第一次月考复习之阅读理解说明文15篇（江苏专用）-2026-2027学年高一英语必修第一册（译林版）

**基本信息** 精选15篇说明文，涵盖科技前沿（如AI解读楔形文字）、社会热点（如火箭发射与臭氧层）、文化传承（如英美文化）等主题，通过多样化情境提升学生语言理解与思维分析能力。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解选择题|60题|细节理解（如Passage 1学生考前担忧内容）、推理判断（如Passage 4火箭排放影响）、主旨大意（如Passage 6英国人遛狗文化）|情境具时代性，科技类文章（如“牙植眼”手术）展现前沿进展；问题设计有层次，从基础信息提取到深层逻辑分析，如Passage 7借亲子沟通案例考查思维品质|

第一次月考复习之阅读理解说明文15篇 （江苏专用） 篇目 核心主题 文章主线 Passage 1 考前焦虑缓解研究 科研人员实验证明考前写下内心担忧，可以有效缓解考试焦虑，提升考生成绩 Passage 2 AI 解读楔形文字 一款基于 3D 模型的人工智能软件，成功解读风化严重的古老楔形文字石板，助力古文字研究 Passage 3 蚊子的危害与防治 蚊子是致死人数最多的小型动物，介绍蚊子传播疾病的危害以及现有防治手段的优缺点 Passage 4 火箭发射威胁臭氧层 近年全球火箭发射数量激增，火箭排放污染物会逐步损耗本就处于恢复期的臭氧层，呼吁出台监管政策 Passage 5 美国返校节文化 介绍美国高中、大学一年一度返校节 Homecoming 的各项传统活动、评选规则以及庆祝流程 Passage 6 英国人遛狗文化解析 英国人热爱遛狗背后有着多重原因：散步习惯、社交契机、贵族文化传承，同时也存在知行不一的现象 Passage 7 亲子之间的有效沟通 沟通是化解亲子矛盾的关键，双向倾听、主动关心他人感受能够有效解决家庭冲突 Passage 8 噪音污染危害人体健康 长期暴露于高分贝噪音之下，会诱发心脏病、糖尿病、心理焦虑等多种疾病，需要政策管控噪音污染 Passage 9 数字通信对语言的影响 数字时代催生网络新词、非正式表达方式；AI 翻译带来便利，但也引发语言多样性缺失等问题 Passage 10 运动促进学业表现 科学研究证实有氧运动能够激活大脑海马区，改善记忆力、情绪与睡眠，从而提升学生学习成绩 Passage 11 书写减压缓解考试焦虑 复刻考前书写减压实验，再次验证书写焦虑情绪能够改善焦虑考生的应试表现 Passage 12 建筑使用者行为影响能耗 降低碳排放不能只依靠建筑技术革新，居民改变自身能源使用习惯、开展节能教育同样至关重要 Passage 13 印尼野生鸣禽保护困境 爪哇岛捕鸟猎人转型成为鸟类保护向导；当地养鸟传统文化与野生动物保护之间存在矛盾，需要全民参与保护 Passage 14 青少年心理健康隐形风险群体 研究发现大量刷媒体、睡眠不足、久坐不动的青少年，抑郁患病风险极高，却常常被家长老师忽视 Passage 15 “牙植眼” 手术治疗失明 介绍加拿大首例分两阶段实施的牙移植眼部手术，借助患者自身牙齿制作眼部植入物恢复视力，该技术已有五十余年历史 Passage 1 Some students get so nervous before a test. They do poorly even if they know the material. Sian Beilock, a professor at the University of Chicago in Illinois, has studied these highly anxious test-takers. The students start worrying about the results. And when we worry, it actually uses up attention and memory resources (资源). Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test. The researchers tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students. They gave them two short maths tests. After the first one, they asked the students to either sit quietly or write about their feelings about the upcoming second test. Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of 12% worse on the second test. But the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of 5%. Next, the researchers used younger students in a biology class. They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated to the test. Professor Beilock says highly anxious students who did the writing got an average grade of B+, compared to a B- for those who did not. “What we showed is that for students who are highly test-anxious, and who’d done our writing intervention (干预), all of a sudden there was no relationship between test anxiety and grades. They were performing just as well as their classmates who don’t normally get nervous in these tests.” But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam? Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home or in the library and still improve their performance. 1．What may the students start worrying about before an exam? A．What other students do during the test. B．Whether they can pass the exams. C．Whether they have remembered the materials. D．What kind of problems they will meet on the test paper. 2．What is the solution developed by the two researchers? A．Asking the students to think nothing of the test. B．Asking the students to focus on the test. C．Asking the students to write about their worries before the test. D．Asking the students to sit quietly before the test. 3．According to Professor Beilock, those who thought about things unrelated to the test ________. A．became less nervous before the test B．were better at controlling their feelings C．did better than those who took two tests D．did worse than those who wrote about their feelings 4．What can be learned from the last paragraph? A．Writing about worries before an exam can work a bit. B．Studying in the library can improve students’ performance. C．It doesn’t matter where to write about worries before an exam. D．Students can only write about worries right before an exam. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍缓解学生考前焦虑的方法及相关研究验证其有效性的过程。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The students start worrying about the results.(学生们开始担心考试结果)”可知，学生考前担忧的是考试结果，也就是自己能否通过考试。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test.(贝洛克教授和另一位研究员杰拉多・拉米雷斯研发了一个可行的解决办法。在考试前夕，高度焦虑的考生花十分钟写下自己对这场考试的担忧)”可知，两位研究者提出的解决办法是让考前焦虑的学生写下自己的担忧。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Professor Beilock says highly anxious students who did the writing got an average grade of B+, compared to a B- for those who did not. They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated to the test.(贝洛克教授表示，高度焦虑且写下自身感受的学生平均成绩为 B+，而未写的学生平均成绩为 B-。研究员在期末考试前告知学生，要么写下自己的感受，要么去想和考试无关的事情)”可知，想和考试无关事情的学生，成绩要比写下担忧的学生差。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam? Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home or in the library and still improve their performance.(但如果学生在临考前没有机会写下自己的担忧该怎么办？贝洛克教授表示，学生可以在家或图书馆自行尝试这个方法，依然能提升考试表现)”可知，考前写下担忧的地点并不影响效果。故选C项。 Passage 2 An artificial intelligence (AI) software has been developed that can interpret hard-to-read texts on cuneiform tablets. It was created by a team from Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and Mainz University of Applied Sciences. Unlike previous methods that relied on photographs, the researchers used 3D models of nearly 2,000 cuneiform tablets — about 50 of which were from a collection at MLU — achieving significantly more reliable results. According to Hubert Mara, an assistant professor at MLU, approximately one million cuneiform tablets still exist worldwide, but many are heavily weathered and therefore difficult to decipher. His lab proposed the idea of developing an AI system based on 3D models. This new system interprets characters more effectively than earlier approaches. In principle, the AI operates similarly to Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software, which converts images of writing into machine-readable text. “OCR typically uses photographs, which works well for ink on paper. However, with cuneiform tablets, it's more challenging because lighting conditions greatly affect how well certain characters can be identified,” explains Ernst Stötzer from MLU. The team trained the new AI software, which successfully recognized the symbols on the tablets. “We were surprised that our system performed so well, even on heavily weathered tablets,” says Stötzer. The researchers’ work represents a major step forward in the study of ancient writing systems and opens up many new avenues for scientific exploration. Currently, the software can translate symbols from two languages, but there are a total of twelve known cuneiform languages. In the future, the software could also help decipher other weathered inscriptions, which, like cuneiform, are three-dimensional. 1．What is the purpose of the new AI system? A．To create 3D models for damaged cuneiform tablets. B．To discover cuneiform tablets all over the world. C．To read symbols on cuneiform tablets. D．To date different cuneiform tablets. 2．What makes the new AI system different from previous methods? A．It is based on 3D models. B．It uses a set of OCR software. C．It can recognize computer texts. D．It includes twelve cuneiform languages. 3．What impressed Stötzer during the research? A．The long history of cuneiform tablets. B．The effectiveness of the new AI system. C．The influence of ancient writing systems. D．The difficulty of protecting weathered inscriptions. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward the new AI system? A．Indifferent. B．Objective. C．Curious. D．Positive. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了一种新的AI系统，其通过3D模型解读风化楔形文字，比传统照片方法更可靠，已成功识别两种语言符号，未来有望应用于更多古代文字研究。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“An artificial intelligence (AI) software has been developed that can interpret hard-to-read texts on cuneiform tablets.(一种人工智能（AI）软件已经研发完成，能够解读楔形文字石板上难以辨认的文字内容)”可知，新的AI系统的目的是为了解读楔形文字碑上的符号。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Unlike previous methods that relied on photographs, the researchers used 3D models of nearly 2,000 cuneiform tablets — about 50 of which were from a collection at MLU — achieving significantly more reliable results.(与以往依赖照片的方法不同，研究人员使用了近 2000 块楔形文字石板的3D模型——其中约 50 块来自哈勒大学的藏品——从而获得了更为可靠的结果)”可知，新的系统与之前的方法不同之处在于它基于3D模型创建。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段““We were surprised that our system performed so well, even on heavily weathered tablets,” says Stötzer.(“我们很惊讶我们的系统表现得如此出色，即使是在严重风化的石板上也是如此，”Stötzer说道)”可知，Stötzer印象深刻的是新的人工智能系统表现性能的优越，即，系统的有效性。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Currently, the software can translate symbols from two languages, but there are a total of twelve known cuneiform languages. In the future, the software could also help decipher other weathered inscriptions, which, like cuneiform, are three-dimensional.(目前，该软件能够将两种语言的符号进行转换，但已知的楔形文字语言共有十二种。未来，该软件还能够帮助解读其他因风化而受损的铭文，这些铭文与楔形文字一样，也是三维的)”可知，作者认为未来该软件还能够帮助解读其他因风化而受损的铭文，所以，对该系统持有积极的态度。故选D。 Passage 3 When we are young, we learn that tigers and sharks are dangerous animals. We might be scared of them because they are big and powerful. As we get older, however, we learn that sometimes the most dangerous animals are also the smallest animals. In fact, the animal that kills the most people is one that you are familiar with: the mosquito (蚊子). While it may seem that all mosquitoes are biters, this is not actually the case. Male mosquitoes eat plant nectar. On the other hand, female mosquitoes feed on animal blood. When a female mosquito bites a human being, it transmits (传播) saliva into the blood. This saliva may or may not contain a deadly disease. The result of the bite can be minor or as serious as death. Because a mosquito can bite many people in its life, it can carry deadly diseases from one person to another very easily. More than 700 million people become sick from these diseases every year. At least 2 million of these people will die from these diseases. In some households, mosquito nets are placed over beds to protect people against being bitten. Mosquitoes have many natural enemies like bats, birds, dragonflies, and certain kinds of fish. Bringing more of these animals into places where mosquitoes live might help to cut down the number of mosquitoes in that area. This is a natural solution, but it does not always work very well. Mosquitoes can also be killed with poisons or sprays. But these sprays may also harm other plants or animals. Although mosquitoes may not seem as scary as larger, more powerful animals, they are far more dangerous to human beings. But things are changing. It is highly likely that one day scientists will find a way to keep everyone safe from mosquitoes and the diseases they carry. 1．Why does the passage mention dangerous animals like tigers and sharks? A．To compare different animals. B．To lead into the topic about mosquitoes. C．To show how dangerous tigers and sharks are. D．To show people’s misunderstanding of dangerous animals. 2．What can we learn about mosquitoes? A．Female mosquitoes might transmit diseases to humans. B．The saliva of female mosquitoes contains deadly diseases. C．Male mosquitoes and female mosquitoes have the same eating habits. D．More than 700 million people die from the diseases carried by the mosquitoes. 3．What’s paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Scientists are making efforts to kill mosquitoes. B．Some useful measures are taken to kill mosquitoes. C．There is no perfect solution to the mosquito problem. D．Mosquitoes’ natural enemies could protect human beings. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of solving the mosquito problem? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Unclear. D．Negative. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了蚊子对人类的危害以及目前采取的一些灭蚊措施，并表达了对未来解决蚊子问题的乐观态度。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“When we are young, we learn that tigers and sharks are dangerous animals. We might be scared of them because they are big and powerful. As we get older, however, we learn that sometimes the most dangerous animals are also the smallest animals. In fact, the animal that kills the most people is one that you are familiar with: the mosquito (蚊子). (我们小时候就知道老虎和鲨鱼是危险的动物。我们可能会害怕它们，因为它们体型庞大且力量强大。然而，随着我们长大，我们了解到有时候最危险的动物也是体型最小的动物。事实上，导致最多人死亡的动物是一种你很熟悉的动物：蚊子)”可推知，文章提到像老虎和鲨鱼这样的危险动物是为了引出关于蚊子的话题。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When a female mosquito bites a human being, it transmits (传播) saliva into the blood. This saliva may or may not contain a deadly disease. The result of the bite can be minor or as serious as death. (当雌性蚊子叮咬人类时，它会将唾液注入血液中。这种唾液可能含有致命疾病，也可能不含。叮咬的后果可能很轻微，也可能严重到导致死亡)”可知，雌蚊子可能会将疾病传播给人类。故选A项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“In some households, mosquito nets are placed over beds to protect people against being bitten. Mosquitoes have many natural enemies like bats, birds, dragonflies, and certain kinds of fish. Bringing more of these animals into places where mosquitoes live might help to cut down the number of mosquitoes in that area. This is a natural solution, but it does not always work very well. Mosquitoes can also be killed with poisons or sprays. But these sprays may also harm other plants or animals. (在一些家庭中，人们会在床上方挂上蚊帐，以防止被蚊子叮咬。蚊子有许多天敌，比如蝙蝠、鸟类、蜻蜓以及某些种类的鱼。让更多这类动物进入蚊子栖息的地方，或许有助于减少该区域的蚊子数量。这是一种自然的解决办法，但并非总能起到很好的效果。也可以用毒药或喷雾剂杀死蚊子，不过这些喷雾剂可能也会对其他植物或动物造成伤害)”可知，第四段主要介绍了人们采取的一些防治蚊子的措施，以及这些措施存在的不足，即没有完美的解决蚊子问题的方案。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But things are changing. It is highly likely that one day scientists will find a way to keep everyone safe from mosquitoes and the diseases they carry. (但情况正在发生改变。科学家们很有可能在某一天找到一种方法，让所有人都能免受蚊子及其携带的疾病的侵害)”可推知，作者对解决蚊子问题的未来持积极乐观态度。故选B项。 Passage 4 In recent years, the sharp increase in global rocket launches has transformed the sky, fueled by the rapid growth of the space industry. This creates major opportunities but also raises environmental challenges. Pollutants released during rocket launches and re-entry are left in the middle atmosphere, where they can damage the ozone layer (臭氧层) which protects Earth against harmful ultraviolet radiation. Investigations into how rocket emissions (排放) affect ozone began more than three decades ago, but for many years the impact was considered minimal. As the frequency of launches continues to rise, this view is shifting. In 2019, only 97 orbital launches were recorded worldwide, but by 2024, the figure had climbed to 258, with projections pointing to continued rapid growth. Unlike ground-level pollutants, emissions from rockets and re-entering satellites can stay in the middle and upper atmosphere up to 100 times longer, since removal processes such as precipitation do not occur at those heights. While most launches take place in the Northern Hemisphere, the atmospheric flow eventually distributes the pollutants globally. Recently, researchers from ETH Zurich and the Physical Meteorological Observatory in Davos, in cooperation with Laura Revell’s international team at the University of Canterbury, used a chemistry-climate model to see how future emissions might impact the ozone layer by 2030. With 2,040 annual launches by 2030 — roughly eight times the 2024 total — the model predicts that global average ozone thickness would decrease by nearly 0.3%. Seasonal losses could reach as much as 4% over Antarctica, where the ozone hole continues to reappear each spring. While these reductions may appear small, the context is critical. The ozone layer is still recovering from the earlier loss caused by long-lived chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which were banned under the 1989 Montreal Protocol. Even today, global ozone thickness remains about 2% below pre-industrial levels, and the full recovery is not expected until around 2066. But we believe a launch industry that avoids ozone-damaging effects is entirely possible: Monitoring rocket emissions and carrying out necessary and appropriate regulations are all key to ensuring that the ozone layer continues its recovery. This requires scientists, policymakers, and industry to work together. 1．What is the current view on rocket emissions? A．Their impact will become severe. B．Their distribution is location-limited. C．They will decrease at a faster speed. D．They can be removed by precipitation. 2．Why was the recent research on rocket emissions conducted? A．To seek potential solutions. B．To look into their future effect. C．To address climate change challenges. D．To figure out the leading contributors. 3．What is the function of paragraph 6? A．To show protecting the ozone layer is possible. B．To indicate the dark future of the space industry. C．To argue that the model predictions are worrying. D．To set standards for global average ozone thickness. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Global Rocket Launches Are Rocketing B．Can the Ozone Layer Still Protect Earth? C．Rockets Could Eat Away at the Ozone Layer D．Can Ozone-damaging Effects Be Avoided? 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了全球火箭发射数量激增对臭氧层造成的渐进性破坏。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Investigations into how rocket emissions (排放) affect ozone began more than three decades ago, but for many years the impact was considered minimal. As the frequency of launches continues to rise, this view is shifting.(关于火箭排放物对臭氧影响的研究始于三十多年前，但多年来人们一直认为这种影响微乎其微。然而，随着发射活动的频率不断增加，这种观点正在发生转变。)”可知，人们现在认为火箭排放物对臭氧的影响会随着火箭发射频率的增加而变得严重。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Recently, researchers from ETH Zurich and the Physical Meteorological Observatory in Davos, in cooperation with Laura Revell’s international team at the University of Canterbury, used a chemistry-climate model to see how future emissions might impact the ozone layer by 2030.(最近，来自苏黎世联邦理工学院和达沃斯物理气象观测站的研究人员，与坎特伯雷大学劳拉·雷维尔的国际团队合作，利用化学气候模型来研究未来排放量到2030年时会对臭氧层产生何种影响。)”可知，近期对火箭排放的研究是为了研究它们未来对臭氧层的影响。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“the model predicts that global average ozone thickness would decrease by nearly 0.3%. Seasonal losses could reach as much as 4% over Antarctica, where the ozone hole continues to reappear each spring.(该模型预测，全球平均臭氧层厚度将减少约 0.3%。在南极洲，季节性臭氧损耗可能高达4%，在那里，臭氧空洞每年春季都会再度出现。)”和第六段“While these reductions may appear small, the context is critical.(虽然这些降幅看起来不大，但其背后的背景情况却非常重要。)”可知，第六段指出了模型预测的背景非常重要；结合第六段“The ozone layer is still recovering from the earlier loss caused by long-lived chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which were banned under the 1989 Montreal Protocol. Even today, global ozone thickness remains about 2% below pre-industrial levels, and the full recovery is not expected until around 2066.(臭氧层仍在从早期由持久性氯氟烃（CFC）造成的损耗中恢复当中，这些物质是在1989年的《蒙特利尔议定书》中被禁止使用的。即便到了今天，全球臭氧层的厚度仍比工业化前水平低约2%，而其完全恢复预计要到 2066 年左右。)”可知，其背景是臭氧层本身仍在恢复中，非常脆弱，并且预计要到2066年才能完全恢复，说明该模型预测是令人担忧的。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Pollutants released during rocket launches and re-entry are left in the middle atmosphere, where they can damage the ozone layer (臭氧层) which protects Earth against harmful ultraviolet radiation.(火箭发射和返回过程中释放的污染物会留在中间大气层中，在那里它们会损害保护地球免受有害的紫外线辐射的臭氧层。)”和第五段“the model predicts that global average ozone thickness would decrease by nearly 0.3%. Seasonal losses could reach as much as 4% over Antarctica, where the ozone hole continues to reappear each spring.(该模型预测，全球平均臭氧层厚度将减少约0.3%。在南极洲，季节性臭氧损耗可能高达4%，在那里，臭氧空洞每年春季都会再度出现。)”及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了火箭发射激增对臭氧层的渐进性破坏。因此C项“火箭可能会侵蚀臭氧层”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C。 Passage 5 In the USA, many high schools and some colleges and universities have a special celebration (庆典) once a year called Homecoming. Former students and teachers come back to the school to enjoy the memories of their time there and the many Homecoming activities. Homecoming might last for only one day or for several days, even one week. High schools usually choose one boy and one girl from the senior class to be the “Homecoming King” and “Homecoming Queen”: The students usually choose a boy and a girl who have done a lot for the school. Most schools have a Homecoming parade (游行). The school band will often lead the way, followed by many different cars and trucks. Most schools also have a football game for Homecoming — and, of course, tailgate parties. A tailgate party is a group of people drinking and eating around the back of someone’s pick-up truck. There are many other activities that might be a part of the Homecoming celebration. There might be a school-wide picnic one day; another day, there may be plays, concerts, competitions or games, all depending on a school’s traditions. Homecoming celebrations nearly always end with a dance and/or a great dinner. The school is decorated beautifully, and a band is paid to come and play. Students dress up: guys in suits and girls in beautiful dresses. 1．Homecoming in the USA ________. A．is held only in high schools B．is held to celebrate the birth of schools C．might last from one day to one week D．might be prepared for students only 2．“King and Queen of Homecoming” are chosen according to ________. A．their contributions to the school B．their healthy bodies C．their excellent. grades in study D．their good-looking faces 3．All the activities might be found at the Homecoming except ________. A．an exam B．a football game C．a picnic D．a parade 4．The “tailgate” is most probably ________ a truck or a car. A．in front of B．in the middle of C．on the top of D．at the back of 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国多所高中及部分高校每年举办返校节，往届师生返校忆往昔、参与活动，活动含选“国王王后”、游行等，常以舞会或晚宴收尾，时长1天至1周。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Homecoming might last for only one day or for several days, even one week.( 返乡可能只持续一天，也可能持续几天，甚至一个星期。)” 可知，美国的返校节可能持续1天到1周。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The students usually choose a boy and a girl who have done a lot for the school.( 学生们通常会选择一名为学校做出很多贡献的男生和一名女生。)”可知，返校节“国王”和“王后”的评选依据是他们对学校的贡献。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Most schools have a Homecoming parade.( 大多数学校都有返校节游行。)”；第四段中“Most schools also have a football game for Homecoming(大多数学校还会举办返校足球赛。)”；第五段中“There are many other activities that might be a part of the Homecoming celebration. There might be a school-wide picnic one day(还有许多其他的活动可能是返校节庆祝活动的一部分。也许有一天会有全校范围的野餐。)”可知，文中提到的返校节活动包括 “Homecoming parade”（游行，D）、“football game”（足球赛，B）、“school-wide picnic”（全校野餐，C），未提及“exam”（考试，A）。故选A项。 4．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“A tailgate party is a group of people drinking and eating around the back of someone’s pick-up truck.(一个tailgate派对指的是一群人在别人的小货车后面吃喝。)”可知，“tailgate”与卡车或汽车的“后部”相关，D 选项“at the back of（在……后面）”符合语境。故选D项。 Passage 6 “When I think of England, I think of the queen taking her dogs for a walk in the countryside,” says Carsten Haferkamp, a dog-owning German architect working in London. There may be something in the stereotype. Data from Tractive, a firm that provides GPS tracking for pets, show that Britons walk their dogs more than their European neighbours do. The British love for dog-walking may have more to do with the walking than the dogs. Britons are big walkers — they came fifth in the world in a study in 2017, the highest in Europe. Dogs provide walkers with company (陪伴) and a purpose, so it may be that walking encourages dog-ownership, not the other way around. But Julien Dugnoille, an expert at Exeter University, thinks dog-walking has a deeper significance. Dogs, he suggests, are a useful aid to a socially awkward nation. “Britons tend to see dog-walking as a rare opportunity to socialise with strangers, to have a chat with strangers and exchange a few jokes and comments about the weather without putting themselves in danger (i.e., without being too committed in their interaction).” The British aristocracy (贵族) has a tradition of keeping and training dogs. This makes Dr Dugnoille think that dog-walking still has some of its old glory (荣耀).Dr Dugnoille says that when people in the park say “Max is very well-behaved”, “it’s a way to show that they are good at taming (驯养) dogs. This is an advantage over those dog owners who can’t control their own dogs.” However, Britons shouldn’t feel too proud about how they treat their dogs, because they are all hypocritical (虚伪的) to some extent. Dr Carri Westgarth from Liverpool University says, “People say a dog needs a walk every day, but they will find excuses for why their dog doesn’t need a walk. They will say: he has company inside, he is nervous or he doesn’t like the rain.” 1．Why does the author mention the queen in paragraph 1? A．To demonstrate the queen’s love for dogs. B．To show the British love for walking dogs. C．To show a foreigner’s impression of England. D．To introduce the importance of dog-walking for Europeans. 2．What can we infer from Julien Dugnoille’s view? A．Dog-walking contributes to easy social communications. B．Britons are very confident when socializing with strangers. C．Britons prefer to walk rather than walk the dog. D．Britons have deep conversations with strangers during dog-walking. 3．Some British dog owners say their dogs don’t need a walk. According to Dr Carri Westgarth, which of the following statements might be the real reason? A．The dogs are too old to walk. B．The owners are too busy to take them out. C．The dogs have company indoors. D．The dogs prefer to stay at home all day. 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Love Your Dog, Walk Your Dog B．Dog-walking: A New Fashion in Britain C．Dog-Walking in Britain: More Than Just a Walk D．Dog-walking in Britain: A Great Helper for Socializing 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要分析英国人喜欢遛狗背后的原因，同时也指出部分英国人对待遛狗存在虚伪性。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段““When I think of England, I think of the queen taking her dogs for a walk in the countryside,” says Carsten Haferkamp, a dog-owning German architect working in London. There may be something in the stereotype. Data from Tractive, a firm that provides GPS tracking for pets, show that Britons walk their dogs more than their European neighbours do.(“当我想到英国时，我就会想到女王带着她的狗在乡间散步，”在伦敦工作的养狗德国建筑师卡斯滕·哈弗坎普说。这种刻板印象可能有些道理。一家为宠物提供GPS追踪服务的公司Tractive的数据显示，英国人遛狗的时间比欧洲邻居多)”可知，作者提及女王是为了引出外国人对英国的印象，进而通过数据说明英国人爱遛狗的特点。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Britons tend to see dog-walking as a rare opportunity to socialise with strangers, to have a chat with strangers and exchange a few jokes and comments about the weather without putting themselves in danger.(英国人往往把遛狗视为与陌生人社交的难得机会，可以和陌生人聊天、讲几个笑话、谈论天气，而不会让自己陷入危险境地)可知，Julien Dugnoille认为遛狗有助于英国人轻松地与他人社交。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“People say a dog needs a walk every day, but they will find excuses for why their dog doesn’t need a walk. They will say: he has company inside, he is nervous or he doesn’t like the rain.(人们说狗每天都需要散步，但他们会为自己的狗不需要散步找借口。他们会说：它在屋里有伴，它很胆小，或者它不喜欢下雨)”可知，Dr Carri Westgarth认为这些理由都是借口，真实原因应是主人自身的问题。选项B“主人太忙没时间带它们出去”属于主人自身原因。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段引出英国人爱遛狗的现象，第二段指出英国人爱遛狗可能更源于对散步的热爱，第三段说明遛狗助力英国人社交，第四段提及遛狗与贵族传统的关联，第五段指出部分英国人对待遛狗的虚伪性。整体围绕“英国遛狗不只是简单散步，还蕴含多重意义”展开。C项“在英国遛狗：不仅仅是散步”可作为最佳标题。故选C。 Passage 7 Living and dealing with kids can be a tough job these days, but living and dealing with parents can be even tougher. If I have learned anything in my 16 years, it is that communication is very important, both when you disagree and when you get along. With any relationship, you need to let the other person know how you are feeling. If you are not able to communicate, you drift apart. When you are mad at your parents, or anyone else, not talking to them doesn’t solve anything. Communication begins with the concerns of another. It means that you can’t just come home from school, go up to your room and take no notice of anyone. Even if you just say “Hi”, and see how their day was for five minutes, it is better than nothing. If you looked up the word “communication” in a dictionary, it would say “the exchange of ideas, the conveyance (表达) of information, correspondence (通信), means of communication: a letter or a message”. To keep a good relationship, you must keep communication strong. Let people know how you feel, even if it’s just by writing a note. When dealing with parents, you always have to make them feel good about how they are doing as a parent. If you are trying to make them see something as you see it, tell them that you’ll listen to what they have to say, and ask them politely to listen to you. Shouting or walking away only makes the situation worse. Here is an example: one night, Sophie went to a street party with her friends. She knew she had to be home by midnight after the fireworks, but she didn’t feel she could just ask to go home. That would be rude. After all, they had been nice enough to take her along with them. Needless to say, she was late getting home. Her parents were mad at first, but when Sophie explained why she was late, they weren’t as mad and let it go. Communication is the key here. If Sophie’s parents had not been willing to listen, Sophie would have been in a lot of trouble. Communication isn’t a one-way matter: it goes both ways. Just remember: if you get into a situation like Sophie’s, tell the other person how you feel — listening is the key to communication. 1．The underlined phrase “ drift apart” in Paragraph 2 means __________. A．distance yourself from others B．move along smoothly C．keep up with others D．come closer to each other 2．According to the passage, communication begins with ________. A．sharing your own feelings openly B．being aware of others’ needs and feelings C．starting a talk with a written message D．responding to others’ actions immediately 3．The author uses Sophie’s example in paragraph 6 to show that ________. A．parents should always forgive their kids B．communication is the key to solving problems C．it’s rude to leave a party early D．friends are more important than parents 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．You don’t need to talk to your parents if you are mad. B．Shouting at your parents will make things better. C．Listening is important for effective communication. D．Communication is only necessary for kids and parents. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在与父母或他人相处时沟通的重要性以及如何进行有效的沟通。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“If you are not able to communicate, you drift apart. When you are mad at your parents, or anyone else, not talking to them doesn’t solve anything.(如果你不能沟通，你们就会drift apart。当你生父母或其他人的气时，不跟他们说话并不能解决任何问题。)”可知，当你生父母或其他人的气时，不跟他们说话，不能沟通会导致疏远，所以drift apart意思是“与他人疏远”，意思与distance yourself from others相近。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Communication begins with the concerns of another. It means that you can’t just come home from school, go up to your room and take no notice of anyone.(沟通始于对他人的关心。这意味着你不能刚从学校回到家，就走进自己的房间，对任何人都不理不睬。)”可知，沟通始于对他人的需求和感受的关注。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段中“Needless to say, she was late getting home. Her parents were mad at first, but when Sophie explained why she was late, they weren’t as mad and let it go. Communication is the key here.(不用说，她回家晚了。她的父母一开始很生气，但当索菲解释了她为什么回来晚时，他们没有那么生气，也就算了。沟通是关键。)”可知，作者用索菲的例子来说明沟通是解决问题的关键。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Communication isn’t a one-way matter: it goes both ways. Just remember: if you get into a situation like Sophie’s, tell the other person how you feel — listening is the key to communication.(沟通不是单向的：它是双向的。只要记住：如果你遇到像索菲这样的情况，告诉对方你的感受——倾听是沟通的关键。)”可知，倾听对于有效的沟通是很重要的。故选C。 Passage 8 Imagine trying to sleep while cars roar past your window and airplanes thunder overhead. Not only is the noise annoying (令人恼怒的) — it could actually be damaging your health. Scientists have known for decades that constant loud sounds can hurt us, but it is only in recent years that it has been seen as a common and serious problem. In a new review of previously published studies, researchers from Germany and Denmark took a look at the ways in which noises, such as an airplane passing by or jackhammer digging in the ground, can affect our hearts. Perhaps the most obvious impact of a loud sound while you are sleeping is that it can wake you up. But, even if you don’t remember hearing the noise or you don’t physically get out of bed, it can disrupt you in ways you may not realize. “Noise is not just causing annoyance, but it actually makes us sick,” said Dr. Thomas Münzel, a professor at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz. “Regardless of where the sound is coming from, if it gets louder than 60 decibels (分贝), it can increase the risk of heart disease.” When our body hears these noises, it reacts with a stress reaction. In this case, these sudden and unexpected noises cause hormones (荷尔蒙) to speed up and eventually damage the heart. Although the chance that a single noise will affect you is unlikely, it’s the continuous exposure (接触) to the sound that can finally affect you. “But our heart health isn’t the only cause for concern. Long-term noise may also raise the risk of type 2 diabetes (糖尿病), depression, and anxiety disorders,” he warns. In the future, Münzel plans to examine how noises from cars, planes, and other vehicles affect the brain. But despite the amount or the depth of research he conducts, it’ll take the help of politicians to improve the effect of noise on our health. “Politicians have to take into account, in particular, the new findings,” Münzel said, “As for aircraft noise and airports, it is important to make new laws and set new lower noise limits that protect people living close by the airport instead of the owners of the airport.” 1．Which word can replace the underlined word “disrupt” in Paragraph 2? A．Defeat. B．Challenge. C．Attract. D．Harm. 2．Which of the following statements would Dr. Münzel probably agree with? A．People who sleep lightly are more likely to be affected by noise than deep sleepers. B．Any noise above 60 decibels will definitely cause heart disease. C．Politicians should play a role in reducing noise pollution. D．New laws should focus on protecting airport owners rather than nearby residents. 3．The author’s tone in the passage is best described as . A．positive B．concerned C．humorous D．amazed 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．How Noise Pollution Harms Our Body B．Who Is Responsible for Noise Pollution C．How Münzel Carried Out His Research D．What Should Be Done to Stop Noise 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了德国和丹麦的研究人员研究噪音对人们健康产生的影响，呼吁政治家们关注噪音污染并采取措施解决噪音污染。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Perhaps the most obvious impact of a loud sound while you are sleeping is that it can wake you up.(也许在你睡觉时，噪音最明显的影响是它能把你吵醒)”和划线单词所在句“But, even if you don’t remember hearing the noise or you don’t physically get out of bed, it can disrupt you in ways you may not realize.(但是，即使你不记得听到了噪音，或者你没有从床上起来，它也会以你没有意识到的方式disrupt你)”可知，即使噪音没有把你吵醒，但它会以你没有意识到的方式伤害你，因此划线单词“disrupt”的意思是伤害，与harm同义。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中“But despite the amount or the depth of research he conducts, it’ll take the help of politicians to improve the effect of noise on our health.(但是，尽管他进行了大量或深入的研究，但要改善噪音对我们健康的影响，还需要政治家的帮助)”以及第六段““Politicians have to take into account, in particular, the new findings,” Münzel said, “As for aircraft noise and airports, it is important to make new laws and set new lower noise limits that protect people living close by the airport instead of the owners of the airport.”(“政治家们必须考虑到这些新发现，”Münzel说，“至于飞机噪音和机场，重要的是制定新的法律，设定新的低噪音限制，以保护住在机场附近的人，而不是机场的所有者。”)可知，Dr. Münzel认为政治家应在减少噪音污染中发挥作用。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Not only is the noise annoying (令人恼怒的) — it could actually be damaging your health.(噪音不仅令人恼怒，实际上还可能损害你的健康)”、第三段中““Noise is not just causing annoyance, but it actually makes us sick,” said Dr. Thomas Münzel, a professor at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz.(美因茨约翰内斯·古腾堡大学教授Thomas Münzel博士说：“噪音不仅会引起烦恼，而且还会让我们生病。”)”等内容可知，作者始终围绕噪音对健康的危害展开，语气充满担忧。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段中“Not only is the noise annoying (令人恼怒的) — it could actually be damaging your health.(噪音不仅令人恼怒，而且还会损害你的健康)”和第二段中“In a new review of previously published studies, researchers from Germany and Denmark took a look at the ways in which noises, such as an airplane passing by or jackhammer digging in the ground, can affect our hearts.(在一篇对之前发表的研究的最新综述中，来自德国和丹麦的研究人员研究了飞机飞过或钻地时发出的声音对我们心脏的影响)”可知，本文着重讲述了德国和丹麦的研究人员对于噪声如何影响人们的心脏、增加糖尿病等疾病风险进行了研究。选项A. How Noise Pollution Harms Our Body(噪音污染如何危害我们的身体)可以作为最佳标题。故选A。 Passage 9 The Digital Age is a period characterized by the rapid advancement of digital technologies, which have drastically reshaped various aspects of human life, particularly communication. It has speeded up the accessibility of communication, resulting in a new language landscape. Digital communication has given rise to an explosion of new vocabulary, as digital communication platforms continuously evolve. Many new terms have emerged to describe digital experiences, interactions, and phenomena, such as “selfie,” “hashtag,” and “meme.” These words have become integral to everyday language and reflect the changing ways in which individuals communicate and share their identities online. Digital communication has significantly changed the way individuals express themselves. One key change is the shift toward informality and briefness in communication. Abbreviations (缩写) such as “LOL,” “OMG” (Oh My God), and “IDK” (I Don’t Know) have become common in everyday conversation, especially in digital spaces where quick exchanges are essential. One of the most groundbreaking innovations in digital communication is the development of AI-powered machine translation tools, such as Google Translate and Deepl. These tools have dramatically increased the accessibility of content across different languages, enabling users to communicate with others who speak different languages in real time. However, the widespread use of machine translation also presents several challenges. While AI translation tools have made significant advancements, issues related to accuracy and cultural difference remain. For instance, machine translation may struggle with slang (俚语) or context dependent meanings that are integral to certain languages. This can lead to mistranslations or misunderstandings. In addition to the technical challenges, there is also the issue of language diversity. Machine translation tools primarily focus on widely spoken languages, leaving less commonly spoken languages underrepresented. As technology continues to shape communication, it is essential to promote digital inclusivity, ensuring that all languages, cultures, and communities are represented and supported in the digital landscape. This will require a shared effort to bridge the digital divide, protect language heritage, and make the digital world accessible to everyone, regardless of the language they speak. 1．What is the primary function of new digital vocabulary like “selfie”? A．To simplify online communication. B．To replace traditional words and phrases. C．To label new digital actions and concepts. D．To standardize daily languages across platforms. 2．Why do AI translators still fall short according to the author? A．They struggle with born-digital materials. B．They miss implied cultural meaning. C．They have a delay in real-time conversation. D．They ignore users’ emotions completely. 3．What’s the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To criticize machine translation tools. B．To call for diversifying digital languages. C．To argue for preserving digital new words. D．To promote digital words in less developed area. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The evolution of digital languages. B．The informality of digital communication. C．The explosion of new digital vocabulary. D．The influence of digital communication. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍数字时代中数字通信对语言领域的多方面影响，包括新词汇产生、表达方式变化及机器翻译问题等。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Many new terms have emerged to describe digital experiences, interactions, and phenomena, such as “selfie,” “hashtag,” and “meme.” (许多新术语已经出现，用以描述数字体验、互动和现象，例如“自拍”“话题标签”和“表情包”)”可知，“自拍”这类数字新词汇的主要作用是为新的数字行为和概念贴上标签。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“While AI translation tools have made significant advancements, issues related to accuracy and cultural difference remain. For instance, machine translation may struggle with slang or context dependent meanings that are integral to certain languages.(尽管人工智能翻译工具取得了重大进步，但与准确性和文化差异相关的问题仍然存在。例如，机器翻译可能难以处理某些语言中不可或缺的俚语或依赖语境的含义)”可知，作者认为人工智能翻译器仍有不足是因为它们无法准确传递隐含的文化含义。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“In addition to the technical challenges, there is also the issue of language diversity. Machine translation tools primarily focus on widely spoken languages, leaving less commonly spoken languages underrepresented. As technology continues to shape communication, it is essential to promote digital inclusivity, ensuring that all languages, cultures, and communities are represented and supported in the digital landscape. This will require a shared effort to bridge the digital divide, protect language heritage, and make the digital world accessible to everyone, regardless of the language they speak.(除技术挑战外，语言多样性问题同样存在。机器翻译工具主要侧重于使用广泛的语言，导致使用频率较低的语言缺乏足够的代表性。 随着技术持续影响沟通方式，推动数字包容性至关重要。这需要确保所有语言、文化和群体在数字领域都能得到体现与支持。要实现这一点，需要各方共同努力，弥合数字鸿沟、保护语言遗产，并让数字世界向所有人开放，无论其使用何种语言)”可知，该段旨在呼吁实现数字语言的多样化。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段点明数字时代数字通信重塑人类生活，尤其影响语言领域；后续段落分别从数字新词汇产生、表达更随意简洁、人工智能翻译的影响与挑战、语言多样性问题等方面展开，均围绕数字通信的影响展开，因此文章主要内容是数字通信的影响，故选D项。 Passage 10 If you thought that your child’s academic performance is based simply on the number of hours spent on studying, you are wrong. Good grades are a result of many factors, everything from the child’s brains to the environment they are in. And one of the major, mostly ignored, influencing factors’ is physical health. Physical activity and health actually can improve a person’s ability to learn. According to the National Academy of Medicine, exercise can improve a child’s cognitive (认知的) abilities, health, and academic performance significantly. According to a study by the University of British Columbia, regular aerobic (有氧的) exercise betters the functioning of the hippocampus, the area of the brain involved in learning and memory. Other forms of exercise like balance exercises, muscle exercises, and resistance training did not have the same result on the brain. The effect of exercise on memory and thinking is both direct and indirect. Directly, regular exercise gives the ability to increase the release of growth factors. These growth factors are chemicals in the brain that affect the growth. The growth of new blood vessels, the health of brain cells, as well as the survival of new brain cells. On the other hand, getting enough exercise will improve sleep quality and mood. It will also reduce stress and anxiety. It is believed that the benefits of exercise during the school day are greater than those coming from increasing class time. Furthermore, the greatest cognitive benefits from physical education have been seen to come about when physical education was given either in the first half of the day or midday rather than at the end of the day. In order to get the children moving, rest time, PE classes, biking or walking to school should be promoted, Activities like after-school sports that used to be held at school should be restarted. Physical activity should not be seen as a dispensable option but as an important educational concern. 1．What factor is often forgotten when it comes to good grades? A．Child’s High IQ. B．A good environment. C．Physical health. D．The hours spent on learning. 2．Which of the following exercises is best for learning and memory? A．Regular aerobic exercise. B．Balance exercise. C．Muscle exercise. D．Resistance training. 3．How does exercise influence thinking indirectly? A．By releasing growth factors in large numbers. B．By influencing the growth of new blood vessels. C．By affecting the survival of new brain cells. D．By improving a person’s mood and sleep quality. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Mental health should never be ignored. B．Physical education class is really a good option. C．Exercise may contribute to good academic grades. D．Different exercises have different results on the brain. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究表明了体育锻炼对于孩子的学业表现有积极的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“And one of the major, mostly ignored, influencing factors’ is physical health. (而其中一个主要且常被忽视的影响因素是身体健康。)”可知，在考虑影响孩子学业成绩的因素时，身体健康的重要性往往被忽视。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“According to a study by the University of British Columbia, regular aerobic (有氧的) exercise betters the functioning of the hippocampus, the area of the brain involved in learning and memory. (根据不列颠哥伦比亚大学的一项研究，定期进行有氧运动可以改善海马体的功能，而海马体是大脑中与学习和记忆相关的区域。)”可知，有规律的有氧运动对学习和记忆是最好的。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“On the other hand, getting enough exercise will improve sleep quality and mood. It will also reduce stress and anxiety. (另一方面，充足的运动能够改善睡眠质量和情绪。它还能减轻压力和焦虑。)”可知，锻炼的间接影响表现在改善睡眠质量和情绪。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Physical activity and health actually can improve a person’s ability to learn. According to the National Academy of Medicine, exercise can improve a child’s cognitive (认知的) abilities, health, and academic performance significantly. (体育活动和健康实际上可以提高一个人的学习能力。根据美国国家医学院的研究，运动可以显著提高儿童的认知能力、健康状况和学业成绩。)”和第二段“According to a study by the University of British Columbia, regular aerobic (有氧的) exercise betters the functioning of the hippocampus, the area of the brain involved in learning and memory. (根据不列颠哥伦比亚大学的一项研究，定期进行有氧运动可以改善海马体的功能，而海马体是大脑中与学习和记忆相关的区域。)”以及最后一段“Physical activity should not be seen as a dispensable option but as an important educational concern. (体育活动不应被视为可有可无的选择，而应视为重要的教育关注点。)”可知，文章介绍了体育锻炼在提高记忆力，思维能力，认知能力等方面的好处，并呼吁将体育活动作为教育的重要组成部分，由此可知，本文主要介绍了体育锻炼有助于提高孩子的学业成绩。故选C项。 Passage 11 Some students get so nervous before a test. They do poorly even if they know the material. Sian Beilock, a professor at the University of Chicago in Illinois, has studied these highly anxious test-takers. The students start worrying about the results. And when they worry, it actually uses up attention and memory resources (资源). Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test. The researchers tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students. They gave them two short maths tests. After the first one, they asked the students to either sit quietly or write about their feelings about the upcoming second test. Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of 12% worse on the second test. However, the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of 5%. Next, the researchers used younger students in a biology class. They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated to the test. Professor Beilock says highly anxious students who did the writing got an average grade of B+, compared to a B- for those who did not. “What we showed is that for students who are highly test-anxious, who’d done our writing intervention (干预), all of a sudden there was no relationship between test anxiety and performance. They were performing just as well as their classmates who don’t normally get nervous in these tests.” But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam? Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home or in the library and still improve their performance. 1．What may the students start worrying about before an exam? A．What other students do during the test. B．Whether they can pass the exams. C．Whether they have remembered the materials. D．What kind of problems they will meet on the test paper. 2．What is the solution developed by the two researchers? A．Asking the students to think nothing of the test. B．Asking the students to focus on the test. C．Asking the students to write about their worries before the test. D．Asking the students to sit quietly before the test. 3．According to Professor Beilock, those who thought about things unrelated to the test _______. A．became less nervous before the test. B．were better at controlling their feelings. C．did better than those who took two tests. D．did worse than those who wrote about their feelings. 4．What can be learned from the last paragraph? A．Writing about worries before an exam can work a bit. B．Studying in the library can improve students’ performance. C．Students can also benefit from writing at home. D．Students should avoid taking tests too often. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了芝加哥大学教授Sian Beilock对考试焦虑学生的研究，提出考前写下担忧可缓解焦虑、提升成绩的解决办法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Some students get so nervous before a test. They do poorly even if they know the material. Sian Beilock, a professor at the University of Chicago in Illinois, has studied these highly anxious test-takers. The students start worrying about the results. (有些学生在考试前会变得非常紧张。即便他们对考试内容了如指掌，也会考得很差。伊利诺伊州芝加哥大学的教授西恩·贝洛克对这些极度焦虑的考生进行了研究。这些学生开始担心考试结果。)”可知，学生考前会担心能否通过考试，即考试结果。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test. (贝洛克教授和另一位研究人员杰拉尔多·拉米雷斯共同提出了一个可能的解决方案。在考试前，极度焦虑的考生会花十分钟时间写下他们对考试的担忧。)”可知，两位研究人员提出的解决办法是让学生在考前写下他们的担忧。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Next, the researchers used younger students in a biology class. They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated to the test. (接下来，研究人员选取了生物课上的年轻学生进行实验。在期末考试前，他们让这些学生要么写下自己的感受，要么思考一些与考试无关的事情。)”以及第四段“Professor Beilock says highly anxious students who did the writing got an average grade of B+, compared to a B- for those who did not. (贝洛克教授表示，那些极度焦虑但进行了写作练习的学生平均成绩为 B+，而那些没有进行写作练习的学生平均成绩为 B-。)”可知，贝洛克教授指出，那些思考与测试内容无关的事情的人，其表现比那些表达自身感受的人要差。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam? Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home or in the library and still improve their performance. (但倘若学生在考试前没有机会立即写下自己的恐惧情绪呢？贝洛克教授表示，学生们可以在家里或图书馆自行尝试这样做，并且仍然能够提高考试成绩。)”可知，学生们在家写下恐惧情绪也能从中受益。故选C。 Passage 12 The behaviour of a building’s users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions (排放) by 80 percent by 2050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero-carbon by 2016. But this report shows that sustainable (可持续的) building design on its own — though very important — is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too. The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency, which instead focus on architectural and technological developments. “Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything,” explains Katy Janda, a UKERC senior researcher, “consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.” In other words, old habits die hard, even in the best-designed eco-home. Another part of the problem is information. Households and bill-payers don’t have the knowledge they need to change their energy-use habits. Without specific information, it’s hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices. Feedback (反馈) facilities, like smart metres and energy monitors, could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use; some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart metres. Social science research has added a further dimension (方面) , suggesting that individuals’ behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be known ahead of time — whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat (恒温器), for example. Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused program to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them. 1．About energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of ____________. A．zero-carbon homes B．sustainable building design C．the behaviour of building users D．the reduction of carbon emissions 2．The underlined word “which” in Paragraph 2 refers to “____________”. A．the ways B．existing efforts C．their homes D．developments 3．What are Katy Janda’s words mainly about? A．The importance of changing building users’ habits. B．The necessity of making a careful building design. C．The variety of consumption patterns of building users. D．The role of technology in improving energy efficiency. 4．What does the dimension added by social science research suggest? A．The behaviour preference of building users is similar. B．The education program is under discussion. C．The social science research is to be furthered. D．The behaviour of building users is unexpected. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了减少碳排放量、倡导低碳生活，不能只靠科技进步，还需要人们改变自己的行为，采用绿色的生活方式。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The behaviour of a building’s users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC).(根据英国能源研究中心（UKERC）的新研究，在能源使用方面，建筑物使用者的行为可能至少与建筑的设计同等重要)”可知，这项新研究主要强调的是建筑物使用者的行为。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency(该研究表明，人们在家中使用和居住的方式在现有的提高能源效率的举措中一直未得到充分重视)”以及划线词后文“instead focus on architectural and technological developments(相反，应将精力集中在建筑和技术的发展上)”可知，which引导的是by后面接的方式，即existing efforts。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段““Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything,” explains Katy Janda, a UKERC senior researcher, “consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.” In other words, old habits die hard, even in the best-designed eco-home.(英国能源研究中心的高级研究员凯蒂·詹达解释道：“技术会起到辅助作用，但并不能包办一切。建筑使用者的使用习惯可能会破坏最精心的设计。”换句话说，即便是在设计最为环保的住宅中，旧有的习惯也依然难以改变)”可知，原有的消费模式可以打败最仔细的设计，即旧的习惯很难消失，所以她的意思是说改变原有的习惯是很重要的。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Social science research has added a further dimension (方面) , suggesting that individuals’ behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be known ahead of time — whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat (恒温器), for example.(社会科学研究又增添了一个新的层面，表明个人在家庭中的行为具有个人特性，其具体情况事先是无法知晓的——比如，人们是打开窗户还是调低恒温器温度，就是其中的一个例子)”可知，社会科学研究新增的维度表明，使用者的家庭行为具有个人性且无法提前预知，即行为具有不可预测性，故选D。 Passage 13 Ten years ago, when Kelik Suparno heard the song of a bird, he thought of money. A single bird could bring him much at a busy market. Today, he listens for the same sound with a new purpose. As a nature guide in Java, he introduces visitors to his favorite bird. Suparno, once a hunter (猎人), now earns a living by protecting these birds, showing that change is possible. Indonesia has become the center of what experts call the Asian songbird crisis (危机). Across the country, the illegal (非法的) trade of wild birds puts at least 26 kinds of birds in danger. The crisis is worsened by the growing popularity of birdsong competitions, where owners of caged (笼中的) birds compete for prizes. These events attract thousands each year and have created a nationwide market. As a result, wild bird numbers drop fast, raising fears that many birds could vanish in the near future. For centuries, keeping songbirds has been a tradition in Java. Today, up to 84 million caged birds are believed to be kept on the island. For many, birds stand for success and bring a sense of peace. In Yogyakarta, the cultural “soul” of Java, waking to the sound of a bird’s gentle call is considered a good thing. This culture, however, now stands in direct conflict(冲突) with the need to protect wildlife. Some keepers and competition organizers are starting to act. They encourage people to use birds born in cages, not those taken from the wild. Special notes are put on young birds to prove where they come from. Such measures are seen as key steps in cutting down the need for wild songbirds. Yet problems remain, as many buyers still believe wild-caught birds are better singers. Environmental experts point out that the future of Indonesia’s birds cannot rest on a few villages or keepers alone. From hunters and traders to bird lovers and policymakers, everyone’s taking part matters. 1．What does Suparno do for a living now? A．He trains nature guides. B．He focuses on bird protection. C．He holds bird competitions. D．He sells home-raised birds. 2．What does the underlined word “vanish” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Disappear. B．Grow. C．Compete. D．Return. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The popularity of wild birds. B．The rules in the birdsong competition. C．The challenges facing the bird keepers. D．The way to stop wild birds being caught. 4．What can be known about bird protection in Indonesia? A．It remains hopeless. B．Everyone has a role to play. C．Hunters should give up traditions. D．It sets a good example to others. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以猎人Suparno转型为自然向导、以保护鸟类为生的案例切入，介绍印尼野生鸣禽非法贸易现状、文化传统与保护需求的冲突，以及当前应对措施与挑战，强调保护鸟类需社会各界共同参与。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, he listens for the same sound with a new purpose. As a nature guide in Java, he introduces visitors to his favorite bird. Suparno, once a hunter (猎人), now earns a living by protecting these birds, showing that change is possible.(如今，他怀着新的目的再次倾听着同样的声音。作为爪哇的一名自然导游，他向游客介绍他所钟爱的鸟类。苏帕诺曾是一名猎人，如今则通过保护这些鸟类来谋生，这表明改变是有可能实现的)”可知，Suparno如今作为自然向导，通过介绍鸟类、保护鸣禽物种谋生。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“wild bird numbers drop fast, raising fears(野生鸟类的数量急剧减少，引起了恐惧)”可知，野生鸟类数量急剧下降，这引发了人们对许多物种很快会消失的担忧，由此可推测，vanish应表示“消失”，与disappear 同义。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Some keepers and competition organizers are starting to act. They encourage people to use birds born in cages, not those taken from the wild. Special notes are put on young birds to prove where they come from. Such measures are seen as key steps in cutting down the need for wild songbirds. Yet problems remain, as many buyers still believe wild-caught birds are better singers.(一些饲养员和比赛组织者开始采取行动了。他们鼓励人们使用在笼子里出生的鸟，而非从野外捕获的鸟。还会在幼鸟身上贴上标签，以证明它们的来源。这些措施被视为减少对野生鸣禽需求的关键步骤。然而，问题依然存在，因为许多买家仍然认为从野外捕获的鸟唱歌更好)”可知，本段主要讲述饲养者及比赛组织者为避免野生鸟被抓采取的行动。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Environmental experts point out that the future of Indonesia’s birds cannot rest on a few villages or keepers alone. From hunters and traders to bird lovers and policymakers, everyone’s taking part matters.(环境专家指出，印尼鸟类的未来不能仅仅依赖于少数几个村庄或饲养员。从猎人、商人到鸟类爱好者以及政策制定者，每个人的参与都至关重要)”可知，保护印尼鸟类不能仅依赖少数村庄，社会各界都需发挥作用，由此可推断，印尼的鸟类保护需要社会各界都发挥作用。故选B。 Passage 14 While teenagers who are at risk of depression with risky behaviors—drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes and cutting classes often alert parents and teachers that serious problems are brewing (酝酿), a new study finds that there’s another group of adolescents who are in nearly as much danger of experiencing the same mental symptoms. These teens use tons of media, get insufficient sleep and have a sedentary (久坐的) lifestyle. Of course, that may sound like a description of every teenager on the planet. But the study warns that it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme that are truly in a dangerous position. Because their behaviors are not usually seen as a red flag, these young people have been called the “invisible risk” group by the study’s authors. The study’s authors surveyed 15,395 students and analyzed nine risk behaviors, including excessive (过多的) alcohol use, heavy smoking and high media use. Their aim was to determine the relationship between these risk behaviors and mental health issues in teenagers. The group that scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors was most likely to show symptoms of depression, in all, nearly 15% of this group reported being depressed, compared with just 4% of the low-risk group. But the invisible group wasn’t far behind the high-risk set, with more than 13% of them exhibiting depression. The findings caught Carli off guard. “We didn’t expect that,” he says. “The high-risk group and low-risk group are obvious, but this third group was not only unexpected. It was so distinct and so larger— nearly one third of our sample— that it became a key finding of the study.” Carli says that one of the most significant things about his study is that it provides new early warning signs for parents, teachers and mental health-care providers. And early identifications, support and treatment for mental health issues, he says, are the best ways to keep them from turning into full-blown disorders. 1．Which teenager probably belongs to the “invisible group”? A．A teenager who drinks frequently. B．A teenager who exercises regularly. C．A teenager who skips school. D．A teenager who suffers from a lack of sleep. 2．What can we know about the new study? A．It was intended to dig into the reasons for depression. B．Its findings were under expectation of the research team. C．It was conducted by analyzing and comparing the previous data. D．It revealed an alarming rate of the invisible group suffering depression. 3．What is Carli’s attitude toward the findings? A．Unclear. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent. 4．What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To introduce a new therapy for teens’ mental disorder. B．To share a novel psychological experiment with teens. C．To caution teens against developing unhealthy habits. D．To warn about the unobserved signals for teens’ mental problems. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究发现存在“隐形风险”青少年群体，他们有抑郁等心理问题风险及研究意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“These teens use tons of media, get insufficient sleep and have a sedentary (久坐的) lifestyle. Of course, that may sound like a description of every teenager on the planet. But the study warns that it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme that are truly in a dangerous position. Because their behaviors are not usually seen as a red flag, these young people have been called the “invisible risk” group by the study’s authors.(这些青少年使用大量的媒体，睡眠不足，久坐不动。当然，这听起来像是地球上每个青少年的描述。但研究警告说，正是那些极度从事这三种行为的青少年才真正处于危险之中。因为他们的行为通常不被视为危险信号，这些年轻人被研究报告的作者称为“隐形风险”群体)”可知，“隐形风险”群体的青少年具有大量使用媒体、睡眠不足、久坐的特点。所以D选项“一个睡眠不足的青少年”可能属于“隐形群体”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“The findings caught Carli off guard. “We didn’t expect that,” he says. “The high-risk group and low-risk group are obvious, but this third group was not only unexpected. It was so distinct and so larger — nearly one third of our sample — that it became a key finding of the study.”(这一发现让Carli措手不及。“我们没有预料到这一点，”他说。“高风险组和低风险组是显而易见的，但第三组不仅出乎意料。它如此独特，规模如此之大——几乎占我们样本的三分之一——以至于它成为了这项研究的关键发现。”)”可知，研究结果让Carli感到意外，这个“隐形群体”的比例很大，成为了研究的关键发现，说明这项新研究揭示了“隐形群体”中患抑郁症的惊人比例。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Carli says that one of the most significant things about his study is that it provides new early warning signs for parents, teachers and mental health-care providers. And early identifications, support and treatment for mental health issues, he says, are the best ways to keep them from turning into full-blown disorders.(Carli指出，这项研究最重要的意义之一在于，它为家长、教师和心理健康服务提供者提供了新的早期预警信号。他强调，对心理健康问题进行早期识别、支持和治疗，是防止其演变为全面心理疾病的最佳方式)”可知，Carli 认为研究很有意义，也就是说Carli对研究发现的态度是积极的。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“While teenagers who are at risk of depression with risky behaviors—drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes and cutting classes often alert parents and teachers that serious problems are brewing (酝酿), a new study finds that there’s another group of adolescents who are in nearly as much danger of experiencing the same mental symptoms.(虽然有抑郁风险的青少年有危险行为——喝酒、抽烟和逃课，这通常会提醒父母和老师严重的问题正在酝酿，但一项新的研究发现，还有另一群青少年几乎同样有经历相同心理症状的危险)”，最后一段的“Carli says that one of the most significant things about his study is that it provides new early warning signs for parents, teachers and mental health-care providers.(Carli指出，这项研究最重要的意义之一在于，它为家长、教师和心理健康服务提供者提供了新的早期预警信号)”以及全文内容可知，文章围绕新研究展开，重点强调“隐形风险”群体（大量使用媒体、睡眠不足、久坐）的心理健康问题常被忽视，其抑郁风险接近高风险群体。研究的核心目的是揭示这些未被注意的信号，呼吁对青少年心理健康的早期识别和干预。因此，作者意图是警告青少年心理健康问题中未被观察到的信号。故选D。 Passage 15 For the first time in Canada, surgeons have successfully carried out the first stage of a procedure involving implanting (植入) a tooth into the eyes of people with a type of severe blindness in the hopes of restoring their vision. Known as “tooth-in-eye” surgery, the operation was recently carried out in three patients with severe corneal (角膜的) blindness. Tooth-in-eye surgery aims to change that in two surgeries. This first step is the creation of the implant. This requires the removal of one of the patient’s teeth, which is shaved down into a square-like shape with a hole drilled into it that will hold a plastic optical lens (光学透镜). The shaped tooth is then placed inside the patient’s cheek, where it stays for around three months to develop new tissue and a blood supply. Once that’s happened, in the second stage, surgeons remove the implant from the cheek and put it into the eye, where the plastic lens allows light through, restoring the patient’s vision. “It’s like replacing the windscreen on a car when it’s totally frosted over,” Dr Greg Moloney, who led the Canadian surgeries, told the Vancouver Sun. It might sound a bit unpleasant to put someone’s tooth in their eye, but it actually makes a lot of sense; both the fact that teeth are super hard and that it’s the patient’s own tooth increase the chances that the implant will last long term. “The procedure isn’t completely risk-free, but there is no risk of rejection, because we’re using part of the patient’s own body.” The patients are set to experience the second surgery later this year. One of those patients, Gail Chapman, was the first to receive the initial surgery and was hopeful of what the procedure could mean for her future. While this was a Canadian first, tooth-in-eye surgery is far from new. It’s been around since the 1960s, when it was pioneered by Italian Professor Benedetto Strampelli, and was later improved into the procedure that it is today. 1．What is involved in the first stage of the “tooth-in-eye” surgery? A．Placing the plastic lens in the eye. B．Restoring the patient’s eyesight partly. C．Removing a patient’s tooth for the implant. D．Moving the implant from the cheek to the eye. 2．What is the key role of the plastic optical lens in the second-stage surgery? A．To fix the tooth in the eye. B．To help the eye receive light. C．To reduce the pain of the patient. D．To accelerate the treatment process. 3．Why does the surgery use the patient’s own tooth? A．To simplify the surgical procedure. B．To reduce the risk of implant rejection. C．To lower the cost of the entire surgery. D．To make the implant look more natural. 4．What does the author think of the “tooth-in-eye” surgery? A．The surgery has been improved a little. B．There is a serious danger of infection during the surgery. C．The surgery will become popular in Canada. D．The surgery dates back over fifty years. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了加拿大首次实施的“牙入眼”手术，通过两阶段操作治疗严重失明，并指出该技术源自20世纪60年代，利用患者自身牙齿可避免排异反应。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This first step is the creation of the implant. This requires the removal of one of the patient’s teeth, which is shaved down into a square-like shape with a hole drilled into it that will hold a plastic optical lens (光学透镜). (第一步是制作植入物。这需要取出患者的一颗牙齿，将其打磨成近似方形的形状，并在中间钻孔以固定一块塑料光学镜片)”可知，该手术的第一阶段涉及移除患者的牙齿以制作植入物。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Once that’s happened, in the second stage, surgeons remove the implant from the cheek and put it into the eye, where the plastic lens allows light through, restoring the patient’s vision. (一旦完成，在第二阶段手术中，医生会将植入物从患者脸颊中取出并植入眼球。此时塑料透镜能够使光线透过，从而帮助患者恢复视力)”可知，塑料光学透镜在第二阶段手术中的关键作用是帮助眼睛接收光线。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The procedure isn’t completely risk-free, but there is no risk of rejection, because we’re using part of the patient’s own body. (虽然该步骤并非完全没有风险，但由于使用的是患者自身的组织，因此不存在排异反应的风险)”可知，手术使用患者自身的牙齿是为了降低植入物排异的风险。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It’s been around since the 1960s, when it was pioneered by Italian Professor Benedetto Strampelli, and was later improved into the procedure that it is today. (这项技术早在20世纪4年代就已出现，最初由意大利的Benedetto Strampelli教授首创，后经改良才发展成为如今的手术方式)”可知，作者指出该手术已有超过50年历史。故选D项。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第一次月考复习之阅读理解说明文15篇 （江苏专用） 篇目 核心主题 文章主线 Passage 1 考前焦虑缓解研究 科研人员实验证明考前写下内心担忧，可以有效缓解考试焦虑，提升考生成绩 Passage 2 AI 解读楔形文字 一款基于 3D 模型的人工智能软件，成功解读风化严重的古老楔形文字石板，助力古文字研究 Passage 3 蚊子的危害与防治 蚊子是致死人数最多的小型动物，介绍蚊子传播疾病的危害以及现有防治手段的优缺点 Passage 4 火箭发射威胁臭氧层 近年全球火箭发射数量激增，火箭排放污染物会逐步损耗本就处于恢复期的臭氧层，呼吁出台监管政策 Passage 5 美国返校节文化 介绍美国高中、大学一年一度返校节 Homecoming 的各项传统活动、评选规则以及庆祝流程 Passage 6 英国人遛狗文化解析 英国人热爱遛狗背后有着多重原因：散步习惯、社交契机、贵族文化传承，同时也存在知行不一的现象 Passage 7 亲子之间的有效沟通 沟通是化解亲子矛盾的关键，双向倾听、主动关心他人感受能够有效解决家庭冲突 Passage 8 噪音污染危害人体健康 长期暴露于高分贝噪音之下，会诱发心脏病、糖尿病、心理焦虑等多种疾病，需要政策管控噪音污染 Passage 9 数字通信对语言的影响 数字时代催生网络新词、非正式表达方式；AI 翻译带来便利，但也引发语言多样性缺失等问题 Passage 10 运动促进学业表现 科学研究证实有氧运动能够激活大脑海马区，改善记忆力、情绪与睡眠，从而提升学生学习成绩 Passage 11 书写减压缓解考试焦虑 复刻考前书写减压实验，再次验证书写焦虑情绪能够改善焦虑考生的应试表现 Passage 12 建筑使用者行为影响能耗 降低碳排放不能只依靠建筑技术革新，居民改变自身能源使用习惯、开展节能教育同样至关重要 Passage 13 印尼野生鸣禽保护困境 爪哇岛捕鸟猎人转型成为鸟类保护向导；当地养鸟传统文化与野生动物保护之间存在矛盾，需要全民参与保护 Passage 14 青少年心理健康隐形风险群体 研究发现大量刷媒体、睡眠不足、久坐不动的青少年，抑郁患病风险极高，却常常被家长老师忽视 Passage 15 “牙植眼” 手术治疗失明 介绍加拿大首例分两阶段实施的牙移植眼部手术，借助患者自身牙齿制作眼部植入物恢复视力，该技术已有五十余年历史 Passage 1 Some students get so nervous before a test. They do poorly even if they know the material. Sian Beilock, a professor at the University of Chicago in Illinois, has studied these highly anxious test-takers. The students start worrying about the results. And when we worry, it actually uses up attention and memory resources (资源). Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test. The researchers tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students. They gave them two short maths tests. After the first one, they asked the students to either sit quietly or write about their feelings about the upcoming second test. Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of 12% worse on the second test. But the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of 5%. Next, the researchers used younger students in a biology class. They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated to the test. Professor Beilock says highly anxious students who did the writing got an average grade of B+, compared to a B- for those who did not. “What we showed is that for students who are highly test-anxious, and who’d done our writing intervention (干预), all of a sudden there was no relationship between test anxiety and grades. They were performing just as well as their classmates who don’t normally get nervous in these tests.” But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam? Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home or in the library and still improve their performance. 1．What may the students start worrying about before an exam? A．What other students do during the test. B．Whether they can pass the exams. C．Whether they have remembered the materials. D．What kind of problems they will meet on the test paper. 2．What is the solution developed by the two researchers? A．Asking the students to think nothing of the test. B．Asking the students to focus on the test. C．Asking the students to write about their worries before the test. D．Asking the students to sit quietly before the test. 3．According to Professor Beilock, those who thought about things unrelated to the test ________. A．became less nervous before the test B．were better at controlling their feelings C．did better than those who took two tests D．did worse than those who wrote about their feelings 4．What can be learned from the last paragraph? A．Writing about worries before an exam can work a bit. B．Studying in the library can improve students’ performance. C．It doesn’t matter where to write about worries before an exam. D．Students can only write about worries right before an exam. Passage 2 An artificial intelligence (AI) software has been developed that can interpret hard-to-read texts on cuneiform tablets. It was created by a team from Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and Mainz University of Applied Sciences. Unlike previous methods that relied on photographs, the researchers used 3D models of nearly 2,000 cuneiform tablets — about 50 of which were from a collection at MLU — achieving significantly more reliable results. According to Hubert Mara, an assistant professor at MLU, approximately one million cuneiform tablets still exist worldwide, but many are heavily weathered and therefore difficult to decipher. His lab proposed the idea of developing an AI system based on 3D models. This new system interprets characters more effectively than earlier approaches. In principle, the AI operates similarly to Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software, which converts images of writing into machine-readable text. “OCR typically uses photographs, which works well for ink on paper. However, with cuneiform tablets, it's more challenging because lighting conditions greatly affect how well certain characters can be identified,” explains Ernst Stötzer from MLU. The team trained the new AI software, which successfully recognized the symbols on the tablets. “We were surprised that our system performed so well, even on heavily weathered tablets,” says Stötzer. The researchers’ work represents a major step forward in the study of ancient writing systems and opens up many new avenues for scientific exploration. Currently, the software can translate symbols from two languages, but there are a total of twelve known cuneiform languages. In the future, the software could also help decipher other weathered inscriptions, which, like cuneiform, are three-dimensional. 1．What is the purpose of the new AI system? A．To create 3D models for damaged cuneiform tablets. B．To discover cuneiform tablets all over the world. C．To read symbols on cuneiform tablets. D．To date different cuneiform tablets. 2．What makes the new AI system different from previous methods? A．It is based on 3D models. B．It uses a set of OCR software. C．It can recognize computer texts. D．It includes twelve cuneiform languages. 3．What impressed Stötzer during the research? A．The long history of cuneiform tablets. B．The effectiveness of the new AI system. C．The influence of ancient writing systems. D．The difficulty of protecting weathered inscriptions. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward the new AI system? A．Indifferent. B．Objective. C．Curious. D．Positive. Passage 3 When we are young, we learn that tigers and sharks are dangerous animals. We might be scared of them because they are big and powerful. As we get older, however, we learn that sometimes the most dangerous animals are also the smallest animals. In fact, the animal that kills the most people is one that you are familiar with: the mosquito (蚊子). While it may seem that all mosquitoes are biters, this is not actually the case. Male mosquitoes eat plant nectar. On the other hand, female mosquitoes feed on animal blood. When a female mosquito bites a human being, it transmits (传播) saliva into the blood. This saliva may or may not contain a deadly disease. The result of the bite can be minor or as serious as death. Because a mosquito can bite many people in its life, it can carry deadly diseases from one person to another very easily. More than 700 million people become sick from these diseases every year. At least 2 million of these people will die from these diseases. In some households, mosquito nets are placed over beds to protect people against being bitten. Mosquitoes have many natural enemies like bats, birds, dragonflies, and certain kinds of fish. Bringing more of these animals into places where mosquitoes live might help to cut down the number of mosquitoes in that area. This is a natural solution, but it does not always work very well. Mosquitoes can also be killed with poisons or sprays. But these sprays may also harm other plants or animals. Although mosquitoes may not seem as scary as larger, more powerful animals, they are far more dangerous to human beings. But things are changing. It is highly likely that one day scientists will find a way to keep everyone safe from mosquitoes and the diseases they carry. 1．Why does the passage mention dangerous animals like tigers and sharks? A．To compare different animals. B．To lead into the topic about mosquitoes. C．To show how dangerous tigers and sharks are. D．To show people’s misunderstanding of dangerous animals. 2．What can we learn about mosquitoes? A．Female mosquitoes might transmit diseases to humans. B．The saliva of female mosquitoes contains deadly diseases. C．Male mosquitoes and female mosquitoes have the same eating habits. D．More than 700 million people die from the diseases carried by the mosquitoes. 3．What’s paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Scientists are making efforts to kill mosquitoes. B．Some useful measures are taken to kill mosquitoes. C．There is no perfect solution to the mosquito problem. D．Mosquitoes’ natural enemies could protect human beings. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of solving the mosquito problem? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Unclear. D．Negative. Passage 4 In recent years, the sharp increase in global rocket launches has transformed the sky, fueled by the rapid growth of the space industry. This creates major opportunities but also raises environmental challenges. Pollutants released during rocket launches and re-entry are left in the middle atmosphere, where they can damage the ozone layer (臭氧层) which protects Earth against harmful ultraviolet radiation. Investigations into how rocket emissions (排放) affect ozone began more than three decades ago, but for many years the impact was considered minimal. As the frequency of launches continues to rise, this view is shifting. In 2019, only 97 orbital launches were recorded worldwide, but by 2024, the figure had climbed to 258, with projections pointing to continued rapid growth. Unlike ground-level pollutants, emissions from rockets and re-entering satellites can stay in the middle and upper atmosphere up to 100 times longer, since removal processes such as precipitation do not occur at those heights. While most launches take place in the Northern Hemisphere, the atmospheric flow eventually distributes the pollutants globally. Recently, researchers from ETH Zurich and the Physical Meteorological Observatory in Davos, in cooperation with Laura Revell’s international team at the University of Canterbury, used a chemistry-climate model to see how future emissions might impact the ozone layer by 2030. With 2,040 annual launches by 2030 — roughly eight times the 2024 total — the model predicts that global average ozone thickness would decrease by nearly 0.3%. Seasonal losses could reach as much as 4% over Antarctica, where the ozone hole continues to reappear each spring. While these reductions may appear small, the context is critical. The ozone layer is still recovering from the earlier loss caused by long-lived chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which were banned under the 1989 Montreal Protocol. Even today, global ozone thickness remains about 2% below pre-industrial levels, and the full recovery is not expected until around 2066. But we believe a launch industry that avoids ozone-damaging effects is entirely possible: Monitoring rocket emissions and carrying out necessary and appropriate regulations are all key to ensuring that the ozone layer continues its recovery. This requires scientists, policymakers, and industry to work together. 1．What is the current view on rocket emissions? A．Their impact will become severe. B．Their distribution is location-limited. C．They will decrease at a faster speed. D．They can be removed by precipitation. 2．Why was the recent research on rocket emissions conducted? A．To seek potential solutions. B．To look into their future effect. C．To address climate change challenges. D．To figure out the leading contributors. 3．What is the function of paragraph 6? A．To show protecting the ozone layer is possible. B．To indicate the dark future of the space industry. C．To argue that the model predictions are worrying. D．To set standards for global average ozone thickness. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Global Rocket Launches Are Rocketing B．Can the Ozone Layer Still Protect Earth? C．Rockets Could Eat Away at the Ozone Layer D．Can Ozone-damaging Effects Be Avoided? Passage 5 In the USA, many high schools and some colleges and universities have a special celebration (庆典) once a year called Homecoming. Former students and teachers come back to the school to enjoy the memories of their time there and the many Homecoming activities. Homecoming might last for only one day or for several days, even one week. High schools usually choose one boy and one girl from the senior class to be the “Homecoming King” and “Homecoming Queen”: The students usually choose a boy and a girl who have done a lot for the school. Most schools have a Homecoming parade (游行). The school band will often lead the way, followed by many different cars and trucks. Most schools also have a football game for Homecoming — and, of course, tailgate parties. A tailgate party is a group of people drinking and eating around the back of someone’s pick-up truck. There are many other activities that might be a part of the Homecoming celebration. There might be a school-wide picnic one day; another day, there may be plays, concerts, competitions or games, all depending on a school’s traditions. Homecoming celebrations nearly always end with a dance and/or a great dinner. The school is decorated beautifully, and a band is paid to come and play. Students dress up: guys in suits and girls in beautiful dresses. 1．Homecoming in the USA ________. A．is held only in high schools B．is held to celebrate the birth of schools C．might last from one day to one week D．might be prepared for students only 2．“King and Queen of Homecoming” are chosen according to ________. A．their contributions to the school B．their healthy bodies C．their excellent. grades in study D．their good-looking faces 3．All the activities might be found at the Homecoming except ________. A．an exam B．a football game C．a picnic D．a parade 4．The “tailgate” is most probably ________ a truck or a car. A．in front of B．in the middle of C．on the top of D．at the back of Passage 6 “When I think of England, I think of the queen taking her dogs for a walk in the countryside,” says Carsten Haferkamp, a dog-owning German architect working in London. There may be something in the stereotype. Data from Tractive, a firm that provides GPS tracking for pets, show that Britons walk their dogs more than their European neighbours do. The British love for dog-walking may have more to do with the walking than the dogs. Britons are big walkers — they came fifth in the world in a study in 2017, the highest in Europe. Dogs provide walkers with company (陪伴) and a purpose, so it may be that walking encourages dog-ownership, not the other way around. But Julien Dugnoille, an expert at Exeter University, thinks dog-walking has a deeper significance. Dogs, he suggests, are a useful aid to a socially awkward nation. “Britons tend to see dog-walking as a rare opportunity to socialise with strangers, to have a chat with strangers and exchange a few jokes and comments about the weather without putting themselves in danger (i.e., without being too committed in their interaction).” The British aristocracy (贵族) has a tradition of keeping and training dogs. This makes Dr Dugnoille think that dog-walking still has some of its old glory (荣耀).Dr Dugnoille says that when people in the park say “Max is very well-behaved”, “it’s a way to show that they are good at taming (驯养) dogs. This is an advantage over those dog owners who can’t control their own dogs.” However, Britons shouldn’t feel too proud about how they treat their dogs, because they are all hypocritical (虚伪的) to some extent. Dr Carri Westgarth from Liverpool University says, “People say a dog needs a walk every day, but they will find excuses for why their dog doesn’t need a walk. They will say: he has company inside, he is nervous or he doesn’t like the rain.” 1．Why does the author mention the queen in paragraph 1? A．To demonstrate the queen’s love for dogs. B．To show the British love for walking dogs. C．To show a foreigner’s impression of England. D．To introduce the importance of dog-walking for Europeans. 2．What can we infer from Julien Dugnoille’s view? A．Dog-walking contributes to easy social communications. B．Britons are very confident when socializing with strangers. C．Britons prefer to walk rather than walk the dog. D．Britons have deep conversations with strangers during dog-walking. 3．Some British dog owners say their dogs don’t need a walk. According to Dr Carri Westgarth, which of the following statements might be the real reason? A．The dogs are too old to walk. B．The owners are too busy to take them out. C．The dogs have company indoors. D．The dogs prefer to stay at home all day. 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Love Your Dog, Walk Your Dog B．Dog-walking: A New Fashion in Britain C．Dog-Walking in Britain: More Than Just a Walk D．Dog-walking in Britain: A Great Helper for Socializing Passage 7 Living and dealing with kids can be a tough job these days, but living and dealing with parents can be even tougher. If I have learned anything in my 16 years, it is that communication is very important, both when you disagree and when you get along. With any relationship, you need to let the other person know how you are feeling. If you are not able to communicate, you drift apart. When you are mad at your parents, or anyone else, not talking to them doesn’t solve anything. Communication begins with the concerns of another. It means that you can’t just come home from school, go up to your room and take no notice of anyone. Even if you just say “Hi”, and see how their day was for five minutes, it is better than nothing. If you looked up the word “communication” in a dictionary, it would say “the exchange of ideas, the conveyance (表达) of information, correspondence (通信), means of communication: a letter or a message”. To keep a good relationship, you must keep communication strong. Let people know how you feel, even if it’s just by writing a note. When dealing with parents, you always have to make them feel good about how they are doing as a parent. If you are trying to make them see something as you see it, tell them that you’ll listen to what they have to say, and ask them politely to listen to you. Shouting or walking away only makes the situation worse. Here is an example: one night, Sophie went to a street party with her friends. She knew she had to be home by midnight after the fireworks, but she didn’t feel she could just ask to go home. That would be rude. After all, they had been nice enough to take her along with them. Needless to say, she was late getting home. Her parents were mad at first, but when Sophie explained why she was late, they weren’t as mad and let it go. Communication is the key here. If Sophie’s parents had not been willing to listen, Sophie would have been in a lot of trouble. Communication isn’t a one-way matter: it goes both ways. Just remember: if you get into a situation like Sophie’s, tell the other person how you feel — listening is the key to communication. 1．The underlined phrase “ drift apart” in Paragraph 2 means __________. A．distance yourself from others B．move along smoothly C．keep up with others D．come closer to each other 2．According to the passage, communication begins with ________. A．sharing your own feelings openly B．being aware of others’ needs and feelings C．starting a talk with a written message D．responding to others’ actions immediately 3．The author uses Sophie’s example in paragraph 6 to show that ________. A．parents should always forgive their kids B．communication is the key to solving problems C．it’s rude to leave a party early D．friends are more important than parents 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．You don’t need to talk to your parents if you are mad. B．Shouting at your parents will make things better. C．Listening is important for effective communication. D．Communication is only necessary for kids and parents. Passage 8 Imagine trying to sleep while cars roar past your window and airplanes thunder overhead. Not only is the noise annoying (令人恼怒的) — it could actually be damaging your health. Scientists have known for decades that constant loud sounds can hurt us, but it is only in recent years that it has been seen as a common and serious problem. In a new review of previously published studies, researchers from Germany and Denmark took a look at the ways in which noises, such as an airplane passing by or jackhammer digging in the ground, can affect our hearts. Perhaps the most obvious impact of a loud sound while you are sleeping is that it can wake you up. But, even if you don’t remember hearing the noise or you don’t physically get out of bed, it can disrupt you in ways you may not realize. “Noise is not just causing annoyance, but it actually makes us sick,” said Dr. Thomas Münzel, a professor at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz. “Regardless of where the sound is coming from, if it gets louder than 60 decibels (分贝), it can increase the risk of heart disease.” When our body hears these noises, it reacts with a stress reaction. In this case, these sudden and unexpected noises cause hormones (荷尔蒙) to speed up and eventually damage the heart. Although the chance that a single noise will affect you is unlikely, it’s the continuous exposure (接触) to the sound that can finally affect you. “But our heart health isn’t the only cause for concern. Long-term noise may also raise the risk of type 2 diabetes (糖尿病), depression, and anxiety disorders,” he warns. In the future, Münzel plans to examine how noises from cars, planes, and other vehicles affect the brain. But despite the amount or the depth of research he conducts, it’ll take the help of politicians to improve the effect of noise on our health. “Politicians have to take into account, in particular, the new findings,” Münzel said, “As for aircraft noise and airports, it is important to make new laws and set new lower noise limits that protect people living close by the airport instead of the owners of the airport.” 1．Which word can replace the underlined word “disrupt” in Paragraph 2? A．Defeat. B．Challenge. C．Attract. D．Harm. 2．Which of the following statements would Dr. Münzel probably agree with? A．People who sleep lightly are more likely to be affected by noise than deep sleepers. B．Any noise above 60 decibels will definitely cause heart disease. C．Politicians should play a role in reducing noise pollution. D．New laws should focus on protecting airport owners rather than nearby residents. 3．The author’s tone in the passage is best described as . A．positive B．concerned C．humorous D．amazed 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．How Noise Pollution Harms Our Body B．Who Is Responsible for Noise Pollution C．How Münzel Carried Out His Research D．What Should Be Done to Stop Noise Passage 9 The Digital Age is a period characterized by the rapid advancement of digital technologies, which have drastically reshaped various aspects of human life, particularly communication. It has speeded up the accessibility of communication, resulting in a new language landscape. Digital communication has given rise to an explosion of new vocabulary, as digital communication platforms continuously evolve. Many new terms have emerged to describe digital experiences, interactions, and phenomena, such as “selfie,” “hashtag,” and “meme.” These words have become integral to everyday language and reflect the changing ways in which individuals communicate and share their identities online. Digital communication has significantly changed the way individuals express themselves. One key change is the shift toward informality and briefness in communication. Abbreviations (缩写) such as “LOL,” “OMG” (Oh My God), and “IDK” (I Don’t Know) have become common in everyday conversation, especially in digital spaces where quick exchanges are essential. One of the most groundbreaking innovations in digital communication is the development of AI-powered machine translation tools, such as Google Translate and Deepl. These tools have dramatically increased the accessibility of content across different languages, enabling users to communicate with others who speak different languages in real time. However, the widespread use of machine translation also presents several challenges. While AI translation tools have made significant advancements, issues related to accuracy and cultural difference remain. For instance, machine translation may struggle with slang (俚语) or context dependent meanings that are integral to certain languages. This can lead to mistranslations or misunderstandings. In addition to the technical challenges, there is also the issue of language diversity. Machine translation tools primarily focus on widely spoken languages, leaving less commonly spoken languages underrepresented. As technology continues to shape communication, it is essential to promote digital inclusivity, ensuring that all languages, cultures, and communities are represented and supported in the digital landscape. This will require a shared effort to bridge the digital divide, protect language heritage, and make the digital world accessible to everyone, regardless of the language they speak. 1．What is the primary function of new digital vocabulary like “selfie”? A．To simplify online communication. B．To replace traditional words and phrases. C．To label new digital actions and concepts. D．To standardize daily languages across platforms. 2．Why do AI translators still fall short according to the author? A．They struggle with born-digital materials. B．They miss implied cultural meaning. C．They have a delay in real-time conversation. D．They ignore users’ emotions completely. 3．What’s the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To criticize machine translation tools. B．To call for diversifying digital languages. C．To argue for preserving digital new words. D．To promote digital words in less developed area. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The evolution of digital languages. B．The informality of digital communication. C．The explosion of new digital vocabulary. D．The influence of digital communication. Passage 10 If you thought that your child’s academic performance is based simply on the number of hours spent on studying, you are wrong. Good grades are a result of many factors, everything from the child’s brains to the environment they are in. And one of the major, mostly ignored, influencing factors’ is physical health. Physical activity and health actually can improve a person’s ability to learn. According to the National Academy of Medicine, exercise can improve a child’s cognitive (认知的) abilities, health, and academic performance significantly. According to a study by the University of British Columbia, regular aerobic (有氧的) exercise betters the functioning of the hippocampus, the area of the brain involved in learning and memory. Other forms of exercise like balance exercises, muscle exercises, and resistance training did not have the same result on the brain. The effect of exercise on memory and thinking is both direct and indirect. Directly, regular exercise gives the ability to increase the release of growth factors. These growth factors are chemicals in the brain that affect the growth. The growth of new blood vessels, the health of brain cells, as well as the survival of new brain cells. On the other hand, getting enough exercise will improve sleep quality and mood. It will also reduce stress and anxiety. It is believed that the benefits of exercise during the school day are greater than those coming from increasing class time. Furthermore, the greatest cognitive benefits from physical education have been seen to come about when physical education was given either in the first half of the day or midday rather than at the end of the day. In order to get the children moving, rest time, PE classes, biking or walking to school should be promoted, Activities like after-school sports that used to be held at school should be restarted. Physical activity should not be seen as a dispensable option but as an important educational concern. 1．What factor is often forgotten when it comes to good grades? A．Child’s High IQ. B．A good environment. C．Physical health. D．The hours spent on learning. 2．Which of the following exercises is best for learning and memory? A．Regular aerobic exercise. B．Balance exercise. C．Muscle exercise. D．Resistance training. 3．How does exercise influence thinking indirectly? A．By releasing growth factors in large numbers. B．By influencing the growth of new blood vessels. C．By affecting the survival of new brain cells. D．By improving a person’s mood and sleep quality. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Mental health should never be ignored. B．Physical education class is really a good option. C．Exercise may contribute to good academic grades. D．Different exercises have different results on the brain. Passage 11 Some students get so nervous before a test. They do poorly even if they know the material. Sian Beilock, a professor at the University of Chicago in Illinois, has studied these highly anxious test-takers. The students start worrying about the results. And when they worry, it actually uses up attention and memory resources (资源). Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test. The researchers tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students. They gave them two short maths tests. After the first one, they asked the students to either sit quietly or write about their feelings about the upcoming second test. Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of 12% worse on the second test. However, the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of 5%. Next, the researchers used younger students in a biology class. They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated to the test. Professor Beilock says highly anxious students who did the writing got an average grade of B+, compared to a B- for those who did not. “What we showed is that for students who are highly test-anxious, who’d done our writing intervention (干预), all of a sudden there was no relationship between test anxiety and performance. They were performing just as well as their classmates who don’t normally get nervous in these tests.” But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam? Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home or in the library and still improve their performance. 1．What may the students start worrying about before an exam? A．What other students do during the test. B．Whether they can pass the exams. C．Whether they have remembered the materials. D．What kind of problems they will meet on the test paper. 2．What is the solution developed by the two researchers? A．Asking the students to think nothing of the test. B．Asking the students to focus on the test. C．Asking the students to write about their worries before the test. D．Asking the students to sit quietly before the test. 3．According to Professor Beilock, those who thought about things unrelated to the test _______. A．became less nervous before the test. B．were better at controlling their feelings. C．did better than those who took two tests. D．did worse than those who wrote about their feelings. 4．What can be learned from the last paragraph? A．Writing about worries before an exam can work a bit. B．Studying in the library can improve students’ performance. C．Students can also benefit from writing at home. D．Students should avoid taking tests too often. Passage 12 The behaviour of a building’s users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions (排放) by 80 percent by 2050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero-carbon by 2016. But this report shows that sustainable (可持续的) building design on its own — though very important — is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too. The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency, which instead focus on architectural and technological developments. “Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything,” explains Katy Janda, a UKERC senior researcher, “consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.” In other words, old habits die hard, even in the best-designed eco-home. Another part of the problem is information. Households and bill-payers don’t have the knowledge they need to change their energy-use habits. Without specific information, it’s hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices. Feedback (反馈) facilities, like smart metres and energy monitors, could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use; some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart metres. Social science research has added a further dimension (方面) , suggesting that individuals’ behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be known ahead of time — whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat (恒温器), for example. Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused program to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them. 1．About energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of ____________. A．zero-carbon homes B．sustainable building design C．the behaviour of building users D．the reduction of carbon emissions 2．The underlined word “which” in Paragraph 2 refers to “____________”. A．the ways B．existing efforts C．their homes D．developments 3．What are Katy Janda’s words mainly about? A．The importance of changing building users’ habits. B．The necessity of making a careful building design. C．The variety of consumption patterns of building users. D．The role of technology in improving energy efficiency. 4．What does the dimension added by social science research suggest? A．The behaviour preference of building users is similar. B．The education program is under discussion. C．The social science research is to be furthered. D．The behaviour of building users is unexpected. Passage 13 Ten years ago, when Kelik Suparno heard the song of a bird, he thought of money. A single bird could bring him much at a busy market. Today, he listens for the same sound with a new purpose. As a nature guide in Java, he introduces visitors to his favorite bird. Suparno, once a hunter (猎人), now earns a living by protecting these birds, showing that change is possible. Indonesia has become the center of what experts call the Asian songbird crisis (危机). Across the country, the illegal (非法的) trade of wild birds puts at least 26 kinds of birds in danger. The crisis is worsened by the growing popularity of birdsong competitions, where owners of caged (笼中的) birds compete for prizes. These events attract thousands each year and have created a nationwide market. As a result, wild bird numbers drop fast, raising fears that many birds could vanish in the near future. For centuries, keeping songbirds has been a tradition in Java. Today, up to 84 million caged birds are believed to be kept on the island. For many, birds stand for success and bring a sense of peace. In Yogyakarta, the cultural “soul” of Java, waking to the sound of a bird’s gentle call is considered a good thing. This culture, however, now stands in direct conflict(冲突) with the need to protect wildlife. Some keepers and competition organizers are starting to act. They encourage people to use birds born in cages, not those taken from the wild. Special notes are put on young birds to prove where they come from. Such measures are seen as key steps in cutting down the need for wild songbirds. Yet problems remain, as many buyers still believe wild-caught birds are better singers. Environmental experts point out that the future of Indonesia’s birds cannot rest on a few villages or keepers alone. From hunters and traders to bird lovers and policymakers, everyone’s taking part matters. 1．What does Suparno do for a living now? A．He trains nature guides. B．He focuses on bird protection. C．He holds bird competitions. D．He sells home-raised birds. 2．What does the underlined word “vanish” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Disappear. B．Grow. C．Compete. D．Return. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The popularity of wild birds. B．The rules in the birdsong competition. C．The challenges facing the bird keepers. D．The way to stop wild birds being caught. 4．What can be known about bird protection in Indonesia? A．It remains hopeless. B．Everyone has a role to play. C．Hunters should give up traditions. D．It sets a good example to others. Passage 14 While teenagers who are at risk of depression with risky behaviors—drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes and cutting classes often alert parents and teachers that serious problems are brewing (酝酿), a new study finds that there’s another group of adolescents who are in nearly as much danger of experiencing the same mental symptoms. These teens use tons of media, get insufficient sleep and have a sedentary (久坐的) lifestyle. Of course, that may sound like a description of every teenager on the planet. But the study warns that it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme that are truly in a dangerous position. Because their behaviors are not usually seen as a red flag, these young people have been called the “invisible risk” group by the study’s authors. The study’s authors surveyed 15,395 students and analyzed nine risk behaviors, including excessive (过多的) alcohol use, heavy smoking and high media use. Their aim was to determine the relationship between these risk behaviors and mental health issues in teenagers. The group that scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors was most likely to show symptoms of depression, in all, nearly 15% of this group reported being depressed, compared with just 4% of the low-risk group. But the invisible group wasn’t far behind the high-risk set, with more than 13% of them exhibiting depression. The findings caught Carli off guard. “We didn’t expect that,” he says. “The high-risk group and low-risk group are obvious, but this third group was not only unexpected. It was so distinct and so larger— nearly one third of our sample— that it became a key finding of the study.” Carli says that one of the most significant things about his study is that it provides new early warning signs for parents, teachers and mental health-care providers. And early identifications, support and treatment for mental health issues, he says, are the best ways to keep them from turning into full-blown disorders. 1．Which teenager probably belongs to the “invisible group”? A．A teenager who drinks frequently. B．A teenager who exercises regularly. C．A teenager who skips school. D．A teenager who suffers from a lack of sleep. 2．What can we know about the new study? A．It was intended to dig into the reasons for depression. B．Its findings were under expectation of the research team. C．It was conducted by analyzing and comparing the previous data. D．It revealed an alarming rate of the invisible group suffering depression. 3．What is Carli’s attitude toward the findings? A．Unclear. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent. 4．What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To introduce a new therapy for teens’ mental disorder. B．To share a novel psychological experiment with teens. C．To caution teens against developing unhealthy habits. D．To warn about the unobserved signals for teens’ mental problems. Passage 15 For the first time in Canada, surgeons have successfully carried out the first stage of a procedure involving implanting (植入) a tooth into the eyes of people with a type of severe blindness in the hopes of restoring their vision. Known as “tooth-in-eye” surgery, the operation was recently carried out in three patients with severe corneal (角膜的) blindness. Tooth-in-eye surgery aims to change that in two surgeries. This first step is the creation of the implant. This requires the removal of one of the patient’s teeth, which is shaved down into a square-like shape with a hole drilled into it that will hold a plastic optical lens (光学透镜). The shaped tooth is then placed inside the patient’s cheek, where it stays for around three months to develop new tissue and a blood supply. Once that’s happened, in the second stage, surgeons remove the implant from the cheek and put it into the eye, where the plastic lens allows light through, restoring the patient’s vision. “It’s like replacing the windscreen on a car when it’s totally frosted over,” Dr Greg Moloney, who led the Canadian surgeries, told the Vancouver Sun. It might sound a bit unpleasant to put someone’s tooth in their eye, but it actually makes a lot of sense; both the fact that teeth are super hard and that it’s the patient’s own tooth increase the chances that the implant will last long term. “The procedure isn’t completely risk-free, but there is no risk of rejection, because we’re using part of the patient’s own body.” The patients are set to experience the second surgery later this year. One of those patients, Gail Chapman, was the first to receive the initial surgery and was hopeful of what the procedure could mean for her future. While this was a Canadian first, tooth-in-eye surgery is far from new. It’s been around since the 1960s, when it was pioneered by Italian Professor Benedetto Strampelli, and was later improved into the procedure that it is today. 1．What is involved in the first stage of the “tooth-in-eye” surgery? A．Placing the plastic lens in the eye. B．Restoring the patient’s eyesight partly. C．Removing a patient’s tooth for the implant. D．Moving the implant from the cheek to the eye. 2．What is the key role of the plastic optical lens in the second-stage surgery? A．To fix the tooth in the eye. B．To help the eye receive light. C．To reduce the pain of the patient. D．To accelerate the treatment process. 3．Why does the surgery use the patient’s own tooth? A．To simplify the surgical procedure. B．To reduce the risk of implant rejection. C．To lower the cost of the entire surgery. D．To make the implant look more natural. 4．What does the author think of the “tooth-in-eye” surgery? A．The surgery has been improved a little. B．There is a serious danger of infection during the surgery. C．The surgery will become popular in Canada. D．The surgery dates back over fifty years. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $