Unit 4 Inventions（单元自测卷·广州专用）英语新教材沪教版八年级上册

………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2026-2027学年八年级上册英语单元自测（广州专用） Unit 4 Inventions 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：100分钟，满分：110分） 一、语言知识运用（共两节, 满分25分） 第一节 语法选择（本题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。 Inventions are everywhere around us. They play 1 important role in human progress. From simple tools to high-tech machines, inventions change the world little by little. Thousands of years ago, people lived a hard life. They had no modern tools 2 life easier. They walked on foot, used simple stone tools and spent lots of time doing heavy work. Life was slow and difficult. But some clever people kept thinking and 3 . They wanted to solve problems in life and make people’s life better. Little by little, many useful things 4 .The wheel, the telephone, the computer and other great inventions came out. Today, new inventions come out every year. They make our study and work 5 . We can talk with people far away in seconds and get information quickly. 6 new inventions also bring some problems, such as pollution. As students, we should learn from inventors. Most inventors never give up 7 they meet difficulties. They are creative and patient. We need to keep our eyes open 8 small problems in life. Maybe we can create new things one day. Inventions are the fruit of wisdom. 9 we use inventions properly, they will serve us well and make the world 10 . 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．make B．making C．to make D．made 3．A．try B．trying C．tried D．tries 4．A．invent B．invented C．were invented D．are invented 5．A．easy B．easier C．easiest D．easily 6．A．And B．But C．So D．Or 7．A．when B．before C．until D．though 8．A．in B．on C．to D．for 9．A．If B．Unless C．Though D．Because 10．A．most beautiful B．more beautiful C．beautifully D．beauty 第二节 完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 The steam engine changed the world forever. It was first invented by Thomas Newcomen in 1712. Newcomen’s engine used a piston, cylinder and boiler to help people mine for coal at greater 11 . It was the very first steam engine, but it was not very 12 . Later, James Watt improved Newcomen’s design. He added wheels and cogs to the engine, which made it more powerful. Watt’s engine could be used in many more 13 , such as trains, ships and factories. It played a huge role in the Industrial Revolution. People often think Watt invented the steam engine, but he only improved the 14 design. He even created the term “horsepower” to describe how 15 his engine was. The unit of power called the “watt” is named after him. The steam engine shows how inventions can 16 over time. Newcomen’s idea was good, but Watt’s improvements made it useful for the whole world. Without the steam engine, the Industrial Revolution might not have happened, and the world would be a very 17 place today. Inventions like movable type and the steam engine have had a huge 18 on human history. They made knowledge spread faster, work easier, and travel farther. Every great invention starts with a simple idea, but with hard work and 19 , it can change the world. That’s why it’s important to keep asking questions and 20 new things. 11．A．depths B．heights C．speeds D．times 12．A．weak B．powerful C．slow D．big 13．A．places B．ways C．people D．problems 14．A．new B．old C．original D．modern 15．A．weak B．strong C．heavy D．light 16．A．improve B．stop C．disappear D．stay 17．A．same B．different C．easy D．busy 18．A．impact B．problem C．question D．rule 19．A．luck B．money C．improvement D．time 20．A．invent B．inventing C．to invent D．invented 二、阅读 (共两节，满分35分) 第1节 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从21-35各题所给的A、B、C、D项中，选出最佳选项。 A As one of China’s most famous inventions, papermaking is a great treasure of ancient civilization, which greatly changed human life. Before its creation, people depended on heavy bamboo slips, expensive silk, or hard animal bones to record information. These materials were either hard to carry or too costly, making it difficult for people to share knowledge widely. The earliest paper dates back to the Western Han Dynasty. It was made from simple plant materials like hemp and rags (麻类和破布), but the quality was not good enough for daily use. This invention slowly developed, and people kept trying to find better ways to make paper. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun made a major improvement in papermaking. He used common and easy-to-get materials such as bark, straw, and old fishing nets. This change made paper cheaper and more practical. Soon, paper became popular among people, greatly pushing the development of education and culture. Papermaking later spread to other countries through trade and cultural exchange. It first reached Asian countries, then spread to Europe, and finally to all parts of the world. Even today, paper remains an important part of our daily life, from books to documents. This ancient Chinese invention still shows its lasting value in connecting people and spreading knowledge. 21．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By making a comparison. C．By giving an opinion. D．By offering a suggestion. 22．The passage is mainly written in the order of ________. A．ideas B．time C．places D．persons 23．What was the problem with the earliest paper in the Western Han Dynasty? A．It was too heavy to carry. B．It was made from expensive materials. C．It could not record information clearly. D．Its quality was not suitable for daily use. 24．Why did Cai Lun’s improvement make paper popular? A．He used rare and valuable materials. B．It made paper more expensive but better. C．It made paper cheaper and more practical. D．He was a famous inventor in the Eastern Han Dynasty. 25．Which of the following is true about the last paragraph? A．Papermaking spread to Europe first. B．Papermaking only spread within Asia. C．Paper is no longer used in modern life. D．Trade helped papermaking spread globally. B Guillermo González Camarena, a Mexican inventor, was born in 1917. As a child, he loved building things. He made electric toys when he was young. By age 12, he had built a radio with spare parts. At 13, he began studying engineering. He was interested in a new technology of his time: television. Television works by sending pictures and sound to a screen using electrical signals. The first moving images were sent to TVs in the 1920s. Few people had TVs then, but many knew TV would be an important way to learn about the world. Early televisions had many limitations. They could only show black-and-white images, not color ones. Because of this, many inventors worked to solve these problems. González Camarena was one of the first with a solution. In 1940, he made a “tri-chromatic” (three-color) device, which used three colors: red, blue, and green. When it was connected to a black-and-white TV, people could see color images. The invention was a huge success. But the device was very expensive to make. He wanted everyone to have color TV, so he kept on working to make it cost less. By the early 1960s, he invented a cheaper way to show color on TV. He called it the “Simplified Bi-color System (SBCS).” It cost much less to produce. Starting in 1965, many SBCS TVs were made and sold in Mexico. González Camarena also believed that TV was important to educate children. His ideas helped create Mexico’s first educational TV network, “Telesecundaria,” which is still used today. Guillermo González Camarena passed away on April 18, 1965. Today, he is remembered as one of Mexico’s greatest inventors. 26．Why did González Camarena invent a tri-chromatic device? A．TVs were not perfect to send sound. B．TVs didn’t help educate children then. C．TVs were too expensive for people to own. D．TVs could only show black-and-white images. 27．What does the underlined word “limitations” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Special programs. B．Weak points. C．Unclear images. D．Loud sounds. 28．What was González Camarena’s view on television? A．It should help create TV network. B．Rich people should make it cheaper. C．It should be widely used and educational. D．There was no need to improve its technology. 29．What do you think of González Camarena according to the passage? A．A creative and caring inventor. B．A clever and friendly educator. C．A grateful and curious inventor. D．A smart and successful educator. 30．Where can we probably find this article? A．Great Inventors in History B．How Network Works C．Television User Guide D．The History of Television C Future Inventors Science Fair Discover amazing inventions at our science fair! See robots with shiny solar panels on their backs—these special parts catch sunlight to provide power. Watch how they use sensors (传感器) to feel movements and shake hands! There are also some interesting activities at the fair. Let’s have a look! – Hands-on (亲身实践的) fun activities: · Learn to fix simple robot problems at Tech Help Area. · Download free 3-D designs to create your own toys. · Learn to invent useful tools for health care. Weekend special offers (this Saturday only): ·The first 50 children: Free 3-D-printed animal key chain (钥匙扣)! ·Visitors under 12:All activities cost half price! Meet young inventors: Lena, age 13, invented special hooks. “I came up with the idea to help my grandfather hold his coffee cup,” she says. “Remember: when you lend a hand to others, you might hit on success!” Plan your visit: · Opening times: 9 am–5 pm (25 November–5 December) · Place: City Science Centre, 25 Green Street For more information, please click here: www.futureinventorsfair.com. 31．What does the underlined phrase “solar panels” mean in the passage? A． B． C． D． 32．How do robots feel movements? A．By using special sensors. B．By shaking hands. C．By using solar power. D．By downloading 3-D designs. 33．What can visitors do at Tech Help Area? A．Buy artificial arms. B．Weigh robotic parts. C．Meet sick people. D．Learn to fix robot problems. 34．Who can get a free animal key chain at the fair? A．All teachers. B．Children under 12. C．The first 50 children. D．Health care workers. 35．Where might this passage come from? A．A storybook. B．A science website. C．A newspaper. D．A film magazine. 第二节 阅读填空（共5小题， 每小题1分，共5分） 根据短文内容，将下面方框内的选项还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺，每个选项只能用一次，其中有一个选项是多余的。 Most of us think the telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. 36 In fact, an Italian named Antonio Meucci was officially recognized (认定) as the inventor a few years ago. Meucci was born in 1808. During his studies, Meucci started to experiment with electricity. 37 When two places were connected with wires (金属丝), people could hear each other talk. In 1850, Meucci and his wife moved to New York. Meucci was worried about his wife, because she had become very ill. 38 To solve this problem, he connected wires between his home and workshop. This way, they could talk to each other easily. Meucci invited some people to see his new invention. They listened in amazement as the voice of a singer was heard through the wires. 39 Even worse, he didn’t apply for a patent (专利) on his invention. At the same time, Bell was working on the same idea and he got the patent for the telephone in 1876. In 2002, more than a century after Meucci’s death, his work was finally recognized by the government. 40 A．He soon discovered that sound could travel through wires. B．However, he wasn’t the first person to think of the idea. C．Unluckily, Meucci was too poor to develop his invention further. D．Now he is famous around the world as the telephone’s inventor. E．He needed to keep in touch with her at all times. F．Meucci also invented many other useful machines. 三、项目情景(共两节,满分20分) 第一节 配对阅读(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分) Read the following information about some inventions. Please choose the proper invention for the 5 people according to their wishes: 41 Emily hopes to play the piano well. She wants to join in the school talent show this year. 42 Kate would like to have a very tiny computer which allows her to surf the Internet while she is cycling. 43 Lucas is a pet lover and is eager to keep a pet. But his mother doesn’t allow him to have a real one at home. 44 Mary is going to compete in the 100-meter race. She hopes that her shoelaces won’t get loose during the race. 45 James’s father is always busy delivering heavy parcels to people. He wants to invent something to help his father. A．Fast Helpers are robots that can do some hard work for you. They can carry more than 20kg each time. B．The Fantastic Cooker is a cooking robot. It can save you time and ensure that your dishes turn out perfectly every time. C． Magic Glasses are like a small computer. While wearing this kind of glasses, you can surf the Internet anywhere, anytime. D．Button Shoes can tie their shoelaces automatically. Just press the button on the top of the shoe, and the shoelace will stay tight. E. Magic Hands are gloves that help you play a musical instrument. Put them on, and they will help to move your fingers to play beautiful music. F. My Pet is an interesting phone app. It can turn your phone screen into the cartoon face of a cat or a dog. You can feed it and talk with it by touching the screen. 第二节 任务型阅读(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分) 阅读短文，然后根据内容回答所提问题。 Bi Sheng was born in Song Dynasty. He lived in a small village which lies in Huanggang today. He invented the printing around 1041-1048 AD(公元). He was the world’s first inventor of the printing. It is about 400 years earlier than the printing in Germany. The printing is also called the movable type printing (活字印刷). But how did it work in the past? First of all, the clay was made into movable types. Then words were engraved (雕刻) carefully onto the types. After that, the words were chosen and put in right order in a box according to the text. Next, the workers brushed ink onto the movable types. Finally the types could be used for printing. They could be used again and again for different books. The movable type printing plays an important role in Chinese culture. With the help of it, Chinese culture spread around the world more quickly. At the same time, the movable type printing was widely used in the world at that time. As a result, more and more culture communication among countries took place. The movable type printing, the compass (指南针), gunpowder and the paper-making are called four great inventions of China. They make China own an important and even top position in the history of human civilization (文明). 46．Who was the first inventor of the printing in the world? 47．When was the movable type printing invented? 48．How many steps were there in the movable type printing? 49．What are the four great inventions besides the movable type printing? 50．Is the movable type printing important in Chinese culture? 四、写作（共三节,满分30分） 第一节 语篇填词(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分) 请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词(每空限填一词) Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook’s inventor, showed his t 51 in programming when he was very young. To encourage him, his father p 52 to support his interest and bought him a computer as a gift. With it, Zuckerberg even created a smart music app. The app was designed to r 53 users’ data like how often they played a song, so it could give good suggestions. A 54 the early version had some small issues, it soon ran s 55 and became popular among its users. Looking back on his journey, Zuckerberg was completely certain that trusting his own judgment was the key to his success. 第二节 语法填空(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分) Directions：阅读下面关于爱迪生发明灯泡的短文，在空白处填入适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Thomas Edison was a great American  56 (invent). He is well‑known for inventing the practical light bulb. At first, he could not make the bulb burn for a long time. “What  57  useful tool the light bulb will be!” he thought. He realized success depends  58  continuous experiments. The bulb would bring many  59 (benefit) to ordinary people.  60 (personal), he believed hard work mattered more than luck. He kept trying thousands of materials. Finally, his bulb worked perfectly. His story shows great inventions come from constant efforts. 第三节 书面表达（20分） 假定你是李华，你校英文报“Teen Post”专栏正在征文，主题为“A useful invention in my life”。请你结合实际，根据思维导图的提示，用英语写一篇短文投稿。 注意： 1．词数80左右(短文标题及开头已给出，不计入总词数); 2．要点齐全，可适当发挥; 3．条理清晰，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范; 4．文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。 A useful invention in my life Many inventions make our lives better ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第3页（共8页） 试题 第4页（共8页） 试题 第1页（共8页） 试题 第2页（共8页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年八年级上册英语单元自测（广州专用） Unit 4 Inventions 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：100分钟，满分：110分） 一、语言知识运用（共两节, 满分25分） 第一节 语法选择（本题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。 Inventions are everywhere around us. They play 1 important role in human progress. From simple tools to high-tech machines, inventions change the world little by little. Thousands of years ago, people lived a hard life. They had no modern tools 2 life easier. They walked on foot, used simple stone tools and spent lots of time doing heavy work. Life was slow and difficult. But some clever people kept thinking and 3 . They wanted to solve problems in life and make people’s life better. Little by little, many useful things 4 . The wheel, the telephone, the computer and other great inventions came out. Today, new inventions come out every year. They make our study and work 5 . We can talk with people far away in seconds and get information quickly. 6 new inventions also bring some problems, such as pollution. As students, we should learn from inventors. Most inventors never give up 7 they meet difficulties. They are creative and patient. We need to keep our eyes open 8 small problems in life. Maybe we can create new things one day. Inventions are the fruit of wisdom. 9 we use inventions properly, they will serve us well and make the world 10 . 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．make B．making C．to make D．made 3．A．try B．trying C．tried D．tries 4．A．invent B．invented C．were invented D．are invented 5．A．easy B．easier C．easiest D．easily 6．A．And B．But C．So D．Or 7．A．when B．before C．until D．though 8．A．in B．on C．to D．for 9．A．If B．Unless C．Though D．Because 10．A．most beautiful B．more beautiful C．beautifully D．beauty 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文介绍了发明在人类进步中的重要作用，从古代到现代，发明不断涌现并改变世界，同时也带来一些负面影响，最后鼓励学生向发明家学习，并明智地利用发明。 【详解】1．句意：它们在人类进步中扮演着重要角色。 固定搭配“play an important role”中，“important”以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词“an”。a用于辅音音素前，the表示特指。 2．句意：他们没有现代工具来使生活更容易。 不定式作目的状语，表示“用来做某事”，结构为“tools to make life easier”。make为动词原形，不能作目的状语；making为现在分词，不表示目的；made为过去式，均不符合。 3．句意：但一些聪明的人不断思考和尝试。   固定搭配“keep doing sth.”表示“一直做某事”，and连接并列结构，所以要用动名词“trying”。try为原形，不能用于keep后；tried为过去式；tries为第三人称单数，均不符合语法。 4．句意：渐渐地，许多有用的东西被发明了。 主语“many useful things”与动词“invent”之间为被动关系，且描述过去发生的事实，应用一般过去时的被动语态“were invented”。invent为原形；invented为主动语态；are invented为一般现在时被动，时态不符。 5．句意：它们使我们的学习和工作更容易。 “make + 宾语 + 形容词比较级”表示“使……更……”，与过去相比，发明使学习工作“更容易”，故填easier。easy为原级，不表示比较；easiest为最高级，需有比较范围；easily为副词，不能作宾语补足语。 6．句意：但是新发明也带来一些问题，比如污染。 前文讲发明带来的好处，后文讲带来的问题，前后为转折关系，故填But。And表并列；So表因果；Or表选择，均不符合。 7．句意：大多数发明家在遇到困难时从不放弃。 “when”引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，符合“遇到困难时也不放弃”的语境。before“在……之前”与“从不放弃”逻辑矛盾；until“直到”通常与否定词连用表示“直到……才”；though“虽然”表让步，但此处更强调时间条件而非让步。 8．句意：我们需要对生活中的小问题保持警觉。 “keep our eyes open for”为固定搭配，意为“对……保持警觉/留意”，表示“关注、寻找”小问题。in“在……里”、on“在……上”、to“朝……”，均不构成此搭配。 9．句意：如果我们正确使用发明，它们会很好地为我们服务并让世界变得更美丽。 前后为条件关系，表示“如果……就……”，用If引导条件状语从句。Unless表示“除非”，语义相反；Though表示“虽然”，表让步；Because表示“因为”，表原因，均不符合逻辑。 10．句意：如果我们正确使用发明，它们会很好地为我们服务并让世界变得更美丽。 此处含比较之意，“make+宾语+形容词比较级”，表示“使世界更美丽”，故填more beautiful。most beautiful为最高级；beautifully为副词，不能作宾补；beauty为名词，均不符合“make +宾语+形容词”结构。 第二节 完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 The steam engine changed the world forever. It was first invented by Thomas Newcomen in 1712. Newcomen’s engine used a piston, cylinder and boiler to help people mine for coal at greater 11 . It was the very first steam engine, but it was not very 12 . Later, James Watt improved Newcomen’s design. He added wheels and cogs to the engine, which made it more powerful. Watt’s engine could be used in many more 13 , such as trains, ships and factories. It played a huge role in the Industrial Revolution. People often think Watt invented the steam engine, but he only improved the 14 design. He even created the term “horsepower” to describe how 15 his engine was. The unit of power called the “watt” is named after him. The steam engine shows how inventions can 16 over time. Newcomen’s idea was good, but Watt’s improvements made it useful for the whole world. Without the steam engine, the Industrial Revolution might not have happened, and the world would be a very 17 place today. Inventions like movable type and the steam engine have had a huge 18 on human history. They made knowledge spread faster, work easier, and travel farther. Every great invention starts with a simple idea, but with hard work and 19 , it can change the world. That’s why it’s important to keep asking questions and 20 new things. 11．A．depths B．heights C．speeds D．times 12．A．weak B．powerful C．slow D．big 13．A．places B．ways C．people D．problems 14．A．new B．old C．original D．modern 15．A．weak B．strong C．heavy D．light 16．A．improve B．stop C．disappear D．stay 17．A．same B．different C．easy D．busy 18．A．impact B．problem C．question D．rule 19．A．luck B．money C．improvement D．time 20．A．invent B．inventing C．to invent D．invented 【答案】 11．A 12．B 13．B 14．C 15．B 16．A 17．B 18．A 19．C 20．B 【导语】本文介绍了蒸汽机的发明和改进过程，说明了纽科门的原始设计以及瓦特对其改进的重要性，并阐述了发明创造对人类历史的深远影响。 【详解】11．句意：纽科门的发动机使用活塞、汽缸和锅炉帮助人们在更大的深度开采煤炭。 开采煤矿时，矿井讲究深度。depths意为“深度”，符合煤矿开采的语境。heights“高度”、speeds“速度”、times“时代”，均不符合。 12．句意：这是第一台蒸汽机，但它并不非常强大。 后文提到瓦特改良了机器，反向说明初代机器并不非常强大。句中已经有否定词not，powerful意为“强大的”，符合语境。weak“弱的”、slow“慢的”、big“大的”，均不准确。 13．句意：瓦特的发动机可以应用于更多方面，如火车、轮船和工厂。 后文提到火车、轮船、工厂，这些都是不同领域的应用方式。in many more ways“在更多方面”，符合语境。people“人们”、problems“问题”，均不符合。places表示“地方”，火车和轮船不属于这个范畴，所以排除。 14．句意：人们常认为瓦特发明了蒸汽机，但他只是改进了原始的设计。 前文说明纽科门最先造出蒸汽机，瓦特是改良者，original design意为“原始设计”，指纽科门的设计。new“新的”、old“旧的”、modern“现代的”，均不准确。 15．句意：他创造了“马力”这个词来描述他的引擎有多强大。 horsepower表示“马力”，用来形容动力强劲。strong意为“强大的”，符合描述引擎力量的语境。weak“弱的”、heavy“重的”、light“轻的”，均不符合。 16．句意：蒸汽机展示了发明如何随时间改进。 全文主线：纽科门初代机器→瓦特改良，全程讲发明的升级改进。improve意为“改善”，符合主题。stop“停止”、disappear“消失”、stay“停留”，均不符合。 17．句意：如果没有蒸汽机，工业革命或许不会发生，如今的世界会是截然不同的模样。 蒸汽机改变世界，没有它世界会完全不一样。different意为“不同的”，符合假设情况下的对比。same“相同的”、easy“容易的”、busy“忙碌的”，均不符合。 18．句意：活字印刷、蒸汽机这类发明对人类历史产生了巨大影响。 句子强调发明对人类历史的影响。impact意为“影响”，符合搭配。problem“问题”、question“问题”、rule“规则”，均不符合。 19．句意：每一项伟大发明都始于简单的想法，但依靠努力钻研与改良完善，才能改变世界。 上文提到瓦特改良蒸汽机，所以此处强调“改良”，improvement意为“改进”，符合发明发展的过程。luck“运气”、money“金钱”、time“时间”，均不符合。 20．句意：这就是不断提问、发明新事物十分重要的原因。 inventing意为“发明”，与“asking questions”并列，作keep的宾语。 二、阅读 (共两节，满分35分) 第1节 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从21-35各题所给的A、B、C、D项中，选出最佳选项。 A As one of China’s most famous inventions, papermaking is a great treasure of ancient civilization, which greatly changed human life. Before its creation, people depended on heavy bamboo slips, expensive silk, or hard animal bones to record information. These materials were either hard to carry or too costly, making it difficult for people to share knowledge widely. The earliest paper dates back to the Western Han Dynasty. It was made from simple plant materials like hemp and rags (麻类和破布), but the quality was not good enough for daily use. This invention slowly developed, and people kept trying to find better ways to make paper. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun made a major improvement in papermaking. He used common and easy-to-get materials such as bark, straw, and old fishing nets. This change made paper cheaper and more practical. Soon, paper became popular among people, greatly pushing the development of education and culture. Papermaking later spread to other countries through trade and cultural exchange. It first reached Asian countries, then spread to Europe, and finally to all parts of the world. Even today, paper remains an important part of our daily life, from books to documents. This ancient Chinese invention still shows its lasting value in connecting people and spreading knowledge. 21．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By making a comparison. C．By giving an opinion. D．By offering a suggestion. 22．The passage is mainly written in the order of ________. A．ideas B．time C．places D．persons 23．What was the problem with the earliest paper in the Western Han Dynasty? A．It was too heavy to carry. B．It was made from expensive materials. C．It could not record information clearly. D．Its quality was not suitable for daily use. 24．Why did Cai Lun’s improvement make paper popular? A．He used rare and valuable materials. B．It made paper more expensive but better. C．It made paper cheaper and more practical. D．He was a famous inventor in the Eastern Han Dynasty. 25．Which of the following is true about the last paragraph? A．Papermaking spread to Europe first. B．Papermaking only spread within Asia. C．Paper is no longer used in modern life. D．Trade helped papermaking spread globally. 【答案】21．B 22．B 23．D 24．C 25．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国四大发明之一——造纸术的发展历史及其对世界的深远影响。 【详解】21．文章开头先点明造纸术是中国古代的伟大发明，接着用“Before its creation, people depended on heavy bamboo slips, expensive silk, or hard animal bones…”与后来轻便、便宜的纸张形成对比，突出造纸术带来的巨大改变，因此是通过对比来引入主题的。 22．梳理全文线索，文中依次出现“Before its creation（纸发明前）”“Western Han Dynasty（西汉）”“Eastern Han Dynasty（东汉）”“later spread to other countries（之后传播到其他国家）”“Even today（如今）”等时间节点，是按照时间顺序展开叙述的。 23．由第二段“the quality was not good enough for daily use”可知，西汉早期纸张的质量不足以用于日常使用。 24．由第三段“This change made paper cheaper and more practical”可知，蔡伦的改进使纸张更便宜、更实用，从而普及。 25．由最后一段“Papermaking later spread to other countries through trade and cultural exchange”可知，贸易帮助造纸术传播到全球，选D。A项错误，由“It first reached Asian countries, then spread to Europe”可知，造纸术首先传到亚洲国家，然后才传到欧洲；B项错误，由“then spread to Europe, and finally to all parts of the world”可知，造纸术传播到了欧洲和世界各地，不仅限于亚洲；C项错误，由“Even today, paper remains an important part of our daily life”可知，纸张至今仍在日常生活中发挥着重要作用。 B Guillermo González Camarena, a Mexican inventor, was born in 1917. As a child, he loved building things. He made electric toys when he was young. By age 12, he had built a radio with spare parts. At 13, he began studying engineering. He was interested in a new technology of his time: television. Television works by sending pictures and sound to a screen using electrical signals. The first moving images were sent to TVs in the 1920s. Few people had TVs then, but many knew TV would be an important way to learn about the world. Early televisions had many limitations. They could only show black-and-white images, not color ones. Because of this, many inventors worked to solve these problems. González Camarena was one of the first with a solution. In 1940, he made a “tri-chromatic” (three-color) device, which used three colors: red, blue, and green. When it was connected to a black-and-white TV, people could see color images. The invention was a huge success. But the device was very expensive to make. He wanted everyone to have color TV, so he kept on working to make it cost less. By the early 1960s, he invented a cheaper way to show color on TV. He called it the “Simplified Bi-color System (SBCS).” It cost much less to produce. Starting in 1965, many SBCS TVs were made and sold in Mexico. González Camarena also believed that TV was important to educate children. His ideas helped create Mexico’s first educational TV network, “Telesecundaria,” which is still used today. Guillermo González Camarena passed away on April 18, 1965. Today, he is remembered as one of Mexico’s greatest inventors. 26．Why did González Camarena invent a tri-chromatic device? A．TVs were not perfect to send sound. B．TVs didn’t help educate children then. C．TVs were too expensive for people to own. D．TVs could only show black-and-white images. 27．What does the underlined word “limitations” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Special programs. B．Weak points. C．Unclear images. D．Loud sounds. 28．What was González Camarena’s view on television? A．It should help create TV network. B．Rich people should make it cheaper. C．It should be widely used and educational. D．There was no need to improve its technology. 29．What do you think of González Camarena according to the passage? A．A creative and caring inventor. B．A clever and friendly educator. C．A grateful and curious inventor. D．A smart and successful educator. 30．Where can we probably find this article? A．Great Inventors in History B．How Network Works C．Television User Guide D．The History of Television 【答案】26．D 27．B 28．C 29．A 30．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍墨西哥发明家Guillermo González Camarena的成长经历，讲述他不断钻研，发明色彩显示设备推动彩色电视发展，还助力打造墨西哥教育电视网络的故事。 【详解】26．根据第三段“Early televisions had many limitations. They could only show black-and-white images, not color ones. Because of this, many inventors worked to solve these problems.”以及第四段“González Camarena was one of the first with a solution.”可知，早期电视只能显示黑白图像，这是主要局限，Camarena发明三色装置是为了解决这个问题。 27．根据第三段划线词后的句子“They could only show black-and-white images, not color ones.”可知，这是在说明早期电视的不足之处。因此“limitations”意为“局限性”或“缺点”，与Weak points意思相近。 28．根据第五段“He wanted everyone to have color TV”可知他希望电视被广泛使用；根据第七段“González Camarena also believed that TV was important to educate children.”可知他认为电视应具有教育意义。综合可知他认为电视应被广泛使用且具有教育性。 29．通读全文可知，Camarena发明了彩色电视装置，体现了他的创造性（creative）；他希望每个人都能拥有彩色电视并重视儿童教育，体现了他的关怀之心（caring）；文章最后提到他被视为伟大的发明家（inventor）。 30．本文主要介绍了墨西哥发明家Guillermo González Camarena的生平、发明成就及其理念，属于人物传记类文章。因此最可能出现在“历史上的伟大发明家”（Great Inventors in History）这类栏目或书籍中。 C Future Inventors Science Fair Discover amazing inventions at our science fair! See robots with shiny solar panels on their backs—these special parts catch sunlight to provide power. Watch how they use sensors (传感器) to feel movements and shake hands! There are also some interesting activities at the fair. Let’s have a look! – Hands-on (亲身实践的) fun activities: · Learn to fix simple robot problems at Tech Help Area. · Download free 3-D designs to create your own toys. · Learn to invent useful tools for health care. Weekend special offers (this Saturday only): ·The first 50 children: Free 3-D-printed animal key chain (钥匙扣)! ·Visitors under 12:All activities cost half price! Meet young inventors: Lena, age 13, invented special hooks. “I came up with the idea to help my grandfather hold his coffee cup,” she says. “Remember: when you lend a hand to others, you might hit on success!” Plan your visit: · Opening times: 9 am–5 pm (25 November–5 December) · Place: City Science Centre, 25 Green Street For more information, please click here: www.futureinventorsfair.com. 31．What does the underlined phrase “solar panels” mean in the passage? A． B． C． D． 32．How do robots feel movements? A．By using special sensors. B．By shaking hands. C．By using solar power. D．By downloading 3-D designs. 33．What can visitors do at Tech Help Area? A．Buy artificial arms. B．Weigh robotic parts. C．Meet sick people. D．Learn to fix robot problems. 34．Who can get a free animal key chain at the fair? A．All teachers. B．Children under 12. C．The first 50 children. D．Health care workers. 35．Where might this passage come from? A．A storybook. B．A science website. C．A newspaper. D．A film magazine. 【答案】31．B 32．A 33．D 34．C 35．B 【导语】本文是一则 “未来发明家科学展”活动宣传，介绍展会展品机器人、多样实践活动、周六专属优惠、少年发明家故事，同时给出开展时间、地点与查询网址，邀请大家前来参观体验。 【详解】31．根据第一段第二句“See robots with shiny solar panels on their backs—these special parts catch sunlight to provide power.”，these special parts指代solar panels，其特点是“捕捉阳光以提供能源”，由此可推测solar panels意为“太阳能板”，对应B图片。 32．根据第一段“Watch how they use sensors to feel movements and shake hands!”可知，机器人“通过使用传感器”来感知动作。 33．根据“Hands-on fun activities”部分第一条“Learn to fix simple robot problems at Tech Help Area.”可知，可以在Tech Help Area学习修理简单的机器人问题。 34．根据“Weekend special offers (this Saturday only)”部分第一条“The first 50 children: Free 3-D-printed animal key chain!”可知，前50名儿童可以获得免费的动物钥匙扣。 35．文章介绍了科学展的机器人、活动、优惠和发明者，最后附有网站链接“www.futureinventorsfair.com”，属于科技活动宣传，最可能来自“科学网站”。 第二节 阅读填空（共5小题， 每小题1分，共5分） 根据短文内容，将下面方框内的选项还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺，每个选项只能用一次，其中有一个选项是多余的。 Most of us think the telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. 36 In fact, an Italian named Antonio Meucci was officially recognized (认定) as the inventor a few years ago. Meucci was born in 1808. During his studies, Meucci started to experiment with electricity. 37 When two places were connected with wires (金属丝), people could hear each other talk. In 1850, Meucci and his wife moved to New York. Meucci was worried about his wife, because she had become very ill. 38 To solve this problem, he connected wires between his home and workshop. This way, they could talk to each other easily. Meucci invited some people to see his new invention. They listened in amazement as the voice of a singer was heard through the wires. 39 Even worse, he didn’t apply for a patent (专利) on his invention. At the same time, Bell was working on the same idea and he got the patent for the telephone in 1876. In 2002, more than a century after Meucci’s death, his work was finally recognized by the government. 40 A．He soon discovered that sound could travel through wires. B．However, he wasn’t the first person to think of the idea. C．Unluckily, Meucci was too poor to develop his invention further. D．Now he is famous around the world as the telephone’s inventor. E．He needed to keep in touch with her at all times. F．Meucci also invented many other useful machines. 【答案】36．B 37．A 38．E 39．C 40．D 【导语】本文主要介绍电话的最初发明者是Antonio Meucci，他的贡献多年后获官方认可。 【详解】36．根据“Most of us think the telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.”与“In fact, an Italian named Antonio Meucci was officially recognized (认定) as the inventor a few years ago.”结合备选选项可知，空格前后两句表示转折，因此B项“然而，他并不是第一个想到这个想法的人。”符合语境。故选B。 37．根据“When two places were connected with wires (金属丝), people could hear each other talk.”结合备选选项可知，此处应介绍声音如何传播，因此A项“他很快发现声音可以通过金属丝传播。”符合语境。故选A。 38．根据“In 1850, Meucci and his wife moved to New York. Meucci was worried about his wife, because she had become very ill.”结合备选选项可知，此处应说的是关于Meucci和他的妻子，因此E项“他需要随时和她保持联系。”符合语境。故选E。 39．根据前文“Meucci invited some people to see his new invention. They listened in amazement as the voice of a singer was heard through the wires.”和后文“Even worse, he didn’t apply for a patent on his invention.”可知，此处应是发明后续发展的阻碍。因此C项“不幸的是，Meucci太穷了，无法进一步研发他的发明。”符合语境。故选C。 40．根据前文“In 2002, more than a century after Meucci’s death, his work was finally recognized by the government.”结合备选选项可知，此处应介绍Meucci的影响，因此D项“他现在将作为电话的发明者而闻名于世。”符合语境。故选D。 三、项目情景(共两节,满分20分) 第一节 配对阅读(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分) Read the following information about some inventions. Please choose the proper invention for the 5 people according to their wishes: 41 Emily hopes to play the piano well. She wants to join in the school talent show this year. 42 Kate would like to have a very tiny computer which allows her to surf the Internet while she is cycling. 43 Lucas is a pet lover and is eager to keep a pet. But his mother doesn’t allow him to have a real one at home. 44 Mary is going to compete in the 100-meter race. She hopes that her shoelaces won’t get loose during the race. 45 James’s father is always busy delivering heavy parcels to people. He wants to invent something to help his father. A．Fast Helpers are robots that can do some hard work for you. They can carry more than 20kg each time. B．The Fantastic Cooker is a cooking robot. It can save you time and ensure that your dishes turn out perfectly every time. C． Magic Glasses are like a small computer. While wearing this kind of glasses, you can surf the Internet anywhere, anytime. D．Button Shoes can tie their shoelaces automatically. Just press the button on the top of the shoe, and the shoelace will stay tight. E. Magic Hands are gloves that help you play a musical instrument. Put them on, and they will help to move your fingers to play beautiful music. F. My Pet is an interesting phone app. It can turn your phone screen into the cartoon face of a cat or a dog. You can feed it and talk with it by touching the screen. 【答案】41．E 42．C 43．F 44．D 45．A 【导语】本文是根据几个人的需求匹配合适的发明。 【详解】41．根据“Emily hopes to play the piano well. She wants to join in the school talent show this year.”可知，Emily希望弹好钢琴，选项E“魔术手是帮助你演奏乐器的手套。戴上它们，它们会帮助你的手指移动，演奏出美妙的音乐。”与之匹配。故选E。 42．根据“Kate would like to have a very tiny computer which allows her to surf the Internet while she is cycling.”可知，Kate需要骑行时上网的微型电脑，选项C“魔法眼镜就像一台小型电脑。戴上这种眼镜，你可以随时随地上网。”与之匹配。故选C。 43．根据“Lucas is a pet lover and is eager to keep a pet. But his mother doesn’t allow him to have a real one at home.”可知，Lucas因母亲反对无法养真宠物，选项F“我的宠物是一个有趣的手机应用程序。它可以把你的手机屏幕变成一只猫或一只狗的卡通脸。你可以通过触摸屏幕来喂它，和它说话。”与之匹配。故选F。 44．根据“Mary is going to compete in the 100-meter race. She hopes that her shoelaces won’t get loose during the race.”可知，Mary担心比赛时鞋带松散，选项D“纽扣鞋可以自动系鞋带。只要按一下鞋上面的按钮，鞋带就会系紧。”与之匹配。故选D。 45．根据“James’s father is always busy delivering heavy parcels to people. He wants to invent something to help his father.”可知，James想帮父亲搬运重包裹。选项A“快速助手是可以为你做一些艰苦工作的机器人。它们每次可以携带超过20公斤的物品。”与之匹配。故选A。 第二节 任务型阅读(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分) 阅读短文，然后根据内容回答所提问题。 Bi Sheng was born in Song Dynasty. He lived in a small village which lies in Huanggang today. He invented the printing around 1041-1048 AD(公元). He was the world’s first inventor of the printing. It is about 400 years earlier than the printing in Germany. The printing is also called the movable type printing (活字印刷). But how did it work in the past? First of all, the clay was made into movable types. Then words were engraved (雕刻) carefully onto the types. After that, the words were chosen and put in right order in a box according to the text. Next, the workers brushed ink onto the movable types. Finally the types could be used for printing. They could be used again and again for different books. The movable type printing plays an important role in Chinese culture. With the help of it, Chinese culture spread around the world more quickly. At the same time, the movable type printing was widely used in the world at that time. As a result, more and more culture communication among countries took place. The movable type printing, the compass (指南针), gunpowder and the paper-making are called four great inventions of China. They make China own an important and even top position in the history of human civilization (文明). 46．Who was the first inventor of the printing in the world? 47．When was the movable type printing invented? 48．How many steps were there in the movable type printing? 49．What are the four great inventions besides the movable type printing? 50．Is the movable type printing important in Chinese culture? 【答案】46．Bi Sheng. 47．Around 1041‑1048 AD. 48．Five. 49．The compass, gunpowder and the paper-making. 50．Yes, it is. 【导语】本文主要介绍了活字印刷术，及其对中国文化传播的重要性。 【详解】46．根据第一段中“He was the world’s first inventor of the printing.”可知，毕昇是世界上第一个发明印刷术的人。故填Bi Sheng. 47．根据第一段中“He invented the printing around 1041-1048 AD(公元).”可知，毕昇在公元1041-1048 年左右发明了活字印刷术。故填Around 1041-1048 AD. 48．根据第三段中“First of all, the clay was made into movable types. Then words were engraved carefully onto the types. After that, the words were chosen and put in right order in a box according to the text. Next, the workers brushed ink onto the movable types. Finally the types could be used for printing.”可知，活字印刷术的步骤有五步。故填Five. 49．根据最后一段中“The movable type printing, the compass, gunpowder and the paper-making are called four great inventions of China.”可知，活字印刷术、指南针、火药和造纸术被称为中国的四大发明。故填The compass, gunpowder and the paper-making. 50．根据第四段中“The movable type printing plays an important role in Chinese culture.”可知，活字印刷术在中国文化中起着重要的作用。故填Yes, it is. 四、写作（共三节,满分30分） 第一节 语篇填词(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分) 请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词(每空限填一词) Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook’s inventor, showed his t 51 in programming when he was very young. To encourage him, his father p 52 to support his interest and bought him a computer as a gift. With it, Zuckerberg even created a smart music app. The app was designed to r 53 users’ data like how often they played a song, so it could give good suggestions. A 54 the early version had some small issues, it soon ran s 55 and became popular among its users. Looking back on his journey, Zuckerberg was completely certain that trusting his own judgment was the key to his success. 【答案】51．talent 52．promised 53．record 54．Although 55．smoothly 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了脸书发明者马克·扎克伯格在很小的时候就展现出编程天赋，他的父亲鼓励他，承诺支持他的兴趣并给他买了电脑作为礼物，他用电脑创建了一个智能音乐应用程序，尽管早期版本有一些小问题，但很快运行顺利并受到用户欢迎，回顾自己的历程，扎克伯格坚信相信自己的判断是成功的关键。 【详解】51．句意：脸书的发明者马克·扎克伯格在很小的时候就展示出了他在编程方面的天赋。根据“With it, Zuckerberg even created a smart music app.”可知，他用电脑创建了一个智能音乐应用程序，说明他在编程方面有天赋，show one’s talent“展示某人的天赋”，talent“天赋”，名词，故填talent。 52．句意：为了鼓励他，他的父亲承诺支持他的兴趣并给他买了一台电脑作为礼物。根据“To encourage him”可知，为了鼓励他，他的父亲应该是承诺支持他的兴趣，promise“承诺”，动词，根据“bought”可知，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填promised。 53．句意：这个应用程序旨在记录用户的数据，比如他们播放一首歌曲的频率，以便它能给出好的建议。根据“users’ data like how often they played a song”可知，应用程序应该是记录用户的数据，record“记录”，动词，be designed to do sth“旨在做某事”，故填record。 54．句意：尽管早期版本有一些小问题，但它很快运行顺利并受到用户的欢迎。根据“the early version had some small issues…it soon ran…and became popular among its users.”可知，前后是转折关系，结合首字母，应用although“尽管”引导让步状语从句，故填Although。 55．句意：尽管早期版本有一些小问题，但它很快运行顺利并受到用户的欢迎。根据“became popular among its users.”可知，应用程序受到用户的欢迎，说明它运行顺利，smoothly“顺利地”，副词修饰动词ran，故填smoothly。 第二节 语法填空(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分) Directions：阅读下面关于爱迪生发明灯泡的短文，在空白处填入适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Thomas Edison was a great American  56 (invent). He is well‑known for inventing the practical light bulb. At first, he could not make the bulb burn for a long time. “What  57  useful tool the light bulb will be!” he thought. He realized success depends  58  continuous experiments. The bulb would bring many  59 (benefit) to ordinary people.  60 (personal), he believed hard work mattered more than luck. He kept trying thousands of materials. Finally, his bulb worked perfectly. His story shows great inventions come from constant efforts. 【答案】56.inventor 57.a 58.on 59.benefits 60.Personally 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述爱迪生研发实用灯泡的经历，告诉我们伟大发明离不开坚持不懈的努力。 56.句意：托马斯・爱迪生是一位伟大的美国发明家。 解析：括号给出动词 invent（发明）。本句主语是人，不定冠词a great American后面需要接表示身份的名词，表达 “发明家”。动词 invent 对应的指人名词为 inventor。 57.句意：灯泡将会是多么有用的工具啊！ 解析：本句是what引导的感叹句，核心结构：What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 (+ 主语 + 谓语)!。本句中tool是可数名词单数；形容词useful读音 /ˈjuːsfl/，发音以辅音音素 /j/ 开头，因此选用不定冠词 a。 58.句意：他意识到成功取决于一次次的实验。 解析：本题无提示词，考查固定短语搭配。动词depend后接介词on构成固定词组 depend on，含义为 “依靠；取决于”，是高频固定搭配，介词 on 不可替换。 59.句意：灯泡将会给普通人带来诸多益处。 解析：括号给出名词benefit（益处，好处）。空格前有限定词many，many后面必须接可数名词的复数形式；benefit 的复数变化为规则变化，直接在词尾加‑s，变为benefits。 60.句意：就他个人而言，他相信努力比运气更重要。 解析：括号给出形容词personal（个人的）。本空格位于句首，用逗号隔开，用来修饰后面整个句子，属于评注性状语，需要使用副词形式。personal的副词形式是personally；置于句首，首字母必须大写，填Personally。 第三节 书面表达（20分） 假定你是李华，你校英文报“Teen Post”专栏正在征文，主题为“A useful invention in my life”。请你结合实际，根据思维导图的提示，用英语写一篇短文投稿。 注意： 1．词数80左右(短文标题及开头已给出，不计入总词数); 2．要点齐全，可适当发挥; 3．条理清晰，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范; 4．文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。 A useful invention in my life Many inventions make our lives better ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 A useful invention in my life Many inventions make our lives better, and the smartphone is the most useful one for me. In my daily life, I depend on it a lot. Not only do I search for learning materials for my subjects, but I also take online classes as soon as the teacher starts broadcasting. When going out, I can scan QR codes to pay for meals. Besides, it lets me keep in touch with my friends far away. It really saves me plenty of time. I think the smartphone is a great invention because it makes our life more convenient and efficient. However, we should use it wisely and avoid spending too much time on games so that it can serve our study and life well. [总体分析] ①题材：材料作文（投稿征文） ②时态：主体一般现在时；增加让步补充，贴合学生现实思考 ③提示：覆盖三大要点：what it is（是什么发明）；how you use it（使用场景）；your opinion（个人看法），词数 90 左右，要点齐全，适度拓展，不出现真实个人信息。 [写作步骤] 第一步：引出主题，点明智能手机是对自己最有用的发明。 第二步：拓展使用场景。保留原有查资料、上网课、扫码支付；新增和远方朋友联系，丰富生活实例。 第三步：发表观点。在肯定优点的基础上增加辩证思考：不要沉迷游戏，要合理使用，思想立意升级。 [亮点词汇] ①depend on 依靠 ②plenty of time 大量时间 ③keep in touch with 与…… 保持联系 ④convenient and efficient 方便高效 ⑤avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 [高分句型] ①Not only do I search for learning materials for my subjects, but I also take online classes as soon as the teacher starts broadcasting. 解析：Not only… but also… 部分倒装句型；嵌套as soon as时间状语从句，八年级拔高句型。 ②When going out, I can scan QR codes to pay for meals. 解析：状语从句省略结构，相当于When I am going out，简化句式。 ③I think the smartphone is a great invention because it makes our life more convenient and efficient. 解析：think引导宾语从句，内部嵌套because原因状语从句。 ④…we should use it wisely and avoid spending too much time on games so that it can serve our study and life well. 解析：so that引导目的状语从句，表达 “为了……”，提升句式丰富度，增加辩证思考。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年八年级上册英语单元自测（广州专用） Unit 4 Inventions ·参考答案 （时间：100分钟，满分：110分） 一、语言知识运用（共两节, 满分25分） 第一节 语法选择（本题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．A 10．B 第二节 完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 11．A 12．B 13．B 14．C 15．B 16．A 17．B 18．A 19．C 20．B 二、阅读 (共两节，满分35分) 第1节 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 21．B 22．B 23．D 24．C 25．D 26．D 27．B 28．C 29．A 30．A 31．B 32．A 33．D 34．C 35．B 第二节 阅读填空（共5小题， 每小题1分，共5分） 36．B 37．A 38．E 39．C 40．D 三、项目情景(共两节,满分20分) 41．E 42．C 43．F 44．D 45．A 第二节 任务型阅读(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分) 46．Bi Sheng. 47．Around 1041‑1048 AD. 48．Five. 49．The compass, gunpowder and the paper-making. 50．Yes, it is. 四、写作（共三节,满分30分） 第一节 语篇填词(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分) 【答案】51．talent 52．promised 53．record 54．Although 55．smoothly 第二节 语法填空(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分) 56.inventor 57.a 58.on 59.benefits 60.Personally 第三节 书面表达（20分） A useful invention in my life Many inventions make our lives better, and the smartphone is the most useful one for me. In my daily life, I depend on it a lot. Not only do I search for learning materials for my subjects, but I also take online classes as soon as the teacher starts broadcasting. When going out, I can scan QR codes to pay for meals. Besides, it lets me keep in touch with my friends far away. It really saves me plenty of time. I think the smartphone is a great invention because it makes our life more convenient and efficient. However, we should use it wisely and avoid spending too much time on games so that it can serve our study and life well. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年八年级上册英语单元自测（广州专用） Unit 4 Inventions 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：100分钟，满分：110分） 一、语言知识运用（共两节, 满分25分） 第一节 语法选择（本题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。 Inventions are everywhere around us. They play 1 important role in human progress. From simple tools to high-tech machines, inventions change the world little by little. Thousands of years ago, people lived a hard life. They had no modern tools 2 life easier. They walked on foot, used simple stone tools and spent lots of time doing heavy work. Life was slow and difficult. But some clever people kept thinking and 3 . They wanted to solve problems in life and make people’s life better. Little by little, many useful things 4 .The wheel, the telephone, the computer and other great inventions came out. Today, new inventions come out every year. They make our study and work 5 . We can talk with people far away in seconds and get information quickly. 6 new inventions also bring some problems, such as pollution. As students, we should learn from inventors. Most inventors never give up 7 they meet difficulties. They are creative and patient. We need to keep our eyes open 8 small problems in life. Maybe we can create new things one day. Inventions are the fruit of wisdom. 9 we use inventions properly, they will serve us well and make the world 10 . 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．make B．making C．to make D．made 3．A．try B．trying C．tried D．tries 4．A．invent B．invented C．were invented D．are invented 5．A．easy B．easier C．easiest D．easily 6．A．And B．But C．So D．Or 7．A．when B．before C．until D．though 8．A．in B．on C．to D．for 9．A．If B．Unless C．Though D．Because 10．A．most beautiful B．more beautiful C．beautifully D．beauty 第二节 完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 The steam engine changed the world forever. It was first invented by Thomas Newcomen in 1712. Newcomen’s engine used a piston, cylinder and boiler to help people mine for coal at greater 11 . It was the very first steam engine, but it was not very 12 . Later, James Watt improved Newcomen’s design. He added wheels and cogs to the engine, which made it more powerful. Watt’s engine could be used in many more 13 , such as trains, ships and factories. It played a huge role in the Industrial Revolution. People often think Watt invented the steam engine, but he only improved the 14 design. He even created the term “horsepower” to describe how 15 his engine was. The unit of power called the “watt” is named after him. The steam engine shows how inventions can 16 over time. Newcomen’s idea was good, but Watt’s improvements made it useful for the whole world. Without the steam engine, the Industrial Revolution might not have happened, and the world would be a very 17 place today. Inventions like movable type and the steam engine have had a huge 18 on human history. They made knowledge spread faster, work easier, and travel farther. Every great invention starts with a simple idea, but with hard work and 19 , it can change the world. That’s why it’s important to keep asking questions and 20 new things. 11．A．depths B．heights C．speeds D．times 12．A．weak B．powerful C．slow D．big 13．A．places B．ways C．people D．problems 14．A．new B．old C．original D．modern 15．A．weak B．strong C．heavy D．light 16．A．improve B．stop C．disappear D．stay 17．A．same B．different C．easy D．busy 18．A．impact B．problem C．question D．rule 19．A．luck B．money C．improvement D．time 20．A．invent B．inventing C．to invent D．invented 二、阅读 (共两节，满分35分) 第1节 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从21-35各题所给的A、B、C、D项中，选出最佳选项。 A As one of China’s most famous inventions, papermaking is a great treasure of ancient civilization, which greatly changed human life. Before its creation, people depended on heavy bamboo slips, expensive silk, or hard animal bones to record information. These materials were either hard to carry or too costly, making it difficult for people to share knowledge widely. The earliest paper dates back to the Western Han Dynasty. It was made from simple plant materials like hemp and rags (麻类和破布), but the quality was not good enough for daily use. This invention slowly developed, and people kept trying to find better ways to make paper. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun made a major improvement in papermaking. He used common and easy-to-get materials such as bark, straw, and old fishing nets. This change made paper cheaper and more practical. Soon, paper became popular among people, greatly pushing the development of education and culture. Papermaking later spread to other countries through trade and cultural exchange. It first reached Asian countries, then spread to Europe, and finally to all parts of the world. Even today, paper remains an important part of our daily life, from books to documents. This ancient Chinese invention still shows its lasting value in connecting people and spreading knowledge. 21．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By making a comparison. C．By giving an opinion. D．By offering a suggestion. 22．The passage is mainly written in the order of ________. A．ideas B．time C．places D．persons 23．What was the problem with the earliest paper in the Western Han Dynasty? A．It was too heavy to carry. B．It was made from expensive materials. C．It could not record information clearly. D．Its quality was not suitable for daily use. 24．Why did Cai Lun’s improvement make paper popular? A．He used rare and valuable materials. B．It made paper more expensive but better. C．It made paper cheaper and more practical. D．He was a famous inventor in the Eastern Han Dynasty. 25．Which of the following is true about the last paragraph? A．Papermaking spread to Europe first. B．Papermaking only spread within Asia. C．Paper is no longer used in modern life. D．Trade helped papermaking spread globally. B Guillermo González Camarena, a Mexican inventor, was born in 1917. As a child, he loved building things. He made electric toys when he was young. By age 12, he had built a radio with spare parts. At 13, he began studying engineering. He was interested in a new technology of his time: television. Television works by sending pictures and sound to a screen using electrical signals. The first moving images were sent to TVs in the 1920s. Few people had TVs then, but many knew TV would be an important way to learn about the world. Early televisions had many limitations. They could only show black-and-white images, not color ones. Because of this, many inventors worked to solve these problems. González Camarena was one of the first with a solution. In 1940, he made a “tri-chromatic” (three-color) device, which used three colors: red, blue, and green. When it was connected to a black-and-white TV, people could see color images. The invention was a huge success. But the device was very expensive to make. He wanted everyone to have color TV, so he kept on working to make it cost less. By the early 1960s, he invented a cheaper way to show color on TV. He called it the “Simplified Bi-color System (SBCS).” It cost much less to produce. Starting in 1965, many SBCS TVs were made and sold in Mexico. González Camarena also believed that TV was important to educate children. His ideas helped create Mexico’s first educational TV network, “Telesecundaria,” which is still used today. Guillermo González Camarena passed away on April 18, 1965. Today, he is remembered as one of Mexico’s greatest inventors. 26．Why did González Camarena invent a tri-chromatic device? A．TVs were not perfect to send sound. B．TVs didn’t help educate children then. C．TVs were too expensive for people to own. D．TVs could only show black-and-white images. 27．What does the underlined word “limitations” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Special programs. B．Weak points. C．Unclear images. D．Loud sounds. 28．What was González Camarena’s view on television? A．It should help create TV network. B．Rich people should make it cheaper. C．It should be widely used and educational. D．There was no need to improve its technology. 29．What do you think of González Camarena according to the passage? A．A creative and caring inventor. B．A clever and friendly educator. C．A grateful and curious inventor. D．A smart and successful educator. 30．Where can we probably find this article? A．Great Inventors in History B．How Network Works C．Television User Guide D．The History of Television C Future Inventors Science Fair Discover amazing inventions at our science fair! See robots with shiny solar panels on their backs—these special parts catch sunlight to provide power. Watch how they use sensors (传感器) to feel movements and shake hands! There are also some interesting activities at the fair. Let’s have a look! – Hands-on (亲身实践的) fun activities: · Learn to fix simple robot problems at Tech Help Area. · Download free 3-D designs to create your own toys. · Learn to invent useful tools for health care. Weekend special offers (this Saturday only): ·The first 50 children: Free 3-D-printed animal key chain (钥匙扣)! ·Visitors under 12:All activities cost half price! Meet young inventors: Lena, age 13, invented special hooks. “I came up with the idea to help my grandfather hold his coffee cup,” she says. “Remember: when you lend a hand to others, you might hit on success!” Plan your visit: · Opening times: 9 am–5 pm (25 November–5 December) · Place: City Science Centre, 25 Green Street For more information, please click here: www.futureinventorsfair.com. 31．What does the underlined phrase “solar panels” mean in the passage? A． B． C． D． 32．How do robots feel movements? A．By using special sensors. B．By shaking hands. C．By using solar power. D．By downloading 3-D designs. 33．What can visitors do at Tech Help Area? A．Buy artificial arms. B．Weigh robotic parts. C．Meet sick people. D．Learn to fix robot problems. 34．Who can get a free animal key chain at the fair? A．All teachers. B．Children under 12. C．The first 50 children. D．Health care workers. 35．Where might this passage come from? A．A storybook. B．A science website. C．A newspaper. D．A film magazine. 第二节 阅读填空（共5小题， 每小题1分，共5分） 根据短文内容，将下面方框内的选项还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺，每个选项只能用一次，其中有一个选项是多余的。 Most of us think the telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. 36 In fact, an Italian named Antonio Meucci was officially recognized (认定) as the inventor a few years ago. Meucci was born in 1808. During his studies, Meucci started to experiment with electricity. 37 When two places were connected with wires (金属丝), people could hear each other talk. In 1850, Meucci and his wife moved to New York. Meucci was worried about his wife, because she had become very ill. 38 To solve this problem, he connected wires between his home and workshop. This way, they could talk to each other easily. Meucci invited some people to see his new invention. They listened in amazement as the voice of a singer was heard through the wires. 39 Even worse, he didn’t apply for a patent (专利) on his invention. At the same time, Bell was working on the same idea and he got the patent for the telephone in 1876. In 2002, more than a century after Meucci’s death, his work was finally recognized by the government. 40 A．He soon discovered that sound could travel through wires. B．However, he wasn’t the first person to think of the idea. C．Unluckily, Meucci was too poor to develop his invention further. D．Now he is famous around the world as the telephone’s inventor. E．He needed to keep in touch with her at all times. F．Meucci also invented many other useful machines. 三、项目情景(共两节,满分20分) 第一节 配对阅读(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分) Read the following information about some inventions. Please choose the proper invention for the 5 people according to their wishes: 41 Emily hopes to play the piano well. She wants to join in the school talent show this year. 42 Kate would like to have a very tiny computer which allows her to surf the Internet while she is cycling. 43 Lucas is a pet lover and is eager to keep a pet. But his mother doesn’t allow him to have a real one at home. 44 Mary is going to compete in the 100-meter race. She hopes that her shoelaces won’t get loose during the race. 45 James’s father is always busy delivering heavy parcels to people. He wants to invent something to help his father. A．Fast Helpers are robots that can do some hard work for you. They can carry more than 20kg each time. B．The Fantastic Cooker is a cooking robot. It can save you time and ensure that your dishes turn out perfectly every time. C． Magic Glasses are like a small computer. While wearing this kind of glasses, you can surf the Internet anywhere, anytime. D．Button Shoes can tie their shoelaces automatically. Just press the button on the top of the shoe, and the shoelace will stay tight. E. Magic Hands are gloves that help you play a musical instrument. Put them on, and they will help to move your fingers to play beautiful music. F. My Pet is an interesting phone app. It can turn your phone screen into the cartoon face of a cat or a dog. You can feed it and talk with it by touching the screen. 第二节 任务型阅读(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分) 阅读短文，然后根据内容回答所提问题。 Bi Sheng was born in Song Dynasty. He lived in a small village which lies in Huanggang today. He invented the printing around 1041-1048 AD(公元). He was the world’s first inventor of the printing. It is about 400 years earlier than the printing in Germany. The printing is also called the movable type printing (活字印刷). But how did it work in the past? First of all, the clay was made into movable types. Then words were engraved (雕刻) carefully onto the types. After that, the words were chosen and put in right order in a box according to the text. Next, the workers brushed ink onto the movable types. Finally the types could be used for printing. They could be used again and again for different books. The movable type printing plays an important role in Chinese culture. With the help of it, Chinese culture spread around the world more quickly. At the same time, the movable type printing was widely used in the world at that time. As a result, more and more culture communication among countries took place. The movable type printing, the compass (指南针), gunpowder and the paper-making are called four great inventions of China. They make China own an important and even top position in the history of human civilization (文明). 46．Who was the first inventor of the printing in the world? 47．When was the movable type printing invented? 48．How many steps were there in the movable type printing? 49．What are the four great inventions besides the movable type printing? 50．Is the movable type printing important in Chinese culture? 四、写作（共三节,满分30分） 第一节 语篇填词(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分) 请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词(每空限填一词) Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook’s inventor, showed his t 51 in programming when he was very young. To encourage him, his father p 52 to support his interest and bought him a computer as a gift. With it, Zuckerberg even created a smart music app. The app was designed to r 53 users’ data like how often they played a song, so it could give good suggestions. A 54 the early version had some small issues, it soon ran s 55 and became popular among its users. Looking back on his journey, Zuckerberg was completely certain that trusting his own judgment was the key to his success. 第二节 语法填空(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分) Directions：阅读下面关于爱迪生发明灯泡的短文，在空白处填入适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Thomas Edison was a great American  56 (invent). He is well‑known for inventing the practical light bulb. At first, he could not make the bulb burn for a long time. “What  57  useful tool the light bulb will be!” he thought. He realized success depends  58  continuous experiments. The bulb would bring many  59 (benefit) to ordinary people.  60 (personal), he believed hard work mattered more than luck. He kept trying thousands of materials. Finally, his bulb worked perfectly. His story shows great inventions come from constant efforts. 第三节 书面表达（20分） 假定你是李华，你校英文报“Teen Post”专栏正在征文，主题为“A useful invention in my life”。请你结合实际，根据思维导图的提示，用英语写一篇短文投稿。 注意： 1．词数80左右(短文标题及开头已给出，不计入总词数); 2．要点齐全，可适当发挥; 3．条理清晰，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范; 4．文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。 A useful invention in my life Many inventions make our lives better ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $