的； 有影响的 ②There are experts hand to give you all the help and advice you need. (1) take effect 生效；见效 ③The recipe Li Z iq i uses has been handed come into effect 生效 from generation to generation. have an effect/influence/impact on ④I wouldn't d are to hand this project 对……产生影响 to anyone else. put... into effect 实施； 使……生效/起作用 [金句]——微写作 (2) effective adj. ⑤这些手工制作的剪纸作品很漂亮。 有效的；有影响的；实际的；起作用的 →These paper-cutting works (3) effectively adv. 有效地；实际上；事实上 are beautiful. 9.sweep away消灭； 彻底消除 [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 sweep up 打扫；一把抱起(某人) ①We have reached a stage where we must sweep s th.aside start taking (effect) me as 对……置之不理；不理会 全然无视 ures to protect the environment so as to sweep s th.out 打扫干净，清扫干净(房间等) sweep s b.off one's feet save ourselves. 使某人立刻迷上；使某人一见倾心 ②(2025·全国二卷) These effects are n't just [练通]——用适当的介、副词填空 short-term but have been proved to ①A After class we were asked to sweep (effect) a teen's well-being in the dead leaves in the schoolyard. the years to come. ②To their anger， all their advice was swept ③ Hopefully， my recommendations will soon . (会付诸实施) to settle ③ As I know， any doubts had long since been swept . these problems. ④As the New Year approached， my mother [金句]——微写作 asked me to sweep the house . ④我们的行为对我们的生活有很大的影响，这 [金句]——微写作 需要我们深思熟虑。 ⑤那个有趣的故事使我神魂颠倒。 ur behaviour →I by the interest- our life， which requires our deep consideration. ing story. ·32· 基础必备必修第一册 主题语境·培优词汇库 子话题1一各种自然灾害 子话题2一造成的危害 ①f1oodn. 洪水 ①terrify vt.. 使恐惧；使惊吓 ②hurricane n. 飓风 ②fierce adj, 狂暴的；恶劣的 ③sandstorm n. 沙尘暴 ③worsen vi. (使)恶化 ④typhoon n. 台风 ④catastrophe n. 灾难；灾祸 ⑤volcano n. 火山 ⑤radioactive adj. 放射性的 ⑥snowstorm n. 暴风雪 ⑥panic n.&vi. 惊慌；恐慌 ⑦tornado n. 龙卷风 ⑦muddy adj. 泥泞的 ⑧drought n. 旱灾；干旱 ⑧lava n. 熔岩；岩浆 第二板块 句式精剖析 (1)asif从句用陈述语气： -DIERBANKUAI 从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的。 1.to0..to...句型 (2)asif从句用虚拟语气： Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to ①从句用一般过去时（与现在的事实相反，be的 eat,and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 过去式用were); 鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进 ②从句用过去完成时（与过去的事实相反）； 入屋内。 ③从句用would/could/might do形式（与将来的 本句中的to0..to.,意为“太…而不 事实相反)。 能…” (l)too+形容词(anxious,eager,.glad,happy, 【总结规律·由此及彼] pleased,ready,willing,etc.)+to do sth. 虚拟语气句的时态通常在实际时态基础 示肯定意义)意为“非常/很…做某事”。 上，前提一个时态。即：过去→过去完成； (2)too..to.,与not或never连用时，意为“无 现在→过去。类似的用法的句型还有 论…也不过分，越…越好”。 哪些？ (3)can never,/cannot-+动词+too十形容词/副词+ to do sth.意为“再做某事也不过分，越做某 事越好”。 工练通]一完成句子 ①The problem is 这个问题太难了，我解决不了。 [练通]一单句语法填空/完成句子 ②(2025·全国二卷)People often feel DHenry failed in the game,but he looked as if nothing (happen). 人们经常觉得自己太忙了，没有时间做志愿 2When a pencil is partly in the water,it 服务。 looks as if it (be)broken. 3While crossing the road,you 3The patient opened his mouth as if 当你过马路时，你越小心越好。 2.asif引导表语从句 (say)something. It seemed as if the world were coming to an ④(2023·全国乙卷)Indoor plants might look end! as if 仿佛到了世界末日！ (他们只是坐在那里不做太多事情)，but in It seemed(tosb.)asif..意为“（对某人来 many ways they are the unsung heroes of 说)似乎…”，asif可以与as though互换。 the home. ·33· 高考总复习英语 进阶>多维检测 夯基固本多维运用 ●[维度1]词形转换 4.The two old laws published in the 1960s are 用括号内所给词的适当变形填空 still effect. 1.This is one of the worst natural 5.The general manager of our company has (disaster)ever to hit the area. gone to America business. 2.They were shock)to find 6.At this point,it suddenly struck me the house completely destroyed. I was wasting my time 3.Up to now food and water 7.The man was sleeping the fright- deliver)to the disaster-stricken area,where ening earthquake happened. many people surviving the disaster are in urgent the aid of rescue workers,they need of help. have all managed to rebuild their houses. 4.The (power)earthquake has ◆[维度3]话题写作（通知） left many houses in ruins. 假定你是校学生会主席李华，你校本周五 5.In the face of the disaster,he 将举办一场关于消防安全(fire safety)知识的 (calm)arranged for a car to pick up her 讲座，请你代表校学生会写一则通知。内容 children. 包括： 6.To our joy,the (suffer)has decid- 1.讲座的时间、地点； ed to give up smoking. 2.讲座的内容； 7.At present,the team is looking into the 3.欢迎大家积极参加。 cause of the forest fire,which caused more 注意：1.词数80左右； than 30 (dead). 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 8.In face of disaster,we must unify and show 参考词汇：灭火器fire extinguisher the (wise)to stay positive and re- 火灾逃生演练fire escape drill build for a brighter future. Notice 9.Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total (electric)consumed in the US. 10.The tree has grown to a (long) of three or twenty meters in the past three years. [维度2]固定用法 1.The door was locked and they were trapped the building. 2.(2025·全国二卷)About half of Ho's students stay for a week or less;others are there for more a year. 3.(2025·北京卷)..，these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through we under stand our lives. Students'Union ·34· 基础必备必修第一册 读后续写微技能5一“建”网站，“好”心情 精彩词汇记牢 单句续写运用 chat online 网上聊天 用左栏的表达续写下列句子。 upload vt. 上传 ①I prefer to rather than download vt. 下载 send emails blog n. 博客 2 And we can basically build this social networking 社交网络 online community 网络社区 ③It also incorporates so that group chat 群聊 you can chat with other people in the area. 培优>提能加餐 高考对接素养培优 [培优1] 单元知识链高考 一、熟词生义 二、一词多义一根据语境选出strike及其短语 1.（2022·全国乙卷)The sweep of the land 的含义 and the stoicism(坚忍)of the people move A.o.成交 B.u.使突然想起 her to some beautiful writing. C.n.罢工 D.o.(灾难、疾病等)袭击 E.u.划火柴 F.v.钟敲 2.(2025·全国二卷)She was flooded,ship 1.A big earthquake struck the city last year, ping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 killing hundreds of people. alone. 2.It struck me that playing against the other 3.(2025·全国一卷)They could have written team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team. pages on the necessity of computers,but 3.It is by no means clear what president can writing,in and of itself,simply didn't do to end the strike. strike them as important. 4.I got up early this morning before the clock struck five. 4.Suddenly another thought went through 5....some labor unions recently struck a deal Kate's mind like an electric shock. with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contrac- tors can be on call. [培优2]高考语篇培素养 ◆真题文本 ◆真题再做 (江苏卷)In the 1960s,while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park,Bob Christiansen became puzzled 1.What puzzled Christiansen when about something that,oddly,had not troubled anyone before:he he was studying Yellowstone? couldn't find the park's volcano.It had been known for a long time A.Its complicated geographical that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature-that's what accounted features. for all its hot springs and other steamy features.But Christiansen B.Its ever-lasting influence on couldn't find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere. tourism. Most of us,when we talk about volcanoes,think of the classic C.The mysterious history of the cone(圆锥体)shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro,which are created park. when erupting magma()piles up.These can form remarkably D.The exact location of the vol- quickly.In 1943,a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke ris- cano. ing from a small part of his land.In one week he was the confused 2.What does the second paragraph owner of a cone five hundred feet high.Within two years it had mainly talk about? topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than A.The shapes of volcanoes. half a mile across.Altogether there are some ten thousand of these B.The impacts of volcanoes. volcanoes on Earth,all but a few hundred of them extinct.There C.The activities of volcanoes. is,however,a second less known type of volcano that doesn't in- D.The heights of volcanoes. volve mountain building.These are volcanoes so explosive that they ·35· 高考总复习英语 续表 ◆真题文本 ◆真题再做 burst open in a single big crack,leaving behind a vast hole,the caldera.Yel- lowstone obviously was of this second type,but Christiansen couldn't find 3.What does the under- the caldera anywhere. lined word“blow-up” Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras in the last paragraph by taking photographs of Yellowstone.A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might most probably mean? make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors'centers.As soon as Christiansen A.Hot-air balloon. saw the photos,he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera:almost the whole park-2.2 million acres-was caldera.The explosion had left a hole B.Digital camera. more than forty miles across-much too huge to be seen from anywhere at C.Big photograph. ground level.At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up D.Bird's view. with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans. ◆素材积累 DThese can form remarkably quickly. (一)由文本积累主题词块 1.the volcanic history 2Sign your name on the form where I've put 2.pile up a cross. 3.the confused owner ◆素养提升（阅读理解之段落大意） 4.top out 段落大意属于主旨要义题的一种，往往有四 5.a single big crack 种形式：(1)主题句在开头；(2)主题句在结 6.some new high-altitude cameras 尾：(3)主题句在中间；(4)无主题句。本文 第二段属于无主题句的段落。考生可以通 7.the park authorities 过关键词“classic cone shapes(典型的圆锥 8.far beyond the scale 体形状)”、“However(但是)”、还有“asec (二)由文本积累阅读词汇 ond type of volcano(另一种类型的火山)”， 1.volcano n. 这种山“burst open'”,只“留下a vast hole, 2.scale n. the caldera(火山口)”。综合这些信息，本段 3.altogether adv. 的大意就显而易见了一讲述两种不同类 4.extinct adj. 型的火山。故第2题选A项。 5.explosive adj. ◆[针对训练](2024·新课标I卷，B Paragraph 6.thoughtful adj. 3)Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious 7.assumption n. heart condition.After Charlie had a heart 8.acre n. attack,Tindale says,she was prepared to (三)由文本辨熟词生义（将词义对应的字母填 put him to sleep,but Farber's treatments 到横线上) eased her dog's suffering so much that she 1.feature was able to keep him alive for an additional A.n.特色 B.n.地理特征 five months.And Priscilla Dewing reports C.0.以…为特色 D.0.由…主演 that her horse,Nappy,"moves more easily and rides more comfortably"after a chiro- D...that's what accounted for all its hot practic adjustment. springs and other steamy features. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? 2It's a great film and it features a Spanish ac- A.Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B.The complexity of veterinarians'work. tor who is going to be a world star within a C.Examples of rare animal diseases. year. D.The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 2.form A.u.形成 B.n.形式 C温馨提 学习至此，请完成配套训练课时冲关5 C.o.建立 D.n.表格 ·36UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS 聚焦层级突破第一板块 l.①ruins②yourself③in④The whole city lay in ruins 2.①buried her face in her hands②Buried③Burying ④was buried in 3.①in②to③supply you with④supply whatever you need to you 4.①on②survived③survival④survivors⑤non smokers will survive smokers much longer 5.①I calmed down②keep calm③calm yourself down gave his wife a call calmly 6.总结规律由此及彼 答案：on business/on holiday/on vacation/on duty/on show/on exhibition/on move等。 ①（钟）敲②侵袭③突然想到④打动，迷住⑤It struck John that It hit John that DIt occurred to John that 7.①effective②affect③be put into effect ④has a great effect on &.①in②on③down④over⑤made by hand 9.①up②aside③away④out⑤was swept off my feet 第二板块 1.Dtoo difficult for me to solve 2 they are too busy to volunteer 3can not/never be too careful 2.总结规律由此及彼 答案：wish that/,if only(要是…就好了)；would rather that/prefer that(宁愿…)；if引导的虚拟条件句。 ①had happened②were③to say④they just sit around not doing much 进阶多维检测维度1 1.disasters 2.shocked 3.have been delivered 4.power- ful 5.calmly 6.sufferer 7.deaths 8.wisdom 9.elec- tricity 10.length 维度2 1.in 2.than 3.which 4.in 5.on 6.that 7.when 8.With 维度3[参考范文] Notice To help you know more about fire safety,a lecture is scheduled to kick off at 3 pm in the lecture hall this Friday. Firstly,the fireman invited will introduce the possible causes of a fire.Then he will show us how to use a fire ex- tinguisher,and how to sound the alarm.Finally,a fire es- cape drill is arranged to ensure us students to learn the right steps to take in case a fire breaks out. It is sure to be of great significance.Do come and at- tend the lecture. Students'Union 读后续写微技能5 ①chat online②online community③group chats 培优提能加餐培优1 一、1.n.连绵弯曲的地带2.u.大量涌入3.u.使…觉 得4.n.休克；电击 二、1.D2.B3.C4.F5.A 培优2真题再做 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。20世纪60年代，Bob Christiansen在研究黄石国家公园的火山历史时，对一件以 前从未困扰过任何人的事情感到困惑：他找不到公园里的 火山。 l.D[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Bob Christiansen became..the park's volcano”可知，Bob Christiansen对 黄石国家公园的火山的准确位置感到困惑。] 2.A[段落大意题。根据第二段的内容尤其第一句和“a second less known type of..a vast hole'”可知，该段主 要讲两类火山的形态。] ·34 参考答案 3.C[词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句和第三句可知 NASA拍摄了黄石国家公园的照片，Christiansen在照 片上看到公园的全景。由此可推知，blow-up意为“放大 的照片”。] 素材积累 (一)1.火山的历史2.堆积3.困惑的所有者4.达到 5.一个大裂缝6.一些新的高空摄像机7.公园管理局 8.远远超出此规模 (二)1.火山2.规模3.完全4.灭绝的5.爆炸的 6.深思的7.假定8.英亩 (三)1.①B②D2.①A②D 针对训练 D[本段是文章的第三自然段。本段列举了两种动物： 狗和马。两种动物在使用“holistic medicine'”之后，都 “effective(有效)”：狗多活了五个月；马活动更加自 由了。] UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD 聚焦层级突破第一板块 l.①Referred②reference③you(should)refer to books 4is often referred to as 2.①based②basic③basis ④is based⑤Based 3.①variety②various③varies④with ⑤various/a variety of/varieties of 4.①in②were③inspires me to major in English 5.①has been tried②waiting③of④are plastic straws the biggest source of plastic pollution 5 as a means of communication 6.①being given②bringing③appreciation④I'dap preciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer 7.①doing②equally③equality④in⑤am equal to the job 8.①demanded②(should)be sent③demanding g.①related related②to③relations④are partly re lated to 10.Ddates back to my childhood 2up to date with mod- ern technology are out of date 第二板块 1.①is of great use for②is very useful for 2.①whatever②No matter when you travel③whatever difficulties might arise Whoever/No matter who you are 3.①the fewer mistakes②The harder you work③the more patience you practice 进阶多维检测维度1 1.regardless 2.demanding 3.reference 4.global 5.description 6.various 7.equally 8.basis 9.majority 10.appreciation 维度2 1.on 2.back 3.as 4.for 5.to 6.towards 7.of 8.when 维度3[参考范文] Learning English Beyond the Classroom Nowadays,with the growing popularity of smartpho- nes and computers,an increasing number of students are choosing to learn English beyond the classroom in various ways. It can easily be seen that the percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and watching Eng- lish movies is respectively 65 and 50%.However,those choosing reading English books and visiting English learn- ing websites only account for 18%and 12%. As far as I'm concerned,it is a disturbing trend.For students,what benefits most to their study is reading Eng- lish books.Because of their lack of self-discipline,they're