Unit 4 Inventions（复习讲义）英语新教材沪教版八年级上册

该初中英语Unit 4 Inventions复习讲义通过表格对比易混点（如take place&happen、somewhere系列不定副词）、框架图梳理语法（形容词不规则比较等级）及思维导图整合主题词汇句型，系统构建知识体系，突出although从句、not only...but also等重难点的内在联系与分布。 讲义亮点在于“即时小练+分层检测”设计，如not only...but also中译英练习培养语言能力，farther/further辨析题提升思维品质。基础题（单选）与综合题（完形填空、任务型阅读）覆盖不同层次，附答题要点与易错提醒，助力学生自主复习，教师可实施精准教学。

Unit 4 Inventions（复习讲义) 复习要点 1、围绕inventions主题，复习相关词汇、短语与句型表达。 2、重点掌握：although让步状语从句；not only…but also…；one of +the+最高级+名词复数；辨析take place&happen; somewhere、anywhere、nowhere、everywhere。 3、熟练运用：形容词不规则比较级&最高级；(not) as…as原级比较。 4、能围绕 “inventions” 进行口头和书面表达（介绍一项发明，描述发明带来的改变）。 复习重难点 重点：核心短语；although、not only…but also…等句型；不定副词辨析；形容词比较等级。 难点：①not only…but also…就近原则与句首倒装；②although不可与but连用，可搭配yet/still；③a number of / the number of与amount系列短语的主谓一致；④farther/further、older/elder的用法辨析。 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1：Humans continued walking across the globe for the next 94,000 years, until about 6,000 years ago when a number of important changes took place. 人类在接下来的94000年里继续在地球上行走，直到大约6000年前发生了一些重要的变化。（教材P52） ①易混对比 a number of + 可数复数：许多……（谓语复数） the number of + 可数复数：…… 的数量（谓语单数） 例句：A number of new inventions make our life easier.许多新发明让我们的生活更加便捷。 The number of new inventions is increasing every year.新发明的数量每年都在增长。 ② 辨析take place& happen take place：不及物动词短语，意为 “发生；举行”，更侧重强调事件的计划性、规律性或人为安排。 例句：The meeting will take place next month.会议将于下个月举行。 happen：也意为 “发生”，强调事件的偶然性、随机性或非计划性。 例句：An accident happened on the highway.高速公路上发生了一起事故。 ③重点短语 continue doing sth. 继续做（原先正在做的事）；across the globe 全球，世界各地 【即时小练】 1.________ students in our class is 45, and ________ them are interested in English. A．The number of; a number of B．The number of; an amount of C．A number of; the number of D．A number of; an amount of 2.The sports meeting will ______ in our school next week. A. happen B. take place C. be happened D. be taken place 3. The number of people interested in inventions ______ growing, and a number of them ______ to make small inventions themselves. A. is; want B. are; want C. is; wants D. are; wants 知识点2： For instance, in the Central Asian country of Kazakhstan, people started to ride horses. 例如，在中亚国家哈萨克斯坦，人们开始骑马。（教材P52） ①“For instance” 是英语中常用的连接词，相当于 “for example”，用于举例说明前文提到的观点或情况，使表述更具体、易懂。 辨析 用法特点 举例 for instance/ example 侧重列举具体、典型的例子，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中、句末 For instance, he loves classic novels like Pride and Prejudice. such as 后接多个例子列举，不能单独成句，不用逗号隔开。 He enjoys sports such as basketball, tennis, and swimming. ②central adj. 中心的；重要的；核心的 →centre/center n. 中心 【短语】“in the centre of” 是介词短语，意为 “在…… 的中心 / 中央”，用于描述物体、地点或抽象概念的空间位置或核心地位。 例句：There is a big tree in the centre of the park. 公园中央有一棵大树。 ③ start to do sth. / start doing sth. 开始做某事，两者大多情况可互换。 例句：He started to ride horses. = He started riding horses. 他开始骑马。 【即时小练】 1.Some great inventions, ________, the wheel changed people’s way of travelling. A. such as B. for instance C. example D. instances 2.There is a science museum in the ________ (centre) part of our city.（用正确形式填空） 3.有些动物拥有惊人的本领。例如，狗可以帮助人们做很多工作。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 知识点3：Although this meant that people could travel further and faster, transporting large amounts of goods was still a difficult job.尽管这使得人们能够走得更远、行得更快，但运输大量货物仍然是一项艰巨的任务。（教材P53） ①although 意为：虽然；尽管，引导让步状语从句。不能和but 连用，但可以和 yet /still 连用。 ✅ Although he is young, he knows a lot. ✅ He is young, but he knows a lot. ❌ Although he is young, but he knows a lot. ②large amounts of 大量的（后接不可数名词），作主语时谓语动词用复数。 【拓展】a large amount of + 不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。 例句：Large amounts of money were spent on the project.大笔的钱被花费在这个项目上。 例句：A large amount of money was spent on the project.大笔的钱被花费在这个项目上。 【即时小练】 1. ____ the task is difficult, lots of volunteers still try their best to finish it. A. Although B. But C. So D. If 2. Although the robot works fast, ____ it cannot deal with all special cases. A. but B. yet C. so D. and 3. A large amount of time ____ on online study by many teenagers every week. A. spends B. spent C. is spent D. are spent 4.虽然人工智能发展迅速，但它依旧不能完全代替人类。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 知识点4：The wheel not only changed the way humans move, but it also allowed us to build all types of amazing machines.轮子不仅改变了人类的移动方式，还使我们能够制造出各种各样的奇妙机器。 （教材P53） ①not only… but also… 不仅…… 而且…… 并列连词，连接两个并列成分（主语、谓语、宾语、句子），强调后者。在实际使用中，also 有时可以省略，表达的意思不变。 例句：She can play not only the piano but the guitar. 她不仅会弹钢琴，还会弹吉他。 注意： (1)连接句子：not only 置于句首时，前半句要部分倒装；but also 后面句子不倒装。 例句：Not only did the wheel change people’s life, but it also helped develop new machines. 轮子不仅改变了人们的生活，还助力新机器的研发。 (2) not only…but also… 连接并列主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上要和离它最近的主语保持一致，即遵循 “就近原则”。 例句：Not only my brother but also I am good at painting.不仅我弟弟擅长绘画，我也擅长。 Not only the students but also their teacher likes the invention.不仅学生们，他们的老师也喜欢这项发明。 ②allow sb. to do sth. 使 / 允许某人做某事 例句：The new tool allows us to finish work faster.这个新工具让我们可以更快完成工作。 ③ all types of 各种各样的 = all kinds of 例句：We can see all types of old machines in the museum.我们在博物馆里可以看到各种各样的古老机器。 【即时小练】 1. Not only my sister but also I ____ interested in modern inventions. A. is B. am C. are D. be 2. The new machine allows us ____ different kinds of goods quickly. A. carry B. to carry C. carrying D. carries 3. Not only Tom but also his parents ____ (enjoy) learning about old‑style machines.(用所给词适当形式填空) 4.(中译英)这项新技术不仅节约时间，还允许我们尝试各种各样的新想法。 _________________________________________________________________________________________ 知识点5：Windmills, clocks and other machines all use wheels, and the Industrial Revolution depended on the wheel.风车、时钟及其他机械均采用轮子，而工业革命正是依赖于轮子而展开的。（教材P53） 【词汇变形】 depend (v.) 依靠；依赖；取决于｜depend on 依靠，取决于 dependent (adj.) 依靠的；依赖的 ｜ be dependent on 依靠…… independent (adj.) 独立的 ｜ be independent of 独立于…… independence (n.) 独立 例句：Early transport depended on horses.早期的交通工具依靠马匹。 例句：Our plan depends on the weather.我们的计划取决于天气。 口语：It depends. 视情况而定。 【即时小练】 1.Don’t ________ others. We should learn to think for ourselves and make the right choice. A．put up B．depend on C．be similar to D．think about 2. Teenagers shouldn’t be too ________ (depend) on their parents.(用所给词适当形式填空) 3. 我们的成功取决于我们的努力。 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 知识点6：Without doubt, the wheel is one of the most important inventions of all time.毋庸置疑，轮子是人类历史上最重要的发明之一。（教材P53） ①doubt n./v 怀疑；疑问→doubtful adj.怀疑的 【重点短语和句型】 without doubt 毫无疑问；毋庸置疑=undoubtedly adv.毋庸置疑地，的确地 例句：Without doubt, he is a great inventor.毫无疑问，他是一位伟大的发明家。 no doubt 无疑；很可能 例句：No doubt he will succeed.他无疑会成功。 there is no doubt that… 毫无疑问……（that 引导同位语从句，高频考点） 例句：There is no doubt that the wheel changed the world.毫无疑问轮子改变了世界。 don’t doubt that … 不怀疑……（否定 doubt，接 that） I don’t doubt that he is right. 我不怀疑他是对的。 doubt whether / if … 怀疑是否……（肯定 doubt，接 whether/if） I doubt whether he will agree. 我怀疑他是否会同意。 ② one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数 最…… 之一 ⚠考点：名词必须复数；谓语动词用单数 例句：This is one of the most important inventions of all time.这是有史以来最重要的发明之一。 ③ of all time 有史以来；人类历史上 【即时小练】 1. There is no doubt ____ printing is one of the greatest inventions. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 2. Without doubt, Yuan Longping is one of ____ scientists ____. A. great; of all time B. the greatest; of all time C. greater; all the time D. the greater; all the time 3. I don’t doubt ____ he will finish the task well.(用适当连词填空) 4.I doubt ____ he will come to the party..(用适当连词填空) 5.(中译英)毫无疑问，互联网改变了我们的生活。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 知识点7：My invention will help people avoid traffic jams. 我的发明将帮助人们避免交通堵塞。（教材P60） ① avoid v. 避免；回避→avoidable adj.能避免的 →unavoidable adj.不可避免的 ✅ 核心考点：avoid + doing sth. 避免做某事（❌ 不能接 to do） 例句：You should avoid driving in heavy rain.你应该避免在大雨中开车。 ② traffic jams 交通堵塞（复数） 【即时小练】 1.Many teenagers avoid ____ (talk) about their troubles with their parents. 2.这项新的公共交通发明可以帮助市民避免严重的交通堵塞。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.为了保护环境，我们要避免使用一次性塑料制品。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 知识点8：辨析 anywhere（教材P60），somewhere,nowhere, everywhere 易混词 含义及用法 例句 somewhere 意为“在某处；到某处”,常用于肯定句中 Let’s meet somewhere near the park. 我们在公园附近找个地方见面吧。 anywhere 意为“在(或去)任何地方”,常用于否定句、疑问句和 条件状语从句中；用于肯定 句中时，强调任何一个地方。 I can’t find my keys anywhere.我哪儿都找不到钥匙。 Did you go anywhere interesting during the holiday? 假期你去什么有趣的地方了吗？ everywhere 意为“处处；到处”,常用于肯定句中。 He looked everywhere for his missing phone. 他到处找他丢失的手机。 nowhere 意为“无处；哪里都不”,相当于not..anywhere Without a map, we felt like we were going nowhere. 没有地图，我们感觉哪儿也去不了。 【即时小练】 1.—Did you go ____ interesting last weekend? —Yes, I went to the city library. A. somewhere B. anywhere C. everywhere D. nowhere 2. I looked ____ for my watch, but I could find it ____. A. somewhere; anywhere B. everywhere; nowhere C. everywhere; anywhere D. anywhere; somewhere 3.(中译英)暑假我想去某个凉爽的地方旅行。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.(中译英)在网上你几乎可以买到任何地方的特产。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.(中译英)春节期间，到处都可以看到漂亮的红灯笼。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.(中译英)如果没有梦想，你将会无处可去。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 单元语法：①形容词比较级和最高级不规则变化; ②（not）as...as 一、形容词的比较级和最高级的不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good, well 好的 better best bad, ill 坏的 worse worst many, much许多的 more most little 少 less least far 远的 farther farthest further furthest old老的 older oldest elder eldest 注意： (1)farther和further 都可表示“更远的”,但further 还可用于表示“更进一步的”“更多的”等抽象含义。 如：further study 深造 (2) elder和eldest只能用作定语修饰名词，用于表示家庭成员之间的长幼关系，不用于比较级句型中。 如：elder sister(姐姐)，elder brother(哥哥) B、原级结构和句型 (as...as; not as/so...as) 1. 在表示“和…一样…”时，可用“as + 形容词as”结构(形容词要用原形)： Early computers were as big as a room.早期的计算机和一间房间一样大。 He is as busy as before. 他还是和以前一样忙。 2. 在表示“不如…那样…”时可用“not as(so)... as”这种结构： It isn’t so cold as yesterday. 今天不像昨天那样冷。 He is not so handsome as his brother. 他不像他哥哥那样英俊。 3.“(not)as many+复数名词+as”和“(not)as much+ 不可数名词+as”表示数量或程度，意为 “和……(不)一样多的……"”。 I have as many books as you. 我和你拥有一样多的书。 A candle does not produce as much light as a light bulb.蜡烛发出的光不如灯泡多。 4. 表示倍数,如“一半／两倍／三倍／四倍／······”等用“half/twice/three/four/...times+ as...as...”结构. We got three times as many people as we expected.来人的数目是我们预期的三倍. 【即时小练】 1.Learning Chinese may not be as ________ as learning English for Nancy. A．easy B．easier C．eases D．easily 2.—Alex is really hard-working. He has become one of ________ students in our school. —That’s true. He practises every day and now he can run as ________ as our P. E. teacher. A．fastest; fast B．fastest; faster C．the fastest; faster D．the fastest; fast 3．—Shall we try the “CityWalk” route along the Yangtze River in Wuhu tonight? —Great! Just as the saying goes, “To see a hundred photos is ________ to feel the river breeze yourself.” A．as good as B．not as well as C．as well as D．not as good as 4．—I don’t think my brother is ________ me. He often forgets things. —That’s true. He needs to be more attentive. A．less careful than B．so careless as C．as careful as D．more careless than 5.—I think English is as ________ as math. —I agree with you. We should study both hard. A．important B．more important C．the most important D．importance 6. This new library provides ________ books as the old one, but it has less space. A. as many B. as much C. many as D. much as 7. —Is Bob good at science? —No. His science is much ________ than his sister’s. A. bad B. worse C. worst D. the worst 8. He wants to get ________ education in foreign countries, so he goes abroad. A. farther B. further C. farthest D. furthest 9. My ________ brother is two years older than me. A. older B. elder C. old D. oldest 10. The factory produces three times ________ waste water as before. A. as many B. many as C. as much D. much as 二、用所给词的正确形式填空 1.Tom doesn’t do his homework as ________ (care) as his sister. 2.This story is ________ (bad) than that one. It is ________ (bad) of the three stories. 3.We need ________ (little) time than we expected. 4.My grandma’s health is getting ________ (good) day by day. 5.There are not as ________ (many) trees in this city as ten years ago. 6.He wants to do ________ (far) research on old inventions. 7.Of all the students, Jack makes ________ (little) mistakes in the English test. 8.The weather today is much ________ (bad) than yesterday. 9.The new‑type car is not as ________ (expensive) as people imagine. 10.The box is much ________ (heavy) than that one, but it doesn’t hold as ________ (many) things. （时间：35分钟） 一、单项选择 1．—Can I borrow your bike tomorrow? —It ________ my plan. If I don’t use it, you can take it. A．writes down B．agrees with C．finds out D．depends on 2．—What should we do if an earthquake happens and we can’t get out of the building? —Stay under a strong table. It’s safer to ________ falling objects. A．mind B．avoid C．enjoy D．finish 3．— Is your hair as________ as Mary’s? — No, her hair is________than mine. A．longer; long B．long; long C．long; longer D．longer; longer 4．—Li Hua does his homework as ________ as Xiao Lin. —I don’t think so. I think Xiao Lin is ________ than Li Hua. A．more carefully; more careful B．carefully; most careful C．more carefully; most careful D．carefully; more careful 5．I live in Guangzhou. Winter in my city is ________ as it is in Shanghai. A．not as cold B．not cold C．not as colder D．as colder 6．The price of new energy vehicles is not as ________ as last year, so more people are going to buy them. A．expensive B．more expensive C．most expensive D．the most expensive 7. ____ the task is full of challenges, yet the group will keep trying till the end. A. Although B. But C. So D. If 8.When communicating online, we must avoid ____ our feelings too directly to strangers. A. show B. showing C. to show D. showed 9._______ students in our school _______ forty-five, and _______ them like reading novels. A．The number of, is; a number of B．The number of, are; a number of C．A number of, is; the number of D．A number of, are; the number of 10. ________, AI will change people’s daily life greatly in the near future. A. Without doubt B. In silence C. In public D. In person 二、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从下列各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。 Inventions can be either big or small. Big inventions like the TV and the computer make us 1 them all the time. There are also several small things around us 2 the following two small inventions, but we seldom notice them. Sometimes, they may be even 3 than big inventions. In some cases, they can help people work 4 . A paper clip helps hold pieces of paper together without 5 a hole. A big paper clip was put up in Norway 6 people remember the inventor of the paper clip Johan Vaaler. He invented the paper clip in 1900 when working in Germany. A paper clip is in fact a piece of wire. It can hold 7 pieces of paper together. Now plenty of them 8 made and sold all over the world. The ballpoint pen was invented in the 1930s by a Hungarian called Biro. He had been trying to find 9 use for the quick-drying ink and designed this pen. Later, a Frenchman, Marcel Bich thought up the idea of making 10 use-and-throw pen and sold it cheap. It was named BIC and became more and more popular. 1．A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt 2．A．include B．includes C．included D．including 3．A．helpful B．more helpful C．most helpful D．the most helpful 4．A．perfect B．perfected C．perfecting D．perfectly 5．A．make B．to make C．making D．makes 6．A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped 7．A．few B．a few C．little D．a little 8．A．is B．are C．was D．were 9．A．other B．others C．another D．the other 10．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 三、完形填空 Many years ago, there was a family named Franklin. They lived in Boston. There were five girls and six boys in the family. On a January day in 1706, another baby boy was born. The boy’s parents gave the boy a name—Benjamin. Benjamin was the 1 of all the children. He could read when he was five and he could write when he was seven. The next year his parents sent him to school. At school Benjamin was good at reading and writing, but not good at Maths. He read all of his father’s books. And when he had money, he always went to buy 2 , because they told him how to do something. The boy liked to use his head and tried to 3 ways to help people enjoy life more. For example, he tried to know if there were some ways to swim farther, maybe with something on his hands or 4 . Slowly a picture of swimming shoes grew in his 5 . They must be neither too big nor too small. And they must be neither too heavy nor too light. At last, he 6 the flippers for swimming. Electricity was one of the things Benjamin experimented with when he stopped working. He discovered that lightning and electricity were the same thing. The lightning rod (避雷针) was a(n) 7 invention that we still use today. It can 8 buildings and ships from lightning damage. Franklin preferred to have his inventions used 9 by everyone. He was not only an inventor, but also a writer, an educator, a politician and so on. He made great achievements in different areas. Thomas Jefferson, the third president of America, called Benjamin Franklin “the 10 man of the age and country in which he lived”. 1．A．cleverest B．strongest C．bravest D．quietest 2．A．candies B．gifts C．books D．toys 3．A．look out B．look for C．look after D．look up 4．A．head B．face C．arms D．feet 5．A．mind B．idea C．spirits D．attention 6．A．discovered B．invented C．achieved D．decided 7．A．horrible B．awful C．important D．natural 8．A．provide B．improve C．hide D．protect 9．A．freely B．quickly C．expensively D．separately 10．A．friendliest B．greatest C．busiest D．funniest 四、阅读理解 Have you been amazed by the robot performances at the opening ceremony of the 15th National Games? Actually, robots are now part of our lives. They can not only play music and dance, but also help us a lot in many ways. Sophia Sophia was “born” in Hong Kong and she’s the world’s first-ever robot citizen! She is a mix of AI and human input, so she can have a real conversation with you and develop her own feelings and actions. Besides this, she actually has many difficult tasks as she plays a vital part in science, medical and technology research. With Sophia’s help, scientists can complete their work more successfully. Who knows-maybe one day you will make friends with a robot like Sophia? Cleaning Robots These small, round objects are becoming increasingly popular in homes to give a helping hand with daily housework like cleaning the floor! All you need to do is to give the robot a plan of the space that it has to cover, program when you want it to start the cleaning process and you’re good to go! Restaurant Robots How stressful is it to work at a busy restaurant with not a lot of help? That’s exactly how millions of waiters must feel: sometimes, they have to wait on hundreds of tables but only have two hands! Thankfully, new robot waiters are a great help. The machines have several trays (托盘) so waiters just need to load the plates and let the robots take them over to the table. In some restaurants, cooking robots can even help cook food. Robots are changing our world in cool and useful ways—from talking like friends to cleaning our homes and serving food. They are not just amazing machines, but also our helpful partners. Who knows what amazing robots we will see next? Maybe the next great robot inventor is you! 1．What makes Sophia different from other robots? A．She is popular with Hong Kong scientists. B．She is the first robot citizen in the world. C．She can play music and dance at important events. D．She can help waiters with service in busy restaurants. 2．What does the underlined word “vital” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Important. B．Funny. C．Simple. D．Social. 3．What do you need to do before making a cleaning robot work? A．Let it make friends with other home robots. B．Check its trays and repair the broken plates. C．Teach it to clean the floor and throw away rubbish. D．Give it a space plan and program the cleaning time. 4．How do restaurant robots help waiters? A．Talk with many customers. B．Wait for people by the table. C．Carry plates and help to cook. D．Invent new cleaning machines. 5．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards robots? A．Doubtful. B．Worried. C．Positive. D．Negative. 五、任务型阅读 阅读短文，然后根据内容回答问题。 The Steam Engine Thomas Newcomen and the invention of the first steam engine This is the Newcomen’s engine, which was invented in 1712 by Thomas Newcomen. It was the very first steam engine. Newcomen invented it to help people mine for metals and coal at greater depths. Watt’s improvement of Newcomen’s design People often consider James Watt the inventor of the steam engine. Few people know that he simply improved on Thomas Newcomen’s original design. Watt’s improvement to Newcomen’s design increased the power of the engine. This new steam engine could be used in many more ways. It could power trains and ships, and it could also be used in factories. The steam engine and the Industrial Revolution Watt added wheels and cogs to his steam engine, and this made it useful in trains and steamboats. His invention played a huge role in the Industrial Revolution. 1．What did the Newcomen’s engine help people do when it was designed? 2．Who improved Newcomen’s steam engine and made it more powerful? 3．What is the symbol of the Industrial Revolution? 4．What other inventions do you know? Try to tell us. (At least 30 words.) 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Inventions（复习讲义) 复习要点 1、围绕inventions主题，复习相关词汇、短语与句型表达。 2、重点掌握：although让步状语从句；not only…but also…；one of +the+最高级+名词复数；辨析take place&happen; somewhere、anywhere、nowhere、everywhere。 3、熟练运用：形容词不规则比较级&最高级；(not) as…as原级比较。 4、能围绕 “inventions” 进行口头和书面表达（介绍一项发明，描述发明带来的改变）。 复习重难点 重点：核心短语；although、not only…but also…等句型；不定副词辨析；形容词比较等级。 难点：①not only…but also…就近原则与句首倒装；②although不可与but连用，可搭配yet/still；③a number of / the number of与amount系列短语的主谓一致；④farther/further、older/elder的用法辨析。 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1：Humans continued walking across the globe for the next 94,000 years, until about 6,000 years ago when a number of important changes took place. 人类在接下来的94000年里继续在地球上行走，直到大约6000年前发生了一些重要的变化。（教材P52） ①易混对比 a number of + 可数复数：许多……（谓语复数） the number of + 可数复数：…… 的数量（谓语单数） 例句：A number of new inventions make our life easier.许多新发明让我们的生活更加便捷。 The number of new inventions is increasing every year.新发明的数量每年都在增长。 ② 辨析take place& happen take place：不及物动词短语，意为 “发生；举行”，更侧重强调事件的计划性、规律性或人为安排。 例句：The meeting will take place next month.会议将于下个月举行。 happen：也意为 “发生”，强调事件的偶然性、随机性或非计划性。 例句：An accident happened on the highway.高速公路上发生了一起事故。 ③重点短语 continue doing sth. 继续做（原先正在做的事）；across the globe 全球，世界各地 【即时小练】 1.________ students in our class is 45, and ________ them are interested in English. A．The number of; a number of B．The number of; an amount of C．A number of; the number of D．A number of; an amount of 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们班的学生数量是45，并且其中许多对英语感兴趣。 考查短语辨析。The number of……的数量；a number of许多，修饰可数名词复数；an amount of许多，后接不可数名词。根据“45”可知，第一空表达数量，选填“The number of”；根据“...them are interested in English”可知，此处表示“许多”学生，且“them”指代可数名词“students”，所以选填“a number of”。故选A。 2.The sports meeting will ______ in our school next week. A. happen B. take place C. be happened D. be taken place 【答案】B 【详解】句意：运动会将于下周在我们学校举行。 happen 与 take place 均为不及物短语，没有被动语态，排除 C、D。 take place 多指有计划、安排好的事件 “举行、发生”；happen 侧重偶然意外事件发生。运动会是事先安排的活动，选用 take place。will 后接动词原形，故选 B。 3. The number of people interested in inventions ______ growing, and a number of them ______ to make small inventions themselves. A. is; want B. are; want C. is; wants D. are; wants 【答案】A 【详解】第一空The number of作主语谓语用is；第二空a number of them作主语谓语用复数want。句意：对发明感兴趣的人数在增长，他们当中许多人想要自己做小发明。 知识点2： For instance, in the Central Asian country of Kazakhstan, people started to ride horses. 例如，在中亚国家哈萨克斯坦，人们开始骑马。（教材P52） ①“For instance” 是英语中常用的连接词，相当于 “for example”，用于举例说明前文提到的观点或情况，使表述更具体、易懂。 辨析 用法特点 举例 for instance/ example 侧重列举具体、典型的例子，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中、句末 For instance, he loves classic novels like Pride and Prejudice. such as 后接多个例子列举，不能单独成句，不用逗号隔开。 He enjoys sports such as basketball, tennis, and swimming. ②central adj. 中心的；重要的；核心的 →centre/center n. 中心 【短语】“in the centre of” 是介词短语，意为 “在…… 的中心 / 中央”，用于描述物体、地点或抽象概念的空间位置或核心地位。 例句：There is a big tree in the centre of the park. 公园中央有一棵大树。 ③ start to do sth. / start doing sth. 开始做某事，两者大多情况可互换。 例句：He started to ride horses. = He started riding horses. 他开始骑马。 【即时小练】 1.Some great inventions, ________, the wheel changed people’s way of travelling. A. such as B. for instance C. example D. instances 【答案】B 【详解】空格前后有逗号隔开，作插入语举例，用 for instance；such as 后面不加逗号，直接接列举名词。 2.There is a science museum in the ________ (centre) part of our city.（用正确形式填空） 【答案】central 【解析】空格修饰名词part，需要用形容词；centre 是名词 “中心”，形容词形式为central，意为 “中部的、中心的”。句意：在我们城市的中部有一座科学博物馆。 3.有些动物拥有惊人的本领。例如，狗可以帮助人们做很多工作。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Some animals have amazing skills. For instance, dogs can help people do many jobs. 知识点3：Although this meant that people could travel further and faster, transporting large amounts of goods was still a difficult job.尽管这使得人们能够走得更远、行得更快，但运输大量货物仍然是一项艰巨的任务。（教材P53） ①although 意为：虽然；尽管，引导让步状语从句。不能和but 连用，但可以和 yet /still 连用。 ✅ Although he is young, he knows a lot. ✅ He is young, but he knows a lot. ❌ Although he is young, but he knows a lot. ②large amounts of 大量的（后接不可数名词），作主语时谓语动词用复数。 【拓展】a large amount of + 不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。 例句：Large amounts of money were spent on the project.大笔的钱被花费在这个项目上。 例句：A large amount of money was spent on the project.大笔的钱被花费在这个项目上。 【即时小练】 1. ____ the task is difficult, lots of volunteers still try their best to finish it. A. Although B. But C. So D. If 【答案】A 【详解】although 引导让步状语从句，意为 “虽然”，不与 but 连用。句意：虽然这项任务很困难，但许多志愿者仍然尽全力完成它。 2. Although the robot works fast, ____ it cannot deal with all special cases. A. but B. yet C. so D. and 【答案】B 【详解】although 不可搭配 but；yet 是副词，可以和 although 共用。句意：虽然这个机器人工作速度很快，然而它不能处理所有特殊情况。 3. A large amount of time ____ on online study by many teenagers every week. A. spends B. spent C. is spent D. are spent 【答案】C 【详解】a large amount of + 不可数名词作主语，谓语单数；time和spend 被动关系。句意：每周许多青少年把大量时间花在网上学习。 4.虽然人工智能发展迅速，但它依旧不能完全代替人类。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Although AI develops fast, it still can’t take the place of humans completely. 知识点4：The wheel not only changed the way humans move, but it also allowed us to build all types of amazing machines.轮子不仅改变了人类的移动方式，还使我们能够制造出各种各样的奇妙机器。 （教材P53） ①not only… but also… 不仅…… 而且…… 并列连词，连接两个并列成分（主语、谓语、宾语、句子），强调后者。在实际使用中，also 有时可以省略，表达的意思不变。 例句：She can play not only the piano but the guitar. 她不仅会弹钢琴，还会弹吉他。 注意： (1)连接句子：not only 置于句首时，前半句要部分倒装；but also 后面句子不倒装。 例句：Not only did the wheel change people’s life, but it also helped develop new machines. 轮子不仅改变了人们的生活，还助力新机器的研发。 (2) not only…but also… 连接并列主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上要和离它最近的主语保持一致，即遵循 “就近原则”。 例句：Not only my brother but also I am good at painting.不仅我弟弟擅长绘画，我也擅长。 Not only the students but also their teacher likes the invention.不仅学生们，他们的老师也喜欢这项发明。 ②allow sb. to do sth. 使 / 允许某人做某事 例句：The new tool allows us to finish work faster.这个新工具让我们可以更快完成工作。 ③ all types of 各种各样的 = all kinds of 例句：We can see all types of old machines in the museum.我们在博物馆里可以看到各种各样的古老机器。 【即时小练】 1. Not only my sister but also I ____ interested in modern inventions. A. is B. am C. are D. be 【答案】B 【详解】考查 not only…but also… 就近原则。靠近谓语的主语是 I，be 动词用 am。句意：不仅我姐姐，我也对现代发明感兴趣。 2. The new machine allows us ____ different kinds of goods quickly. A. carry B. to carry C. carrying D. carries 【答案】B 【详解】固定搭配 allow sb. to do sth.“允许 / 使某人做某事”，用不定式 to carry。句意：这台新机器使我们可以快速运送各类货物。 3. Not only Tom but also his parents ____ (enjoy) learning about old‑style machines.(用所给词适当形式填空) 【答案】enjoy 【详解】就近原则，离谓语近的主语是 his parents，复数，谓语用原形 enjoy。句意：不仅汤姆，他的父母也喜欢了解老式机器。 4.(中译英)这项新技术不仅节约时间，还允许我们尝试各种各样的新想法。 _________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The new technology not only saves time but also allows us to try all types of new ideas. 知识点5：Windmills, clocks and other machines all use wheels, and the Industrial Revolution depended on the wheel.风车、时钟及其他机械均采用轮子，而工业革命正是依赖于轮子而展开的。（教材P53） 【词汇变形】 depend (v.) 依靠；依赖；取决于｜depend on 依靠，取决于 dependent (adj.) 依靠的；依赖的 ｜ be dependent on 依靠…… independent (adj.) 独立的 ｜ be independent of 独立于…… independence (n.) 独立 例句：Early transport depended on horses.早期的交通工具依靠马匹。 例句：Our plan depends on the weather.我们的计划取决于天气。 口语：It depends. 视情况而定。 【即时小练】 1.Don’t ________ others. We should learn to think for ourselves and make the right choice. A．put up B．depend on C．be similar to D．think about 【答案】B 【详解】句意：不要依赖别人。我们应该学会独立思考并做出正确的选择。 考查短语辨析。put up张贴；depend on依赖；be similar to与……相似；think about思考。根据后句“We should learn to think for ourselves and make the right choice.”可知，我们应该学会独立思考并做出正确的选择，由此可知前句是劝诫不要依赖他人。故选B。 2. Teenagers shouldn’t be too ________ (depend) on their parents.(用所给词适当形式填空) 【答案】dependent 【详解】be dependent on 为固定搭配，意为 “依靠……”，be 动词后接形容词作表语。句意：青少年不应该过度依赖父母。 3. 我们的成功取决于我们的努力。 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Our success depends on our hard work. 【详解】depend on “取决于”；主语 success 为不可数名词，谓语动词用三单形式 depends on。 知识点6：Without doubt, the wheel is one of the most important inventions of all time.毋庸置疑，轮子是人类历史上最重要的发明之一。（教材P53） ①doubt n./v 怀疑；疑问→doubtful adj.怀疑的 【重点短语和句型】 without doubt 毫无疑问；毋庸置疑=undoubtedly adv.毋庸置疑地，的确地 例句：Without doubt, he is a great inventor.毫无疑问，他是一位伟大的发明家。 no doubt 无疑；很可能 例句：No doubt he will succeed.他无疑会成功。 there is no doubt that… 毫无疑问……（that 引导同位语从句，高频考点） 例句：There is no doubt that the wheel changed the world.毫无疑问轮子改变了世界。 don’t doubt that … 不怀疑……（否定 doubt，接 that） I don’t doubt that he is right. 我不怀疑他是对的。 doubt whether / if … 怀疑是否……（肯定 doubt，接 whether/if） I doubt whether he will agree. 我怀疑他是否会同意。 ② one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数 最…… 之一 ⚠考点：名词必须复数；谓语动词用单数 例句：This is one of the most important inventions of all time.这是有史以来最重要的发明之一。 ③ of all time 有史以来；人类历史上 【即时小练】 1. There is no doubt ____ printing is one of the greatest inventions. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：毫无疑问印刷术是最伟大的发明之一。固定句型 There is no doubt that… 毫无疑问……，that 引导同位语从句。故选 C。 2. Without doubt, Yuan Longping is one of ____ scientists ____. A. great; of all time B. the greatest; of all time C. greater; all the time D. the greater; all the time 【答案】B 【详解】句意：毫无疑问，袁隆平是有史以来最伟大的科学家之一。one of+the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数；of all time 有史以来。故选 B。 3. I don’t doubt ____ he will finish the task well.(用适当连词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】don’t doubt 表示否定含义，后面用 that 引导从句。句意：我不怀疑他会出色完成这项任务。 4.I doubt ____ he will come to the party..(用适当连词填空) 【答案】whether /if 【详解】肯定形式的 doubt 后接 whether/if，表示 “怀疑是否”。句意：我怀疑他是否会来参加派对。 5.(中译英)毫无疑问，互联网改变了我们的生活。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Without doubt, the Internet has changed our life. 【详解】without doubt 毫无疑问，放在句首作状语。 知识点7：My invention will help people avoid traffic jams. 我的发明将帮助人们避免交通堵塞。（教材P60） ① avoid v. 避免；回避→avoidable adj.能避免的 →unavoidable adj.不可避免的 ✅ 核心考点：avoid + doing sth. 避免做某事（❌ 不能接 to do） 例句：You should avoid driving in heavy rain.你应该避免在大雨中开车。 ② traffic jams 交通堵塞（复数） 【即时小练】 1.Many teenagers avoid ____ (talk) about their troubles with their parents. 【答案】talking 【详解】avoid doing sth. 避免做某事。句意：很多青少年避免和父母谈论自己的烦恼。 2.这项新的公共交通发明可以帮助市民避免严重的交通堵塞。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This new public‑transport invention can help citizens avoid bad traffic jams. 3.为了保护环境，我们要避免使用一次性塑料制品。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】To protect the environment, we should avoid using single‑use plastic products. 知识点8：辨析 anywhere（教材P60），somewhere,nowhere, everywhere 易混词 含义及用法 例句 somewhere 意为“在某处；到某处”,常用于肯定句中 Let’s meet somewhere near the park. 我们在公园附近找个地方见面吧。 anywhere 意为“在(或去)任何地方”,常用于否定句、疑问句和 条件状语从句中；用于肯定 句中时，强调任何一个地方。 I can’t find my keys anywhere.我哪儿都找不到钥匙。 Did you go anywhere interesting during the holiday? 假期你去什么有趣的地方了吗？ everywhere 意为“处处；到处”,常用于肯定句中。 He looked everywhere for his missing phone. 他到处找他丢失的手机。 nowhere 意为“无处；哪里都不”,相当于not..anywhere Without a map, we felt like we were going nowhere. 没有地图，我们感觉哪儿也去不了。 【即时小练】 1.—Did you go ____ interesting last weekend? —Yes, I went to the city library. A. somewhere B. anywhere C. everywhere D. nowhere 【答案】B 【详解】问句是一般疑问句，疑问句用 anywhere；形容词 interesting 放在 anywhere 后面。 2. I looked ____ for my watch, but I could find it ____. A. somewhere; anywhere B. everywhere; nowhere C. everywhere; anywhere D. anywhere; somewhere 【答案】B 【详解】第一空 “到处找手表” 用 everywhere；but 表转折，但是哪里都找不到，用 nowhere（无处）。句意：我到处找我的手表，但是哪儿都找不到。 3.(中译英)暑假我想去某个凉爽的地方旅行。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I want to travel somewhere cool in summer vacation. 4.(中译英)在网上你几乎可以买到任何地方的特产。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】You can buy local products from anywhere on the Internet. 5.(中译英)春节期间，到处都可以看到漂亮的红灯笼。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】You can see beautiful red lanterns everywhere during the Spring Festival. 6.(中译英)如果没有梦想，你将会无处可去。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】If you have no dreams, you will go nowhere. 单元语法：①形容词比较级和最高级不规则变化; ②（not）as...as 一、形容词的比较级和最高级的不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good, well 好的 better best bad, ill 坏的 worse worst many, much许多的 more most little 少 less least far 远的 farther farthest further furthest old老的 older oldest elder eldest 注意： (1)farther和further 都可表示“更远的”,但further 还可用于表示“更进一步的”“更多的”等抽象含义。 如：further study 深造 (2) elder和eldest只能用作定语修饰名词，用于表示家庭成员之间的长幼关系，不用于比较级句型中。 如：elder sister(姐姐)，elder brother(哥哥) B、原级结构和句型 (as...as; not as/so...as) 1. 在表示“和…一样…”时，可用“as + 形容词as”结构(形容词要用原形)： Early computers were as big as a room.早期的计算机和一间房间一样大。 He is as busy as before. 他还是和以前一样忙。 2. 在表示“不如…那样…”时可用“not as(so)... as”这种结构： It isn’t so cold as yesterday. 今天不像昨天那样冷。 He is not so handsome as his brother. 他不像他哥哥那样英俊。 3.“(not)as many+复数名词+as”和“(not)as much+ 不可数名词+as”表示数量或程度，意为 “和……(不)一样多的……"”。 I have as many books as you. 我和你拥有一样多的书。 A candle does not produce as much light as a light bulb.蜡烛发出的光不如灯泡多。 4. 表示倍数,如“一半／两倍／三倍／四倍／······”等用“half/twice/three/four/...times+ as...as...”结构. We got three times as many people as we expected.来人的数目是我们预期的三倍. 【即时小练】 1.Learning Chinese may not be as ________ as learning English for Nancy. A．easy B．easier C．eases D．easily 【答案】A 【详解】句意：对南希来说，学习中文可能不像学习英语那样容易。 easy容易的；easier更容易的；eases减轻；easily容易地。根据“as ... as”结构可知，中间需用形容词或副词的原级，且系动词be后接形容词作表语。应填easy。 2.—Alex is really hard-working. He has become one of ________ students in our school. —That’s true. He practises every day and now he can run as ________ as our P. E. teacher. A．fastest; fast B．fastest; faster C．the fastest; faster D．the fastest; fast 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——亚历克斯真的很努力。他已经成为我们学校最快的学生之一了。——确实如此。他每天练习，现在他能跑得和我们体育老师一样快。 第一空，固定结构“one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数”，意为“最……之一”，最高级前必须加 the，排除A、B；第二空，固定结构“as + 原级 + as”，意为“和……一样……”，中间需用副词原级，排除C。 3．—Shall we try the “CityWalk” route along the Yangtze River in Wuhu tonight? —Great! Just as the saying goes, “To see a hundred photos is ________ to feel the river breeze yourself.” A．as good as B．not as well as C．as well as D．not as good as 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——今晚我们试试芜湖沿江的“城市漫步”路线好吗？——太好了！正如俗话所说，“看百张照片不如亲身感受江风。” 系动词is后接形容词good，well通常作副词，故排除含well的选项。根据答语“Great!”可知，说话人认为亲身体验优于看照片，即看照片不如亲身感受，需用否定结构not as…as。 4．—I don’t think my brother is ________ me. He often forgets things. —That’s true. He needs to be more attentive. A．less careful than B．so careless as C．as careful as D．more careless than 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我认为我弟弟不如我细心。他经常忘事。——确实。他需要更专注一些。 careful细心的；careless粗心的。根据后句“He often forgets things.” 可知，说话人想表达弟弟不如自己细心，应填as careful as。 5.—I think English is as ________ as math. —I agree with you. We should study both hard. A．important B．more important C．the most important D．importance 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我认为英语和数学一样重要。——我同意你的看法。两门都应该努力学习。 important重要的（形容词原级）；more important更重要的（形容词比较级）；the most important最重要的（形容词最高级）；importance重要性（名词）。根据题干“as ________ as math”可知，as...as是同级比较结构，中间应用形容词原级，表示“和……一样……”，应填important。 6. This new library provides ________ books as the old one, but it has less space. A. as many B. as much C. many as D. much as 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这座新图书馆和旧图书馆有一样多的书，但是它的空间更小。books 是可数名词复数，用 as many as。 7. —Is Bob good at science? —No. His science is much ________ than his sister’s. A. bad B. worse C. worst D. the worst 【答案】B 【详解】than 提示用比较级；bad 的比较级为 worse。句意：—— 鲍勃擅长理科吗？—— 不，他的理科比他姐姐差得多。 8. He wants to get ________ education in foreign countries, so he goes abroad. A. farther B. further C. farthest D. furthest 【答案】B 【详解】further study/education 表示抽象 “更进一步的、深造”；farther 多指距离更远。句意：他想要在国外接受深造，所以出国了。 9. My ________ brother is two years older than me. A. older B. elder C. old D. oldest 【答案】B 【详解】elder 用作定语，指家庭成员长幼，elder brother 哥哥。句意：我的哥哥比我大两岁。 10. The factory produces three times ________ waste water as before. A. as many B. many as C. as much D. much as 【答案】C 【详解】waste water 是不可数名词；倍数 + as much + 不可数名词 + as。句意：这家工厂产生的废水是以前的三倍。 二、用所给词的正确形式填空 1.Tom doesn’t do his homework as ________ (care) as his sister. 【答案】carefully 【详解】修饰动词 do 用副词原级；as…as 中间用原级。句意：汤姆做作业不如他姐姐认真。 2.This story is ________ (bad) than that one. It is ________ (bad) of the three stories. 【答案】worse；the worst 【详解】第一空 than 用比较级 bad‑worse；第二空三者范围用最高级 the worst。句意：这个故事比那个差，它是三个故事当中最差的。 3.We need ________ (little) time than we expected. 【答案】less 【详解】than 提示 little 的比较级 less。句意：我们需要的时间比预想的更少。 4.My grandma’s health is getting ________ (good) day by day. 【答案】better 【详解】get better 变得更好；good 的比较级 better。句意：我奶奶的身体一天天好转。 5.There are not as ________ (many) trees in this city as ten years ago. 【答案】many 【详解】as…as 中间用原级，trees 可数复数用 many。句意：这座城市的树木不如十年前多。 6.He wants to do ________ (far) research on old inventions. 【答案】further 【详解】further 抽象含义，更进一步的。句意：他想要对古老发明做更进一步的研究。 7.Of all the students, Jack makes ________ (little) mistakes in the English test. 【答案】the least 【详解】of all the students 表示三者及以上范围，little 最高级 the least。句意：在所有学生当中，杰克英语考试犯错最少。 8.The weather today is much ________ (bad) than yesterday. 【答案】worse 【详解】than 提示用比较级，bad 的比较级 worse；much 修饰比较级。句意：今天的天气比昨天差得多。 9.The new‑type car is not as ________ (expensive) as people imagine. 【答案】expensive 【详解】not as…as 同级比较，中间用形容词原级。句意：这款新型汽车不像人们想象的那么贵。 10.The box is much ________ (heavy) than that one, but it doesn’t hold as ________ (many) things. 【答案】heavier；many 【详解】than 提示 heavy 比较级 heavier；things 为可数复数，as…as 中间用原级 many。句意：这个箱子比那个重得多，但是装的东西没有那个多。 （时间：35分钟） 一、单项选择 1．—Can I borrow your bike tomorrow? —It ________ my plan. If I don’t use it, you can take it. A．writes down B．agrees with C．finds out D．depends on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——明天我能借你的自行车吗？——这取决于我的计划。如果我不使用，你可以骑走。 考查动词短语辨析。writes down写下；agrees with同意；finds out查明；depends on取决于。根据答语后半句“If I don’t use it, you can take it.”可知，借出自行车的前提是“我不用”，因此借不借得出“取决于”我的计划。故选D。 2．—What should we do if an earthquake happens and we can’t get out of the building? —Stay under a strong table. It’s safer to ________ falling objects. A．mind B．avoid C．enjoy D．finish 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——如果地震发生，我们无法离开大楼，应该怎么办？——待在结实的桌子下面。这样更安全，可以避开掉落的物体。 考查动词辨析。mind介意；avoid避免；enjoy享受；finish完成。根据题干描述可知，躲在桌子下是为了“避开”或“避免”被掉落的物体砸到，因此选avoid。故选B。 3．— Is your hair as________ as Mary’s? — No, her hair is________than mine. A．longer; long B．long; long C．long; longer D．longer; longer 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你的头发和玛丽的一样长吗？——不，她的头发比我的更长。 考查形容词原级和比较级的用法。longer更长的；long长的。第一空“as…as”结构要求中间用形容词原级，因此用long；第二空出现“than”，需要用形容词比较级，因此用longer。故选C。 4．—Li Hua does his homework as ________ as Xiao Lin. —I don’t think so. I think Xiao Lin is ________ than Li Hua. A．more carefully; more careful B．carefully; most careful C．more carefully; most careful D．carefully; more careful 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——李华做作业和小林一样认真。——我不这么认为。我认为小林比李华更认真。 考查副词原级和形容词比较级的用法。carefully认真地，副词原级；more carefully更认真地，副词比较级；more careful更认真的，形容词比较级；most careful最认真的，形容词最高级。根据“Li Hua does his homework as...as Xiao Lin.”可知，第一空修饰动词“does”，需用副词，as...as之间应用原级，as carefully as表示“与……一样认真地”；根据“I think Xiao Lin is...than Li Hua.”可知，第二空应用形容词比较级作表语。故选D。 5．I live in Guangzhou. Winter in my city is ________ as it is in Shanghai. A．not as cold B．not cold C．not as colder D．as colder 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我住在广州。我所在城市的冬天不如上海那么冷。 考查as…as比较结构的否定形式。本句要表达“广州冬天不如上海冷”，应使用“not as+形容词原级+as”结构，C选项as…as之间是形容词原级。故选A。 6．The price of new energy vehicles is not as ________ as last year, so more people are going to buy them. A．expensive B．more expensive C．most expensive D．the most expensive 【答案】A 【详解】句意：新能源汽车的价格不像去年那样贵，所以更多人打算购买。 考查形容词原级比较。expensive贵的，形容词；more expensive更贵的，形容词比较级；most expensive最贵的，形容词最高级；the most expensive最贵的，带定冠词的形容词最高级。句中“not as…as”结构表示“不像……一样”，中间需用形容词原级。故选A。 7. ____ the task is full of challenges, yet the group will keep trying till the end. A. Although B. But C. So D. If 【答案】A 【详解】although 引导让步状语从句，可与副词 yet 同句。句意：尽管这项任务充满挑战，但是小组会坚持尝试到最后。 8.When communicating online, we must avoid ____ our feelings too directly to strangers. A. show B. showing C. to show D. showed 【答案】B 【详解】avoid doing sth 固定搭配。句意：网络交流时，我们必须避免向陌生人过于直白地表露自己的情绪。 9._______ students in our school _______ forty-five, and _______ them like reading novels. A．The number of, is; a number of B．The number of, are; a number of C．A number of, is; the number of D．A number of, are; the number of 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们学校的学生数量是四十五，并且其中许多学生喜欢读小说。 考查短语辨析。the number of...……的数量，接名词做主语时谓语动词要用单数形式；a number of...许多，后接复数名词或代词，动词用复数。第一部分描述学生数量，需用“The number of”和单数动词“is”；第二部分表示许多学生喜欢读小说，需用“a number of”。选项A符合此结构，B项动词错误，C和D项短语使用不当。故选A。 10. ________, AI will change people’s daily life greatly in the near future. A. Without doubt B. In silence C. In public D. In person 【答案】A 【详解】句意：毫无疑问，在不久的将来人工智能会极大改变人们的日常生活。 without doubt 毫无疑问；in silence 沉默地；in public 公开地；in person 亲自。故选 A。 二、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从下列各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。 Inventions can be either big or small. Big inventions like the TV and the computer make us 1 them all the time. There are also several small things around us 2 the following two small inventions, but we seldom notice them. Sometimes, they may be even 3 than big inventions. In some cases, they can help people work 4 . A paper clip helps hold pieces of paper together without 5 a hole. A big paper clip was put up in Norway 6 people remember the inventor of the paper clip Johan Vaaler. He invented the paper clip in 1900 when working in Germany. A paper clip is in fact a piece of wire. It can hold 7 pieces of paper together. Now plenty of them 8 made and sold all over the world. The ballpoint pen was invented in the 1930s by a Hungarian called Biro. He had been trying to find 9 use for the quick-drying ink and designed this pen. Later, a Frenchman, Marcel Bich thought up the idea of making 10 use-and-throw pen and sold it cheap. It was named BIC and became more and more popular. 1．A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt 2．A．include B．includes C．included D．including 3．A．helpful B．more helpful C．most helpful D．the most helpful 4．A．perfect B．perfected C．perfecting D．perfectly 5．A．make B．to make C．making D．makes 6．A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped 7．A．few B．a few C．little D．a little 8．A．is B．are C．was D．were 9．A．other B．others C．another D．the other 10．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．B 8．B 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文主要以回形针和圆珠笔为例，说明小发明和大发明一样对人们有帮助。 【详解】 1．句意：像电视和电脑这样的大发明让我们每时每刻都感受到它们。 feel感受；to feel是feel的动词不定式；feeling是feel的现在分词；felt是feel的过去式/过去分词。句中包含句型make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”，需填入动词原形。故选A。 2．句意：我们身边也有一些小物品，包括以下两个小发明，但我们很少注意到它们。 include包括；includes是include的三单形式；included是include的过去式/过去分词；including是include的动名词/现在分词。根据“There are also several small things around us ... the following two small inventions...”可知，该句已有谓语are，而include/includes/included都可作谓语动词，若填入就重复了。故用非谓语动词including，表示“包括”。故选D。 3．句意：有时，它们甚至可能比大发明更有用。 helpful有帮助的；more helpful更有帮助的；most helpful最有帮助的；the most helpful最有帮助的，“the+最高级”结构。根据“they may be even ... than big inventions”可知，句中有than，填入比较级。故选B。 4．句意：在某些情况下，它们可以帮助人们完美地工作。 perfect完美的；perfected是perfect作动词时的过去式/过去分词，意为“使……完美”；perfecting是现在分词；perfectly完美地。根据“they can help people work ...”可知，需填入副词修饰动词work，表示“完美地工作”。故选D。 5．句意：回形针可以帮助把纸夹在一起而不会戳个洞。 make制作；to make是动词不定式；making是动名词/现在分词；makes是三单形式。根据“A paper clip helps hold pieces of paper together without ... a hole.”可知，介词without后跟动名词。故选C。 6．句意：挪威竖起了一个大回形针，以帮助人们记住回形针的发明者约翰·瓦勒。 help帮助；to help是动词不定式；helping是动名词/现在分词；helped是过去式/过去分词。根据“A big paper clip was put up in Norway ... people remember the inventor of the paper clip Johan Vaaler.”可知，“A big paper clip was put up in Norway”的目的是为了帮助人们记住回形针的发明者，用动词不定式表目的。故选B。 7．句意：它可以把几张纸夹在一起。 few很少，后跟可数名词复数；a few一些，后跟可数名词复数；little很少，后跟不可数名词；a little一点儿，后跟不可数名词。根据“It can hold ... pieces of paper together.”可知，pieces of paper意为“几张纸”，pieces是可数名词复数。故选B。 8．句意：现在很多回形针被制造出来并销往世界各地。 is用于第三人称单数后；are用于复数人称后；was是is/am的过去式；were是are的过去式。根据“Now plenty of them ... made and sold all over the world.”可知，them指代paper clips，主语是复数，时态为一般现在时，be动词用are。故选B。 9．句意：他一直试图为速干墨水找到另一种用途，并设计了这支笔。 other其他的；others相当于“other+名词复数”；another（三者或三者以上的）另一个；the other（两者中的）另一个。根据“He had been trying to find ... use for the quick-drying ink and designed this pen.”可知，此处表示他一直试图为速干墨水找到“另一种”用途，是在众多可能的用途中找一个新的用途，another符合语境。故选C。 10．句意：后来，法国人马塞尔·比希想出了制造一次性钢笔的主意，并以便宜的价格出售。 a不定冠词，表泛指，后跟辅音音素开头的词；an不定冠词，表泛指，后跟元音音素开头的词；the定冠词，表特指；/是零冠词。根据“Later, a Frenchman, Marcel Bich thought up the idea of making ... use-and-throw pen and sold it cheap.”可知，“use-and-throw pen”是第一次出现在本文中，表泛指，且use以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故选A。 三、完形填空 Many years ago, there was a family named Franklin. They lived in Boston. There were five girls and six boys in the family. On a January day in 1706, another baby boy was born. The boy’s parents gave the boy a name—Benjamin. Benjamin was the 1 of all the children. He could read when he was five and he could write when he was seven. The next year his parents sent him to school. At school Benjamin was good at reading and writing, but not good at Maths. He read all of his father’s books. And when he had money, he always went to buy 2 , because they told him how to do something. The boy liked to use his head and tried to 3 ways to help people enjoy life more. For example, he tried to know if there were some ways to swim farther, maybe with something on his hands or 4 . Slowly a picture of swimming shoes grew in his 5 . They must be neither too big nor too small. And they must be neither too heavy nor too light. At last, he 6 the flippers for swimming. Electricity was one of the things Benjamin experimented with when he stopped working. He discovered that lightning and electricity were the same thing. The lightning rod (避雷针) was a(n) 7 invention that we still use today. It can 8 buildings and ships from lightning damage. Franklin preferred to have his inventions used 9 by everyone. He was not only an inventor, but also a writer, an educator, a politician and so on. He made great achievements in different areas. Thomas Jefferson, the third president of America, called Benjamin Franklin “the 10 man of the age and country in which he lived”. 1．A．cleverest B．strongest C．bravest D．quietest 2．A．candies B．gifts C．books D．toys 3．A．look out B．look for C．look after D．look up 4．A．head B．face C．arms D．feet 5．A．mind B．idea C．spirits D．attention 6．A．discovered B．invented C．achieved D．decided 7．A．horrible B．awful C．important D．natural 8．A．provide B．improve C．hide D．protect 9．A．freely B．quickly C．expensively D．separately 10．A．friendliest B．greatest C．busiest D．funniest 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文讲述了本杰明·富兰克林的生平，从他的童年聪慧、发明创造到他的多方面成就，展现了他作为发明家、作家、政治家等多重身份的伟大贡献。 【详解】 1．句意：本杰明是所有孩子中最聪明的。 根据后文“He could read when he was five and he could write when he was seven.”可知，本杰明比其他孩子更早展现读写能力，cleverest最聪明的，符合语境。strongest最强壮的；bravest最勇敢的；quietest最安静的，均不符。 2．句意：当他有钱时，他总是去买书，因为书会告诉他如何做事情。 根据前文“He read all of his father’s books.”可知他喜欢阅读，因此有钱会买books书。candies糖果；gifts礼物；toys玩具，均不符。 3．句意：这个男孩喜欢动脑筋，试图寻找方法帮助人们更好地享受生活。 根据后文“help people enjoy life more”可知，他在寻找方法来改善生活，look for寻找，符合语境。look out小心；look after照顾；look up查阅，均不符。 4．句意：例如，他想知道是否有办法游得更远，也许在手上或脚上戴些东西。 根据后文“swimming shoes grew”可知，他设想的是在脚上戴东西辅助游泳，feet脚，符合语境。head头；face脸；arms手臂，均不符。 5．句意：慢慢地，一个游泳鞋的样子在他的脑海中形成了。 根据语境，这里指想法在他的脑海中形成，mind脑海，符合语境。idea主意；spirits精神；attention注意力，均不符。 6．句意：最后，他发明了游泳用的脚蹼。 根据后文“the flippers for swimming”可知，这是他发明的物品，invented发明的，符合语境。discovered发现；achieved实现；decided决定，均不符。 7．句意：避雷针是一项我们至今仍在使用的重要发明。 根据后文“we still use today”可知，避雷针是一项重要的发明，important重要的，符合语境。horrible可怕的；awful糟糕的；natural自然的，均不符。 8．句意：它可以保护建筑物和船只免受雷击损害。 根据常识，避雷针的作用是保护建筑和船只免受雷击，protect保护，符合语境。provide提供；improve改善；hide隐藏，均不符。 9．句意：富兰克林希望他的发明能为所有人自由使用。 根据后文“for everyone”可知，他希望发明能被自由地使用，freely自由地，符合语境。quickly快速地；expensively昂贵地；separately分别地，均不符。 10．句意：美国第三任总统托马斯·杰斐逊称本杰明·富兰克林为“他所处时代和国家最伟大的人”。 根据前文“He made great achievements in different areas.”可知，富兰克林被评价为最伟大的人，greatest最伟大的，符合语境。friendliest最友好的；busiest最忙碌的；funniest最有趣的，均不符。 四、阅读理解 Have you been amazed by the robot performances at the opening ceremony of the 15th National Games? Actually, robots are now part of our lives. They can not only play music and dance, but also help us a lot in many ways. Sophia Sophia was “born” in Hong Kong and she’s the world’s first-ever robot citizen! She is a mix of AI and human input, so she can have a real conversation with you and develop her own feelings and actions. Besides this, she actually has many difficult tasks as she plays a vital part in science, medical and technology research. With Sophia’s help, scientists can complete their work more successfully. Who knows-maybe one day you will make friends with a robot like Sophia? Cleaning Robots These small, round objects are becoming increasingly popular in homes to give a helping hand with daily housework like cleaning the floor! All you need to do is to give the robot a plan of the space that it has to cover, program when you want it to start the cleaning process and you’re good to go! Restaurant Robots How stressful is it to work at a busy restaurant with not a lot of help? That’s exactly how millions of waiters must feel: sometimes, they have to wait on hundreds of tables but only have two hands! Thankfully, new robot waiters are a great help. The machines have several trays (托盘) so waiters just need to load the plates and let the robots take them over to the table. In some restaurants, cooking robots can even help cook food. Robots are changing our world in cool and useful ways—from talking like friends to cleaning our homes and serving food. They are not just amazing machines, but also our helpful partners. Who knows what amazing robots we will see next? Maybe the next great robot inventor is you! 1．What makes Sophia different from other robots? A．She is popular with Hong Kong scientists. B．She is the first robot citizen in the world. C．She can play music and dance at important events. D．She can help waiters with service in busy restaurants. 2．What does the underlined word “vital” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Important. B．Funny. C．Simple. D．Social. 3．What do you need to do before making a cleaning robot work? A．Let it make friends with other home robots. B．Check its trays and repair the broken plates. C．Teach it to clean the floor and throw away rubbish. D．Give it a space plan and program the cleaning time. 4．How do restaurant robots help waiters? A．Talk with many customers. B．Wait for people by the table. C．Carry plates and help to cook. D．Invent new cleaning machines. 5．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards robots? A．Doubtful. B．Worried. C．Positive. D．Negative. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了机器人Sophia、清洁机器人和餐厅机器人在日常生活中的应用，展示了机器人如何以酷炫且实用的方式改变我们的世界。 【详解】 1.细节理解题。根据“Sophia was ‘born’ in Hong Kong and she’s the world’s first-ever robot citizen!”可知，Sophia与其他机器人的不同之处在于她是世界上第一个机器人公民。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“she actually has many difficult tasks as she plays a vital part in science, medical and technology research.”可知，Sophia在科学、医学和技术研究中扮演重要角色，因此vital意为“重要的”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“All you need to do is to give the robot a plan of the space that it has to cover, program when you want it to start the cleaning process and you’re good to go!”可知，使用清洁机器人前需要给它空间规划并设置清洁时间。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“The machines have several trays so waiters just need to load the plates and let the robots take them over to the table. In some restaurants, cooking robots can even help cook food.”可知，餐厅机器人通过运送餐盘和协助烹饪来帮助服务员。故选C。 5．观点态度题。根据“Robots are changing our world in cool and useful ways—from talking like friends to cleaning our homes and serving food. They are not just amazing machines, but also our helpful partners.”可知，作者对机器人持积极态度。故选C。 五、任务型阅读 阅读短文，然后根据内容回答问题。 The Steam Engine Thomas Newcomen and the invention of the first steam engine This is the Newcomen’s engine, which was invented in 1712 by Thomas Newcomen. It was the very first steam engine. Newcomen invented it to help people mine for metals and coal at greater depths. Watt’s improvement of Newcomen’s design People often consider James Watt the inventor of the steam engine. Few people know that he simply improved on Thomas Newcomen’s original design. Watt’s improvement to Newcomen’s design increased the power of the engine. This new steam engine could be used in many more ways. It could power trains and ships, and it could also be used in factories. The steam engine and the Industrial Revolution Watt added wheels and cogs to his steam engine, and this made it useful in trains and steamboats. His invention played a huge role in the Industrial Revolution. 1．What did the Newcomen’s engine help people do when it was designed? 2．Who improved Newcomen’s steam engine and made it more powerful? 3．What is the symbol of the Industrial Revolution? 4．What other inventions do you know? Try to tell us. (At least 30 words.) 【答案】1．It helped people mine for metals and coal at greater depths. 2．James Watt. 3．The steam engine with wheels and cogs. 4．I know many great inventions that changed the world. For example, the telephone invented by Bell allows people to communicate with each other far away. The light bulb created by Edison brings light to our daily life. And the computer makes our work and study more convenient and efficient. 【导语】本文主要介绍了蒸汽机的发展历程：1712年Thomas Newcomen发明了世界上第一台蒸汽机，用于深层采矿；James Watt对其进行了关键性改进，提升了功率并拓展了应用场景；瓦特改良的蒸汽机因推动了火车、轮船和工厂的发展，成为工业革命的重要标志。 【详解】1．根据“Newcomen invented it to help people mine for metals and coal at greater depths.”可知，Newcomen发明这台机器，是为了帮助人们在更深的地下开采金属与煤炭。故填It helped people mine for metals and coal at greater depths. 2．根据“Few people know that he simply improved on Thomas Newcomen’s original design. Watt’s improvement to Newcomen’s design increased the power of the engine.”可知，鲜少有人知道，他只是对Thomas Newcomen的原始设计进行了改良。瓦特对纽科门设计的改进，提升了蒸汽机的功率。故填James Watt. 3．根据“Watt added wheels and cogs to his steam engine, and this made it useful in trains and steamboats. His invention played a huge role in the Industrial Revolution.”可知，瓦特在他的蒸汽机上加装了轮子与齿轮，这使得它能够应用于火车和蒸汽船。他的这项发明，在工业革命中发挥了举足轻重的作用。故填The steam engine with wheels and cogs. 4．本题为开放性问题，答案不唯一，结合实际情况，合理作答即可。故填I know many great inventions that changed the world. For example, the telephone invented by Bell allows people to communicate with each other far away. The light bulb created by Edison brings light to our daily life. And the computer makes our work and study more convenient and efficient. 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $