Unit 1 A New Start 单元语法（句子成分和基本句型）-2026-2027学年高一英语必修第一册（外研版）

**基本信息** 聚焦句子成分与基本句型，通过选择与结构分析题组构建从成分识别到句型应用的递进训练体系，助力语言能力中句法理解与表达能力提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单项选择|30题|通过具体句子考查单一成分（主/谓/宾/表/宾补等）及句型结构判断|从核心成分（主谓宾）到复杂成分（同位语/状语）再到句型分类（SVO/SVIO DO等），形成概念认知链| |按要求完成题目|18题|句子结构书面分析与基本结构指出|从成分识别到句型综合应用，强化“成分-结构-表达”逻辑，提升句法思维品质|

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 1 A New Start 句子成分与基本句型 一、单项选择 1．I bought a computer last week. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．定语 2．Lucy likes her new bike. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．定语 3．We call her Lily. A．主语 B．谓语 C．表语 D．宾补 4．What’s the subject complement in the sentence “The door was painted white.”? A．The door B．was painted C．white D．None of them 5．The first week was a little confusing. A．主语 B．宾语 C．谓语 D．表语 6．The meeting held yesterday was important. A．verb B．object C．attributive D．adverbial 7．Jack offered me some helpful advice. A．indirect object B．direct object C．adverbial D．attributive 8．Were you at home last night? A．定语 B．状语 C．宾补 D．表语 9．He bought me a nice present last week. A．宾语 B．直接宾语 C．间接宾语 D．宾补 10．Both sides reached an agreement that they would cooperate instead of fighting. A．定语 B．状语 C．宾语 D．同位语 11．The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching. A．主语 B．同位语 C．宾语 D．宾语补足语 12．You will enjoy personal growth at high school. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．定语 13．Mary’s mother bought her a pet dog as a birthday present. (判断划线词在句子中的成分) A．宾补 (Object complement) B．直接宾语 (Direct object) C．间接宾语 (Indirect object) D．表语 (Predictive) 14．She has been a student for ten years. 句子的谓语是 ________. A．has been B．She C．a student D．for ten years 15．The maths homework looks easy. 以上句子中The maths homework的成分是: A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．状语 16．Analyze the structure of the following sentence: Our teacher told us an interesting story. A．S+V+O+Co B．S+V+Oi+Od C．S+V+C D．S+V+O 17．The sentence structure of “His face turns red.” is  ________. A．SVO B．SV IO DO C．SVOC D．SP 18．Lily’s mother bought her a pet dog as a birthday present是什么句型?. A．SP B．SVOC C．SV IO DO D．SV DO IO 19．They are energetic. A．主谓 B．主谓宾 C．主系表 D．主谓宾宾补 20．We must keep the door open. A．主谓 B．主谓宾 C．主系表 D．主谓宾宾补 21．I find maths difficult. A．主语 B．谓语 C．表语 D．宾补 22．They painted the door green. A．SVP B．SV C．SVO D．SVOC 23．The sentence “He gave his sister a toy.” belongs to the structure of _____. A．Subject + Predicate + Object B．Subject + Linking Verb + Predicative C．Subject + Predicate + Indirect Object + Direct Object D．Subject + Predicate + Object + Complement 24．Which one of the following sentences uses the sentence structure of“主+谓+宾+状”? A．I find it impossible to finish the task in time. B．They are talking about the film at the meeting. C．We have realized the importance of English. D．I will tell my friends this exciting news. 25．Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student. 该句的句子结构是__________. A．SVO B．SVP C．SVOC D．SVOA 26．The economy is developing faster than we expected. A．SV B．SVP C．SVO D．SVOO 27．The universe is getting larger at an exceedingly high speed. A．SV B．SVO C．SVP D．SVOCo 28．Finishing my homework in one hour is now a thing of the past. A．SVO B．SV C．SVP D．SVOiOd 29．Analyze the structure of the following sentence: We consider his behavior to be impolite. A．S+V+O B．S+V+O+C C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+O+A 30．“The cloth feels soft.” The structure of this sentence is________. A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+O D．S+V+A 二、按要求完成题目 写出下列句子的句子结构 31．Does Jennifer live here? ____________________________________________________ 32．Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. ____________________________________________________ 33．The secret of success is honesty and fair dealing. ____________________________________________________ 34．Whaley invites the rest of the class to join him. ____________________________________________________ 35．I heard a knock on the door. ____________________________________________________ 36．This development did not take place overnight. ____________________________________________________ 37．There are times when your heart is not in your work. ____________________________________________________ 38．Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers. ____________________________________________________ 39．It gives us a great feeling of peace. ____________________________________________________ 40．Our hosts shared many of their experiences. ____________________________________________________ 指出下列句子的基本结构 41．There are a lot of fans waiting outside the hall. 42．I hear that his son is responsible for the important project. 43．My aunt bought a lot of different books for me the other day. 44．Look! The players are running very fast. 45．Keeping the balance of nature is really important for us. 46．The accident happened. 47．She gave the girl some food. 48．You should keep the room clean. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 1 A New Start 句子成分与基本句型 一、单项选择 1．I bought a computer last week. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．定语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：我上周买了一台电脑。句子结构为主谓宾状，其中划线词a computer为宾语。故选C。 2．Lucy likes her new bike. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．定语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：露西喜欢她的新自行车。Lucy为主语；likes为谓语；her new bike为宾语。故选A。 3．We call her Lily. A．主语 B．谓语 C．表语 D．宾补 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：我们叫她莉莉。主语（S）：We（我们）；谓语（V）：call（称呼，及物动词）；宾语（O）：her（她）；宾语补足语（OC）：Lily（莉莉）。由此可知，Lily是宾语补足语。故选D。 4．What’s the subject complement in the sentence “The door was painted white.”? A．The door B．was painted C．white D．None of them 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：门被漆成了白色。在被动语态句中，对主语进行补充说明的是主语补足语。此句“The door was painted white.”中，“The door”是主语，“was painted”是谓语，“white”用于补充说明主语“The door”被漆成的颜色，所以主语补足语是“white”。故选C。 5．The first week was a little confusing. A．主语 B．宾语 C．谓语 D．表语 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：第一个星期有点令人困惑。confusing“令人困惑的”位于系动词was后，为表语。故选D。 6．The meeting held yesterday was important. A．verb B．object C．attributive D．adverbial 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子的基本结构与过去分词。句意：昨天举行的会议很重要。分析句子结构可知，主语为The meeting，谓语动词为系动词was，important为表语；held yesterday位于名词之后，修饰名词，所以为定语。故选C。 7．Jack offered me some helpful advice. A．indirect object B．direct object C．adverbial D．attributive 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：杰克给了我一些有用的建议。A.indirect object间接宾语； B.direct object直接宾语；C. adverbial状语；D.attributive定语。本句主语为Jack，谓语为offered，间接宾语为me，指的是接受建议的人，所以划线部分为直接宾语，这是offered的对象，即被提供的具体内容。故选B。 8．Were you at home last night? A．定语 B．状语 C．宾补 D．表语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：你昨晚在家吗？本句是一个一般疑问句，其陈述句形式为you were at home last night。主语为you，were为系动词，at home为表语，last night表示“昨晚”，在句中作时间状语。故选B。 9．He bought me a nice present last week. A．宾语 B．直接宾语 C．间接宾语 D．宾补 【答案】C 【详解】考查宾语。句意：他上周给我买了一个冰礼物。me前是动词，且用的是宾格形式，此处是buy sb. sth.结构，me作间接宾语。故选C项。 10．Both sides reached an agreement that they would cooperate instead of fighting. A．定语 B．状语 C．宾语 D．同位语 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：双方达成协议，他们将合作而不是战斗。Both sides为主语；reached为谓语；an agreement作宾语；that they would cooperate instead of fighting为同位语从句，说明agreement的内容。故选D。 11．The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching. A．主语 B．同位语 C．宾语 D．宾语补足语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：成功的秘诀在于从零开始并坚持不懈。划线词作主语，为主系表结构，不定式作表语。故选A。 12．You will enjoy personal growth at high school. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．定语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：你会在高中享受个人成长。you是主语；will enjoy是谓语；personal growth是宾语；at high school是状语。故填C项。 13．Mary’s mother bought her a pet dog as a birthday present. (判断划线词在句子中的成分) A．宾补 (Object complement) B．直接宾语 (Direct object) C．间接宾语 (Indirect object) D．表语 (Predictive) 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：玛丽的妈妈给她买了一只宠物狗作为生日礼物。buy sb. sth.为固定用法，意为“买给某人某物”，her为“间接宾语”，a pet dog为“直接宾语”。故选C。 14．She has been a student for ten years. 句子的谓语是 ________. A．has been B．She C．a student D．for ten years 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分分析。句意：她当了十年的学生。分析句子结构可知，主语是she；句子时态是现在完成时，谓语是has been；宾语是a student；状语是for ten days。故选A。 15．The maths homework looks easy. 以上句子中The maths homework的成分是: A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．状语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：数学作业看起来很简单。The maths homework 为主语，谓语动词为系动词looks，easy为表语，所以本句为主系表结构。故选A。 16．Analyze the structure of the following sentence: Our teacher told us an interesting story. A．S+V+O+Co B．S+V+Oi+Od C．S+V+C D．S+V+O 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：我们的老师给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。题干要求分析句子结构，Our teacher是主语，tell sb. sth.是动词后接双宾语的结构，故本句是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”，故选B。 17．The sentence structure of “His face turns red.” is  ________. A．SVO B．SV IO DO C．SVOC D．SP 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：“His face turns red.”的句子结构是________。分析“His face turns red.”这个句子可知，“His face (他的脸)”为主语(S)；“turns (变得)”为系动词(V)，表示变化；“red (红色的)”为表语(P)，描述主语状态。因此，这个句子为“主语(S) + 系动词(V) + 表语(P)”结构，称为SVP结构，也可缩称为SP结构。故选D项。 18．Lily’s mother bought her a pet dog as a birthday present是什么句型?. A．SP B．SVOC C．SV IO DO D．SV DO IO 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：莉莉的母亲给她买了一只宠物狗作为生日礼物。分析句子结构，句中Lily’s mother为主语，bought为谓语，her为间接宾语，a pet dog为直接宾语。故选C。 19．They are energetic. A．主谓 B．主谓宾 C．主系表 D．主谓宾宾补 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：他们是精力充沛的。“They”是主语，表示“他们”；“are”是系动词；“energetic”是形容词作表语，整句话的结构是“主系表”结构。故选C项。 20．We must keep the door open. A．主谓 B．主谓宾 C．主系表 D．主谓宾宾补 【答案】D 【详解】考查基本句型。句意：我们必须保持大门敞开。分析句子结构，we是主语，must keep为情态动词+动词，作谓语，the door作宾语，形容词open作宾语补足语。由此可知，这个句子是“主谓宾宾补”结构。故填D。 21．I find maths difficult. A．主语 B．谓语 C．表语 D．宾补 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：我发现数学很难。在句子“I find maths difficult.”中，I是主语，表示“我”；find是谓语，表示“发现”；maths是宾语，表示“数学”；difficult是形容词，用来描述宾语maths的状态或特征，表示“困难的”，是宾语补足语。故选D。 22．They painted the door green. A．SVP B．SV C．SVO D．SVOC 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：他们把门漆成绿色。They是主语，painted是谓语，the door是宾语，green是宾补，故本句是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”句型。故选D。 23．The sentence “He gave his sister a toy.” belongs to the structure of _____. A．Subject + Predicate + Object B．Subject + Linking Verb + Predicative C．Subject + Predicate + Indirect Object + Direct Object D．Subject + Predicate + Object + Complement 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：他给了妹妹一个玩具。在这个句子里，“He”是主语；“gave”是谓语动词；“his sister”是间接宾语；“a toy”是直接宾语。所以该句是“主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语”的结构。故选C项。 24．Which one of the following sentences uses the sentence structure of“主+谓+宾+状”? A．I find it impossible to finish the task in time. B．They are talking about the film at the meeting. C．We have realized the importance of English. D．I will tell my friends this exciting news. 【答案】B 【详解】考查基本句型。A选项中“I为主语；find为谓语，it为形式主语，impossible为宾补，不定式短语to finish the task作真正宾语，in time为介词短语作状语”,句意：我发现按时完成这项任务是不可能的。；B选项中“they作主语，are talking about作谓语，the film作宾语，at the meeting为介词短语作状语”，句意：他们在会上讨论那部电影。；C选项“we作主语，have realized作谓语，the importance作宾语，of English为介词短语作定语修饰名词importance”，句意：我们已经认识到英语的重要性。；D选项“I作主语，will tell作谓语，my friend作间接宾语，this exciting news作直接宾语”，句意：我会告诉我的朋友这个令人兴奋的消息。；根据以上句子结构分析可知，符合“主+谓+宾+状”结构的为选项B。故选B项。 25．Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student. 该句的句子结构是__________. A．SVO B．SVP C．SVOC D．SVOA 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：Tom期待进到新的交换生。根据句子分析可知，此句中，Tom为主语，is looking forward to为谓语动词，meeting the new exchange student为动名词短语作宾语，故句子结构为“主+谓+宾”，故选A。 26．The economy is developing faster than we expected. A．SV B．SVP C．SVO D．SVOO 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：经济发展比我们预期的要快。A. SV主谓；B. SVP主系表；C. SVO主谓宾；D. SVOO主谓宾宾。主语为economy，is developing 为谓语，为主谓句型。故选A。 27．The universe is getting larger at an exceedingly high speed. A．SV B．SVO C．SVP D．SVOCo 【答案】C 【详解】考查基本句型。句意：宇宙正以极高的速度变得越来越大。A. SV主谓；B. SVO主谓宾；C. SVP主系表；D. SVOCo主谓宾宾补。The universe是主语，is getting是系动词，larger是表语，at an exceedingly high speed是状语修饰谓语动词，故该句是主系表结构(SVP)。故选C。 28．Finishing my homework in one hour is now a thing of the past. A．SVO B．SV C．SVP D．SVOiOd 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：在一小时内完成作业已经成为过去式了。Finishing my homework in one hour为动名词短语，作主语；is为系动词；now a thing of the past为表语。A. SVO主谓宾；B. SV主谓；C. SVP主系表；D. SVOiOd主谓宾宾。故选C。 29．Analyze the structure of the following sentence: We consider his behavior to be impolite. A．S+V+O B．S+V+O+C C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+O+A 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：我们认为他的行为不礼貌。A. S+V+O主+谓+宾；B. S+V+O+C主+谓+宾+宾补；C. S+V+IO+DO主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾补；D. S+V+O+A主+谓+宾+状。分析句子可知，“We”是主语，“consider”是谓语，“his behavior”是宾语，“to be impolite”是宾语补足语。故选B项。 30．“The cloth feels soft.” The structure of this sentence is________. A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+O D．S+V+A 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：“这块布摸起来很软。”分析句子结构可知主语为The cloth，feels 为系动词，soft为形容词作表语，所以句子结构为主系表。故选B项。 二、按要求完成题目 写出下列句子的句子结构 31．Does Jennifer live here? ____________________________________________________ 32．Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. ____________________________________________________ 33．The secret of success is honesty and fair dealing. ____________________________________________________ 34．Whaley invites the rest of the class to join him. ____________________________________________________ 35．I heard a knock on the door. ____________________________________________________ 36．This development did not take place overnight. ____________________________________________________ 37．There are times when your heart is not in your work. ____________________________________________________ 38．Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers. ____________________________________________________ 39．It gives us a great feeling of peace. ____________________________________________________ 40．Our hosts shared many of their experiences. ____________________________________________________ 【答案】 31．主语+谓语+状语 32．主语+谓语+宾语+状语 33．主语+系动词+表语 34．主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 35．主语+谓语+宾语+状语 36．主语+谓语+状语 37．存现句(there be句型) 38．主语+系动词+表语 39．主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 40．主语+谓语+宾语 【详解】31．考查句子结构。句意：詹妮弗住在这里吗? Jennifer 是主语，live是谓语动词， here是副词作状语，故结构是主语+谓语+状语。 32．考查句子结构。句意：克里斯三年多前开始学英语。Chris 是主语，started learning是谓语动词，English是宾语， a little over three years ago. 是状语，故结构是主语+谓语+宾语+状语。 33．考查句子结构。句意：成功的秘诀是诚实和公平交易。The secret of success 是主语，is是谓语动词，honesty and fair dealing.作表语，故结构是主语+系动词+表语。 34．考查句子结构。句意：威利邀请全班同学加入他的行列。Whaley是主语，invites 是谓语动词， the rest of the class 是宾语，to join him.不定式作宾补，故结构是主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。 35．考查句子结构。句意：我听到有人敲门。I是主语，heard是谓语动词， a knock 是宾语，on the door.是介词短语作状语，故结构是主语+谓语+宾语+状语。 36．考查句子结构。句意：这种发展不是一夜之间发生的。This development是主语， did not take place 是谓语动词， overnight.是副词作状语，故结构是主语+谓语+状语。 37．考查句子结构。句意：有时你的心不在工作上。times 是主语，There are times when your heart is not in your work.是谓语动词，There are 是there be句型，when your heart is not in your work.是状语从句，故结构是存现句(there be句型)。 38．考查句子结构。句意：猴子似乎对数字很有一套。Monkeys 是主语，seem 是系动词，to have a way with numbers.是不定式作表语，故结构是主语+系动词+表语。 39．考查句子结构。句意：它给我们一种宁静的感觉。It  是主语，gives 是谓语动词，us是间接宾语， a great feeling of peace.是直接宾语，故结构是主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。 40．考查句子结构。句意：我们的主人分享了许多他们的经历。Our hosts 是主语，shared 是谓语动词，many of their experiences.是宾语，故结构是主语+谓语+宾语。 指出下列句子的基本结构 41．There are a lot of fans waiting outside the hall. 42．I hear that his son is responsible for the important project. 43．My aunt bought a lot of different books for me the other day. 44．Look! The players are running very fast. 45．Keeping the balance of nature is really important for us. 46．The accident happened. 47．She gave the girl some food. 48．You should keep the room clean. 【答案】41．存现句(there be结构) 42．主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O) 43．主语+谓语+宾语+状语(S+V+O+A) 44．主语+谓语+状语(S+V+A) 45．主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P) 46．主语+谓语(S+V) 47．主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO) 48．主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC) 【解析】41．考查句子结构。句意：大厅外有很多粉丝在等着。根据句意和“There are a lot of fans”可知，本句表示“存在，有”，为there be结构。故答案为：存现句(there be结构)。 42．考查句子结构。句意：我听说他的儿子负责这个重要的项目。分析可知，本句为主谓宾句型。主语为I；谓语为hear；后面宾语为that引导的宾语从句。故答案为：主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O)。 43．考查句子结构。句意：我阿姨前几天给我买了很多不同的书。分析可知，本句为主谓宾（状）句型。My aunt为主语；bought为谓语；a lot of different books为宾语；for me the other day为状语。故答案为：主语+谓语+宾语+状语(S+V+O+A)。 44．考查句子结构。句意：看！运动员们跑得很快。分析可知，本句为主谓句型。The players为主语；are running为谓语；very fast为状语。故答案为：主语+谓语+状语(S+V+A)。 45．考查句子结构。句意：保持自然平衡对我们来说非常重要。分析可知，本句为主系表句型。动名词短语Keeping the balance of nature作主语；is是系动词；其余部分为表语。故答案为：主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)。 46．考查句子结构。句意：事故发生了。分析可知，本句为主谓句型。The accident为主语；happened为谓语。故答案为：主语+谓语(S+V)。 47．考查句子结构。句意：她给了女孩一些食物。分析可知，本句为主谓双宾句型。She为主语；gave为谓语，the girl为间接宾语；some food为直接宾语。故答案为：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)。 48．考查句子结构。句意：你应该保持房间清洁。分些可知，本句为主谓复合宾句型。You为主语；should keep为谓语；the room为宾语；clean为补语。故答案为：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC)。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $