高考英语阅读理解C篇 科普说明文 （三）2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦前沿科普主题，通过四篇典型文本系统训练细节理解、推理判断等题型，解析提炼定位、语境分析等实用方法，构建“主题-题型-解法”逻辑链条，提升语言理解与思维辨析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |科普阅读|4篇文本16题，涵盖环境、科技等前沿主题|细节题定位关键词，推理题规避绝对化表述，词义题结合上下文语境，主旨题抓核心话题|遵循“现象介绍-影响分析-挑战/意义”科普文结构，题型与文本信息层级对应，实现“定位-理解-推断”逻辑训练|

高考英语阅读理解C篇（科普说明文） （2026前沿热点）城市野化修复 （2026前沿热点）AI饮食热量测算APP缺陷 （2026前沿热点）天问二号小行星采样 （2026前沿热点）森林野火生成风暴云现象 Passage 1 话题：城市野化修复 Urban Rewilding 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 As more people crowd into cities worldwide, biodiversity loss has become a serious urban problem. A rising practice called urban rewilding aims to restore native natural ecosystems within city boundaries, rather than building traditional well‑kept ornamental parks. It turns empty lots, abandoned industrial land and road edges into wildlife‑friendly habitats with local plants. Unlike ordinary city parks with neatly trimmed grass and non‑native flowers, rewilded spaces grow native bushes and wild grasses. They supply food and shelter for bees, birds and small mammals. Research shows such areas can ease the urban heat‑island effect, reduce flood risks during heavy rains and improve local air quality. Besides, citizens living nearby report lower stress levels after these wild green spaces appear in neighborhoods. Nevertheless, urban rewilding meets real‑world barriers. City land is expensive and limited. Some local residents worry untamed plants will cause mess or attract unwanted insects. City planners also face budget pressure, since long‑term management of native plant communities still requires regular observation and proper adjustment. Urban rewilding does not mean completely giving up human control over city land. It seeks a balance between human living needs and wildlife survival. It offers an inspiring thought: cities do not have to be totally separated from nature. 1. What is the goal of urban rewilding? A. To build more traditional ornamental city parks. B. To rebuild native natural ecosystems inside cities. C. To remove all green plants from abandoned industrial land. D. To increase land prices of downtown business districts. 2. What benefit can rewilded urban spaces bring to local citizens? A. They completely prevent heavy‑rain floods in cities. B. They make house prices drop sharply in surrounding blocks. C. They help ease local people’s mental pressure. D. They provide large amounts of farmland for vegetable planting. 3. What can we infer about urban rewilding from the text? A. It demands certain financial support for long‑term management. B. It has been widely accepted by every city resident without doubt. C. It requires people to give up all human activities in cities. D. It can be carried out without considering land costs. 4. What does the underlined word “untamed” in paragraph 3 mean? A. well‑decorated B. wild and unmanaged C. highly‑priced D. seldom‑seen Passage 2 话题：AI饮食热量测算APP的误差问题 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Many smartphone applications powered by artificial intelligence promise easy calorie calculation. Users only need to take photos of their meals, and the AI system will analyze food composition and give estimated calorie values automatically. For people keeping on diet or controlling body weight, such apps seem like perfect daily helpers. However, a recent test carried out by nutrition researchers shows obvious shortcomings of these popular AI calorie‑tracking tools. Researchers prepared carefully measured test meals of different styles. Results suggested most tested applications underestimated total calorie and fat intake by roughly one‑third. High‑fat dishes produced the largest calculation errors, while carbohydrate‑heavy food items obtained relatively more reliable data. Why do such big mistakes happen? Photos cannot fully show food thickness, oil amount and hidden sauces. Even small amounts of cooking oil or creamy dressing, invisible from pictures, will greatly change total energy values. AI can identify food types from images, but it struggles to judge exact portions and hidden ingredients. Nutrition experts warn users not to fully depend on AI photo‑based calorie counts. These apps can serve as loose references, yet they cannot replace professional diet guidance. People with special health conditions should turn to qualified dietitians rather than trust smartphone results blindly. 1. What function do AI‑powered calorie‑tracking apps provide? A. They give precise diet guidance for patients for free. B. They calculate meal calories according to food photos. C. They help users cook low‑fat healthy dishes directly. D. They can remove fat inside human bodies automatically. 2. Which kind of food brings about the biggest calculation error for the tested AI apps? A. Carbohydrate‑rich food B. Fresh fruit with low sugar C. Dishes containing much fat D. Plain boiled vegetables 3. What can we infer from paragraph 3? A. Invisible cooking oil will hardly influence meal calorie levels. B. AI photo analysis fails to judge hidden ingredients and real food amounts. C. Taking clearer photos can totally wipe out calculation mistakes of AI apps. D. AI can accurately measure cooking oil amount just through food pictures. 4. Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text? A. Hidden weaknesses of AI calorie‑tracking food applications B. New methods for people to lose weight without dieting C. Reasons why high‑fat food is harmful to physical health D. Advantages of professional dietitians over smartphone users Passage 3 话题：天问二号小行星采样探测任务 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 China’s Tianwen‑2 mission marks an important step in near‑earth‑asteroid exploration. The space probe is designed to fly toward a small near‑earth asteroid, collect surface samples and bring them back to our planet for laboratory research. After finishing sample‑return work, the spacecraft will continue its journey toward a special object that is both an asteroid and a comet. Scientists expect asteroid samples can answer basic questions about the early solar system. The rock pieces carry chemical information dating back billions of years. By studying returned material, researchers hope to learn more about planet formation and the source of water and organic substances on Earth. Carrying out such deep‑space exploration brings huge technical challenges. The target asteroid travels at extremely high speed in complex orbits. The probe must carry out accurate navigation to approach the tiny object safely. Sample collection also requires stable robotic operations under distant space conditions, with no chance for quick manual adjustment from ground control. Tianwen‑2 is not only a technical project. It represents human curiosity about space origin. Though difficulties remain, the mission opens new windows for humans to understand the solar system’s distant past. 1. What is the main task of Tianwen‑2 at first? A. To build research bases on the surface of the moon. B. To collect samples from a near‑earth asteroid and bring them back. C. To send astronauts to travel across the whole solar system. D. To stop small asteroids from hitting our planet completely. 2. What information can asteroid samples offer to researchers? A. Detailed records of human space exploration history. B. Chemical clues about the early solar system’s development. C. Complete blueprints for building new‑style space probes. D. Real‑time weather data of distant planets around the sun. 3. What can we infer about Tianwen‑2 from paragraph 3? A. Ground workers can adjust the probe’s operation instantly at any moment. B. The target asteroid’s movement creates navigation difficulties for the probe. C. The spacecraft has already finished all sample‑collecting tests successfully. D. The asteroid is moving at very low speed in simple fixed orbits. 4. What does the underlined word “manual” in paragraph 3 mean? A. machine‑operated B. remote‑controlled C. human‑operated D. computer‑programmed Passage 4 话题：野火催生风暴云 Fire‑generated storm clouds 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Severe wildfires in southern Europe have produced a surprising natural phenomenon: fire‑generated storm clouds. Powerful wildfire heat lifts huge amounts of smoke, hot air and water vapor high into the atmosphere. Under proper weather conditions, these materials form tall storm clouds known as pyrocumulonimbus. These fire‑generated clouds behave much like ordinary thunder‑storm clouds. They can produce lightning, heavy local rainfall and even sudden strong winds. However, they carry large quantities of smoke and ash inside. Lightning strikes from such clouds may start brand‑new extra wildfires far away from the original burning zone, adding trouble for fire‑fighting teams. Rain falling through ash will turn into muddy precipitation, bringing pollution down to ground level. Climate researchers point out that global warming raises wildfire frequency and intensity. As a result, scientists observe more fire‑generated storm clouds in recent decades. Yet the complex formation conditions for these special clouds remain not fully understood. Weather forecasting systems still struggle to predict exactly when and where such fire storms will appear. Fire‑generated storms show that wildfires are more than simple local disasters. They can interact powerfully with the whole atmosphere. Better research on such phenomena will help improve wildfire risk warning in fire‑prone regions. 1. What leads to the formation of pyrocumulonimbus? A. Volcanic lava flowing down mountain slopes. B. Heat, smoke and vapor lifted by big wildfires. C. Heavy seasonal rainfalls in forest areas. D. Industrial waste gas released by city factories. 2. What negative influence may fire‑generated storm clouds bring? A. They may cause new wildfires through lightning. B. They can completely put out large‑scale wildfires instantly. C. They stop all local rainfall in fire‑affected districts. D. They remove smoke and ash out of the atmosphere totally. 3. What can we infer from paragraph 3? A. Scientists have already mastered every formation rule of fire‑born clouds. B. Climate warming may contribute to more fire‑generated storm‑cloud events. C. Weather systems can accurately predict fire storms without any difficulty. D. The number of such special clouds has dropped greatly in recent years. 4. Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text? A. A special atmospheric product caused by severe wildfires B. Different kinds of common thunder‑storm clouds on our planet C. Effective ways to prevent large‑scale forest wildfires D. How rainfall reduces air pollution in mountain areas 参考答案与详细解析 Passage1 答案：1.B 2.C 3.A 4.B 1. B 细节理解。定位第一段“A rising practice called urban rewilding aims to restore native natural ecosystems within city boundaries”，城市野化修复目标是在城市重建本土自然生态系统。 A：建造更多传统观赏公园，与原文rather than building traditional well‑kept ornamental parks相反； C：清除废弃工业用地全部绿植，原文是改造，不是清除； D：推高商业区地价，文中无相关信息。 2. C 细节理解。定位第二段“citizens living nearby report lower stress levels after these wild green spaces appear in neighborhoods”，野化绿地有助于缓解居民精神压力。 A：彻底阻止城市暴雨洪水，completely绝对化，原文只是reduce flood risks； B：造成周边房价暴跌，原文没有房价下降信息； D：提供大片种菜农田，无中生有。 3. A 推理判断。定位第三段“City planners also face budget pressure, since long‑term management of native plant communities still requires regular observation and proper adjustment”，长期维护城市野化项目需要一定资金支持。 B：毫无争议被全部居民接受，原文存在居民担忧； C：要求人类放弃城市一切活动，末段说不代表放弃人类管控； D：不用考虑土地成本，原文城市土地昂贵有限。 4. B 词义猜测。untamed修饰plants，上下文居民担心这类植物乱糟糟、招虫子，对应“野生、无人打理的”。well‑decorated装饰精美的；highly‑priced高价的；seldom‑seen罕见的。A/C/D语境不匹配。 Passage2 答案：1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 1. B 细节理解。定位第一段“Users only need to take photos of their meals, and the AI system will analyze food composition and give estimated calorie numbers automatically”，AI热量测算APP依靠食物照片估算热量。 A：免费给病人专业饮食指导，末段说明不能替代专业营养师； C：直接帮用户烹饪低脂菜肴，原文没有烹饪功能； D：自动消耗人体脂肪，无中生有。 2. C 细节理解。定位第二段“High‑fat dishes produced the largest calculation errors”，高脂肪菜品计算误差最大。 A：碳水为主食物误差更小； B：低糖鲜果、D白水煮菜，文中没有说二者误差最大。 3. B 推理判断。定位第三段“AI can identify food types from images, but it struggles to judge exact portions and hidden ingredients”，AI照片识别难以判断隐藏配料和真实食物分量。 A：看不见的食用油几乎不影响热量，原文会极大改变热量； C：拍更清晰照片能彻底消除误差，原文根源是照片看不到油量酱料； D：AI仅凭图片精准测出用油量，与原文事实相反。 4. A 主旨标题。全文介绍AI拍照算热量APP的优势，重点揭示它存在明显缺陷与误差。 B：不节食减肥新方法，偏离主题； C：高脂肪食物有害健康，只是细节引子，不是文章中心； D：营养师对比手机用户，并非全文论述对象。 Passage3 答案：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.C 1. B 细节理解。定位第一段“The space probe is designed to fly toward a small near‑earth asteroid, collect surface samples and bring them back to our planet for laboratory research”，天问二号首要任务是近地小行星采样返回。 A：月球建科研基地，本文讲小行星； C：送宇航员穿越太阳系，没有载人； D：完全阻止小行星撞击地球，文中没有该任务。 2. B 细节理解。定位第二段“The rock pieces carry chemical information dating back billions of years. By studying returned material, researchers hope to learn more about planet formation and the source of water and organic substances on Earth”，小行星样本携带早期太阳系化学线索。 A：人类太空探索记录；C：探测器建造图纸；D：遥远行星实时气象，原文均没有。 3. B 推理判断。定位第三段“The target asteroid travels at extremely high speed in complex orbits. The probe must carry out accurate navigation to approach the tiny object safely”，小行星高速复杂轨道给探测器导航带来难题。 A：地面人员可以随时立刻调整探测器，原文没有快速人工调整机会； C：探测器已经全部完成采样测试，任务还在规划阶段； D：小行星低速简单轨道，和原文extremely high speed、complex orbits相反。 4. C 词义猜测。manual adjustment，语境：深空距离遥远，地面无法快速进行人工调整。human‑operated人工操作的；machine‑operated机器操作；remote‑controlled远程控制；computer‑programmed计算机程序控制。A/B/D不符合上下文逻辑。 Passage4 答案：1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 1. B 细节理解。定位第一段“Powerful wildfire heat lifts huge amounts of smoke, hot air and water vapor high into the atmosphere. Under proper weather conditions, these materials form tall storm clouds known as pyrocumulonimbus”，野火产生的热量、烟雾、水汽抬升形成火风暴云。 A：火山熔岩；C：林区季节性大雨；D：工厂工业废气，均不是成因。 2. A 细节理解。定位第二段“Lightning strikes from such clouds may start brand‑new extra wildfires far away from the original burning zone”，云产生的闪电会触发新野火。 B：瞬间彻底扑灭大火，原文加重救火难度； C：让火灾区域完全无降雨，文中会产生局部强降雨； D：彻底清除大气烟尘，云内部含有大量烟尘灰烬。 3. B 推理判断。定位第三段“Climate researchers point out that global warming raises wildfire frequency and intensity. As a result, scientists observe more fire‑generated storm clouds in recent decades”，气候变暖提升野火频次，进而催生更多野火风暴云。 A：科学家已经完全掌握它全部形成规律，原文remain not fully understood； C：气象系统可以精准预测，原文still struggle to predict； D：近几十年数量大幅下降，事实相反。 4. A 主旨标题。整篇文章介绍严重野火催生的特殊大气现象——火风暴云。 B：地球上普通雷雨云的种类；C：森林野火预防手段；D：降雨如何降低山区污染，均偏离文章核心对象。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $