Unit 1 Back to School 培优练 -2026-2027学年高一上学期英语译林版必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦高中英语单元复习，通过阅读理解（社会热点、人物事迹、生活哲理）和完形填空（记叙文）题型，系统考查语言理解与逻辑思维能力，贴合核心素养中语言能力与思维品质的培养需求。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|12小题（A篇环保项目/B篇人物事迹/C篇记忆规律）|细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、主旨大意|社会热点、人物事迹、生活哲理的语篇理解与信息提取| |完形填空|15小题（师生故事）|词汇语境辨析、情感线索推理、上下文逻辑衔接|记叙文语境中词汇运用与情感发展的逻辑链条|

Unit 1 Back to School 培优练 Ⅰ.阅读理解(共12小题;每小题2.5分,满分30分) A Many local citizens in Green Street are excited about the new‑style green‑roof project, yet the early practice brought unexpected troubles to the community. “You can see broken plant pots and fallen dry leaves everywhere on the ground under those roofs,” said local citizen Lisa Evans. In March, the city’s Urban Construction Department held a communication meeting with Green Street Community Committee and nearby residents to explain that the mess came from the first‑round test of new green‑roof materials. The government promised to improve the materials and fix the existing problems. “The roof surface with green plants can be 8‑10 degrees cooler than common concrete roofs in hot summer days. Green roofs take in much heat instead of reflecting it back into the air, and they can also collect rainwater,” said Tony Smith from the Urban Construction Department. Residents living between 3rd Avenue and 5th Avenue, from Green Road to Oak Boulevard received questionnaires, with an option to give up green roofs and turn back to ordinary concrete roofs. The survey results showed most people still supported the green‑roof program. Lisa Evans looks forward to its advantages, especially because her family loves staying in the yard in hot summer. “It will be much more pleasant for us to stay outdoors in summer with cooler roofs. Besides, it gives our whole community a special beautiful sight,” Lisa Evans said. The Urban Construction Department states that over 80 buildings with green roofs will be completed in 8 communities across the city by the end of July. “It creates big temperature differences. I totally support this green‑roof project,” one local citizen said. 1.What is the early‑stage problem of the green‑roof project on Green Street? A.It causes a mess around. B.It cannot be repaired at all. C.It costs too much money. D.It hasn’t got any support. 2.Why was the communication meeting held in March? A.To choose new workers for the project. B.To answer local people’s questions about the mess. C.To hand out questionnaires to all building owners. D.To show new kinds of building materials on site. 3.What is Tony Smith’s words in Paragraph 4 mainly about? A.The future budget of green roofs. B.The building skills of green roofs. C.The advantages of green roofs. D.The possible risks of green roofs. 4.What does Lisa Evans think of the green‑roof project? A.It helps cut down house prices. B.It makes the community look special. C.It helps her plant more flowers indoors. D.It can stop heavy rain completely. B A photo of 18‑year‑old Yuan Longping spread widely across Chinese social media recently. The young man in the picture, wearing simple clothes and with bright eyes, is full of energy. Netizens are deeply touched by this youthful photo. It is quite different from the grey‑haired old Yuan Longping that people know well. The picture reminds people of a man who devoted his whole life to rice research and helped solve food shortages for millions of people. Born in Beijing in 1930, Yuan Longping went to study agriculture in his youth. For more than 60 years, he kept working in rice‑related research. He developed hybrid rice, which greatly increased rice output. His research helped large numbers of people get enough food. Though he suffered from several kinds of illnesses in his later years, Yuan Longping still spent lots of time in farm fields. He racked up hundreds of thousands of kilometres travelling between different experimental fields. Most of his prize money was put into agricultural research. Since hybrid rice was widely planted, millions of people in China and other countries have got away from hunger. “I want everyone in the world to have enough rice to eat.” That was Yuan Longping’s lifelong dream, and it truly showed his lifelong devotion and strong will. On Sept 29, 2019, Yuan Longping received a national honor medal for his great contributions to our country in Beijing. 5.Why are netizens moved by the young‑age photo of Yuan Longping? A.Because his clothes in the photo are fashionable. B.Because they are used to seeing his young photos. C.Because it reminds them of a great respectable scientist. D.Because the photo was first published on social media. 6.What does the underlined phrase “racked up” in Paragraph 3 mean? A.Reduce B.Accumulate C.Forget D.Divide 7.Which words can best describe Yuan Longping according to the text? A.Devoted and determined. B.Humorous and careful. C.Generous and quiet. D.Modest and creative. 8.Where is this text most probably from? A.A science‑fiction novel. B.A travel magazine. C.A news report. D.A geography textbook. C I still have clear memories of my last day in junior high school. I can picture myself clearing my school locker, staring at the empty space for a moment before shutting it for the last time. I walked through the hallways with my best friend, paying no attention to the ringing class bells. Just for that day, we could break the school rules. I sat on the desk, swinging my legs and chatting freely with my Chinese teacher. That feeling made me feel almost grown‑up. It was one of my favourite days of that whole school year. Just like soft paint colours mixing together, the light and happy feeling filled all my memories of that special day. If your school year has not come to an end yet, think about what you can do to make the ending meaningful. Why? For human memory, not every moment carries equal weight. Our memories of past experiences are heavily influenced by two kinds of moments: peaks (the happiest or worst moments) and endings (the final moments). Nobel Prize winner Daniel Kahneman found this rule, which is called the peak‑end rule. It tells us our opinions about a past experience mainly depend on its most impressive moments and its ending. Many years ago, I made good use of the peak‑end rule when my kids were little. Every night I read bedtime stories for them. No matter what quarrels or pressure we had during the day, I tried to make our last moments of the day peaceful. I could act as a calm parent even if I had been impatient hours earlier. Never treat all moments as equally important. Yoga classes usually end with relaxing rest positions. People often have dessert at the end of a meal. So we should plan endings carefully. As a famous coach once said: End well. Last impressions leave deep marks in our minds. 9.What suggestion does the author give to make the end of a school year impressive? A.Make special preparations for the final day. B.Review all lessons before the final exam. C.Try to break as many school rules as possible. D.Write diaries every single day at school. 10.Which statement about the peak‑end rule is TRUE? A.Our memory is only influenced by the very beginning of events. B.People remember the peaks and endings of experiences better. C.Ending moments are always less important than peak moments. D.Our judgement of the past is completely decided by peaks. 11.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A.The difficulties the author met when raising children. B.How the author put the peak‑end rule into daily life. C.Why children love listening to bedtime stories. D.How parents can solve kids’ daily quarrels. 12.Why does the author mention the famous coach’s words in the last paragraph? A.To show how important sports training is. B.To explain the disadvantages of bad impressions. C.To prove that coaches create many good rules. D.To advise readers to value the ending of experiences. Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分) Thirty‑five years ago, Ms Clark was my third‑grade teacher. She was an elderly lady with grey‑and‑black hair, strict but warm‑hearted, patient and 　13　. She let us make paper kites in our classroom — a lovely 　14　 that left a deep impression on me. And when we read storybooks about two kids called Amy and Tom, she would never allow other classmates to 　15　 my deskmate Amy or me. But I truly began to 　16　 Ms Clark when a costume day was 　17　. On that day, students were encouraged to wear clothes in the 　18　 of the early 1900s. My grandma, a skilled tailor, made an old‑style coat for me. I felt so proud 　19　 it as I walked toward school. However, when I arrived, I was the only student in my class wearing special historic clothes. I felt quite 　20　. Ms Clark praised my 　21　 warmly and then walked toward her office. Soon afterwards, she 　22　 wearing a suit of old‑style clothes! She told us she had asked her husband to bring this special clothing for her. We moved to another city two years later. I still 　23　 that I never told Ms Clark how 　24　 I was to her. She went out of her way and even 　25　 her husband’s help, so that a little girl would not feel 　26　. I have met many excellent teachers in my life, but Ms Clark keeps a 　27　 place deep in my heart. 13.A.neighbourly B.childlike C.grandmotherly D.scholarly 14.A.treat B.view C.journey D.promise 15.A.call on B.look through C.laugh at D.communicate with 16.A.miss B.appreciate C.doubt D.observe 17.A.advanced B.cancelled C.reported D.scheduled 18.A.exhibition B.style C.course D.pattern 19.A.making B.holding C.wearing D.collecting 20.A.satisfied B.afraid C.relaxed D.embarrassed 21.A.recipe B.gift C.costume D.present 22.A.reappeared B.disappeared C.complained D.escaped 23.A.suppose B.regret C.wonder D.pretend 24.A.devoted B.strange C.grateful D.used 25.A.sought B.refused C.offered D.avoided 26.A.at ease B.in danger C.out of place D.on duty 27.A.ordinary B.special C.simple D.possible 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 参考答案 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A【语篇导读】本文是新闻报道，介绍城市绿色屋顶项目初期遇到麻烦，但多数居民仍然支持该环保项目。 1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段“You can see broken plant pots and fallen dry leaves everywhere on the ground under those roofs”以及第三段“the mess came from the first‑round test of new green‑roof materials”可知，项目早期造成周边一片杂乱。 2.B 推理判断题。第三段表明城建部门开会，向居民解释乱象产生的原因，回应居民遇到的问题。 3.C 细节理解题。第四段Tony Smith介绍绿色屋顶降温、收集雨水等特点，是在讲它的各项优势。 4.B 细节理解题。根据Lisa的话“it gives our whole community a special beautiful sight”，special beautiful sight对应makes the community look special。 B【语篇导读】新闻报道，介绍袁隆平年轻时照片走红网络，回顾他一生致力于杂交水稻研究的感人故事。 5.C 细节理解题。年轻照片和晚年形象形成对比，让网友想起这位值得敬佩的伟大科学家。 6.B 词义猜测题。racked up hundreds of thousands of kilometres指累计跑过数十万公里，accumulate“累计”。 7.A 推理判断题。毕生投身科研、不顾病痛坚持下田，体现奉献精神与坚定意志。 8.C 推理判断题，人物事迹报道，文体属于新闻报道。 C【语篇导读】夹叙夹议文，作者结合自己的初中最后一天回忆，介绍峰终定律，建议人们重视一段经历的结尾。 9.A 细节理解题。根据第三段，峰终定律告诉人们结尾记忆深刻，因此要为学年结尾做特别准备，让结尾有意义。 10.B 细节理解题。峰终定律：人们对经历的记忆，更容易记住峰值时刻与结尾时刻。 11.B 段落主旨题。第四段讲作者给孩子讲睡前故事，在日常生活中运用峰终定律。 12.D 推理判断题。引用教练的话，目的是鼓励读者重视每一段经历的结尾。 答案题号： 1‑4：A B C B 5‑8：C B A C 9‑12：A B B D Ⅱ.完形填空【语篇导读】记叙文，回忆Clark老师保护小作者自尊心的温暖往事。 13.C grandmotherly慈祥祖母般的，和strict but warm‑hearted、patient语境匹配。 14.A treat乐事，趣事；做纸风筝是一件令人愉快的趣事。 15.C laugh at嘲笑；老师不允许同学嘲笑作者和同桌。 16.B appreciate感激；后文讲述老师为自己做的事，作者心生感激。 17.D scheduled被安排的；学校安排好了装扮日活动。 18.B style风格；穿20世纪早期风格的服装。 19.C wearing穿着；穿着奶奶做的老式外套去上学。 20.D embarrassed尴尬的；全班只有自己穿特殊服装，内心尴尬。 21.C costume服装；老师夸赞作者的这套装扮服饰。 22.A reappeared再次出现；老师去办公室之后，再次回来，换上老式服装。 23.B regret遗憾；作者很遗憾从没有当面告诉老师自己的感激。 24.C grateful感激的；作者对老师满怀感激。 25.A sought寻求；老师向丈夫寻求帮助，请丈夫送来服装。 26.C out of place格格不入；老师这样做避免小女孩感到格格不入。 27.B special特殊的；Clark老师在作者心中占有特殊位置。 完形答案： 13‑17:C A C B D 18‑22:B C D C A 23‑27:B C A C B 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $