Unit 1 Look it up!（单元自测卷·广州专用）英语新教材沪教版八年级上册

**基本信息** 本试卷为广州专用八年级上册Unit 1 "Look it up"单元自测卷，以“查阅与探索”为主题，整合语法、阅读、写作模块，通过文化传承与科学情境素材，提升语言能力与思维品质，适配单元复习需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法选择|10题15分|形容词最高级、介词、时态等|以《蒙娜丽莎》为语篇，考查语法在文化情境中的应用| |完形填空|10题10分|动词短语、被动语态等|围绕百科全书发展史，融合历史与语言知识| |阅读理解|15题30分|细节理解、推理判断等|选取杨振宁传记、恐龙灭绝等素材，培养信息获取与批判性思维| |写作|3节30分|语篇填词、语法填空、书面表达|以永乐大典、爱迪生等为载体，兼顾文化传承与语言输出，提升综合表达能力|

2026-2027学年八年级上册英语单元自测（广州专用） Unit 1 Look it up （时间：100分钟，满分：110分） 一、语言知识运用（共两节, 满分25分） 第一节 语法选择（本题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 1．D 2．A 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．A 第二节 完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 11．C 12．A 13．A 14．B 15．B 16．A 17．B 18．A 19．A 20．B 二、阅读 (共两节，满分35分) 第1节 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 21．A 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．B 26．D 27．C 28．A 29．A 30．D 31．B 32．C 33．A 34．D 35．B 第二节 阅读填空（共5小题， 每小题1分，共5分） 36．A 37．C 38．B 39．F 40．D 三、项目情景(共两节,满分20分) 第一节 配对阅读(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分) 41．A 42．F 43．B 44．G 45．D 第二节 任务型阅读(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分) 46．Scientists who do research on dreams./Scientists. 47．During sleep time. 48．In a safe dream space. 49．A sweet dream. 50．Hard work. 四、写作（共三节,满分30分） 第一节 语篇填词(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分) 51．(c)reate 52．(o)rganized 53．(o)rder 54．(o)riginal 55．(r)ecorded 第二节 语法填空(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分) 56．intelligence 57．playing 58．himself 59．completely 60．a 第三节 书面表达(20分) An American Inventor—Edison Edison was a famous American inventor born in 1847 and passed away in 1931. He was born in the countryside. As a little boy, he had amazing intelligence and creativity. However, he had to drop out of school for asking lots of strange questions. After that, he learned all kinds of knowledge by himself. He made plenty of great inventions. In 1879, he created the practical light bulb. In total, he owned more than one thousand inventions in his whole life. In my opinion, he is one of the greatest scientists of the 20th century. His spirit of never giving up encourages us to keep exploring new things. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2026-2027学年八年级上册英语单元自测（广州专用） Unit 1 Look it up 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：100分钟，满分：110分） 一、语言知识运用（共两节, 满分25分） 第一节 语法选择（本题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。 Almost everyone knows the Mona Lisa. It is probably 1 painting in the world. The painting is famous 2 the beautiful woman’s smile. It is really amazing. Why is the beautiful woman smiling like that? For about 500 years, people have wanted to know the reason. In 1506 Leonardo da Vinci 3 the Mona Lisa. It took him about three years 4 it. Leonardo da Vinci was born in Italy. He was very smart and knew many things. He was not only a painter, but also 5 inventor and a scientist. The Mona Lisa is his most famous painting. The Mona Lisa was painted in Italy, but the painting was moved to France after the King of France bought it. Today it is in the Louvre Museum in Paris. Many people 6 all over the world visit the painting every year. The Mona Lisa has some difficult moments in its life. In 1911, Perugia stole （偷盗）it 7 he believed Leonardo’s painting belonged to an Italian museum. Luckily, the police caught 8 two years later when he tried to sell the painting. The Mona Lisa was returned safely to the Louvre Museum. In 1956, a crazy man threw acid （酸）at the painting and in the same year 9 man threw a rock at it. Today, the Mona Lisa is in a special room at the Louvre Museum. It costs much to build the special room, but it is worthwhile （值得的）. Are you looking forward to 10 it? For me, I can’t wait to see it now. 1．A．famous B．more famous C．most famous D．the most famous 2．A．for B．from C．at D．in 3．A．completed B．completing C．completes D．has completed 4．A．to finish B．finished C．finishes D．finishing 5．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 6．A．across B．at C．to D．from 7．A．unless B．if C．because D．but 8．A．he B．him C．his D．himself 9．A．other B．others C．another D．the others 10．A．seeing B．see C．sees D．saw 第二节 完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 Encyclopaedias have a long history. The word “encyclopaedia” comes from a Greek word meaning “general education”. People use them to 11 information about different subjects. In China, one of the first encyclopaedias was the Huanglan, created around 220 CE. Later, the Yongle Dadian was completed in 1408. It 12 over 11,000 volumes, making it one of the largest encyclopaedias ever. Both works 13 important information about history, art and science. In Europe, the earliest encyclopaedias were written by the Greeks in the 4th century BCE. They were 14 to early Chinese encyclopaedias because they collected works by different scholars. Centuries later, the first modern encyclopaedias like Encyclopaedia Britannica were 15 . The editors 16 the entries in alphabetical order, which made it much easier to 17 information. Today, most people use online encyclopaedias. They are fast and 18 , and you can find information in seconds. However, some people still 19 paper encyclopaedias. Encyclopaedias have played an important role in 20 knowledge for centuries, and they are still useful tools for learning. 11．A．look for B．look after C．look up D．look at 12．A．included B．invented C．created D．produced 13．A．recorded B．wrote C．painted D．built 14．A．different B．similar C．same D．like 15．A．publish B．published C．publishing D．publishes 16．A．organized B．ordered C．recorded D．included 17．A．look B．find C．invent D．create 18．A．convenient B．difficult C．slow D．new 19．A．prefer B．like C．enjoy D．love 20．A．spread B．spreading C．collect D．collecting 二、阅读 (共两节，满分35分) 第1节 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从21-35各题所给的A、B、C、D项中，选出最佳选项。 A Yang Zhenning was a famous physicist (物理学家). Born in Hefei, China, he died on 18 October 2025, at the age of 103. He loved science from his early years and worked very hard in school. In 1957, Yang made history with another scientist, Li Zhengdao. They found a mistake in an old science rule that people had believed for many years. For this great discovery, they won the Nobel Prize in Physics (诺贝尔物理学奖). They were the first Chinese scientists to get this important award. Yang taught for many years in the US, but he never forgot China. When he returned to teach at Tsinghua University, he did many important things to help Chinese science. He started new research centres where young scientists could work together. He helped students learn how to do better experiments and write good science papers. He also worked with the government to make science classes more interesting for students. Many young scientists loved learning from him because he was always patient and kind. Besides his Nobel Prize work, Yang created the Yang-Mills theory (理论). This theory helps scientists understand how the smallest parts of our world work. People remember him as both a great scientist and a wonderful teacher who inspired many young people. Yang’s life teaches us that great scientists are also great people devoted to their country and to helping others. He will always be an inspiration to students everywhere. 21．When was Yang Zhenning born? A．In 1922. B．In 1932. C．In 1942. D．In 1952. 22．How did Yang and Li make history in 1957? A．By creating a new scientific rule. B．By teaching in Tsinghua University. C．By winning a Nobel Prize in Physics. D．By becoming the first Chinese scientists. 23．Which can best describe Yang in his work with young scientists? A．A patient and devoted teacher. B．A scientist who didn’t like teaching. C．A scientist who liked working alone. D．A teacher who wanted to be famous. 24．What does Yang’s life mainly show us according to the last paragraph? A．We should win a Nobel Prize. B．Scientists should work in the US. C．Everyone must become a teacher. D．Great scientists can also be great people. 25．Where is the passage probably from? A．A travel guide. B．A science magazine. C．A cooking magazine. D．A shopping website. B An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book, or a set of books. It contains valuable information on many different subjects, or it can focus deeply on one subject. For over 2,000 years, encyclopaedias have summarized human knowledge to help people learn. The word “encyclopaedia” comes from ancient Greek words meaning “all-round education”. At first, it described a complete system of learning. A German writer, Paul Scalich, was the first to use “encyclopaedia” as the actual title for a book in 1559. Before that, these books often had creative names or were simply called “dictionaries”. Denis Diderot later made “encyclopaedia” more popular with his well-known French “Encyclopédie”. The meaning of “encyclopaedia” has changed greatly. Today, people usually think of a large set of books. These books often include maps, pictures, and an index to help find information. They cover many various topics, including biographies of important people, both in the past and at present. Many experts write these articles, and skilled editors carefully put them together. However, encyclopaedias weren’t always exactly like this. In the past, some were just a single book written by one person, while others were indeed huge sets. They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people. Arranging topics alphabetically or using languages other than Latin took many years to become very common. Encyclopaedias can cover all knowledge or focus on specific broad areas, like history or science. They are important because they record what people knew at different specific times. Even old encyclopaedias are valuable because they contain writings from many great thinkers and leaders, showing how our understanding of the world has greatly grown. 26．What is the main purpose of an encyclopaedia? A．To replace formal education systems. B．To advertise new scientific discoveries. C．To entertain readers with creative stories. D．To summarize human knowledge for learning. 27．How did early encyclopaedias differ from modern ones? A．They focused only on science. B．They were always written in Latin. C．They often didn’t have illustrations. D．They never covered multiple subjects. 28．What does the underlined word “index” in Paragraph 3 probably mean in Chinese? A．索引 B．封皮 C．脚注 D．标题 29．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (①Modern features     ②Definition     ③Value     ④Past features     ⑤History) A．②→⑤→①→④→③ B．⑤→②→④→①→③ C．②→①→⑤→③→④ D．①→⑤→②→④→③ 30．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A fiction novel about Greek scholars. B．A museum guidebook about ancient books. C．A newspaper article on modern technology. D．An educational magazine on knowledge tools. C If you go to the Gulf of Mexico, you can see there is a big hole. It is called the Chicxulub Crater. Some people believe it was because of a huge asteroid (小行星) hitting this place, and the hit made dinosaurs die out millions of years ago. This idea was first suggested in 1980. Later, scientists used special tools to find out what would happen if it was true. It showed that the asteroid could hit Earth at 40,000 miles per hour, leading to a big hole, a great tsunami (海啸), earthquakes, and the melting (熔化) of tons of rocks. The hit took away millions of lives around the Chicxulub Crater. The terrible story didn’t stop there. Minutes later, hot rocks started to rain down, and there was deadly dirt everywhere on the ground. More animals were burnt to death. After several hours, a super-hot wind knocked down anything still standing. In weeks, the sky was full of ash. Days became nights. This covered the sunlight for months or even years. Many plants died first. Then lots of animals died too because of food shortages, including almost all dinosaurs. Although this idea sounds possible, the question of how dinosaurs died out remains unsolved scientifically. But as scientists discover more dinosaur fossils, we may know the truth one day. 31．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The idea that a rock from space made a big hole on Earth. B．The thought that the asteroid made dinosaurs die out. C．The truth that all dinosaurs died out millions of years ago. D．The fact that the Chicxulub Crater is in the Gulf of Mexico. 32．According to the scientists, what happened when the asteroid hit Earth? A．A big hole appeared in North America. B．The asteroid hit Earth at 40,000 miles per second. C．The hit made lots of rocks melt. D．Millions of lives were lost in Mexico. 33．According to the idea, what was the reason for the death of almost all dinosaurs? A．Food shortages. B．No sunlight. C．Ash and dirt. D．The asteroid’s hit. 34．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．The dirt after the hit didn’t hurt animals on the ground. B．Hours later, animals died because of harmful gases. C．We will surely know the truth from dinosaur fossils. D．There isn’t a scientific reason for the dinosaurs’ die-off. 35．Where can you probably find this passage? A．In a storybook about dinosaurs. B．In a science book about space. C．In an encyclopaedia of animals. D．In a travel magazine about Mexico. 第二节 阅读填空（共5小题， 每小题1分，共5分） 以下是一篇短文。请阅读全文并从下列的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。 Starting a research project can be difficult. Encyclopedias are powerful tools to begin your journey into any topic. They can make looking for information easier. 36 Know your focus 37 If you’re researching climate change, you can ask: “What causes it? How does it affect oceans?” Books provide fewer useless things to look at than websites. This stops wasting time on unrelated things. Start with overviews (概述) Modern encyclopedias like World Book Encyclopedia give trustworthy (值得信赖的) summaries. 38 Their complete introductions help you know key information before you learn more. Check different sources Compare encyclopedia entries with books on that topic or expert writings. A study of dinosaurs might use information both from pictures in Encyclopedia of Life and expert writings. 39 Organize information Use apps to save online encyclopedia links (链接). For print forms, taking notes on pages helps a lot. 40 Mastering these steps makes research easier. As the famous saying goes, “Knowledge is power.” And encyclopedias hand you the first key. A．Here is how to use them wisely. B．They provide “big picture” views written by experts. C．Before opening any book, write down some questions. D．Using both ways can make things clear and research better. E．You should avoid using unreliable websites to protect your data. F．When you find information from different sources, you can see different views on the topic. 三、项目情景(共两节,满分20分) 第一节 配对阅读(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分) 左栏是五个人希望了解的人物的信息，右栏是对七位名人的介绍，请为左栏的每个人选择一个最符合他们要求的介绍，并将其字母编号写在答题卡相应的位置上。其中两项是多余的。 41 Next term Jim will go to America to study. His favourite American writer is Mark Twain. He wants to know how his great books were written. 42 Tom likes playing basketball very much and he plays it very well. He is also a fan of NBA．He wants to know some famous basketball players in the history of NBA． 43 Lily is a lover of light music. She always listens to it. She thinks light music can make her relax. Her favourite musician is Mozart. She wants to know more information about him. 44 Tony has a great interest in space science. He is going to be an astronaut when he grows up. He wants to know some information about the astronauts who have walked on the moon. 45 Lucy shows an interest in American history. She knows there were many great people in American history. She wants to know about some American inventors best, because she thinks some of their inventions have changed the world. A．Mark Twain is one of the greatest American writers. His books are about American places, everyday language that Americans speak, memorable American characters. Most of all, they are full of humour (幽默). B．Mozart was born in 1756. He wrote much music. He was only 35 when he died, yet he composed (创作) more than 600 pieces of music. Many music lovers consider him as one of the greatest musicians in the world. C． Louis Armstrong was a US jazz trumpeter (小号手) and singer. In 1922, he joined King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band. In the following years he began recording under his own name. He became someone more than a jazz musician and he was an international star. D．American inventor Thomas Edison changed the way that people lived when he invented the first practical light bulb in the late 1800s. The light bulb was just one of his many inventions. E. Donald John Trump was born in New York City on 14th June, 1946. He was an American businessman and the 45th president of the United States. He is one of the richest people in the world. F. Abdul Jabbar is a US basketball player. He helped his teams to get six NBA titles. By the time he retired in 1989, he had created a record of scoring 38, 387. He was chosen as Most Valuable Player for six times. G. Neil Armstrong was a US astronaut. He became a pilot at the age of 16. He joined the space programme in 1962 with the second group of astronauts. On 20th July, 1969, he took the Apollo 11 into the space and became the first person to step onto the moon. 第二节 任务型阅读(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分) 阅读短文，然后根据内容回答所提问题。 Dreams may make you smart. This was discovered by scientists who do research on dreams. What is a dream exactly? Scientists explain that during sleep time your brain reviews your experiences in the day. It tries to connect your new experiences with the old memories (记忆). As your brain connects things, it turns them into a story, and then you get a dream. Dreams may help you deal with worries and fears. What has happened during the day may be painful. While you are sleeping, however, the brain will replay the painful memories in a safe dream space. There the bad memories become less painful. And you will feel better after waking up. Dreams also seem to be able to help you learn. This idea is supported by a study. So scientists advise you not to stay up all night studying, especially when an exam is coming. They say a sweet dream might help you get higher marks. Dreams may make you more creative, too. It was reported that a famous song writer came up with his best song in a dream, and wrote it down as soon as he woke up. However, dreams alone can't bring about creativity. In fact, the songwriter spent a lot of time thinking about the song before the dream. In a word, hard work matters more for creativity, though dreams also have a role to play. 46．Who discovered that dreams may make you smart? 47．When does the brain review your experiences in the day? 48．Where does the brain replay the painful memories? 49．What might help you get higher marks according to the passage? 50．Which matters more for creativity, hard work or dreams? 四、写作（共三节,满分30分） 第一节 语篇填词(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分) The Yongle Encyclopedia The Yongle Encyclopedia is a famous ancient Chinese encyclopedia. In the Ming Dynasty, the emperor wanted to c 51 a huge book to record all knowledge of that time. Scholars o 52 thousands of old books and materials, then put them in o 53 by topic. They followed strict and o 54 rules while editing, making sure each part was accurate. The encyclopedia has over 11,000 volumes, each filled with information about history, literature, science, and art. It not only r 55 ancient wisdom but also showed how people organized knowledge long ago. Though many books were lost, it remains an important record of Chinese culture. Even today, people study it to learn about the past! 第二节 语法填空(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分) 根据短文内容，用所给单词的适当形式填空，未提供单词的根据上下文填入适当的词。 Lang Lang was born on June 14, 1982 in Shenyang, Liaoning Province. He is one of the world’s top musicians, famous for his 56 (intelligent) and passion for music. At two and a half, he fell in love with the piano after watching Tom and Jerry. He enjoyed 57 (play) his dad’s old piano and could play simple tunes by 58 (he). His father was 59 (complete) shocked and signed him up for piano lessons. At three, he studied piano with teacher Zhu Yafen. At five, he joined 60 competition and won first prize. Years later, he performed My Motherland at the White House, saying he picked the song because he loves China. Today he inspires many young people to learn classical music. 第三节 书面表达(20分) 66．你校英文报新开设了“百科知识”栏目，请你写一篇英语短文介绍发明家爱迪生 (Edison)，向该栏目投稿。短文须包括以下要点： 简介 ①生卒年份1847-1931，美国著名发明家。 经历 ①出生在乡下；从小展现出聪明才智与创造性，却因为经常提奇怪问题而被迫退学 ②长大后自己学习各种事物 成就 ①1879年发明了实用的白炽灯 ②一生有一千多种发明 你的看法 ①他是20世纪最伟大的科学家之一 ②…… 参考词汇：创造性creativity，实用的practical 要求：①可在内容提示的基础上适当拓展信息； ②词数80左右 (文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数)； ③不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息。 An American Inventor—Edison Edison was ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第3页（共8页） 试题 第4页（共8页） 试题 第1页（共8页） 试题 第2页（共8页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年八年级上册英语单元自测（广州专用） Unit 1 Look it up 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：100分钟，满分：110分） 一、语言知识运用（共两节, 满分25分） 第一节 语法选择（本题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。 Almost everyone knows the Mona Lisa. It is probably 1 painting in the world. The painting is famous 2 the beautiful woman’s smile. It is really amazing. Why is the beautiful woman smiling like that? For about 500 years, people have wanted to know the reason. In 1506 Leonardo da Vinci 3 the Mona Lisa. It took him about three years 4 it. Leonardo da Vinci was born in Italy. He was very smart and knew many things. He was not only a painter, but also 5 inventor and a scientist. The Mona Lisa is his most famous painting. The Mona Lisa was painted in Italy, but the painting was moved to France after the King of France bought it. Today it is in the Louvre Museum in Paris. Many people 6 all over the world visit the painting every year. The Mona Lisa has some difficult moments in its life. In 1911, Perugia stole （偷盗）it 7 he believed Leonardo’s painting belonged to an Italian museum. Luckily, the police caught 8 two years later when he tried to sell the painting. The Mona Lisa was returned safely to the Louvre Museum. In 1956, a crazy man threw acid （酸）at the painting and in the same year 9 man threw a rock at it. Today, the Mona Lisa is in a special room at the Louvre Museum. It costs much to build the special room, but it is worthwhile （值得的）. Are you looking forward to 10 it? For me, I can’t wait to see it now. 1．A．famous B．more famous C．most famous D．the most famous 2．A．for B．from C．at D．in 3．A．completed B．completing C．completes D．has completed 4．A．to finish B．finished C．finishes D．finishing 5．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 6．A．across B．at C．to D．from 7．A．unless B．if C．because D．but 8．A．he B．him C．his D．himself 9．A．other B．others C．another D．the others 10．A．seeing B．see C．sees D．saw 第二节 完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 Encyclopaedias have a long history. The word “encyclopaedia” comes from a Greek word meaning “general education”. People use them to 11 information about different subjects. In China, one of the first encyclopaedias was the Huanglan, created around 220 CE. Later, the Yongle Dadian was completed in 1408. It 12 over 11,000 volumes, making it one of the largest encyclopaedias ever. Both works 13 important information about history, art and science. In Europe, the earliest encyclopaedias were written by the Greeks in the 4th century BCE. They were 14 to early Chinese encyclopaedias because they collected works by different scholars. Centuries later, the first modern encyclopaedias like Encyclopaedia Britannica were 15 . The editors 16 the entries in alphabetical order, which made it much easier to 17 information. Today, most people use online encyclopaedias. They are fast and 18 , and you can find information in seconds. However, some people still 19 paper encyclopaedias. Encyclopaedias have played an important role in 20 knowledge for centuries, and they are still useful tools for learning. 11．A．look for B．look after C．look up D．look at 12．A．included B．invented C．created D．produced 13．A．recorded B．wrote C．painted D．built 14．A．different B．similar C．same D．like 15．A．publish B．published C．publishing D．publishes 16．A．organized B．ordered C．recorded D．included 17．A．look B．find C．invent D．create 18．A．convenient B．difficult C．slow D．new 19．A．prefer B．like C．enjoy D．love 20．A．spread B．spreading C．collect D．collecting 二、阅读 (共两节，满分35分) 第1节 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从21-35各题所给的A、B、C、D项中，选出最佳选项。 A Yang Zhenning was a famous physicist (物理学家). Born in Hefei, China, he died on 18 October 2025, at the age of 103. He loved science from his early years and worked very hard in school. In 1957, Yang made history with another scientist, Li Zhengdao. They found a mistake in an old science rule that people had believed for many years. For this great discovery, they won the Nobel Prize in Physics (诺贝尔物理学奖). They were the first Chinese scientists to get this important award. Yang taught for many years in the US, but he never forgot China. When he returned to teach at Tsinghua University, he did many important things to help Chinese science. He started new research centres where young scientists could work together. He helped students learn how to do better experiments and write good science papers. He also worked with the government to make science classes more interesting for students. Many young scientists loved learning from him because he was always patient and kind. Besides his Nobel Prize work, Yang created the Yang-Mills theory (理论). This theory helps scientists understand how the smallest parts of our world work. People remember him as both a great scientist and a wonderful teacher who inspired many young people. Yang’s life teaches us that great scientists are also great people devoted to their country and to helping others. He will always be an inspiration to students everywhere. 21．When was Yang Zhenning born? A．In 1922. B．In 1932. C．In 1942. D．In 1952. 22．How did Yang and Li make history in 1957? A．By creating a new scientific rule. B．By teaching in Tsinghua University. C．By winning a Nobel Prize in Physics. D．By becoming the first Chinese scientists. 23．Which can best describe Yang in his work with young scientists? A．A patient and devoted teacher. B．A scientist who didn’t like teaching. C．A scientist who liked working alone. D．A teacher who wanted to be famous. 24．What does Yang’s life mainly show us according to the last paragraph? A．We should win a Nobel Prize. B．Scientists should work in the US. C．Everyone must become a teacher. D．Great scientists can also be great people. 25．Where is the passage probably from? A．A travel guide. B．A science magazine. C．A cooking magazine. D．A shopping website. B An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book, or a set of books. It contains valuable information on many different subjects, or it can focus deeply on one subject. For over 2,000 years, encyclopaedias have summarized human knowledge to help people learn. The word “encyclopaedia” comes from ancient Greek words meaning “all-round education”. At first, it described a complete system of learning. A German writer, Paul Scalich, was the first to use “encyclopaedia” as the actual title for a book in 1559. Before that, these books often had creative names or were simply called “dictionaries”. Denis Diderot later made “encyclopaedia” more popular with his well-known French “Encyclopédie”. The meaning of “encyclopaedia” has changed greatly. Today, people usually think of a large set of books. These books often include maps, pictures, and an index to help find information. They cover many various topics, including biographies of important people, both in the past and at present. Many experts write these articles, and skilled editors carefully put them together. However, encyclopaedias weren’t always exactly like this. In the past, some were just a single book written by one person, while others were indeed huge sets. They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people. Arranging topics alphabetically or using languages other than Latin took many years to become very common. Encyclopaedias can cover all knowledge or focus on specific broad areas, like history or science. They are important because they record what people knew at different specific times. Even old encyclopaedias are valuable because they contain writings from many great thinkers and leaders, showing how our understanding of the world has greatly grown. 26．What is the main purpose of an encyclopaedia? A．To replace formal education systems. B．To advertise new scientific discoveries. C．To entertain readers with creative stories. D．To summarize human knowledge for learning. 27．How did early encyclopaedias differ from modern ones? A．They focused only on science. B．They were always written in Latin. C．They often didn’t have illustrations. D．They never covered multiple subjects. 28．What does the underlined word “index” in Paragraph 3 probably mean in Chinese? A．索引 B．封皮 C．脚注 D．标题 29．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (①Modern features     ②Definition     ③Value     ④Past features     ⑤History) A．②→⑤→①→④→③ B．⑤→②→④→①→③ C．②→①→⑤→③→④ D．①→⑤→②→④→③ 30．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A fiction novel about Greek scholars. B．A museum guidebook about ancient books. C．A newspaper article on modern technology. D．An educational magazine on knowledge tools. C If you go to the Gulf of Mexico, you can see there is a big hole. It is called the Chicxulub Crater. Some people believe it was because of a huge asteroid (小行星) hitting this place, and the hit made dinosaurs die out millions of years ago. This idea was first suggested in 1980. Later, scientists used special tools to find out what would happen if it was true. It showed that the asteroid could hit Earth at 40,000 miles per hour, leading to a big hole, a great tsunami (海啸), earthquakes, and the melting (熔化) of tons of rocks. The hit took away millions of lives around the Chicxulub Crater. The terrible story didn’t stop there. Minutes later, hot rocks started to rain down, and there was deadly dirt everywhere on the ground. More animals were burnt to death. After several hours, a super-hot wind knocked down anything still standing. In weeks, the sky was full of ash. Days became nights. This covered the sunlight for months or even years. Many plants died first. Then lots of animals died too because of food shortages, including almost all dinosaurs. Although this idea sounds possible, the question of how dinosaurs died out remains unsolved scientifically. But as scientists discover more dinosaur fossils, we may know the truth one day. 31．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The idea that a rock from space made a big hole on Earth. B．The thought that the asteroid made dinosaurs die out. C．The truth that all dinosaurs died out millions of years ago. D．The fact that the Chicxulub Crater is in the Gulf of Mexico. 32．According to the scientists, what happened when the asteroid hit Earth? A．A big hole appeared in North America. B．The asteroid hit Earth at 40,000 miles per second. C．The hit made lots of rocks melt. D．Millions of lives were lost in Mexico. 33．According to the idea, what was the reason for the death of almost all dinosaurs? A．Food shortages. B．No sunlight. C．Ash and dirt. D．The asteroid’s hit. 34．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．The dirt after the hit didn’t hurt animals on the ground. B．Hours later, animals died because of harmful gases. C．We will surely know the truth from dinosaur fossils. D．There isn’t a scientific reason for the dinosaurs’ die-off. 35．Where can you probably find this passage? A．In a storybook about dinosaurs. B．In a science book about space. C．In an encyclopaedia of animals. D．In a travel magazine about Mexico. 第二节 阅读填空（共5小题， 每小题1分，共5分） 以下是一篇短文。请阅读全文并从下列的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。 Starting a research project can be difficult. Encyclopedias are powerful tools to begin your journey into any topic. They can make looking for information easier. 36 Know your focus 37 If you’re researching climate change, you can ask: “What causes it? How does it affect oceans?” Books provide fewer useless things to look at than websites. This stops wasting time on unrelated things. Start with overviews (概述) Modern encyclopedias like World Book Encyclopedia give trustworthy (值得信赖的) summaries. 38 Their complete introductions help you know key information before you learn more. Check different sources Compare encyclopedia entries with books on that topic or expert writings. A study of dinosaurs might use information both from pictures in Encyclopedia of Life and expert writings. 39 Organize information Use apps to save online encyclopedia links (链接). For print forms, taking notes on pages helps a lot. 40 Mastering these steps makes research easier. As the famous saying goes, “Knowledge is power.” And encyclopedias hand you the first key. A．Here is how to use them wisely. B．They provide “big picture” views written by experts. C．Before opening any book, write down some questions. D．Using both ways can make things clear and research better. E．You should avoid using unreliable websites to protect your data. F．When you find information from different sources, you can see different views on the topic. 三、项目情景(共两节,满分20分) 第一节 配对阅读(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分) 左栏是五个人希望了解的人物的信息，右栏是对七位名人的介绍，请为左栏的每个人选择一个最符合他们要求的介绍，并将其字母编号写在答题卡相应的位置上。其中两项是多余的。 41 Next term Jim will go to America to study. His favourite American writer is Mark Twain. He wants to know how his great books were written. 42 Tom likes playing basketball very much and he plays it very well. He is also a fan of NBA．He wants to know some famous basketball players in the history of NBA． 43 Lily is a lover of light music. She always listens to it. She thinks light music can make her relax. Her favourite musician is Mozart. She wants to know more information about him. 44 Tony has a great interest in space science. He is going to be an astronaut when he grows up. He wants to know some information about the astronauts who have walked on the moon. 45 Lucy shows an interest in American history. She knows there were many great people in American history. She wants to know about some American inventors best, because she thinks some of their inventions have changed the world. A．Mark Twain is one of the greatest American writers. His books are about American places, everyday language that Americans speak, memorable American characters. Most of all, they are full of humour (幽默). B．Mozart was born in 1756. He wrote much music. He was only 35 when he died, yet he composed (创作) more than 600 pieces of music. Many music lovers consider him as one of the greatest musicians in the world. C． Louis Armstrong was a US jazz trumpeter (小号手) and singer. In 1922, he joined King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band. In the following years he began recording under his own name. He became someone more than a jazz musician and he was an international star. D．American inventor Thomas Edison changed the way that people lived when he invented the first practical light bulb in the late 1800s. The light bulb was just one of his many inventions. E. Donald John Trump was born in New York City on 14th June, 1946. He was an American businessman and the 45th president of the United States. He is one of the richest people in the world. F. Abdul Jabbar is a US basketball player. He helped his teams to get six NBA titles. By the time he retired in 1989, he had created a record of scoring 38, 387. He was chosen as Most Valuable Player for six times. G. Neil Armstrong was a US astronaut. He became a pilot at the age of 16. He joined the space programme in 1962 with the second group of astronauts. On 20th July, 1969, he took the Apollo 11 into the space and became the first person to step onto the moon. 第二节 任务型阅读(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分) 阅读短文，然后根据内容回答所提问题。 Dreams may make you smart. This was discovered by scientists who do research on dreams. What is a dream exactly? Scientists explain that during sleep time your brain reviews your experiences in the day. It tries to connect your new experiences with the old memories (记忆). As your brain connects things, it turns them into a story, and then you get a dream. Dreams may help you deal with worries and fears. What has happened during the day may be painful. While you are sleeping, however, the brain will replay the painful memories in a safe dream space. There the bad memories become less painful. And you will feel better after waking up. Dreams also seem to be able to help you learn. This idea is supported by a study. So scientists advise you not to stay up all night studying, especially when an exam is coming. They say a sweet dream might help you get higher marks. Dreams may make you more creative, too. It was reported that a famous song writer came up with his best song in a dream, and wrote it down as soon as he woke up. However, dreams alone can't bring about creativity. In fact, the songwriter spent a lot of time thinking about the song before the dream. In a word, hard work matters more for creativity, though dreams also have a role to play. 46．Who discovered that dreams may make you smart? 47．When does the brain review your experiences in the day? 48．Where does the brain replay the painful memories? 49．What might help you get higher marks according to the passage? 50．Which matters more for creativity, hard work or dreams? 四、写作（共三节,满分30分） 第一节 语篇填词(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分) The Yongle Encyclopedia The Yongle Encyclopedia is a famous ancient Chinese encyclopedia. In the Ming Dynasty, the emperor wanted to c 51 a huge book to record all knowledge of that time. Scholars o 52 thousands of old books and materials, then put them in o 53 by topic. They followed strict and o 54 rules while editing, making sure each part was accurate. The encyclopedia has over 11,000 volumes, each filled with information about history, literature, science, and art. It not only r 55 ancient wisdom but also showed how people organized knowledge long ago. Though many books were lost, it remains an important record of Chinese culture. Even today, people study it to learn about the past! 第二节 语法填空(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分) 根据短文内容，用所给单词的适当形式填空，未提供单词的根据上下文填入适当的词。 Lang Lang was born on June 14, 1982 in Shenyang, Liaoning Province. He is one of the world’s top musicians, famous for his 56 (intelligent) and passion for music. At two and a half, he fell in love with the piano after watching Tom and Jerry. He enjoyed 57 (play) his dad’s old piano and could play simple tunes by 58 (he). His father was 59 (complete) shocked and signed him up for piano lessons. At three, he studied piano with teacher Zhu Yafen. At five, he joined 60 competition and won first prize. Years later, he performed My Motherland at the White House, saying he picked the song because he loves China. Today he inspires many young people to learn classical music. 第三节 书面表达(20分) 66．你校英文报新开设了“百科知识”栏目，请你写一篇英语短文介绍发明家爱迪生 (Edison)，向该栏目投稿。短文须包括以下要点： 简介 ①生卒年份1847-1931，美国著名发明家。 经历 ①出生在乡下；从小展现出聪明才智与创造性，却因为经常提奇怪问题而被迫退学 ②长大后自己学习各种事物 成就 ①1879年发明了实用的白炽灯 ②一生有一千多种发明 你的看法 ①他是20世纪最伟大的科学家之一 ②…… 参考词汇：创造性creativity，实用的practical 要求：①可在内容提示的基础上适当拓展信息； ②词数80左右 (文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数)； ③不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息。 An American Inventor—Edison Edison was ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年八年级上册英语单元自测（广州专用） Unit 1 Look it up 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：100分钟，满分：110分） 一、语言知识运用（共两节, 满分25分） 第一节 语法选择（本题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。 Almost everyone knows the Mona Lisa. It is probably 1 painting in the world. The painting is famous 2 the beautiful woman’s smile. It is really amazing. Why is the beautiful woman smiling like that? For about 500 years, people have wanted to know the reason. In 1506 Leonardo da Vinci 3 the Mona Lisa. It took him about three years 4 it. Leonardo da Vinci was born in Italy. He was very smart and knew many things. He was not only a painter, but also 5 inventor and a scientist. The Mona Lisa is his most famous painting. The Mona Lisa was painted in Italy, but the painting was moved to France after the King of France bought it. Today it is in the Louvre Museum in Paris. Many people 6 all over the world visit the painting every year. The Mona Lisa has some difficult moments in its life. In 1911, Perugia stole （偷盗）it 7 he believed Leonardo’s painting belonged to an Italian museum. Luckily, the police caught 8 two years later when he tried to sell the painting. The Mona Lisa was returned safely to the Louvre Museum. In 1956, a crazy man threw acid （酸）at the painting and in the same year 9 man threw a rock at it. Today, the Mona Lisa is in a special room at the Louvre Museum. It costs much to build the special room, but it is worthwhile （值得的）. Are you looking forward to 10 it? For me, I can’t wait to see it now. 1．A．famous B．more famous C．most famous D．the most famous 2．A．for B．from C．at D．in 3．A．completed B．completing C．completes D．has completed 4．A．to finish B．finished C．finishes D．finishing 5．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 6．A．across B．at C．to D．from 7．A．unless B．if C．because D．but 8．A．he B．him C．his D．himself 9．A．other B．others C．another D．the others 10．A．seeing B．see C．sees D．saw 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了达芬奇及他的画作《蒙娜丽莎》的经历。 【详解】1．句意：它可能是世界上最著名的画。 famous著名的；more famous较著名的，比较级；most famous最著名的；the most famous最著名的，最高级。根据“in the world”可知，比较范围为全世界的画作，故用最高级，且最高级前应加定冠词the。故选D。 2．句意：这幅画以这位美丽的女士的微笑而出名。 for为了；from来自于；at在；in在……里面。根据“be famous for因……而闻名”可知，此处应用for。故选A。 3．句意：在1506年，列奥纳多达芬奇完成了《蒙娜丽莎》这幅画。 completed完成，过去式；completing完成，现在分词；completes完成，动词三单形式；has completed完成，现在完成时。根据“In 1506”可知，这是过去的时间，故用一般过去时。故选A。 4．句意：这花了他三年的时间完成这幅画。 to finish完成，动词不定式；finished完成，动词过去式；finishes完成，动词三单形式；finishing完成，现在分词。It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.“做某事花了某人多长时间”，故此处应用动词不定式。故选A。 5．句意：他不仅是一名画家还是一名发明家和科学家。 a一个，泛指，用于辅音音素前；an一个，泛指，用于元音音素前；the这个，那个，特指。根据“inventor”可知，是元音音素开头，故用an。故选B。 6．句意：每年都有世界各地的很多人来参观这幅画。 across在……对面；at在；to朝，向着；from来自。根据“all over the world”可知，应是来自于全世界，故用from。故选D。 7．句意：在1911年，佩鲁贾偷了这幅画因为他认为达芬奇的画属于一家意大利博物馆。 unless如果不；if如果；because因为；but但是。根据前后句关系，应是因果关系。故选C。 8．句意：幸运的是，警察两年后在他卖这幅画的时候抓住了他。 he他，主格；him他，宾格；his他的，形容词性物主代词；himself他自己，反身代词。根据“the police caught”可知，此处应用宾格作宾语。故选B。 9．句意：在1956年，一个疯男人朝它泼酸，同年另一个男人朝它扔石头。 other别的；others别的事或人；another（三者或三者以上）另一个；the others剩余的人或物。根据“a crazy man”可知，应是另一个人做了扔石头的事。故选C。 10．句意：你期待看见它吗？ seeing看见，动名词；see看见，动词原形；sees看见，动词三单形式；saw看见，动词过去式。look forward to doing sth.“期待做某事”，此处应有seeing。故选A。 第二节 完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 Encyclopaedias have a long history. The word “encyclopaedia” comes from a Greek word meaning “general education”. People use them to 11 information about different subjects. In China, one of the first encyclopaedias was the Huanglan, created around 220 CE. Later, the Yongle Dadian was completed in 1408. It 12 over 11,000 volumes, making it one of the largest encyclopaedias ever. Both works 13 important information about history, art and science. In Europe, the earliest encyclopaedias were written by the Greeks in the 4th century BCE. They were 14 to early Chinese encyclopaedias because they collected works by different scholars. Centuries later, the first modern encyclopaedias like Encyclopaedia Britannica were 15 . The editors 16 the entries in alphabetical order, which made it much easier to 17 information. Today, most people use online encyclopaedias. They are fast and 18 , and you can find information in seconds. However, some people still 19 paper encyclopaedias. Encyclopaedias have played an important role in 20 knowledge for centuries, and they are still useful tools for learning. 11．A．look for B．look after C．look up D．look at 12．A．included B．invented C．created D．produced 13．A．recorded B．wrote C．painted D．built 14．A．different B．similar C．same D．like 15．A．publish B．published C．publishing D．publishes 16．A．organized B．ordered C．recorded D．included 17．A．look B．find C．invent D．create 18．A．convenient B．difficult C．slow D．new 19．A．prefer B．like C．enjoy D．love 20．A．spread B．spreading C．collect D．collecting 【答案】 11．C 12．A 13．A 14．B 15．B 16．A 17．B 18．A 19．A 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了百科全书的历史，从中国到欧洲再到现代在线百科全书，强调了其在传播知识中的重要作用。 【详解】11．句意：人们用它们来查阅关于不同学科的信息。 根据“information about different subjects”及百科全书的用途，可知此处指查阅资料。查阅信息常用look up，look for寻找（侧重找寻动作）；look after照顾；look at 看，均不符合语境。 12．句意：它包含超过11000卷，使其成为有史以来最大的百科全书之一。 根据“over 11,000 volumes”可知指书中包含的内容量。include符合语境。 13．句意：这两部作品都记录了关于历史、艺术和科学的重要信息。 根据“important information”可知书籍的作用是记录信息。record符合语境。write主语通常是人。 14．句意：它们与早期中国百科全书相似，因为它们都收集了不同学者的作品。 根据“because they collected works by different scholars”可知两者有共同点，故相似。be similar to为固定搭配。same常接as。 15．句意：几个世纪后，第一部现代百科全书如《大英百科全书》被出版。 根据“were”可知是被动语态，需用过去分词。publish与句子主语encyclopaedias是被动关系。 16．句意：编辑们按字母顺序整理条目，这使得查找信息容易得多。 根据“in alphabetical order”可知是对内容进行整理组织。organize符合语境。order作动词多指命令。 17．句意：编辑们按字母顺序整理条目，这使得查找信息容易得多。 根据“easier to...information”及前文按字母排序的目的，可知是为了更容易找到信息。find符合语境。 18．句意：它们快速且方便，你可以在几秒钟内找到信息。 根据“fast”和“find information in seconds”可知在线百科全书很便利。convenient符合语境。其他选项与fast矛盾。 19．句意：然而，有些人仍然更喜欢纸质百科全书。 根据“However”可知与前文在线百科形成对比，指在两者中更倾向于纸质。prefer强调选择偏好。like程度较弱。 20．句意：几个世纪以来，百科全书在传播知识方面发挥了重要作用。 根据介词“in”可知后接动名词。百科全书的社会角色是传播知识。spread符合语境。 二、阅读 (共两节，满分35分) 第1节 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从21-35各题所给的A、B、C、D项中，选出最佳选项。 A Yang Zhenning was a famous physicist (物理学家). Born in Hefei, China, he died on 18 October 2025, at the age of 103. He loved science from his early years and worked very hard in school. In 1957, Yang made history with another scientist, Li Zhengdao. They found a mistake in an old science rule that people had believed for many years. For this great discovery, they won the Nobel Prize in Physics (诺贝尔物理学奖). They were the first Chinese scientists to get this important award. Yang taught for many years in the US, but he never forgot China. When he returned to teach at Tsinghua University, he did many important things to help Chinese science. He started new research centres where young scientists could work together. He helped students learn how to do better experiments and write good science papers. He also worked with the government to make science classes more interesting for students. Many young scientists loved learning from him because he was always patient and kind. Besides his Nobel Prize work, Yang created the Yang-Mills theory (理论). This theory helps scientists understand how the smallest parts of our world work. People remember him as both a great scientist and a wonderful teacher who inspired many young people. Yang’s life teaches us that great scientists are also great people devoted to their country and to helping others. He will always be an inspiration to students everywhere. 21．When was Yang Zhenning born? A．In 1922. B．In 1932. C．In 1942. D．In 1952. 22．How did Yang and Li make history in 1957? A．By creating a new scientific rule. B．By teaching in Tsinghua University. C．By winning a Nobel Prize in Physics. D．By becoming the first Chinese scientists. 23．Which can best describe Yang in his work with young scientists? A．A patient and devoted teacher. B．A scientist who didn’t like teaching. C．A scientist who liked working alone. D．A teacher who wanted to be famous. 24．What does Yang’s life mainly show us according to the last paragraph? A．We should win a Nobel Prize. B．Scientists should work in the US. C．Everyone must become a teacher. D．Great scientists can also be great people. 25．Where is the passage probably from? A．A travel guide. B．A science magazine. C．A cooking magazine. D．A shopping website. 【答案】21．A 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了著名物理学家杨振宁的生平事迹。文章涵盖了他的早年求学、1957年获得诺贝尔奖的辉煌成就、回国后对科学教育的贡献以及他所提出的杨-米尔斯理论，最后总结了他对国家和年轻一代的深远影响。 【详解】21．文章第1段“Born in Hefei, China, he died on 18 October 2025, at the age of 103.”表明杨振宁出生于中国合肥，于2025年10月18日逝世，享年103岁。用逝世年份2025减去年龄103，即可推算出他的出生年份为1922年。 22．文章第2段“For this great discovery, they won the Nobel Prize in Physics (诺贝尔物理学奖). They were the first Chinese scientists to get this important award.”表明他们创造历史是因为赢得了诺贝尔物理学奖。 23．文章第3段“helped students learn how to do better experiments...Many young scientists loved learning from him because he was always patient and kind.”表明杨振宁是一位耐心且全身心投入的老师。 24．文章第5段“Yang’s life teaches us that great scientists are also great people devoted to their country and to helping others.”表明杨振宁的一生教导我们，伟大的科学家也是致力于国家和帮助他人的伟人。这段话的核心在于奉献精神。选项D和本段原句意思完全一致。 25．文章通篇介绍了杨振宁的生平、成就和贡献，属于人物传记或科学人物介绍，最可能出现在科学杂志上。 B An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book, or a set of books. It contains valuable information on many different subjects, or it can focus deeply on one subject. For over 2,000 years, encyclopaedias have summarized human knowledge to help people learn. The word “encyclopaedia” comes from ancient Greek words meaning “all-round education”. At first, it described a complete system of learning. A German writer, Paul Scalich, was the first to use “encyclopaedia” as the actual title for a book in 1559. Before that, these books often had creative names or were simply called “dictionaries”. Denis Diderot later made “encyclopaedia” more popular with his well-known French “Encyclopédie”. The meaning of “encyclopaedia” has changed greatly. Today, people usually think of a large set of books. These books often include maps, pictures, and an index to help find information. They cover many various topics, including biographies of important people, both in the past and at present. Many experts write these articles, and skilled editors carefully put them together. However, encyclopaedias weren’t always exactly like this. In the past, some were just a single book written by one person, while others were indeed huge sets. They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people. Arranging topics alphabetically or using languages other than Latin took many years to become very common. Encyclopaedias can cover all knowledge or focus on specific broad areas, like history or science. They are important because they record what people knew at different specific times. Even old encyclopaedias are valuable because they contain writings from many great thinkers and leaders, showing how our understanding of the world has greatly grown. 26．What is the main purpose of an encyclopaedia? A．To replace formal education systems. B．To advertise new scientific discoveries. C．To entertain readers with creative stories. D．To summarize human knowledge for learning. 27．How did early encyclopaedias differ from modern ones? A．They focused only on science. B．They were always written in Latin. C．They often didn’t have illustrations. D．They never covered multiple subjects. 28．What does the underlined word “index” in Paragraph 3 probably mean in Chinese? A．索引 B．封皮 C．脚注 D．标题 29．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (①Modern features     ②Definition     ③Value     ④Past features     ⑤History) A．②→⑤→①→④→③ B．⑤→②→④→①→③ C．②→①→⑤→③→④ D．①→⑤→②→④→③ 30．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A fiction novel about Greek scholars. B．A museum guidebook about ancient books. C．A newspaper article on modern technology. D．An educational magazine on knowledge tools. 【答案】26．D 27．C 28．A 29．A 30．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了百科全书的历史、定义、现代特征及其价值。 【详解】26．细节理解题。根据“An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book… to help people learn.”可知，百科全书的主要目的是总结人类知识以供学习。故选D。 27．细节理解题。根据“They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people.”可知，与现代百科全书相比，早期版本常缺少插图。故选C。 28．词句猜测题。根据“an index to help find information”可知，“index”的功能帮助查找信息，所以index意为“索引”。故选A。 29．篇章结构题。根据“An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book, or a set of books.”可知，第一段介绍百科全书的定义，②排第一；根据“The word ‘encyclopaedia’ comes from ancient Greek words meaning ‘all-round education’.”可知，第二段介绍百科全书的历史，⑤排第二；根据“Today, people usually think of a large set of books. These books often include maps, pictures, and an index to help find information.”可知，第三段介绍现代百科全书的特征，①排第三；根据“However, encyclopaedias weren’t always exactly like this. In the past, some were just a single book written by one person, while others were indeed huge sets. They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people.”可知，第四段介绍过去百科全书的特征，④排第四；根据“Encyclopaedias can cover all knowledge or focus on specific broad areas, like history or science. They are important because they record what people knew at different specific times.”可知，最后一段介绍百科全书的价值，③排第五。故选A。 30．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了百科全书的相关内容，包括其历史、定义、特征及其价值，所以文章有可能出自一本关于知识工具的教育杂志。故选D。 C If you go to the Gulf of Mexico, you can see there is a big hole. It is called the Chicxulub Crater. Some people believe it was because of a huge asteroid (小行星) hitting this place, and the hit made dinosaurs die out millions of years ago. This idea was first suggested in 1980. Later, scientists used special tools to find out what would happen if it was true. It showed that the asteroid could hit Earth at 40,000 miles per hour, leading to a big hole, a great tsunami (海啸), earthquakes, and the melting (熔化) of tons of rocks. The hit took away millions of lives around the Chicxulub Crater. The terrible story didn’t stop there. Minutes later, hot rocks started to rain down, and there was deadly dirt everywhere on the ground. More animals were burnt to death. After several hours, a super-hot wind knocked down anything still standing. In weeks, the sky was full of ash. Days became nights. This covered the sunlight for months or even years. Many plants died first. Then lots of animals died too because of food shortages, including almost all dinosaurs. Although this idea sounds possible, the question of how dinosaurs died out remains unsolved scientifically. But as scientists discover more dinosaur fossils, we may know the truth one day. 31．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The idea that a rock from space made a big hole on Earth. B．The thought that the asteroid made dinosaurs die out. C．The truth that all dinosaurs died out millions of years ago. D．The fact that the Chicxulub Crater is in the Gulf of Mexico. 32．According to the scientists, what happened when the asteroid hit Earth? A．A big hole appeared in North America. B．The asteroid hit Earth at 40,000 miles per second. C．The hit made lots of rocks melt. D．Millions of lives were lost in Mexico. 33．According to the idea, what was the reason for the death of almost all dinosaurs? A．Food shortages. B．No sunlight. C．Ash and dirt. D．The asteroid’s hit. 34．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．The dirt after the hit didn’t hurt animals on the ground. B．Hours later, animals died because of harmful gases. C．We will surely know the truth from dinosaur fossils. D．There isn’t a scientific reason for the dinosaurs’ die-off. 35．Where can you probably find this passage? A．In a storybook about dinosaurs. B．In a science book about space. C．In an encyclopaedia of animals. D．In a travel magazine about Mexico. 【答案】31．B 32．C 33．A 34．D 35．B 【导语】本文围绕墨西哥湾的希克苏鲁伯陨石坑展开，介绍了小行星撞击地球导致恐龙灭绝的假说，包括撞击后的一系列灾难及恐龙灭绝的原因，最后指出恐龙灭绝之谜尚未完全解开。 【详解】31．词句猜测题。根据“Some people believe it was because of a huge asteroid (小行星) hitting this place, and the hit made dinosaurs die out millions of years ago.”及“This idea was first suggested in 1980. Later, scientists used special tools to find out what would happen if it was true.”可知，“it”指代前文提到的“小行星撞击导致恐龙灭绝”这一观点。故选B。 32．细节理解题。根据“It showed that the asteroid could hit Earth at 40,000 miles per hour, leading to a big hole, a great tsunami (海啸), earthquakes, and the melting (熔化) of tons of rocks.”可知，小行星撞击地球时导致大量岩石熔化。故选C。 33．细节理解题。根据“Many plants died first. Then lots of animals died too because of food shortages, including almost all dinosaurs.”可知，几乎所有恐龙灭绝的原因是食物短缺。故选A。 34．细节理解题。根据“the question of how dinosaurs died out remains unsolved scientifically.”可知，恐龙灭绝尚无科学定论。故选D。 35．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章围绕小行星撞击地球导致恐龙灭绝的科学假说展开，涉及太空（小行星）与科学知识，因此可能出现在关于太空的科学书中。故选B。 第二节 阅读填空（共5小题， 每小题1分，共5分） 以下是一篇短文。请阅读全文并从下列的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。 Starting a research project can be difficult. Encyclopedias are powerful tools to begin your journey into any topic. They can make looking for information easier. 36 Know your focus 37 If you’re researching climate change, you can ask: “What causes it? How does it affect oceans?” Books provide fewer useless things to look at than websites. This stops wasting time on unrelated things. Start with overviews (概述) Modern encyclopedias like World Book Encyclopedia give trustworthy (值得信赖的) summaries. 38 Their complete introductions help you know key information before you learn more. Check different sources Compare encyclopedia entries with books on that topic or expert writings. A study of dinosaurs might use information both from pictures in Encyclopedia of Life and expert writings. 39 Organize information Use apps to save online encyclopedia links (链接). For print forms, taking notes on pages helps a lot. 40 Mastering these steps makes research easier. As the famous saying goes, “Knowledge is power.” And encyclopedias hand you the first key. A．Here is how to use them wisely. B．They provide “big picture” views written by experts. C．Before opening any book, write down some questions. D．Using both ways can make things clear and research better. E．You should avoid using unreliable websites to protect your data. F．When you find information from different sources, you can see different views on the topic. 【答案】36．A 37．C 38．B 39．F 40．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何高效利用百科全书开展研究项目的四个步骤——明确焦点、概览入门、多方比对、信息整理。 【详解】36．根据首段“Encyclopedias are powerful tools... They can make looking for information easier.”可推知，下文应衔接使用指南。选项A“以下是如何明智使用它们的方法。”直接引出后文四个步骤，符合开篇逻辑，符合语境。故选A。 37．根据小标题“Know your focus”及后文“If you’re researching climate change, you can ask...”可推知，此处需强调“提问”动作。选项C“在打开书籍前先写下一些问题”与后文“ask”形成呼应，且“write down questions”是“明确焦点”的具体方法，选项C符合语境。故选C。 38．根据“Modern encyclopedias... give trustworthy summaries”及后文“Their complete introductions...”可推知，需补充百科全书的特点。选项B“它们提供专家撰写的‘全局视角’”与“summaries/introductions”形成递进，强调权威性，选项B符合语境。故选B。 39．根据小标题“Check different sources”及前文“Compare encyclopedia entries with books...”可推知，需说明多方比对的价值。选项F“当你从不同的来源获取信息时，你可以看到关于这个主题的不同观点。”与“compare”形成因果逻辑，突出研究全面性，符合语境。故选F。 40．根据前文“Use apps to save online... taking notes on pages helps”可推知，需总结两种方式的协同作用。选项D“同时使用这两种方法可以让事情更清晰，让研究更完善。”用“both ways”指代前文线上线下整理方法，契合段落收尾功能，符合语境。故选D。 三、项目情景(共两节,满分20分) 第一节 配对阅读(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分) 左栏是五个人希望了解的人物的信息，右栏是对七位名人的介绍，请为左栏的每个人选择一个最符合他们要求的介绍，并将其字母编号写在答题卡相应的位置上。其中两项是多余的。 41 Next term Jim will go to America to study. His favourite American writer is Mark Twain. He wants to know how his great books were written. 42 Tom likes playing basketball very much and he plays it very well. He is also a fan of NBA．He wants to know some famous basketball players in the history of NBA． 43 Lily is a lover of light music. She always listens to it. She thinks light music can make her relax. Her favourite musician is Mozart. She wants to know more information about him. 44 Tony has a great interest in space science. He is going to be an astronaut when he grows up. He wants to know some information about the astronauts who have walked on the moon. 45 Lucy shows an interest in American history. She knows there were many great people in American history. She wants to know about some American inventors best, because she thinks some of their inventions have changed the world. A．Mark Twain is one of the greatest American writers. His books are about American places, everyday language that Americans speak, memorable American characters. Most of all, they are full of humour (幽默). B．Mozart was born in 1756. He wrote much music. He was only 35 when he died, yet he composed (创作) more than 600 pieces of music. Many music lovers consider him as one of the greatest musicians in the world. C． Louis Armstrong was a US jazz trumpeter (小号手) and singer. In 1922, he joined King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band. In the following years he began recording under his own name. He became someone more than a jazz musician and he was an international star. D．American inventor Thomas Edison changed the way that people lived when he invented the first practical light bulb in the late 1800s. The light bulb was just one of his many inventions. E. Donald John Trump was born in New York City on 14th June, 1946. He was an American businessman and the 45th president of the United States. He is one of the richest people in the world. F. Abdul Jabbar is a US basketball player. He helped his teams to get six NBA titles. By the time he retired in 1989, he had created a record of scoring 38, 387. He was chosen as Most Valuable Player for six times. G. Neil Armstrong was a US astronaut. He became a pilot at the age of 16. He joined the space programme in 1962 with the second group of astronauts. On 20th July, 1969, he took the Apollo 11 into the space and became the first person to step onto the moon. 【答案】41．A 42．F 43．B 44．G 45．D 【导语】本文五个人希望了解的人物的信息，文章给出了七位名人的介绍，将他们进行匹配。 【详解】41．根据“His favourite American writer is Mark Twain.”可知，他最喜欢马克吐温。A选项中“Mark Twain is one of the greatest American writers.”马克吐温是美国最伟大的作家之一与之对应。故选A。 42．根据“Tom likes playing basketball very much”可知，汤姆喜欢打篮球。F选项中“Abdul Jabbar is a US basketball player.”Abdul Jabbar是美国篮球运动员与之对应。故选F。 43．根据“Lily is a lover of light music.”可知，Lily是一个轻音乐爱好者。B选项中“莫扎特出生于1756年。他写了许多音乐。许多音乐爱好者把他看做是世界上最伟大的音乐家之一。”与之对应。故选B。 44．根据“Tony has a great interest in space science.”可知，Tony对太空科技感兴趣。G选项中“阿姆斯特朗是一位美国宇航员。他于1962年加入太空项目，是世界第一位登上月球的人。”与之对应，故选G。 45．根据“Lucy shows...American inventors best,”可知，露西对美国历史感兴趣，她最想了解美国的发明家。D选项中“美国科学家爱迪生改变了人们生活的方式，当他在19世纪末发明了第一个可使用的灯泡。”与之对应。故选D。 第二节 任务型阅读(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分) 阅读短文，然后根据内容回答所提问题。 Dreams may make you smart. This was discovered by scientists who do research on dreams. What is a dream exactly? Scientists explain that during sleep time your brain reviews your experiences in the day. It tries to connect your new experiences with the old memories (记忆). As your brain connects things, it turns them into a story, and then you get a dream. Dreams may help you deal with worries and fears. What has happened during the day may be painful. While you are sleeping, however, the brain will replay the painful memories in a safe dream space. There the bad memories become less painful. And you will feel better after waking up. Dreams also seem to be able to help you learn. This idea is supported by a study. So scientists advise you not to stay up all night studying, especially when an exam is coming. They say a sweet dream might help you get higher marks. Dreams may make you more creative, too. It was reported that a famous song writer came up with his best song in a dream, and wrote it down as soon as he woke up. However, dreams alone can't bring about creativity. In fact, the songwriter spent a lot of time thinking about the song before the dream. In a word, hard work matters more for creativity, though dreams also have a role to play. 46．Who discovered that dreams may make you smart? 47．When does the brain review your experiences in the day? 48．Where does the brain replay the painful memories? 49．What might help you get higher marks according to the passage? 50．Which matters more for creativity, hard work or dreams? 【答案】46．Scientists who do research on dreams./Scientists. 47．During sleep time. 48．In a safe dream space. 49．A sweet dream. 50．Hard work. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要科普了一些做梦的知识，包括时间、地点、原因、好处。 【详解】46．根据“Dreams may make you smart. This was discovered by scientists who do research on dreams.”可知，是研究梦的科学家们发现梦可以让你聪明，故填Scientists who do research on dreams./Scientists. 47．根据“Scientists explain that during sleep time your brain reviews your experiences in the day.”可知，是睡觉的时候，你的大脑会回顾白天的经历，故填During sleep time. 48．根据“While you are sleeping, however, the brain will replay the painful memories in a safe dream space.”可知，回放痛苦的记忆是在一个安全的梦境空间里，故填In a safe dream space. 49．根据“They say a sweet dream might help you get higher marks.”可知，美梦可能帮助你得到更高的分数，故填A sweet dream. 50．根据“In a word, hard work matters more for creativity, though dreams also have a role to play.”可知，努力工作对创造力更重要，故填Hard work. 四、写作（共三节,满分30分） 第一节 语篇填词(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分) The Yongle Encyclopedia The Yongle Encyclopedia is a famous ancient Chinese encyclopedia. In the Ming Dynasty, the emperor wanted to c 51 a huge book to record all knowledge of that time. Scholars o 52 thousands of old books and materials, then put them in o 53 by topic. They followed strict and o 54 rules while editing, making sure each part was accurate. The encyclopedia has over 11,000 volumes, each filled with information about history, literature, science, and art. It not only r 55 ancient wisdom but also showed how people organized knowledge long ago. Though many books were lost, it remains an important record of Chinese culture. Even today, people study it to learn about the past! 【答案】51．(c)reate 52．(o)rganized 53．(o)rder 54．(o)riginal 55．(r)ecorded 【导语】本文主要介绍了《永乐大典》。 51．句意：在明朝，皇帝想要编撰一本巨著来记录当时所有的知识。根据“...a huge book to record all knowledge of that time.”可知，此处指“创作一本书”，create“创造”，不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填(c)reate。 52．句意：学者们整理了成千上万的旧书和资料，然后按主题排序。根据“thousands of old books”可知，此处指整理书籍，organize“整理，筹备”，本句时态为一般过去时，动词要用过去式。故填(o)rganized。 53．句意：学者们整理了成千上万的旧书和资料，然后按主题排序。根据“then put them in o... by topic.”可知，本题考查in order“有序地，整齐地”。故填(o)rder。 54. 句意：编纂书籍时他们遵循严谨且原始的规范，保证每一部分内容准确无误。根据 “strict and o... rules” 可知，此处需要形容词修饰名词 rules，original“原始的，原版的” 符合文意。故填 (o)riginal。 55．句意：它不仅记录了古代的智慧，也展示了很久以前人们是如何组织知识的。根据“It not only r... ancient wisdom”可知，本书记录了古人的智慧，本句时态为一般过去时，动词record“记录”要用过去式。故填(r)ecorded。 第二节 语法填空(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分) 根据短文内容，用所给单词的适当形式填空，未提供单词的根据上下文填入适当的词。 Lang Lang was born on June 14, 1982 in Shenyang, Liaoning Province. He is one of the world’s top musicians, famous for his 56 (intelligent) and passion for music. At two and a half, he fell in love with the piano after watching Tom and Jerry. He enjoyed 57 (play) his dad’s old piano and could play simple tunes by 58 (he). His father was 59 (complete) shocked and signed him up for piano lessons. At three, he studied piano with teacher Zhu Yafen. At five, he joined 60 competition and won first prize. Years later, he performed My Motherland at the White House, saying he picked the song because he loves China. Today he inspires many young people to learn classical music. 【答案】56．intelligence 57．playing 58．himself 59．completely 60．a 【导语】本文简短介绍钢琴家郎朗与音乐结缘、刻苦成长并激励年轻人的故事。 【详解】 56．句意：他是世界顶尖音乐家之一，因自身天赋与对音乐的热爱而出名。 形容词性物主代词 his 后接名词，括号内形容词 intelligent 的名词形式为 intelligence（天赋，才智），故填 intelligence。 57．句意：他喜欢弹奏父亲那架旧钢琴，还能独自弹奏简单的曲子。 固定搭配 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事，动词 play 需变为动名词 playing，故填 playing。 58．句意：他喜欢弹奏父亲那架旧钢琴，还能独自弹奏简单的曲子。 固定短语 by oneself 独自、靠自己；主语是 he，对应的反身代词为 himself，故填 himself。 59．句意：他的父亲十分震惊，给他报名上钢琴课。 空格修饰形容词 shocked，需要使用副词；形容词 complete 的副词形式是 completely（完全地，十分），故填 completely。 60．句意：五岁时，他参加一场比赛并斩获一等奖。 competition 是单数可数名词，此处表示泛指 “一场比赛”，单词以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词 a 修饰，故填 a。 第三节 书面表达(20分) 66．你校英文报新开设了“百科知识”栏目，请你写一篇英语短文介绍发明家爱迪生 (Edison)，向该栏目投稿。短文须包括以下要点： 简介 ①生卒年份1847-1931，美国著名发明家。 经历 ①出生在乡下；从小展现出聪明才智与创造性，却因为经常提奇怪问题而被迫退学 ②长大后自己学习各种事物 成就 ①1879年发明了实用的白炽灯 ②一生有一千多种发明 你的看法 ①他是20世纪最伟大的科学家之一 ②…… 参考词汇：创造性creativity，实用的practical 要求：①可在内容提示的基础上适当拓展信息； ②词数80左右 (文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数)； ③不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息。 An American Inventor—Edison Edison was ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 An American Inventor—Edison Edison was a famous American inventor born in 1847 and passed away in 1931. He was born in the countryside. As a little boy, he had amazing intelligence and creativity. However, he had to drop out of school for asking lots of strange questions. After that, he learned all kinds of knowledge by himself. He made plenty of great inventions. In 1879, he created the practical light bulb. In total, he owned more than one thousand inventions in his whole life. In my opinion, he is one of the greatest scientists of the 20th century. His spirit of never giving up encourages us to keep exploring new things. 【详解】 [总体分析] ①题材：人物介绍类英语投稿作文； ②时态：介绍生平经历使用一般过去时，评价观点使用一般现在时； ③提示：完整覆盖全部要点，合理拓展细节，词数控制在 100 词左右。 [写作步骤] 第一步，介绍爱迪生生卒、出生地与求学经历； 第二步，阐述他最重要的发明与终身成就； 第三步，抒发个人评价与感悟。 [亮点词汇] ①creativity n. 创造性 ②practical adj. 实用的 ③drop out of school 退学 ④learn…by himself 自学 [高分句型] As a little boy, he had amazing intelligence and creativity.（as 引导时间状语，简洁描写儿时特点） However, he had to drop out of school for asking lots of strange questions.（介词 for 引出原因，句式多样） In my opinion, he is one of the greatest scientists of the 20th century.（宾语从句，标准人物评价句型） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $