2027届高三英语二轮复习专项 阅读理解C篇科普说明文（一）

**基本信息** 聚焦前沿科普话题，通过典例系统提炼细节理解、词义猜测等题型解法，融合语言能力与思维品质，构建“话题-题型-方法”三维逻辑体系。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |细节理解题|6题|定位原文关键信息，排除绝对化表述|依托科普文“现象-原理-应用”结构，考查信息提取准确性| |词义猜测题|2题|通过上下文语境（如解释、对比）推断词义|基于科普术语与通俗解释的逻辑关联，培养语境分析能力| |推理判断题|3题|依据原文信息进行合理推断，避免过度引申|紧扣科普文“观点-证据”链条，提升逻辑推理素养| |主旨题|3题|概括文章“优势-局限-展望”核心脉络|整合全文结构，强化对科普文论证逻辑的整体把握|

高三 二轮复习专项｜阅读理解C篇·科普说明文 Passage 1（话题：AI加速蛋白质结构研究，前沿生命科学） Passage 2（话题：城市再野化，城市生态科普） Passage 3（话题：碎片化睡眠，脑科学健康科普） Passage 4（话题：深海微生物，海洋碳循环科普） Passage 1（话题：AI加速蛋白质结构研究，前沿生命科学） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Powered by advanced artificial‑intelligence models, scientists can now predict the 3‑D shapes of millions of proteins far faster than traditional lab experiments. Tools such as AlphaFold have greatly cut down the time required to map protein structures, which are fundamental for developing new medicines and understanding biological processes. Before such AI systems appeared, solving one single protein structure might take researchers months or even years of repeated laboratory work. Yet the scientific community warns against over‑optimism. AI predictions are not real experimental evidence. A model can produce a seemingly correct structure, but it sometimes creates false information known as “hallucinations”. Without real‑world tests, those imaginary structures may mislead drug‑development teams and waste research resources. Besides, most AI models are trained on existing public data sets, so they struggle to handle completely unknown proteins rarely seen in nature. Researchers do not plan to abandon this powerful tool. Instead, they are building a new workflow: AI generates possible structures first, and human scientists carry out precise experiments to confirm or correct those results. This human‑machine partnership combines the speed of computing with the reliability of hands‑on tests. Many biologists believe that this cooperative pattern will speed up breakthroughs in treating rare diseases, though the journey still requires long‑term efforts. 1. What advantage does AI bring to protein research according to Paragraph 1? A. It removes all risks in drug tests. B. It shortens the time of structure prediction. C. It directly produces new kinds of medicine. D. It replaces human biologists completely. 2. What does the underlined word “hallucinations” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Mistaken outputs B. Old‑ fashioned theories C. Statistical data D. Experimental records 3. What can we infer about the new research workflow? A. AI works alone to finish the whole task. B. Human scientists check AI‑produced results. C. It has already cured many rare diseases. D. It avoids using any public training data. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. The Limits of Modern Artificial‑intelligence Industry B. How Proteins Control the Human Body C. AI Speeds up Protein Research, with Clear Limits D. Breakthroughs Made in Modern Drug‑production Labs Passage 2（话题：城市再野化，城市生态科普） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Urban rewilding refers to the practice of restoring wild natural environments inside heavily‑built‑up city areas. Instead of keeping every park neatly trimmed with lawns and decorative flowers, city planners leave some spaces to develop naturally, creating homes for native insects, birds and small mammals. In recent years, this eco‑project has spread across European and Asian big cities. The environmental gains are obvious. Wild plant communities can ease the urban heat‑island effect, absorb polluted rainwater and support local pollinators such as wild bees. Surveys also show that citizens living close to rewilded sites report lower stress levels. However, urban rewilding meets real‑world barriers. Open land within downtown districts is extremely expensive. Some local residents worry that untended wild areas will attract snakes or create untidy sights. Others doubt whether these projects can produce long‑term ecological benefits. City planners argue that rewilding does not mean leaving public spaces totally uncontrolled. Teams of ecologists watch over these sites and carry out gentle management when necessary. Successful cases show that well‑designed urban rewilding can balance human needs and wildlife protection. It is not a perfect solution, but it offers a promising path toward greener, more livable modern cities. 1. What is the core idea of “urban rewilding”? A. Building more man‑made lawns in city parks. B. Restoring natural wild spaces within cities. C. Moving wild animals from mountains into towns. D. Removing all plants from downtown areas. 2. What is one difficulty for urban rewilding projects? A. The high cost of city land. B. Lack of decorative flower seeds. C. Citizens refusing to live near parks. D. Ecologists having no time for observation. 3. What is planners’ attitude towards urban rewilding? A. Doubtful and passive B. Cautiously supportive C. Completely uninterested D. Strongly opposed 4. What does the text mainly talk about? A. The bad influence of city heat islands B. Different ways to build city public parks C. Advantages and challenges of urban rewilding D. How wild bees change city ecosystems Passage 3（话题：碎片化睡眠，脑科学健康科普） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Many people believe they can get enough rest by taking several short sleep periods throughout the day. But sleep scientists point out that fragmented sleep, broken into many separate short blocks, cannot fully replace one long night‑time sleep. Human brains go through several repeating sleep cycles, each including light sleep, deep sleep and rapid‑eye‑movement (REM) sleep. Deep‑sleep stages are necessary for physical recovery, while REM sleep helps the brain sort memories and process emotions. If sleep is repeatedly interrupted, people rarely reach the longest deep‑sleep and REM stages. A recent lab experiment asked healthy volunteers to sleep in separate 90‑minute blocks over three days. Although the total sleeping time stayed the same as their usual night rest, most participants reported worse concentration, easier temper and slower reaction speed. Their blood tests also showed higher stress‑related hormone levels. Researchers admit that short naps do bring temporary energy. But naps cannot complete the full cycle that long‑period sleep provides. For people with busy schedules, experts do not advise cutting night‑sleep length to fit more daytime naps. When night‑time sleep cannot be avoided from being broken, people should try to keep each single sleep period as long as possible instead of splitting rest into many tiny pieces. 1. What is the finding of the lab experiment? A. Short‑block sleep harmed the volunteers’ mental state. B. Total sleep time decides the quality of rest directly. C. Volunteers reacted faster after daytime short sleeps. D. Hormone levels dropped greatly after broken‑up rest. 2. What does “fragmented sleep” in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Long‑time continuous night sleep B. Sleep split into many short‑time parts C. Sleep with only deep‑sleep stages D. Sleep without any dreaming periods 3. What suggestion do scientists give to busy people? A. Replace all night‑sleep with long afternoon naps. B. Try not to separate rest into too many tiny parts. C. Finish one full sleep cycle within 30 minutes. D. Keep awake for at least 16 hours every single day. 4. What is the main theme of the passage? A. How REM sleep creates human dreams B. Methods to improve our sleeping environment C. Why broken‑up sleep cannot replace long‑time rest D. The biological functions of different sleep stages Passage 4（话题：深海微生物，海洋碳循环科普） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Deep‑sea microbes, tiny living creatures invisible to human eyes, play a hidden but huge role in our planet’s carbon cycle. Near the ocean surface, marine algae absorb carbon dioxide through photosynthesis. When these algae die, some sink down to the dark deep‑sea zone. A large group of bacteria and archaea break down the sinking organic matter, locking part of the carbon into deep‑sea sediments for hundreds or even thousands of years. This natural process helps slow climate warming. For a long time, scientists knew very little about deep‑sea microbes. The deep ocean stays under extreme pressure, with almost no sunlight and very low temperature. Collecting live samples is expensive and technically difficult. Thanks to new remote‑controlled underwater vehicles, research teams can now gather more data from depths below 4000 meters. They have found unknown microbial species and mapped their activity patterns. Still, big puzzles remain. Researchers are not sure how global warming changes deep‑sea microbial activity. Warmer surface‑ocean water may affect algae growth, which further changes the amount of carbon that falls downwards. Since deep‑sea ecosystems develop extremely slowly, long‑term observation projects are required to record these changes. Understanding these tiny creatures is critical for predicting the future speed of climate change on Earth. 1. What function do deep‑sea microbes serve in the carbon cycle? A. They produce carbon dioxide for sea algae. B. They help store carbon in deep‑sea sediments. C. They stop dead algae from sinking to the bottom. D. They carry out photosynthesis in total darkness. 2. Why was deep‑sea microbial research slow in the past? A. There was no carbon‑related data on oceans. B. Microbes could not survive inside research labs. C. Deep‑sea environment makes sample‑collecting hard. D. No scientists were interested in deep‑sea creatures. 3. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Global warming has no influence on deep‑sea zones. B. Scientists have fully understood all microbial species. C. Long‑term monitoring is necessary for further study. D. Algae will disappear completely with ocean warming. 4. What is the author’s purpose of writing the text? A. To explain the importance of deep‑sea microbes and related research. B. To introduce different kinds of sea‑living algae worldwide. C. To describe the geography of the deepest parts of oceans. D. To call for immediate protection against ocean pollution. 参考答案与逐题详细解析 Passage 1 1. 答案：B 考点：细节理解题 解析：根据第一段“Tools such as AlphaFold have greatly cut down the time required to map protein structures”可知，人工智能极大缩短了蛋白质结构预测的耗时。A、D表述过于绝对；C错误，AI不能直接生产新药。 翻译：AI给蛋白质研究带来什么优势？它缩短了结构预测的时间。 2. 答案：A 考点：词义猜测题 解析：前文指出AI模型有时输出看似正确实则虚假的结构，因此hallucinations在这里指人工智能产生的错误输出。 翻译：第二段划线单词“hallucinations”最可能的含义是：错误输出。 3. 答案：B 考点：推理判断题 解析：第三段提到“AI generates possible structures first, and human scientists carry out precise experiments to confirm or correct those results”，人类科学家验证、修正AI输出的结果。A、D与原文相反；C时态错误，该模式尚未治愈大量罕见病。 翻译：关于这套新型研究流程我们能够推断出：人类科学家核验人工智能生成的结果。 4. 答案：C 考点：主旨‑标题题 解析：全文逻辑：第一段介绍AI加速蛋白质研究；第二自然段指出它存在明显缺陷；第三段提出人机协同方案。标题需要同时包含优势与局限。其余选项只覆盖文章局部信息。 翻译：最合适的标题：人工智能加速蛋白质研究，但存在明确局限。 Passage 2 1. 答案：B 考点：细节理解题 解析：文章首段直接给出定义“Urban rewilding refers to the practice of restoring wild natural environments inside heavily‑built‑up city areas”。A是传统公园模式；C、D完全曲解原文。 翻译：“城市再野化”的核心理念：在城市内部修复野生自然空间。 2. 答案：A 考点：细节理解题 解析：第二段“Open land within downtown districts is extremely expensive”点明核心阻碍：城市土地成本高昂。其余选项在文中没有依据。 翻译：城市再野化项目面临的一项困难：城市土地价格高昂。 3. 答案：B 考点：观点态度题 解析：城市规划者认可城市再野化的价值，但主张进行适度人为管控，并非完全放任，因此态度是谨慎支持（cautiously supportive）。 翻译：城市规划者对于城市再野化的态度：谨慎支持。 4. 答案：C 考点：主旨大意题 解析：整篇说明文客观介绍城市再野化带来的生态、心理益处，同时列举现实阻碍，最后说明管控方案。C完整概括全文主线。 翻译：文章主要讲述：城市再野化的优势与现实挑战。 Passage 3 1. 答案：A 考点：细节理解题 解析：第二段实验结果“most participants reported worse concentration, easier temper and slower reaction speed”，碎片化睡眠损害受试者精神状态。B错误，总时长相同，休息质量却不一样；C、D和原文事实相反。 翻译：实验室实验得出的结论：分段式睡眠损害受试者的精神状态。 2. 答案：B 考点：词义猜测题 解析：第一段“fragmented sleep, broken into many separate short blocks”给出同位解释，指被切分成许多小段的睡眠。 翻译：第一段“fragmented sleep”含义：被切分为许多短时段的睡眠。 3. 答案：B 考点：细节理解题 解析：文章末段“try to keep each single sleep period as long as possible instead of splitting rest into many tiny pieces”给出专家建议，不要把休息切分成过多细碎片段。 翻译：科学家给作息繁忙人群的建议：尽量不要把休息拆成过多很短的片段。 4. 答案：C 考点：主旨‑标题题 解析：文章开篇抛出核心观点：碎片化睡眠无法替代完整的夜间长睡眠；后文借助实验、睡眠周期原理展开论证。C精准概括全文核心。 翻译：本篇文章的主题：为什么分段睡眠无法替代长时间完整休息。 Passage 4 1. 答案：B 考点：细节理解题 解析：第一段“A large group of bacteria and archaea break down the sinking organic matter, locking part of the carbon into deep‑sea sediments”深海微生物分解有机质，将一部分碳封存在深海沉积物中，延缓气候变暖。A、C、D均违背原文事实。 翻译：深海微生物在碳循环中的作用：它们帮助将碳储存在深海沉积物之中。 2. 答案：C 考点：细节理解题 解析：第二段“The deep ocean stays under extreme pressure…Collecting live samples is expensive and technically difficult”点明过去研究进展缓慢的根源：深海极端环境，活体样本采集难度大。 翻译：过去深海微生物研究进展缓慢的原因：深海环境造成样本采集十分困难。 3. 答案：C 考点：推理判断题 解析：最后一段“long‑term observation projects are required to record these changes”可以推出，想要进一步研究，必须开展长期监测。A、B表述绝对；D无原文支撑。 翻译：我们可以从最后一段得知：长期监测对后续研究十分必要。 4. 答案：A 考点：写作目的题 解析：作者写作目的：向读者科普深海微小微生物在地球碳循环中的关键作用，同时介绍当下研究现状与未解难题。B、C、D只是局部细节，不是写作意图。 翻译：作者的写作目的：阐释深海微生物的重要意义以及相关科研进展。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $