必修第1册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2027年高考英语一轮复习（人教版）

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考核心考点，涵盖词汇（拼写、语境运用、熟词生义）、语法句型（as if虚拟语气、be doing sth when...）及写作（应用文、读后续写），按“基础积累—语法突破—综合应用”逻辑架构知识体系。通过考点梳理（如重点词汇affect/shock的用法拓展）、方法指导（构词法记忆名词后缀-th）、真题训练（2023-2025年高考真题融入）等环节，帮助学生突破词汇语境应用、复杂句型运用难点，体现复习教学的系统性与针对性。 资料以语言能力和思维品质培养为核心，创新采用“词汇—句型—写作”联动训练模式。例如在词汇复习中结合熟词生义（如slide表“忽视不管”）提升语境理解能力，在句型训练中通过真题例句（2023新课标Ⅰ卷as if句型）强化虚拟语气应用。设置分层练习（单词拼写、语境运用、完成句子）及写作模板（应用文3段式），确保学生高效掌握考点，为教师精准把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支撑。

Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．(2025·全国二卷)I feared that my classmates might grow tired of my efforts (努力，艰难的尝试) or even lose patience with me. 2．(2025·全国一卷)The moment my brother opened the door, I hugged him tightly，his eyes flooded (大量涌入) with tears.(动作＋情绪描写) 3．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Having waved (挥手；招手) goodbye to him, I sprinted towards the bus, leaving him behind with a promise to settle the fare upon my return. 4．(2026·广东广州联考)Kicking off my shoes, I let my backpack slide (滑动) down my arms, and onto the floor. 5．Spreading false information online can do great damage (损害) to a person's reputation, which may take years to repair. 6．A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing three years ago but ruins (废墟). Ⅱ.语境运用 1．(2025·浙江1月卷)Here are some tips worth following in order to communicate more effectively (effect). 2．(2025·山东潍坊3月模拟)The event was a remarkable cultural success, serving as a gateway to Chinese wisdom (wise). 3．She has been suffering from the loss of memory since she had that car accident and her suffering is beyond description.(suffer) 4．She rested her chin in her hands, and looked back on those days with affection (affect) and gratitude.(动作描写) 5．We'd like to have these goods delivered now and we are willing to pay extra for the immediate delivery．(deliver) 6．Finally, she managed to reach the top of the mountain, but she was breathless (breath) and tired out. 7．To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands, 675 bridges with a total length (long) of about 160 kilometres were built between Golmud and Lhasa. 8．Remember you will need to have enough food, water and other supplies (supply) for at least 72 hours after the disaster. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)一听到他的话，我就目瞪口呆地站在那里，激动得说不出话来。 On hearing his words，I simply stood there dumbfounded，too thrilled to speak． 2．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，读后续写)仿佛过了一个世纪我才从同学们热烈的掌声和欢呼中醒来。 It seemed as if a century had passed before I woke up from my classmates' warm applauses and cheers. 3．(2023·浙江1月卷，读后续写)我正站在汽车旁，这时一只蜂鸟飞到我们小组的中央，开始盘旋。 I was standing by the car when a hummingbird flew to the centre of our group and began hovering. affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动(affection n．感情；喜爱) (1)be deeply/greatly affected by...　　被……深深打动 be affected with ... 染上……疾病 (2)have/feel much/an affection for ... (非常)喜欢……，(非常)喜爱…… (3)have an effect on ... 对……有影响 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①As we know, the environment is facing serious problems, affecting (affect) everyone's life.(2025·北京卷，建议信) ②Deeply affected (affect) by his story, many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled. ③She is an ordinary teacher who loves her work and shows great affection (affect) for her students.(人物描写) ④此外，随机分组可能会导致小组成员语言技能的差距，这可能影响口语练习的效果。(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，建议信) Furthermore, random grouping could result in language skill gaps within the groups, which could affect the effect of oral practice． shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊(shocked adj.感到震惊的 shocking adj.令人震惊的) (1)be a shock to...　　对……而言是一件震惊的事 in shock 吃惊地，震惊地 (2)be shocked that... 对……感到震惊 be shocked to do sth 因做某事而感到震惊 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①In her first P．E.class, Eva was shocked (shock) when Coach Pitt announced that everyone had to run one mile around the track outside.(2024·浙江1月卷) ②他们的母亲既震惊又自豪，她温柔地低声说：“谢谢你们，孩子们。我真的很感激你们为我所做的一切！”(心理描写) Shocked and proud, their mother said in a sweet whisper, “Thanks, my kids.I really appreciate what you have done for me！” ③他的话让我感到无比的兴奋和自豪，我只是震惊地站在那里，我的脚好像扎根在地上一样，一动也不能动。(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，心理描写) Dominated by an overwhelming sense of excitement and pride at his words, I simply stood there in shock, and my feet couldn't move a bit as if rooted to the ground. ④汤姆在马拉松比赛中赢得了冠军，这对我们大家来说非常震惊。(心理描写) Tom won the championship in the marathon，which was a great shock to/greatly shocked us all． suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 (suffering n．折磨；苦难；痛苦 sufferer n．受难者；患者) suffer a lot of pain 　 　遭受巨大的痛苦 suffer severe damage 损失惨重 suffer from 遭受；患病 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The smiles on their faces have deeply touched me and inspired me to devote my life to helping those suffering (suffer) pain.(主旨升华) ②Whenever the scores were announced, Susan felt like a sufferer (suffer)，her heart racing with anxiety.(心理描写) ③得知我的搭档得了重病，我非常焦虑，所以我冲向了医院。(2022·浙江1月卷，读后续写) Knowing that my partner was suffering from a serious illness，I was burning with anxiety，so I darted towards the hospital. bury vt.(buried, buried, burying) 埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏 (1)be buried in＝bury oneself in　　埋头于；专心于 (2)bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面 [练透]　句式升级 ①Hearing the bad news，she buried her face in her hands and burst into tears.(动作描写) →Hearing the bad news，she burst into tears，burying her face in her hands．(分词作状语) →Hearing the bad news，she burst into tears，with her face buried in her hands．(with复合结构) ②I am buried in reading the English newspaper every day and I have gained lots of colorful knowledge.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) →Buried in reading the English newspaper every day，I have gained lots of colorful knowledge. →Burying myself in reading the English newspaper every day，I have gained lots of colorful knowledge. survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过 (survivor n．幸存者 survival n．幸存；生还) survive on　　靠……存活下来 survive sth 幸免于；从……中活过来 A survive B (by＋时间) A比B活得长(……) [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival (survive) from attacks. ②Rowling had spent years surviving (survive) on little money, spending all her time writing.(外研选必一U2) ③生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。(主旨升华) Life isn't about how to survive the storm；it's about learning to dance in the rain. strike vi.& vt.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打；(时钟等)敲响；擦(火柴)；撞击；给(某人以……)印象；突然想起 n．罢工；罢课；袭击 (1)be struck by　 　被……打动/迷住了 strike...into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心 (2)strike sb in/on＋the＋身体部位打某人某部位 (3)It strikes/struck sb that... 某人觉得……；某人突然想起…… sth strike sb 某人突然想起…… [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She felt a sharp pain when she was struck (strike) on the leg by a flying ball during the soccer match.(场景描写) ②被他为我所做的事情所感动，我不能自已，感激的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。(心理描写) Struck by what he had done for me，I couldn't contain myself，tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks. ③她突然意识到，目标可以通过小步骤逐步实现。(2024·浙江1月卷，主旨升华) It occurred to/hit/struck her that goals are easier to achieve in small steps. effect n．影响；结果；效果；效力 (effective adj.有效的；有影响的) take effect　　生效；见效 come into effect 生效 have an effect/influence/impact/on/upon 对……产生影响 put...into effect 实施；使……生效/起作用 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Building effective communication skills takes time, but the effects are worth the effort.(effect)(2025·浙江1月卷) ②李白一生创作了大量优秀的诗歌，对中国文化产生了巨大的影响。(2023·全国甲卷，人物描写) During his lifetime, Li Bai wrote a great number of excellent poems，all of which have a great effect/impact/influence on Chinese culture．(定语从句) ③为解决这些问题，希望我的建议不久会付诸实施。(建议信) Hopefully, my recommendations will soon be put into effect to settle these problems. flood n．洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没 (1)a flood of...　　一大批…… in floods of tears 泪如雨下 (2)flood in/into/out of 大量涌入/蜂拥而出 flood back 涌上心头 come flooding back 回忆涌现 (3)a burst/wave/sense/feeling of＋情感名词＋flood/sweep over＋ sb, 表示“某人感到……” [练透]　完成句子 ①一阵恐慌席卷了她全身，但她还是强忍着情绪，平静地离开了房间。(心理描写) A wave of panic swept over/flooded over her, but she forced herself to leave the room calmly. ②独自坐在客厅里，我凝视着墙上的家庭照片，儿时的种种回忆如潮水般涌上心头。(2025·全国一卷，场景描写) Sitting alone in the living room, I stared at the family photos on the wall，memories of our childhood flooding back． ③随着温暖的阳光倾泻而入，他们彼此相伴而坐，心中涌起一股温暖与感激之情。(场景描写) With the warm sunlight flooding in, they enjoyed the company of each other, feeling a wave of warmth and appreciation. ④甜蜜的回忆涌上心头，简哭得像个泪人似的。(情感描写) Sweet memories came flooding back and Jane was in floods of tears． 句型公式： as if...意为“似乎/好像……” 教材原句：It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 仿佛世界末日即将来临！ (1)as if/though陈述语气(真实或极有可能发生的情况) (2)as if/though虚拟语气(不真实或不可能发生的情况) 虚拟现在：did 虚拟过去：had done 虚拟将来：would/might/could＋do [练透]　完成句子 ①他伸展四肢，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋而睁得大大的。(读后续写之动作＋情感描写) He throws his arms and legs out as if he were flying, his eyes wide with excitement. ②在屋内，看着美味的饼干，我们谈笑风生，托比的尾巴欢快地摇着，仿佛我们之间从未发生过任何不愉快的事情。(2025·全国一卷，心理描写) Inside, over the delicious biscuits, we laughed and talked, with Toby' tail wagging happily，as if nothing had ever happened between us． ③眼泪在眼眶里打转，大卫抬起头，看着我，好像要说什么，但是又垂下了头。(心理描写) Tears swirling in his eyes，David raised his head，looked at me as if he would say something/as if (he was) to say something，but lowered his head once again. 句型公式：be doing sth when ...正在做某事这时(突然)…… 教材原句：I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 我正和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭突然水开始涌入家中。 句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时突然”。when表示“这时突然”之意，还用于以下三种句型： be about to do...when... 正要做……突然…… be on the point of doing...when... 正要做……突然…… had (just) done...when... 刚做完……这时突然…… [练透]　完成句子 ①手里捧着罐子，我正匆忙上楼梯，突然我的一只脚被楼梯绊住了。 With the jar in my hands，I was walking upstairs in a hurry when one of my feet was caught on one stair. ②他们正要在户外搭起帐篷，这时一声响亮的口哨声把他们吓坏了。(情感描写) They were about to put up the tent in the open air when a loud whistle frightened them. ③我们刚从着火的房子里逃出来，房子就倒向地面，我们吓得魂不附体。(心理描写) We had just escaped from the burning house when it fell to the ground and we were frightened out of our wits. 　熟词生义 快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思 1．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，阅读D)In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.vt.驱动 2．(2024·浙江1月卷)It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result.v.忽视不管；放任自流 3．(2023·全国甲卷)Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see，and their answer is often the same：a grizzly bear.vi.大量涌入 4．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)？vt.留存 5．She was rushed to the hospital after suffering from shock.n.休克 6．The virus made my computer crash and I lost three hours' work.n.(计算机)瘫痪，死机 7．Birds singing in the tree，the bright five­star red flag waved in the breeze.vi.飘动，起伏 8．Some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.vt.达成(协议、妥协) 　一词多义 1．deliver ①The princess had been delivered of a healthy baby boy，which made the handsome prince wild with excitement. B ②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I bought a desk and asked for it to be delivered to my house this Friday. A ③Good evening，everybody.Professor King will be delivering his lecture in a moment，but let me introduce him first. D ④(2025·浙江1月卷)There's no value in delivering any kind of communication, whether written, spoken, formal, or informal, if the message doesn't come across clearly. C 2．strike A．v.击打 B．v.使突然想起　C．n.罢工 D．v.(灾难、疾病等)袭击　E．v.(钟)敲(熟词生义) ①The workers went on strike to demand better working conditions and higher wages. C ②When I entered the room, the clock had just struck 10. F ③As an old saying goes, “Strike the iron while it's hot.” A ④A big earthquake struck the area last week, which then caused a terrible tsunami. D ⑤It strikes us that we can follow the stream back to the farmhouse. B 　破解构词法密码 词缀记忆法　名词后缀­th表示性质、状态、动作或结果等 规则 典例 直接＋ ­th ①grow→growth　 　增长；生长；成长 ②warm→warmth 温暖 去e＋ ­th ①deep→depth　 　　深度 ②true→truth 真相；真理 ③wide→width 宽度 o变e＋ ­th ①long→length　　　长度 ②strong→strength 力量 特殊记 ①dead→death　　 　死亡 ②young→youth 青春，青年 根据语境用括号内适当形式填空 1．(2025·浙江1月卷)Led by the concept of “right plant, right place”， they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth (grow). 2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)You choose which length (long) you want and it gives you a receipt­like short story. 3．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，写作)The colors are vibrant, and I used a mix of techniques to create texture and depth (deep). Ⅰ.应用文写作提分练—告知信(安全进校园活动) 3段式：活动的时间、地点或目的→活动详情介绍→期待参加 用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作并背诵全文。 假定你是高三学生李华。在全国防灾减灾日到来之际，你们学校开展了一次以“安全进校园”为主题的教育活动。你校国际部交换生Jim对此很感兴趣，发来邮件询问。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1．活动目的； 2．活动安排。 第一步　斟酌词句　靓化表达(黑体部分请用本单元所复习的词汇和句式) 1．得知你对“安全教育进校园”活动很感兴趣，我很高兴与你分享。 Learning that you are interested in the“Safety Education into Campus” event, I am glad to share it with you． 2．为响应全国防灾减灾日，我们学校组织了一些活动以提高我们在紧急情况下的自我保护意识。 In response to the National Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day, our school organised activities to raise our awareness of self­protection in the face of emergencies． 3．一位来自专业救援队的专家就火灾、地震等灾害发生时如何应对做讲座，为我们提供了疏散的基本知识。 An expert from a professional rescue team delivered a lecture on how to react when disasters strike us, such as fires and earthquakes, equipping us with basics of evacuation．(分词短语作状语) 4．我们制作了有关应对灾害的实用技巧的小册子，并在校园里分发，以进一步向学生传播安全知识。 We made brochures concerning the practical tips on dealing with disasters and handed them out on campus to further spread the safety knowledge among students. 5．我为你准备了一本英文小册子。希望能有所帮助。 I have prepared an English brochure for you．Hope it will help. 第二步　恰当过渡　完美成文(请利用恰当的过渡衔接词汇，如firstly, besides等) Dear Jim， Learning that you are interested in the “Safety Education into Campus” event, I am glad to share it with you. In response to the National Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day, our school organised activities to raise our awareness of self­protection in the face of emergencies.Firstly, an expert from a professional rescue team delivered a lecture on how to react when disasters strike us, such as fires and earthquakes, equipping us with basics of evacuation.Besides, we made brochures concerning the practical tips on dealing with disasters and handed them out on campus to further spread the safety knowledge among students. I have prepared an English brochure for you.Hope it will help. Yours， Li Hua Ⅱ.读后续写提升练 Step 1　教材语料 亮词 [情感描写]　shock；in shock；calm；affect；effort [动作描写]　rescue；flood；trap；bury；damage；destroy；aid；sweep away；wave；suffer；survive；shelter；strike；deliver 美句 1.For several days，the water in the village wells rose and fell，rose and fell.(重复) 2．Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide，and fish jumped out of the water.(排比) 3．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！(夸张) 4．Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.(夸张) 5．Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves...(比喻) 6．Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet.(拟人) 7．Slowly，the city began to breathe again.(拟人) 8．Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.(动作描写) 9．Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster，people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.(主旨升华) Step 2　续写微场景练(主题：遇险求生——等待救援→受困时的恐惧→被救后的感悟) 根据续写故事情节和黑体部分的提示， 利用本单元词汇和句式补全续写场景，并背诵。 　　保罗和救援队努力寻找斯科特，并在一个封闭的空间里找到了他，以令人难以置信的幸存结束了这个意外事故。回想起那次可怕的经历，斯科特感谢他的朋友和救援队。当斯科特被困在雪下时，他恐慌不已，希望保罗没有被埋得那么深。他紧紧抓住那微弱的可能性，就像抓住一根能把他拉到安全地带的绳子一样。他费力地吸了几口气，努力通过专注呼吸来保持冷静。时间缓缓流逝。他刚要放弃希望，这时援助到了。在那百万分之一的机会中，他们做到了。阴沉的天空放晴，保罗和斯科特尽情呼吸着新鲜空气，感受生命的重生。 　　　①With great efforts, Paul and the rescue team located Scott and found him alive in an enclosed space, ②ending the accident with an incredible survival．Recalling the frightening experience, Scott thanked his friend and the rescue team.③When Scott was trapped under snow, waves of panic swept over him (时间状语从句＋无灵主语句), hoping that ④Paul was not buried so deep．He held on to that faint possibility like a rope which could pull him to safety.He painstakingly took only tiny breaths, ⑤fighting to stay calm by focusing on breathing (分词短语作状语).Time ticked away slowly.⑥He was about to give up hope when the aid arrived.In that one­in­a­million chance, they made it.With the dull sky clearing up, both Paul and Scott breathed in the fresh air with abandon, feeling the rebirth 佳句仿写(铺灰部分)：温暖的阳光照进来，他们享受着彼此的陪伴，感到一阵温暖和感激。 ⑦With the warm sunlight flooding in, they enjoyed the company of each other, feeling a wave of warmth and appreciation. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $