Unit 6 When disaster strikes灾害防范（单元阅读精练）英语新教材外研版八年级上册

**基本信息** 以“灾害防范与生命成长”为主题，整合真实时文与模拟中考题，通过词汇语法梳理与多样题型训练，培养语言能力与跨文化意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |时文阅读|2篇（夏威夷野火、科技预警）|单项选择，聚焦细节理解与推理|围绕灾害主题，渗透时态等语法，词汇与语篇内容紧密结合| |实战训练|3篇（海啸救人、心理重建、牛钰故事）|五选四、任务型简答等，模拟中考题型|从灾害应对到生命教育，阅读技能从信息提取到深层理解递进|

Unit 6 When disaster strikes 人与自然 — 灾害防范、生命安全 人与自我 — 逆境成长、生命教育 单元阅读精练 答案解析 模块 语篇名称 题源 题型 体裁 词数 核心主题 内容简述 时文阅读 Passage 1 真实新闻事件原创改编 单项选择（5 道） 记叙文 368 2023 夏威夷毛伊岛拉海纳野火灾难 取材夏威夷野火新闻，渗透时态，讲述灾害撤离与灾后救助 Passage 2 原创时事主题阅读 单项选择（5 道） 说明文 351 现代科技助力灾害预警 介绍我国灾害预警系统，科普多渠道预警技术应用 实战训练 Passage 1 原创模拟中考 五选四还原填空（4 空，1 干扰项） 记叙文 296 海啸少年 Tilly Smith 的救人故事 改编 Tilly Smith 故事，讲述识别海啸征兆避险救人经历 Passage 2 原创模拟中考 任务型简答（5 道） 说明文 274 灾后心理重建建议 科普灾害过后，幸存者走出心理阴影的实用方法 Passage 3 原创模拟中考 表格填空 + 简答 记叙文 318 “铁女孩” 牛钰成长故事 改编 Iron girl，梳理牛钰受灾后自强鼓励他人的历程 Passage 1 In August, 2023, 12-year-old Kini Varona was staying at her home in Lahaina, a beautiful seaside town on Hawaii’s Maui Island. She was enjoying a quiet afternoon at home while strong dry winds were blowing across the island. Nobody expected that a terrible wildfire would hit their town so quickly. When the fire first broke out, many local people were still going about their daily lives. The strong winds pushed the flames forward at high speed. Thick black smoke rose high into the sky and spread over the whole town. Unluckily, the local warning system failed. The power and internet services went down soon. Most people received no clear danger messages before the fire arrived. Some families were sleeping or shopping when the fire moved close to their houses. Kini’s family was greatly shocked. They saw bright orange fire lights moving toward their neighborhood. Without enough time to take most of their personal things, they ran away from their home at once. On their way to safety, they saw burning buildings and lots of broken trees. Many people lost their houses in the short disaster. Some families got separated in the heavy smoke. After the fire died down, the whole town turned into an ash-covered wasteland. Over two thousand buildings were destroyed. Lots of people became homeless survivors. Volunteers from different places sent food, water and encouraging messages to them. Though Kini felt sad for her lost hometown, she still held hope for the future. “Bad disasters bring great pain, but people’s love can help us walk out of the dark time,” she said in an interview later. 阅读理解：从A、B、C、D中选出一个正确答案。 ( )1. What was the weather condition when the wildfire hit Lahaina? A. Heavy rain was falling. B. Strong dry winds were blowing. C. Snow covered the whole island. D. A big flood washed the town. ( )2. Why didn’t most people get early warnings about the wildfire? A. No one knew the fire was burning. B. The warning system failed and power broke down. C. People refused to receive warning messages. D. Volunteers didn’t send any messages. ( )3. What did Kini’s family do when they saw the fire coming? A. They stayed inside and waited for help. B. They tried to put out the big fire by themselves. C. They left home quickly without many belongings. D. They collected lots of personal things first. ( )4. The underlined word "survivors" in Paragraph 4 means ____. A. 幸存者 B. 志愿者 C. 消防员 D. 游客 ( )5. What can we infer from Kini’s words in the last paragraph? A. The wildfire would happen again very soon. B. People’s care and love bring hope after disasters. C. Nothing could bring the old town back again. D. No volunteers would come to help the town. 【重难词汇梳理】 1. wildfire /ˈwaɪldfaɪə(r)/ n. 野火 2. thick /θɪk/ adj. 浓密的；混浊的 3. smoke /sməʊk/ n. （燃烧产生的）烟 4. warning /ˈwɔːnɪŋ/ n. 警告，警示 5. shocked /ʃɒkt/ adj. 震惊的 6. ash /æʃ/ n. 灰烬 7. survivor /səˈvaɪvə(r)/ n. 幸存者 8. encouraging /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒɪŋ/ adj. 令人鼓舞的 9. volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ n. 志愿者 10. interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/ n. 采访 【长难句分析】 1. She was enjoying a quiet afternoon at home while strong dry winds were blowing across the island. 结构：while引导时间状语从句，主从句同时使用过去进行时，单元核心语法。 句意：她正在家中享受安静的午后，与此同时，干燥的强风席卷整座岛屿。 2. Some families were sleeping or shopping when the fire moved close to their houses. 结构：was/were doing … when …，过去进行时固定句型，“正在做某事，这时突然……”。 句意：一些家庭正在睡觉或者购物，这时大火逼近了他们的房屋。 3. Though Kini felt sad about her lost hometown, she still held hope for the future. 结构：though引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”。 句意：尽管基尼为被毁的家乡感到悲伤，但她依旧对未来抱有希望。 【全文翻译】 2023年8月，12岁的基尼·瓦罗娜居住在夏威夷毛伊岛风景优美的海滨小镇拉海纳。当干燥的强风席卷全岛的时候，她正在家中度过一个安静的午后。没有人预料到一场可怕的野火会如此迅速袭击小镇。 火灾刚刚爆发的时候，很多当地人还在照常生活。狂风推动火焰飞速蔓延。浓重的黑烟升腾而起，笼罩整座城镇。不幸的是，当地预警系统失灵，电力与网络很快中断。大部分居民在大火到来之前没有收到清晰的危险提示。有些家庭正在睡觉或者购物，大火就已经逼近房屋。 基尼一家人大为震惊。他们看见橘红色火光朝着居民区逼近。已经没有时间带走大部分个人物品，他们立刻逃离家园。在前往安全地带的路上，他们看见燃烧的建筑和大量折断的树木。很多人在这场短暂的灾难中失去家园，部分家庭在浓重烟雾中失散。 大火熄灭之后，整座小镇变成被灰烬覆盖的废墟。两千多栋建筑遭到损毁，大量民众成为无家可归的幸存者。来自各地的志愿者送来食物、饮用水以及鼓舞人心的留言。虽然基尼为逝去的家乡感到悲伤，但她依旧心怀希望。她在后续采访中说道：“可怕的灾难会带来巨大痛苦，但人们的善意与爱可以帮助我们走出黑暗的时光。” 【答案解析】 1. B 细节题。原文第一段｀while strong dry winds were blowing across the island｀火灾发生时干燥的强风正在肆虐岛屿。A大雨、C下雪、D洪水文中均未提及。 2. B 细节题。定位第二段｀Unluckily, the local warning system failed. The power and internet services went down soon.`预警系统失效，电力网络中断，人们收不到预警消息。其余选项与原文事实不符。 3. C 细节题。第三段｀Without enough time to take most of their personal things, they ran away from their home at once.`他们来不及拿很多个人物品，迅速逃离家园。 4. A 词义猜测题。大火过后失去家园活下来的人是survivors，词义为“幸存者”。 5. B 推理判断题。根据文末基尼的话，灾难带来伤痛，但人间的爱可以帮助人们走出黑暗，可以推断灾难之后人们的关爱能够带来希望。A火灾很快会再次发生、C小镇再也无法复原、D没有志愿者前来帮助，均与原文信息矛盾。 Passage 2 Now natural-disaster warning systems play an important role in China. The government uses many different ways to send warnings before disasters come. Text messages, TV notices and online news can tell people about the coming danger. In many communities, loud warning alarms will go off to remind local people. With the development of new technology, warning time for storms in China has been greatly improved. For some kinds of storms, the early‑warning time has reached 42 minutes, and over 90% of these warnings are correct. Besides storms, the system can also give early tips for rainstorms, wildfires and tsunamis. But for earthquakes, the warning time is still very short, because earthquakes happen extremely fast. A special safety app also becomes popular among teenagers. It can show users’ local position and let people mark their own living areas. Once a natural disaster is on the way, the app will send out messages at once. It tells users how serious the coming disaster may be. What’s more, it offers practical advice: which safe place people should go to and how to protect themselves from danger. Experts say warnings cannot stop natural disasters, but they can buy people valuable time for self-protection. Learning to pay attention to disaster warnings is a necessary life skill for every student. When we receive warning messages, we should act quickly and follow safety advice. 阅读理解：从A、B、C、D中选出一个正确答案。 ( )1. What can we know about China’s storm warnings? A. All the storm warnings are 100% correct B. Some storm warning time can reach 42 minutes C. Earthquakes can get 42-minute warningsning time D. No alarms work in communities for storms ( )2. Why is the warning time for earthquakes very short? A. Earthquakes happen in a very quick way B. People refuse to receive earthquake warnings C. The app cannot work during earthquakes D. There are no warning systems for earthquakes ( )3. Which of the following is NOT the function of the safety app? A. Show users’ local position B. Tell how serious the disaster will be C. Offer advice on safe places D. Stop earthquakes and wildfires directly ( )4. The underlined word "valuable" in the last paragraph means ____. A. 无用的 B. 宝贵的 C. 短暂的 D. 无聊的 ( )5. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Different kinds of natural disasters around the world B. Why earthquakes are the most dangerous disasters C. Modern disaster warning technology in China and its value D. How teenagers can survive big volcano eruptions 【重难词汇梳理】 1. warning /ˈwɔːnɪŋ/ n. 警告，警示 2. tsunami /tsuˈnɑːmi/ n. 海啸 3. rainstorm /ˈreɪnstɔːm/ n. 暴风雨 4. service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ n. 交通服务；此处引申为预警服务 5. expert /ˈekspɜːt/ n. 专家 6. terrible /ˈterəbl/ adj. 非常严重的 7. danger /ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ n. 危险 8. service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ n. 服务 9. position /pəˈzɪʃn/ n. 位置 10. protect /prəˈtekt/ v. 保护 【长难句分析】 1. With the development of new technology, warning time for storms in China has been greatly improved. 结构：with介词短语作伴随状语；现在完成时被动语态。 句意：随着新技术的发展，我国风暴灾害预警时间得到大幅提升。 2. Once a natural disaster is on the way, the app will send out messages at once. 结构：once引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦”。 句意：一旦自然灾害即将来临，这款应用会立刻推送消息。 3. Experts say warnings cannot stop natural disasters, but they can buy people valuable time for self-protection. 结构：宾语从句，but连接转折并列分句。 句意：专家表示预警不能阻止自然灾害发生，但可以为人们争取宝贵的自我保护时间。 【全文翻译】 如今自然灾害预警系统在中国发挥重大作用。政府会在灾害来临之前通过多种渠道发布预警，如短信、电视通知、网络新闻，告知民众即将到来的危险。很多社区会响起响亮警报提醒当地居民。 伴随新技术发展，我国风暴预警时长得到大幅提升。部分风暴预警时间可以达到42分钟，预警准确率超过90%。除风暴之外，这套系统还可以对暴雨、野火、海啸发出预警提示。但是地震预警时间依旧很短，因为地震发生速度极快。 一款特殊安全APP在青少年群体中流行。它可以显示用户的地理位置，用户还可以标记自己所在生活区域。一旦自然灾害将要到来，APP会立刻推送消息。它会告知用户灾害可能的严重程度，还提供实用建议：应该前往哪个安全地点，如何保护自己远离危险。 专家说预警无法阻止自然灾害，但是可以为人们争取宝贵的自我保护时间。学会关注灾害预警，对每一名学生来说都是必备生活技能。收到预警信息，我们要迅速行动，遵守安全建议。 【答案解析】 1. B 细节题。原文第二段｀For some kinds of storms, the early‑warning time has reached 42 minutes｀部分风暴预警可达42分钟。A准确率90%不是100%；C地震预警时间很短；D社区有警报。 2. A 细节题。定位第二段｀because earthquakes happen extremely fast｀地震发生速度极快，所以预警时间很短。 3. D 细节排除题。APP无法直接阻止地震野火，其余三项均为原文介绍的软件功能。 4. B 词义猜测题。预警争取的是宝贵避险时间，valuable意为宝贵的。 5. C 主旨题。整篇介绍我国现代灾害预警技术以及它的价值；A、B、D偏离文章中心。 Passage 1 When Tilly Smith was on holiday by the seaside, she remembered what her geography teacher had taught at school. One morning, she noticed something strange on the beach. _____1_____. The water moved far away from the coast. Lots of fish were left on the sand. Most tourists felt excited and walked towards the water to pick up fish. _____2_____. She knew these were clear signs of a coming tsunami. Tilly tried to warn her parents first. Then she ran around the beach and shouted to other visitors. _____3_____. Some tourists did not believe her at first. Luckily, her parents helped her explain the danger. Gradually more and more people left the beach for higher ground. Minutes later, huge waves hit the coast. The terrible tsunami came. ____4_____. Tilly’s school geography lesson saved lots of visitors’ lives. 从下面选出正确的选项填入原文，使原文内容完整，有一项为多余选项。 A. Tilly became very worried at once B. No one was hurt on that beach C. Tilly saw the sea behave in an unusual way D. All visitors stayed and enjoyed the beautiful sea view E. She told them that a tsunami was coming 【重难词汇梳理】 1. tsunami /tsuˈnɑːmi/ n. 海啸 2. coast /kəʊst/ n. 海岸 3. sign /saɪn/ n. 征兆，迹象 4. tourist /ˈtʊərɪst/ n. 游客 5. gradually /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ adv. 逐渐地 6. warning /ˈwɔːnɪŋ/ n. 警告 7. behave /bɪˈheɪv/ v. 表现 8. higher ground 高地 【长难句分析】 1. When Tilly Smith was on holiday by the seaside, she remembered what her geography teacher had taught at school. 结构：when引导时间状语从句，remember后接what引导宾语从句。 句意：蒂莉·史密斯在海边度假的时候，想起地理老师在学校讲授过的知识。 2. She knew these were clear signs of a coming tsunami. 结构：宾语从句；signs of ……的征兆。 句意：她明白这些就是海啸即将到来的明确征兆。 【全文翻译】 蒂莉·史密斯在海边度假时，想起地理老师在校讲授的知识。一天早上，她在海滩发现反常现象。蒂莉看到大海出现异常的变化。 海水远远退离海岸，大量鱼被留在沙滩。大部分游客十分兴奋，走向海边捡鱼。蒂莉立刻感到十分担忧。她知道，这些都是海啸即将来临的明显征兆。 蒂莉首先提醒自己的父母，接着她跑遍海滩向其他游客呼喊。她告诉大家海啸就要来了。一些游客起初并不相信，幸运的是她的父母帮忙解释危险。越来越多游客离开海滩，跑到地势更高的地方。 几分钟之后巨浪冲击海岸，可怕的海啸来袭。那片海滩无人受伤。蒂莉在学校学到的地理知识挽救许多游客生命。 【答案解析】 1.C 承接后文描写海水异常退去，C句引出大海反常现象。 2.A 看到危险征兆，蒂莉内心感到担忧，开启下文救人行动。 3.E 承接前文她向游客呼喊，E说明她呼喊传递的内容。 4.B 人们提前撤离，海啸到来之后海滩无人受伤。D为干扰项，与全文逻辑矛盾。 Passage 2 Natural disasters can bring great pain to people. Even after the disaster ends, some survivors may still feel sad, afraid or lonely for a long time. Here is some practical advice for teenagers to understand disaster survivors’ feelings. First, listen patiently. When survivors want to talk about their bad experiences, just listen quietly. You don’t always need to give lots of advice. Sometimes, listening itself is great support. Second, give encouraging words. Simple warm sentences can cheer them up and give them hope to look forward. Third, never push them to forget bad memories quickly. Coming out of the shadows takes plenty of time. We should respect their own speed of recovery. Fourth, invite them to take part in small happy activities. Small things like taking a walk or reading books together can help them relax. Experts also point out: if you cannot get out of bad feelings after seeing terrible-disaster news, you can turn to your parents or teachers for help. It is okay for us to feel scared after learning about disasters. 用简练的语言回答下列问题，每个答案不超过6个单词。 1. What feeling may survivors keep long after disasters? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is great support for survivors sometimes? ____________________________________________________________________________________________3. What can warm encouraging words bring to survivors? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What should we respect about survivors’ recovery? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Who can we ask for help with bad feelings? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【重难词汇梳理】 1. survivor /səˈvaɪvə(r)/ n. 幸存者 2. encouraging /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒɪŋ/ adj. 令人鼓舞的 3. respect /rɪˈspekt/ v. 尊重 4. recovery /rɪˈkʌvəri/ n. 恢复 5. patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ adj. 耐心的 6. shadow /ˈʃædəʊ/ n. 阴影 7. point out 指出 8. practical /ˈpræktɪkl/ adj. 实用的 【长难句分析】 1. Even after the disaster ends, some survivors may still feel sad, afraid or lonely for a long time. 结构：after引导时间状语从句。 句意：即便灾难已经结束，部分幸存者依旧会长时间感到悲伤、恐惧或者孤独。 2. Coming out of the shadows takes plenty of time. 结构：动名词短语作句子主语。 句意：走出心理阴影需要耗费大量时间。 【全文翻译】 自然灾害会带给人们巨大痛苦。即便灾难结束，一些幸存者依旧会长时间感到悲伤、恐惧或者孤独。这里有几条实用建议，帮助青少年理解幸存者的情绪。 第一，耐心倾听。幸存者想要诉说痛苦经历时，安静倾听就足够。你不必总是给出大量建议，有时候倾听本身就是巨大的支持。第二，给予鼓励的话语。简单温暖的语句可以鼓舞他们，给予向前看的希望。 第三，不要逼迫他们快速忘掉痛苦回忆。走出阴影需要很长时间，我们要尊重他们自己的恢复节奏。第四，邀请参与轻松的小活动。一起散步、读书这类小事可以帮助他们放松。 专家同时指出：如果你看完灾难新闻之后无法摆脱负面情绪，可以向父母、老师求助。了解灾难之后产生恐惧感，是很正常的事情。 【答案解析】 1. Sad, afraid or lonely. 原文第一段直接提取情绪。 2. Just listening quietly. 定位第二段｀Sometimes, listening itself is great support` 3. Hope to look forward. 原文“give them hope to look forward”提取作答。 4. Their own recovery speed. 定位｀We should respect their own speed of recovery` 5. Parents or teachers. 文末｀you can turn to your parents or teachers for help` Passage 3 阅读下面短文，完成阅读任务。 Niu Yu was only 11 when the big earthquake hit Wenchuan in 2008. She lost her right leg in the terrible disaster. She once loved sports and running, but the disaster broke her dream. She had to use an artificial leg. The artificial leg brought lots of trouble. It was often uncomfortable and even bled. She used to hide her special leg under jeans. Thanks to her family and friends’ support, Niu Yu slowly came out of the shadows. In 2018, she decided not to hide her leg any longer. To her surprise, she received lots of encouraging messages from strangers. She even finished a difficult half-marathon. Later, Niu Yu shared her own stories online. She listened to other disaster survivors and encouraged them to look forward. In 2023, she took part in the FISU World University Games and carried the torch. She wanted to show the power of being brave. A disaster may bring deep wounds, but courage can help people walk out of pain. 任务型阅读 Task1： 根据原文在横线中填入一个合适单词，使句意完整。 1. The big ________ took away Niu Yu’s right leg in 2008. 2. Niu Yu’s artificial leg was often ________ and sometimes bled. Task2： 根据文章内容回答下列问题 3. What helped Niu Yu come out of the shadows slowly? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What did strangers give her after she stopped hiding her leg? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What spirit does Niu Yu want to show to people? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【重难词汇梳理】 1. iron /ˈaɪən/ adj. 极坚强的；n.铁 2. bleed /bliːd/ v. 流血，出血 3. uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌmftəbl/ adj. 不舒服的 4. jeans /dʒiːnz/ n. 牛仔裤 5. encouraging /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒɪŋ/ adj. 令人鼓舞的 6. honour /ˈɒnə(r)/ n. 荣幸，光荣 7. wound /wuːnd/ n. 伤痛，伤害 8. courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ n. 勇气 【长难句分析】 1. Thanks to her family and friends’ support, Niu Yu slowly came out of the shadows. 结构：thanks to 多亏，由于；come out of the shadows走出阴影。 句意：得益于家人朋友的支持，牛钰慢慢走出心理阴影。 2. A disaster may bring deep wounds, but courage can help people walk out of pain. 结构：but连接转折并列句。 句意：灾难或许会带来很深的伤痛，但是勇气可以帮助人们走出痛苦。 【全文翻译】 2008年汶川大地震发生时，牛钰年仅11岁。这场可怕灾难夺走她的右腿。她曾经热爱运动、热爱奔跑，但是灾难击碎了她的梦想。她不得不依靠假肢生活。假肢带来很多麻烦，常常很不舒服，甚至会流血。过去她总是把假肢藏在牛仔裤下面。 得益于家人朋友的支持，牛钰慢慢走出心理阴影。2018年，她决定不再隐藏自己的假肢。令她意外的是，她收到大量陌生人发来的鼓励信息。她甚至完成了难度不小的半程马拉松。 后来牛钰在网络分享自己的故事。她倾听其他灾难幸存者，鼓励他们向前看。2023年，她参加大运会并且担任火炬手。她想要向大家展示勇敢的力量。灾难或许会留下很深的伤痛，但是勇气可以帮助人们走出痛苦。 【答案解析】 Task1 1. earthquake；细节，汶川地震夺走她右腿。 2. uncomfortable；原文｀It was often uncomfortable and even bled｀假肢常常不舒服还会流血。 Task2 3. Her family and friends’ support. 定位第二段开头。 4. Lots of encouraging messages. 原文｀She received lots of encouraging messages from strangers` 5. The power of being brave. 文末｀She wanted to show the power of being brave` 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 When disaster strikes 人与自然 — 灾害防范、生命安全 人与自我 — 逆境成长、生命教育 单元阅读精练 模块 语篇名称 题源 题型 体裁 词数 核心主题 内容简述 时文阅读 Passage 1 真实新闻事件原创改编 单项选择（5 道） 记叙文 368 2023 夏威夷毛伊岛拉海纳野火灾难 取材夏威夷野火新闻，渗透时态，讲述灾害撤离与灾后救助 Passage 2 原创时事主题阅读 单项选择（5 道） 说明文 351 现代科技助力灾害预警 介绍我国灾害预警系统，科普多渠道预警技术应用 实战训练 Passage 1 原创模拟中考 五选四还原填空（4 空，1 干扰项） 记叙文 296 海啸少年 Tilly Smith 的救人故事 改编 Tilly Smith 故事，讲述识别海啸征兆避险救人经历 Passage 2 原创模拟中考 任务型简答（5 道） 说明文 274 灾后心理重建建议 科普灾害过后，幸存者走出心理阴影的实用方法 Passage 3 原创模拟中考 表格填空 + 简答 记叙文 318 “铁女孩” 牛钰成长故事 改编 Iron girl，梳理牛钰受灾后自强鼓励他人的历程 Passage 1 In August, 2023, 12-year-old Kini Varona was staying at her home in Lahaina, a beautiful seaside town on Hawaii’s Maui Island. She was enjoying a quiet afternoon at home while strong dry winds were blowing across the island. Nobody expected that a terrible wildfire would hit their town so quickly. When the fire first broke out, many local people were still going about their daily lives. The strong winds pushed the flames forward at high speed. Thick black smoke rose high into the sky and spread over the whole town. Unluckily, the local warning system failed. The power and internet services went down soon. Most people received no clear danger messages before the fire arrived. Some families were sleeping or shopping when the fire moved close to their houses. Kini’s family was greatly shocked. They saw bright orange fire lights moving toward their neighborhood. Without enough time to take most of their personal things, they ran away from their home at once. On their way to safety, they saw burning buildings and lots of broken trees. Many people lost their houses in the short disaster. Some families got separated in the heavy smoke. After the fire died down, the whole town turned into an ash-covered wasteland. Over two thousand buildings were destroyed. Lots of people became homeless survivors. Volunteers from different places sent food, water and encouraging messages to them. Though Kini felt sad for her lost hometown, she still held hope for the future. “Bad disasters bring great pain, but people’s love can help us walk out of the dark time,” she said in an interview later. 阅读理解：从A、B、C、D中选出一个正确答案。 ( )1. What was the weather condition when the wildfire hit Lahaina? A. Heavy rain was falling. B. Strong dry winds were blowing. C. Snow covered the whole island. D. A big flood washed the town. ( )2. Why didn’t most people get early warnings about the wildfire? A. No one knew the fire was burning. B. The warning system failed and power broke down. C. People refused to receive warning messages. D. Volunteers didn’t send any messages. ( )3. What did Kini’s family do when they saw the fire coming? A. They stayed inside and waited for help. B. They tried to put out the big fire by themselves. C. They left home quickly without many belongings. D. They collected lots of personal things first. ( )4. The underlined word "survivors" in Paragraph 4 means ____. A. 幸存者 B. 志愿者 C. 消防员 D. 游客 ( )5. What can we infer from Kini’s words in the last paragraph? A. The wildfire would happen again very soon. B. People’s care and love bring hope after disasters. C. Nothing could bring the old town back again. D. No volunteers would come to help the town. 【重难词汇梳理】 1. wildfire /ˈwaɪldfaɪə(r)/ n. 野火 2. thick /θɪk/ adj. 浓密的；混浊的 3. smoke /sməʊk/ n. （燃烧产生的）烟 4. warning /ˈwɔːnɪŋ/ n. 警告，警示 5. shocked /ʃɒkt/ adj. 震惊的 6. ash /æʃ/ n. 灰烬 7. survivor /səˈvaɪvə(r)/ n. 幸存者 8. encouraging /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒɪŋ/ adj. 令人鼓舞的 9. volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ n. 志愿者 10. interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/ n. 采访 【长难句分析】 1. She was enjoying a quiet afternoon at home while strong dry winds were blowing across the island. 结构：while引导时间状语从句，主从句同时使用过去进行时，单元核心语法。 句意：她正在家中享受安静的午后，与此同时，干燥的强风席卷整座岛屿。 2. Some families were sleeping or shopping when the fire moved close to their houses. 结构：was/were doing … when …，过去进行时固定句型，“正在做某事，这时突然……”。 句意：一些家庭正在睡觉或者购物，这时大火逼近了他们的房屋。 3. Though Kini felt sad about her lost hometown, she still held hope for the future. 结构：though引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”。 句意：尽管基尼为被毁的家乡感到悲伤，但她依旧对未来抱有希望。 【全文翻译】 2023年8月，12岁的基尼·瓦罗娜居住在夏威夷毛伊岛风景优美的海滨小镇拉海纳。当干燥的强风席卷全岛的时候，她正在家中度过一个安静的午后。没有人预料到一场可怕的野火会如此迅速袭击小镇。 火灾刚刚爆发的时候，很多当地人还在照常生活。狂风推动火焰飞速蔓延。浓重的黑烟升腾而起，笼罩整座城镇。不幸的是，当地预警系统失灵，电力与网络很快中断。大部分居民在大火到来之前没有收到清晰的危险提示。有些家庭正在睡觉或者购物，大火就已经逼近房屋。 基尼一家人大为震惊。他们看见橘红色火光朝着居民区逼近。已经没有时间带走大部分个人物品，他们立刻逃离家园。在前往安全地带的路上，他们看见燃烧的建筑和大量折断的树木。很多人在这场短暂的灾难中失去家园，部分家庭在浓重烟雾中失散。 大火熄灭之后，整座小镇变成被灰烬覆盖的废墟。两千多栋建筑遭到损毁，大量民众成为无家可归的幸存者。来自各地的志愿者送来食物、饮用水以及鼓舞人心的留言。虽然基尼为逝去的家乡感到悲伤，但她依旧心怀希望。她在后续采访中说道：“可怕的灾难会带来巨大痛苦，但人们的善意与爱可以帮助我们走出黑暗的时光。” Passage 2 Now natural-disaster warning systems play an important role in China. The government uses many different ways to send warnings before disasters come. Text messages, TV notices and online news can tell people about the coming danger. In many communities, loud warning alarms will go off to remind local people. With the development of new technology, warning time for storms in China has been greatly improved. For some kinds of storms, the early‑warning time has reached 42 minutes, and over 90% of these warnings are correct. Besides storms, the system can also give early tips for rainstorms, wildfires and tsunamis. But for earthquakes, the warning time is still very short, because earthquakes happen extremely fast. A special safety app also becomes popular among teenagers. It can show users’ local position and let people mark their own living areas. Once a natural disaster is on the way, the app will send out messages at once. It tells users how serious the coming disaster may be. What’s more, it offers practical advice: which safe place people should go to and how to protect themselves from danger. Experts say warnings cannot stop natural disasters, but they can buy people valuable time for self-protection. Learning to pay attention to disaster warnings is a necessary life skill for every student. When we receive warning messages, we should act quickly and follow safety advice. 阅读理解：从A、B、C、D中选出一个正确答案。 ( )1. What can we know about China’s storm warnings? A. All the storm warnings are 100% correct B. Some storm warning time can reach 42 minutes C. Earthquakes can get 42-minute warningsning time D. No alarms work in communities for storms ( )2. Why is the warning time for earthquakes very short? A. Earthquakes happen in a very quick way B. People refuse to receive earthquake warnings C. The app cannot work during earthquakes D. There are no warning systems for earthquakes ( )3. Which of the following is NOT the function of the safety app? A. Show users’ local position B. Tell how serious the disaster will be C. Offer advice on safe places D. Stop earthquakes and wildfires directly ( )4. The underlined word "valuable" in the last paragraph means ____. A. 无用的 B. 宝贵的 C. 短暂的 D. 无聊的 ( )5. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Different kinds of natural disasters around the world B. Why earthquakes are the most dangerous disasters C. Modern disaster warning technology in China and its value D. How teenagers can survive big volcano eruptions 【重难词汇梳理】 1. warning /ˈwɔːnɪŋ/ n. 警告，警示 2. tsunami /tsuˈnɑːmi/ n. 海啸 3. rainstorm /ˈreɪnstɔːm/ n. 暴风雨 4. service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ n. 交通服务；此处引申为预警服务 5. expert /ˈekspɜːt/ n. 专家 6. terrible /ˈterəbl/ adj. 非常严重的 7. danger /ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ n. 危险 8. service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ n. 服务 9. position /pəˈzɪʃn/ n. 位置 10. protect /prəˈtekt/ v. 保护 【长难句分析】 1. With the development of new technology, warning time for storms in China has been greatly improved. 结构：with介词短语作伴随状语；现在完成时被动语态。 句意：随着新技术的发展，我国风暴灾害预警时间得到大幅提升。 2. Once a natural disaster is on the way, the app will send out messages at once. 结构：once引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦”。 句意：一旦自然灾害即将来临，这款应用会立刻推送消息。 3. Experts say warnings cannot stop natural disasters, but they can buy people valuable time for self-protection. 结构：宾语从句，but连接转折并列分句。 句意：专家表示预警不能阻止自然灾害发生，但可以为人们争取宝贵的自我保护时间。 【全文翻译】 如今自然灾害预警系统在中国发挥重大作用。政府会在灾害来临之前通过多种渠道发布预警，如短信、电视通知、网络新闻，告知民众即将到来的危险。很多社区会响起响亮警报提醒当地居民。 伴随新技术发展，我国风暴预警时长得到大幅提升。部分风暴预警时间可以达到42分钟，预警准确率超过90%。除风暴之外，这套系统还可以对暴雨、野火、海啸发出预警提示。但是地震预警时间依旧很短，因为地震发生速度极快。 一款特殊安全APP在青少年群体中流行。它可以显示用户的地理位置，用户还可以标记自己所在生活区域。一旦自然灾害将要到来，APP会立刻推送消息。它会告知用户灾害可能的严重程度，还提供实用建议：应该前往哪个安全地点，如何保护自己远离危险。 专家说预警无法阻止自然灾害，但是可以为人们争取宝贵的自我保护时间。学会关注灾害预警，对每一名学生来说都是必备生活技能。收到预警信息，我们要迅速行动，遵守安全建议。 Passage 1 When Tilly Smith was on holiday by the seaside, she remembered what her geography teacher had taught at school. One morning, she noticed something strange on the beach. _____1_____. The water moved far away from the coast. Lots of fish were left on the sand. Most tourists felt excited and walked towards the water to pick up fish. _____2_____. She knew these were clear signs of a coming tsunami. Tilly tried to warn her parents first. Then she ran around the beach and shouted to other visitors. _____3_____. Some tourists did not believe her at first. Luckily, her parents helped her explain the danger. Gradually more and more people left the beach for higher ground. Minutes later, huge waves hit the coast. The terrible tsunami came. ____4_____. Tilly’s school geography lesson saved lots of visitors’ lives. 从下面选出正确的选项填入原文，使原文内容完整，有一项为多余选项。 A. Tilly became very worried at once B. No one was hurt on that beach C. Tilly saw the sea behave in an unusual way D. All visitors stayed and enjoyed the beautiful sea view E. She told them that a tsunami was coming 【重难词汇梳理】 1. tsunami /tsuˈnɑːmi/ n. 海啸 2. coast /kəʊst/ n. 海岸 3. sign /saɪn/ n. 征兆，迹象 4. tourist /ˈtʊərɪst/ n. 游客 5. gradually /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ adv. 逐渐地 6. warning /ˈwɔːnɪŋ/ n. 警告 7. behave /bɪˈheɪv/ v. 表现 8. higher ground 高地 【长难句分析】 1. When Tilly Smith was on holiday by the seaside, she remembered what her geography teacher had taught at school. 结构：when引导时间状语从句，remember后接what引导宾语从句。 句意：蒂莉·史密斯在海边度假的时候，想起地理老师在学校讲授过的知识。 2. She knew these were clear signs of a coming tsunami. 结构：宾语从句；signs of ……的征兆。 句意：她明白这些就是海啸即将到来的明确征兆。 【全文翻译】 蒂莉·史密斯在海边度假时，想起地理老师在校讲授的知识。一天早上，她在海滩发现反常现象。蒂莉看到大海出现异常的变化。 海水远远退离海岸，大量鱼被留在沙滩。大部分游客十分兴奋，走向海边捡鱼。蒂莉立刻感到十分担忧。她知道，这些都是海啸即将来临的明显征兆。 蒂莉首先提醒自己的父母，接着她跑遍海滩向其他游客呼喊。她告诉大家海啸就要来了。一些游客起初并不相信，幸运的是她的父母帮忙解释危险。越来越多游客离开海滩，跑到地势更高的地方。 几分钟之后巨浪冲击海岸，可怕的海啸来袭。那片海滩无人受伤。蒂莉在学校学到的地理知识挽救许多游客生命。 Passage 2 Natural disasters can bring great pain to people. Even after the disaster ends, some survivors may still feel sad, afraid or lonely for a long time. Here is some practical advice for teenagers to understand disaster survivors’ feelings. First, listen patiently. When survivors want to talk about their bad experiences, just listen quietly. You don’t always need to give lots of advice. Sometimes, listening itself is great support. Second, give encouraging words. Simple warm sentences can cheer them up and give them hope to look forward. Third, never push them to forget bad memories quickly. Coming out of the shadows takes plenty of time. We should respect their own speed of recovery. Fourth, invite them to take part in small happy activities. Small things like taking a walk or reading books together can help them relax. Experts also point out: if you cannot get out of bad feelings after seeing terrible-disaster news, you can turn to your parents or teachers for help. It is okay for us to feel scared after learning about disasters. 用简练的语言回答下列问题，每个答案不超过6个单词。 1. What feeling may survivors keep long after disasters? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is great support for survivors sometimes? ____________________________________________________________________________________________3. What can warm encouraging words bring to survivors? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What should we respect about survivors’ recovery? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Who can we ask for help with bad feelings? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【重难词汇梳理】 1. survivor /səˈvaɪvə(r)/ n. 幸存者 2. encouraging /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒɪŋ/ adj. 令人鼓舞的 3. respect /rɪˈspekt/ v. 尊重 4. recovery /rɪˈkʌvəri/ n. 恢复 5. patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ adj. 耐心的 6. shadow /ˈʃædəʊ/ n. 阴影 7. point out 指出 8. practical /ˈpræktɪkl/ adj. 实用的 【长难句分析】 1. Even after the disaster ends, some survivors may still feel sad, afraid or lonely for a long time. 结构：after引导时间状语从句。 句意：即便灾难已经结束，部分幸存者依旧会长时间感到悲伤、恐惧或者孤独。 2. Coming out of the shadows takes plenty of time. 结构：动名词短语作句子主语。 句意：走出心理阴影需要耗费大量时间。 【全文翻译】 自然灾害会带给人们巨大痛苦。即便灾难结束，一些幸存者依旧会长时间感到悲伤、恐惧或者孤独。这里有几条实用建议，帮助青少年理解幸存者的情绪。 第一，耐心倾听。幸存者想要诉说痛苦经历时，安静倾听就足够。你不必总是给出大量建议，有时候倾听本身就是巨大的支持。第二，给予鼓励的话语。简单温暖的语句可以鼓舞他们，给予向前看的希望。 第三，不要逼迫他们快速忘掉痛苦回忆。走出阴影需要很长时间，我们要尊重他们自己的恢复节奏。第四，邀请参与轻松的小活动。一起散步、读书这类小事可以帮助他们放松。 专家同时指出：如果你看完灾难新闻之后无法摆脱负面情绪，可以向父母、老师求助。了解灾难之后产生恐惧感，是很正常的事情。 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，完成阅读任务。 Niu Yu was only 11 when the big earthquake hit Wenchuan in 2008. She lost her right leg in the terrible disaster. She once loved sports and running, but the disaster broke her dream. She had to use an artificial leg. The artificial leg brought lots of trouble. It was often uncomfortable and even bled. She used to hide her special leg under jeans. Thanks to her family and friends’ support, Niu Yu slowly came out of the shadows. In 2018, she decided not to hide her leg any longer. To her surprise, she received lots of encouraging messages from strangers. She even finished a difficult half-marathon. Later, Niu Yu shared her own stories online. She listened to other disaster survivors and encouraged them to look forward. In 2023, she took part in the FISU World University Games and carried the torch. She wanted to show the power of being brave. A disaster may bring deep wounds, but courage can help people walk out of pain. 任务型阅读 Task1： 根据原文在横线中填入一个合适单词，使句意完整。 1. The big ________ took away Niu Yu’s right leg in 2008. 2. Niu Yu’s artificial leg was often ________ and sometimes bled. Task2： 根据文章内容回答下列问题 3. What helped Niu Yu come out of the shadows slowly? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What did strangers give her after she stopped hiding her leg? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What spirit does Niu Yu want to show to people? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【重难词汇梳理】 1. iron /ˈaɪən/ adj. 极坚强的；n.铁 2. bleed /bliːd/ v. 流血，出血 3. uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌmftəbl/ adj. 不舒服的 4. jeans /dʒiːnz/ n. 牛仔裤 5. encouraging /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒɪŋ/ adj. 令人鼓舞的 6. honour /ˈɒnə(r)/ n. 荣幸，光荣 7. wound /wuːnd/ n. 伤痛，伤害 8. courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ n. 勇气 【长难句分析】 1. Thanks to her family and friends’ support, Niu Yu slowly came out of the shadows. 结构：thanks to 多亏，由于；come out of the shadows走出阴影。 句意：得益于家人朋友的支持，牛钰慢慢走出心理阴影。 2. A disaster may bring deep wounds, but courage can help people walk out of pain. 结构：but连接转折并列句。 句意：灾难或许会带来很深的伤痛，但是勇气可以帮助人们走出痛苦。 【全文翻译】 2008年汶川大地震发生时，牛钰年仅11岁。这场可怕灾难夺走她的右腿。她曾经热爱运动、热爱奔跑，但是灾难击碎了她的梦想。她不得不依靠假肢生活。假肢带来很多麻烦，常常很不舒服，甚至会流血。过去她总是把假肢藏在牛仔裤下面。 得益于家人朋友的支持，牛钰慢慢走出心理阴影。2018年，她决定不再隐藏自己的假肢。令她意外的是，她收到大量陌生人发来的鼓励信息。她甚至完成了难度不小的半程马拉松。 后来牛钰在网络分享自己的故事。她倾听其他灾难幸存者，鼓励他们向前看。2023年，她参加大运会并且担任火炬手。她想要向大家展示勇敢的力量。灾难或许会留下很深的伤痛，但是勇气可以帮助人们走出痛苦。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $