Unit 3 Period 4 Writing Workshop & Viewing Workshop & Reading Cub（分层作业）英语北师大版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 本同步练习通过A、B、C组及拓展分层设计，构建从词汇基础到语篇综合再到高考衔接的梯度化知识巩固路径，助力语言能力提升与思维品质培养。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A组巩固过关|核心词汇拼写与基础语法应用|单词汉译英、单句语法填空等基础题型，强化词汇记忆与语法规则| |B组能力进阶|语法综合运用与语篇理解|语法填空（结合沙漠化主题）、阅读理解（科技说明文），提升语境应用能力| |C组思维拔高|语篇逻辑与信息补全|七选五（长江禁渔生态话题），训练语篇衔接与逻辑推理| |拓展链接高考|高考真题实战|高考真题（微塑料研究），对接高考题型，强化应试能力|

Unit 3 Period 4 Writing Workshop & Viewing Workshop & Reading Cub 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 一、根据汉语提示写出英文单词 1. 论说文；散文 ________________ 2. 有机的，绿色的 ________________ 3. 包含，需要 ________________ 4. 残忍的 ________________ 5. 声称；断言 ________________ 6. 化学品 ________________ 7. 委员会 ________________ 8. 庙宇，寺院 ________________ 9. 景色优美的 ________________ 10. 农业的 ________________ 二、根据句意和汉语提示写出单词 1. Students are required to write an ________ (论说文) about environmental protection. 2. More and more people choose ________ (有机的) food for health. 3. The long‑term project will ________ (包含) plenty of outdoor research work. 4. It is ________ (残忍的) to pollute rivers and destroy wildlife’s home. 5. Some scientists ________ (声称) that natural disasters are linked to human activities. 6. The local ________ (委员会) will carry out new rules on waste treatment. 3、 单句语法填空 1. The report, ________ many experts have studied, shows the risk of harmful chemicals. 2. Organic farming is a method ________ helps to protect our soil and water. 3. Many farmers worry about the ________ (agriculture) damage caused by typhoons. 4. The natural disaster, ________ caused great losses, drew wide public attention. 5. The old temple is a place of great ________ (history) importance in this valley. 6. People built a monument as a ________ (memory) to those who lost their lives in the disaster. 参考答案 一、1.essay 2.organic 3.involve 4.cruel 5.claim 6.chemical 7.committee 8.temple 9.scenic 10.agricultural 二、1.essay 2.organic 3.involve 4.cruel 5.claim 6.committee 三、1.which 2.that/which 3.agricultural 4.which 5.historic/historical 6.memorial 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 例如，台风会给沿海地区带来巨大损失。 ________________________, typhoons can cause great damage to coastal areas. 2. 我们上周参观的那座古老寺庙已经有上千年历史。 The old temple ________________________ is over one thousand years old. 3. 最后，老师总结了本次环保活动的主要成果。 In the end, the teacher ________________________ the main results of the green activity. 4. 政府建立了一个研究院，它可以研究农业污染问题。 The government set up an institute ________________________ agricultural pollution problems. 5. 这个山谷里的风景优美的村庄吸引了大量游客。 The ________________________ in this valley has attracted thousands of visitors. 四、1.For instance 2.(that/which) we visited last week 3.summed up 4.that/which can research 5.scenic village. 五、语法填空 （25-26高二下·河南郑州·期末）China has made a great breakthrough in addressing desertification (沙漠化) while achieving significant economic benefits, and scientists in the country have taken on issues 1 in the past seemed to be very difficult to solve, according to foreign experts of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). For many decades, China 2 (implement) lots of advanced technologies to reduce soil erosion (水土流失) and sharing these methods globally. For example, the Three-North Shelter Forest Program, also referred to 3 the “Green Great Wall,” has successfully managed desertified land across 13 northern provinces. Over the past 50 years, 53% of its treatable desertified land has been successfully brought back to life, 4 (increase) its forest coverage rate to over 25%. This remarkable achievement not only helps to combat desertification but also improves the local ecological environment. 5 (restore) vegetation in dry areas, the country has developed a wide 6 (vary) of techniques, such as straw checkboard barriers, aerial seeding, and drone technology. These innovative methods have greatly enhanced the efficiency and effectiveness of desertification control. China officially joined the UNCCD in 7 year 1994 and has been honored twice for its outstanding contributions. When interviewed, foreign experts said they were impressed by the new technologies, including many AI-related land monitoring devices 8 advanced data analysis equipment. China’s efforts also include economic development in sandy regions through industries like traditional Chinese medicine and desert tourism. These 9 (initiative) support poverty alleviation and rural development. Chinese companies are also cooperating with other countries on renewable energy projects, 10 (far) contributing to global efforts against desertification. China’s success proves that desert control and economic development can coexist, offering hope for global ecological challenges. 【答案】 1．that/which 2．has been implementing 3．as 4．increasing 5．To restore 6．variety 7．the 8．and 9．initiatives 10．further 【导语】本文主要讲的是联合国防治荒漠化公约的外国专家的评价，讲述中国治理荒漠化取得重大突破，兼顾生态成效与经济效益，为全球治沙提供经验。 1．考查定语从句。句意：联合国防治荒漠化公约（UNCCD）的外国专家表示，中国在应对荒漠化方面取得了重大突破，同时实现了显著的经济效益，国内科学家也攻克了过去看似难以解决的问题。空格处引导限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词issues是物，因此用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：几十年来，中国一直采用多种先进技术以减少土壤侵蚀，并将这些方法分享给全球。由For many decades可知，句子用现在完成进行时表示从过去开始，持续到现在，且可能继续下去的动作，主语China是一个国家，空格处用has been implementing。 3．考查介词。句意：例如，“三北防护林工程”（又称“绿色长城”）已成功治理了13个北方省份的荒漠化土地。be referred to as意为“被称为”，空格处用介词as。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的50年中，该工程使53%的可治理荒漠化土地得以恢复生机，森林覆盖率提升至25%以上。句中谓语是has been successfully brought back to life，空格处用非谓语动词，此处用现在分词作状语，表结果。 5．考查不定式。句意：为恢复干旱地区的植被，该国发展了多种技术，例如秸秆方格屏障、空中播种和无人机技术。根据语境可知，此处表示“为恢复干旱地区的植被”，空格处用不定式表目的，位于句首的单词首字母大写。 6．考查名词。句意：为恢复干旱地区的植被，该国发展了多种技术，例如秸秆方格屏障、空中播种和无人机技术。a wide variety of表示“各种各样的”。 7．考查定冠词。句意：中国于1994年正式加入联合国防治荒漠化公约，并因卓越贡献两次获得表彰。此处用定冠词特指1994年那一年。 8．考查连词。句意：外国专家在采访中表示，他们对新技术印象深刻，包括多种与人工智能相关的土地监测设备和先进的数据分析设备。many AI-related land monitoring devices和advanced data analysis equipment是并列关系，句子是肯定句，用and表并列。 9．考查名词的复数。句意：这些举措支持减贫和农村发展。由These可知，空格处用复数。 10．考查副词。句意：中国企业也与其他国家在可再生能源项目上开展合作，进一步为全球防治荒漠化贡献力量。空格处用副词further修饰动词短语contributing to，further表示“更进一步”。 六、阅读理解 （25-26高二上·广东中山·阶段检测）Typical refrigeration (冷藏) systems transport heat away from a space via a fluid (流体) that absorbs heat as it turns into a gas, which is then transported through a closed tube and changed back into a liquid. Effective as this process is, some of the choice materials we use as refrigerants are particularly unfriendly to the environment. There is, however, more than one way a substance can be forced to take in and give out heat energy. The ionocaloric cycle, a method developed by researchers from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the University of California, Berkeley, takes advantage of the way that energy is stored or released when a material changes state. Raise the temperature on a block of ice and it’ll melt. What we might not see so easily is that melting absorbs heat from its surroundings, effectively cooling it. One way to force ice to melt without needing to turn up the heat is to add a few charged particles, or ions (离子). Putting salt on roads to prevent ice from forming is a common example of this in action. The ionocaloric cycle also uses salt to change a fluid’s state and cool its surroundings. The researchers modeled the theory of this cycle to show how it could potentially compete with, or even improve upon, the efficiency of refrigerants in use today. A current running through the system would move the ions in it, shifting the material’s melting point to change temperature. “There are three things we’re trying to balance: the GWP (global warming potential) of the refrigerant, energy efficiency, and the cost of the equipment itself,” said engineer Ravi Prasher from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. “From the first try, our data looks very promising on all three of these aspects.” The systems currently used in refrigeration processes rely on gases that have high GWP. Now, the researchers need to get the technology out of the lab and into practical systems that can be used commercially and that scale up without any issues. Eventually, these systems could be used for heating as well as cooling. Ongoing investigations are trying different salts to see which combinations might be most effective at drawing heat from a space. 1．How does the article introduce its topic in paragraph 1? A．By introducing the process of global warming. B．By showing the effectiveness of current process. C．By describing limitation of existing refrigeration. D．By inspiring actions of environmental protection. 2．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 3? A．How the ionocaloric cycle functions. B．Why salt can prevent road icing. C．What the chemical composition of ions is. D．What a more effective ice-melting method is. 3．What did Prasher think of the initial test result? A．It remains understudied. B．It proves unpredictable. C．It shows great potential. D．It needs more investment. 4．What can be inferred about the research in the last paragraph? A．Market sales have begun. B．Mass production is coming. C．Investigation has completed. D．Further Testing is necessary. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】文章介绍了传统制冷系统存在环保缺陷，介绍新型离子热循环制冷技术的工作原理、优势，同时说明该技术仍处在实验室阶段，有待进一步研发与商用落地。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Typical refrigeration (冷藏) systems transport heat away from a space via a fluid (流体) that absorbs heat as it turns into a gas, which is then transported through a closed tube and changed back into a liquid. Effective as this process is, some of the choice materials we use as refrigerants are particularly unfriendly to the environment. (传统冷藏系统通过一种流体把热量转移出空间：流体吸收热量变为气体，气体经由封闭管道输送，再重新变回液体。尽管这套流程十分有效，但我们选用的部分制冷剂材料对环境格外不友好。)”并结合全文可知，本段先介绍了传统冷藏系统的工作原理，紧接着转折指出这类系统所用的制冷剂很多都对环境极不友好，也就是点明现有制冷方式的缺陷，以此引出下文的新型制冷技术话题。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Raise the temperature on a block of ice and it’ll melt. What we might not see so easily is that melting absorbs heat from its surroundings, effectively cooling it. One way to force ice to melt without needing to turn up the heat is to add a few charged particles, or ions (离子). Putting salt on roads to prevent ice from forming is a common example of this in action. The ionocaloric cycle also uses salt to change a fluid’s state and cool its surroundings. (给一块冰块升温，冰就会融化。我们不易察觉的是：融化会从周围环境吸收热量，起到实际的降温效果。不用升温就能让冰融化的一种办法是加入带电粒子，也就是离子。道路上撒盐防止结冰，就是该原理的常见实例。离子热循环同样利用盐来改变流体的状态，进而冷却周边环境。)”可知，本段用冰融化吸热、撒盐融冰的常见例子，类比解释了离子热循环如何借助盐改变流体状态、实现周边降温的运行原理。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中普拉舍的原话“From the first try, our data looks very promising on all three of these aspects. (从第一次尝试来看，我们的数据在这三方面都前景可观。)”可知，他认为初始测试数据在三个核心指标上都展现出巨大潜力。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now, the researchers need to get the technology out of the lab and into practical systems that can be used commercially and that scale up without any issues. Eventually, these systems could be used for heating as well as cooling. Ongoing investigations are trying different salts to see which combinations might be most effective at drawing heat from a space. (现如今，研究人员需要把这项技术从实验室推向实际商用设备，实现无问题规模化应用。最终，这套系统既可以制冷，也可以用于供暖。研究还在测试不同盐类，探寻哪种组合吸热效果最佳。)”可知，研究者还需要把这项技术从实验室落地到可商用的实际系统，目前也正在测试不同盐类的组合效果，说明后续还需要更多测试优化。 七、七选五 （25-26高二下·四川雅安·期末）The Yangtze River, China’s longest waterway, has suffered from serious overfishing for decades. By 2020, fish populations had dropped to dangerously low levels, and some native species were on the edge of extinction. 1 The ban covered the main stream and key tributaries of the Yangtze and was set to last for ten years. 2 From 2021 to 2025, monitoring across the Yangtze basin recorded 351 native fish species — an increase of 43 species compared with surveys conducted before the ban. In 2025, the total fish stock in the river’s main stream recovered to roughly twice the level observed before the fishing prohibition. But how did China achieve this? The ban was just the beginning. A network of law enforcement teams was established along the river to fight illegal fishing. 3 Compared with 2021, the number of administrative cases involving illegal fishing dropped by 65 percent, while criminal cases related to fisheries fell by nearly 40 percent. Of course, a ban of this scale also means asking people to give up their livelihoods. More than 230,000 fishermen had to quit fishing activities. The government did not simply leave them behind. 4 About 141,000 of them found other jobs, while 220,000 were covered by pension insurance programs. Those in financial difficulty received temporary assistance. In 2026, the ministry released a new action plan to deepen the conservation efforts. The plan includes restoring wetlands, expanding habitats for species such as the Yangtze finless porpoise, and carrying out large-scale release programs for endangered fish. 5 A．Many local fishermen were strongly against the ban at first. B．Instead, it provided all kinds of support to help them start new lives. C．These actions helped cut illegal fishing sharply within just a few years. D．However, the ban alone would not have worked without strict enforcement. E．In response, the Chinese government introduced a 10-year fishing ban in 2021. F．What followed was a recovery that exceeded even the most optimistic forecasts. G．These efforts show environmental protection and human well-being can go hand in hand. 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．C 4．B 5．G 【导语】文章主要介绍长江因过度捕捞生态恶化，我国实施十年禁渔政策，通过执法管控、安置渔民及生态治理，实现鱼类资源恢复的成果。 1．上文“By 2020, fish populations had dropped to dangerously low levels, and some native species were on the edge of extinction.(到2020年，鱼类数量已降至危险的低位，部分本土物种濒临灭绝)”介绍长江渔业生态的严峻现状，E选项“In response, the Chinese government introduced a 10-year fishing ban in 2021.(作为应对，中国政府于2021年实施了为期十年的禁渔令)”承接上文危机，引出后文的禁渔举措，同时与下文“The ban covered the main stream and key tributaries of the Yangtze and was set to last for ten years.(该禁令覆盖长江干流及主要支流，为期十年)”呼应，上下文语意连贯。 2．下文“From 2021 to 2025, monitoring across the Yangtze basin recorded 351 native fish species — an increase of 43 species compared with surveys conducted before the ban.(2021至2025年，长江流域监测到351种本土鱼类，较禁渔前新增43种)”具体列举鱼类数量、种类回升的喜人成果，F选项“What followed was a recovery that exceeded even the most optimistic forecasts.(随之而来的生态恢复，甚至超出了最乐观的预期)”总起本段，概括禁渔后的生态恢复成效，与后文数据论证紧密衔接。 3．上文“A network of law enforcement teams was established along the river to fight illegal fishing.(长江沿岸组建了执法队伍网络，打击非法捕捞)”介绍具体的执法管控措施，C选项“These actions helped cut illegal fishing sharply within just a few years.(这些举措在短短数年内大幅减少了非法捕捞行为)”中的“These actions”指代上文执法举措，承接上文；下文“Compared with 2021, the number of administrative cases involving illegal fishing dropped by 65 percent, while criminal cases related to fisheries fell by nearly 40 percent.(与2021年相比，非法捕捞行政案件下降65%，渔业刑事案件下降近40%)”用数据印证该举措的成效，上下文衔接紧密。 4．上文“The government did not simply leave them behind.(政府并未对渔民置之不理)”说明政府不放弃退捕渔民，B选项“Instead, it provided all kinds of support to help them start new lives.(相反，政府提供各类帮扶，助力他们开启新生活)”承接上文，转折引出政府的帮扶政策；下文“About 141,000 of them found other jobs, while 220,000 were covered by pension insurance programs.(约14.1万渔民实现再就业，22万渔民纳入养老保险体系)”具体列举帮扶措施，前后逻辑连贯。 5．上文“The plan includes restoring wetlands, expanding habitats... and carrying out large-scale release programs for endangered fish.(新计划包括修复湿地、拓展江豚栖息地、开展濒危鱼类增殖放流等生态保护举措)”介绍新一轮生态保护行动，G选项“These efforts show environmental protection and human well-being can go hand in hand.(这些举措表明生态保护与民生福祉可以相辅相成)”总结全文，升华主旨，对前文所有禁渔、执法、民生帮扶、生态修复等举措进行收尾概括。 （2025·全国一卷·高考真题）Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 1．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By quoting an expert. B．By defining a concept. C．By giving examples. D．By providing statistics. 2．What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A．The hardness of water. B．The length of cooling time. C．The frequency of filtering. D．The type of plastic in water. 3．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A．The importance of plastic recycling. B．The severity of the microplastic problem. C．The danger in overusing pure water. D．The difficulty in treating polluted water. 4．What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A．Choice of new research methods. B．Possible direction for further study. C．Need to involve more researchers. D．Potential application of the findings. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. (微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类体内)”可推知，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. (至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来截留塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量)”可知，决定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly diffcult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. (尽管如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” (苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志：“他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被截留的方式很不错。”“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，以便它们能去除微塑料”)”可推知，Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用，即升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Period 4 Writing Workshop & Viewing Workshop & Reading Cub 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 一、根据汉语提示写出英文单词 1. 论说文；散文 ________________ 2. 有机的，绿色的 ________________ 3. 包含，需要 ________________ 4. 残忍的 ________________ 5. 声称；断言 ________________ 6. 化学品 ________________ 7. 委员会 ________________ 8. 庙宇，寺院 ________________ 9. 景色优美的 ________________ 10. 农业的 ________________ 二、根据句意和汉语提示写出单词 1. Students are required to write an ________ (论说文) about environmental protection. 2. More and more people choose ________ (有机的) food for health. 3. The long‑term project will ________ (包含) plenty of outdoor research work. 4. It is ________ (残忍的) to pollute rivers and destroy wildlife’s home. 5. Some scientists ________ (声称) that natural disasters are linked to human activities. 6. The local ________ (委员会) will carry out new rules on waste treatment. 3、 单句语法填空 1. The report, ________ many experts have studied, shows the risk of harmful chemicals. 2. Organic farming is a method ________ helps to protect our soil and water. 3. Many farmers worry about the ________ (agriculture) damage caused by typhoons. 4. The natural disaster, ________ caused great losses, drew wide public attention. 5. The old temple is a place of great ________ (history) importance in this valley. 6. People built a monument as a ________ (memory) to those who lost their lives in the disaster. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 例如，台风会给沿海地区带来巨大损失。 ________________________, typhoons can cause great damage to coastal areas. 2. 我们上周参观的那座古老寺庙已经有上千年历史。 The old temple ________________________ is over one thousand years old. 3. 最后，老师总结了本次环保活动的主要成果。 In the end, the teacher ________________________ the main results of the green activity. 4. 政府建立了一个研究院，它可以研究农业污染问题。 The government set up an institute ________________________ agricultural pollution problems. 5. 这个山谷里的风景优美的村庄吸引了大量游客。 The ________________________ in this valley has attracted thousands of visitors. 五、语法填空 （25-26高二下·河南郑州·期末）China has made a great breakthrough in addressing desertification (沙漠化) while achieving significant economic benefits, and scientists in the country have taken on issues 1 in the past seemed to be very difficult to solve, according to foreign experts of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). For many decades, China 2 (implement) lots of advanced technologies to reduce soil erosion (水土流失) and sharing these methods globally. For example, the Three-North Shelter Forest Program, also referred to 3 the “Green Great Wall,” has successfully managed desertified land across 13 northern provinces. Over the past 50 years, 53% of its treatable desertified land has been successfully brought back to life, 4 (increase) its forest coverage rate to over 25%. This remarkable achievement not only helps to combat desertification but also improves the local ecological environment. 5 (restore) vegetation in dry areas, the country has developed a wide 6 (vary) of techniques, such as straw checkboard barriers, aerial seeding, and drone technology. These innovative methods have greatly enhanced the efficiency and effectiveness of desertification control. China officially joined the UNCCD in 7 year 1994 and has been honored twice for its outstanding contributions. When interviewed, foreign experts said they were impressed by the new technologies, including many AI-related land monitoring devices 8 advanced data analysis equipment. China’s efforts also include economic development in sandy regions through industries like traditional Chinese medicine and desert tourism. These 9 (initiative) support poverty alleviation and rural development. Chinese companies are also cooperating with other countries on renewable energy projects, 10 (far) contributing to global efforts against desertification. China’s success proves that desert control and economic development can coexist, offering hope for global ecological challenges. 六、阅读理解 （25-26高二上·广东中山·阶段检测）Typical refrigeration (冷藏) systems transport heat away from a space via a fluid (流体) that absorbs heat as it turns into a gas, which is then transported through a closed tube and changed back into a liquid. Effective as this process is, some of the choice materials we use as refrigerants are particularly unfriendly to the environment. There is, however, more than one way a substance can be forced to take in and give out heat energy. The ionocaloric cycle, a method developed by researchers from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the University of California, Berkeley, takes advantage of the way that energy is stored or released when a material changes state. Raise the temperature on a block of ice and it’ll melt. What we might not see so easily is that melting absorbs heat from its surroundings, effectively cooling it. One way to force ice to melt without needing to turn up the heat is to add a few charged particles, or ions (离子). Putting salt on roads to prevent ice from forming is a common example of this in action. The ionocaloric cycle also uses salt to change a fluid’s state and cool its surroundings. The researchers modeled the theory of this cycle to show how it could potentially compete with, or even improve upon, the efficiency of refrigerants in use today. A current running through the system would move the ions in it, shifting the material’s melting point to change temperature. “There are three things we’re trying to balance: the GWP (global warming potential) of the refrigerant, energy efficiency, and the cost of the equipment itself,” said engineer Ravi Prasher from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. “From the first try, our data looks very promising on all three of these aspects.” The systems currently used in refrigeration processes rely on gases that have high GWP. Now, the researchers need to get the technology out of the lab and into practical systems that can be used commercially and that scale up without any issues. Eventually, these systems could be used for heating as well as cooling. Ongoing investigations are trying different salts to see which combinations might be most effective at drawing heat from a space. 1．How does the article introduce its topic in paragraph 1? A．By introducing the process of global warming. B．By showing the effectiveness of current process. C．By describing limitation of existing refrigeration. D．By inspiring actions of environmental protection. 2．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 3? A．How the ionocaloric cycle functions. B．Why salt can prevent road icing. C．What the chemical composition of ions is. D．What a more effective ice-melting method is. 3．What did Prasher think of the initial test result? A．It remains understudied. B．It proves unpredictable. C．It shows great potential. D．It needs more investment. 4．What can be inferred about the research in the last paragraph? A．Market sales have begun. B．Mass production is coming. C．Investigation has completed. D．Further Testing is necessary. 七、七选五 （25-26高二下·四川雅安·期末）The Yangtze River, China’s longest waterway, has suffered from serious overfishing for decades. By 2020, fish populations had dropped to dangerously low levels, and some native species were on the edge of extinction. 1 The ban covered the main stream and key tributaries of the Yangtze and was set to last for ten years. 2 From 2021 to 2025, monitoring across the Yangtze basin recorded 351 native fish species — an increase of 43 species compared with surveys conducted before the ban. In 2025, the total fish stock in the river’s main stream recovered to roughly twice the level observed before the fishing prohibition. But how did China achieve this? The ban was just the beginning. A network of law enforcement teams was established along the river to fight illegal fishing. 3 Compared with 2021, the number of administrative cases involving illegal fishing dropped by 65 percent, while criminal cases related to fisheries fell by nearly 40 percent. Of course, a ban of this scale also means asking people to give up their livelihoods. More than 230,000 fishermen had to quit fishing activities. The government did not simply leave them behind. 4 About 141,000 of them found other jobs, while 220,000 were covered by pension insurance programs. Those in financial difficulty received temporary assistance. In 2026, the ministry released a new action plan to deepen the conservation efforts. The plan includes restoring wetlands, expanding habitats for species such as the Yangtze finless porpoise, and carrying out large-scale release programs for endangered fish. 5 A．Many local fishermen were strongly against the ban at first. B．Instead, it provided all kinds of support to help them start new lives. C．These actions helped cut illegal fishing sharply within just a few years. D．However, the ban alone would not have worked without strict enforcement. E．In response, the Chinese government introduced a 10-year fishing ban in 2021. F．What followed was a recovery that exceeded even the most optimistic forecasts. G．These efforts show environmental protection and human well-being can go hand in hand. （2025·全国一卷·高考真题）Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 1．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By quoting an expert. B．By defining a concept. C．By giving examples. D．By providing statistics. 2．What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A．The hardness of water. B．The length of cooling time. C．The frequency of filtering. D．The type of plastic in water. 3．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A．The importance of plastic recycling. B．The severity of the microplastic problem. C．The danger in overusing pure water. D．The difficulty in treating polluted water. 4．What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A．Choice of new research methods. B．Possible direction for further study. C．Need to involve more researchers. D．Potential application of the findings. 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $