内容正文:
学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________
Unit 2 Exploring English
构词法
一、单项选择
1.Which of the following words is formed in the same way as “handbag”?
A.careless B.instruction C.wartime D.monitor
【答案】C
【详解】句意:下列哪个单词的构成方式与“handbag”相同?
handbag意为“手提包”,是由hand和bag组成的合成词。careless粗心的;instruction说明;wartime战时;monitor班长。wartime是由war和time组成的合成词,与handbag构成方式相同。
2.Which word is formed the same way as the word “bookworm”?
A.handbag B.pronunciation C.impatient D.achievement
【答案】A
【详解】句意:下面哪个单词组成形式类似“bookworm”?
考查合成词。handbag手提包;pronunciation发音;impatient不耐心的;achievement成就。bookworm由book和worm组成,而选项A中handbag由hand和bag组成。故选A。
3.Parents pay more attention to children’s schoolwork in China than those in the other country.
Which of the following words is formed in the same way as the word schoolwork?
A.unpleasant B.attraction C.housewife D.boring
【答案】C
【详解】句意:中国的父母比其他国家的父母更关注孩子的学业。以下哪个单词的构成方式与“schoolwork”一词相同?
考查构词法。unpleasant是由前缀un+单词pleasant构成的派生词;attraction是由动词attract+后缀ion构成的派生词;housewife是由名词house和名词wife构成的合成词;boring是由动词bore+后缀ing构成的派生词。“schoolwork”是由名词“school”和名词“work”构成的合成词。故选C。
4.Which of the following words is a compound word like “wartime”?
A.impatient B.schoolwork C.German D.carelessness
【答案】B
【详解】句意:下面哪个单词是和“wartime”一样的复合词?
考查合成词。impatient不耐烦的;schoolwork学业;German德国人;carelessness粗心。根据四个选项可知,schoolwork是复合词,由“school”和“work”合成,故选B。
5.Which of the following is NOT a compound word?
A.helpless B.wartime C.hard-working D.blackboard
【答案】A
【详解】句意:下列哪一个不是复合词?
考查复合词。helpless是由动词help和形容词否定后缀less构成,属于派生词;hard-working是由副词hard和动名词working构成;blackboard是由形容词black和名词board构成;wartime是由名词war和名词time构成,意为“战时”。故选A。
6.Which word is a compound word (合成词)?
A.pollution B.sunlight C.reusable D.natural
【答案】B
【详解】句意:哪一个单词是合成词?
pollution污染;sunlight阳光;reusable可重复使用的;natural自然的。合成词由两个及以上独立单词组合而成。sunlight由sun(太阳)和light(光)两个单词合成,属于合成词;A、C、D均是通过添加词缀构成的派生词,因此选B。
7.Which of the following is not a derivative word (派生词)?
A.countryside B.useless C.reusable D.environmental
【答案】A
【详解】句意:下面哪一个单词不是派生词?
countryside乡村;useless无用的;reusable可重复使用的;environmental环境的。派生词指在词根基础上加前缀或者后缀构成的新词;B项use加后缀‑less构成useless;C项use加前缀re‑和后缀‑able构成reusable;D项environment加后缀‑al构成environmental,三者都是派生词;A项countryside是由country和side组合而成的复合词,不属于派生词,因此选A。
8.The following compound words all have two different nouns EXCEPT _______.
A.teamwork B.sunrise C.sunflower D.thunderstorm
【答案】B
【详解】句意:下列复合词都由两个不同的名词组成,除了sunrise。
teamwork团队工作;sunrise日出;sunflower向日葵;thunderstorm雷暴雨。teamwork由team(名词)+work(名词)构成;sunflower由sun(名词)+flower(名词)构成;thunderstorm由thunder(名词)+storm(名词)构成;而sunrise由sun(名词)+rise(动词)构成,因此sunrise不是由两个名词构成的选项。
9.Which of the following words is formed in the same way as “schoolwork”?
A.inventor B.greatness C.earthquake D.impatient
【答案】C
【详解】句意:下列哪个单词的构成方式与“schoolwork”相同?
inventor发明家;greatness伟大;earthquake地震;impatient不耐烦的。schoolwork是由school和work组成的合成词。A、B、D 项均为加前缀或后缀构成的派生词,只有C项earthquake是由earth和quake组成的合成词,构词方式相同。
10.The suffix “-less” usually means ________.
A.full of B.without C.much D.little
【答案】B
【详解】句意:后缀“‑less”通常的含义是“没有”。
full of充满;without没有;much许多;little少量。后缀‑less加在名词之后,表示“无……、没有……”,对应without。故选B。
11.The word “unhappy” is formed by ________.
A.compounding B.derivation C.conversion D.none
【答案】B
【详解】句意:单词“unhappy”是通过派生法构成的。
compounding合成法;derivation派生法;conversion转化法;none无。unhappy是在词根happy前加否定前缀un‑构成,通过添加词缀生成新词,属于派生法,因此选B。
12.The word “precycle” is formed by adding “pre-” which means ________.
A.after B.before C.during D.without
【答案】B
【详解】句意:单词“precycle”是通过添加“pre-”形成的,它的意思是“在……之前”。
after在……之后;before在……之前;during在……期间;without没有。根据英语构词法知识,前缀“pre-”意为“在……之前”,before符合语境。
13.When we add the suffix “-y” to “________”, we need to change the ending of the noun.
A.cloud B.rain C.sun D.snow
【答案】C
【详解】句意:当我们给“太阳”加上后缀“-y”时,我们需要改变这个名词的结尾。
cloud云;rain雨;sun太阳;snow雪。cloud变为cloudy,rain变为rainy,snow变为snowy,直接加后缀;sun变为sunny,需双写末尾字母n再加y,属于改变结尾。
14.The word “friendly” is formed by adding “-ly” to “friend”. “-ly” often changes a noun into ________.
A.a verb B.an adjective C.an adverb D.a noun
【答案】B
【详解】句意:单词friendly是在名词friend后添加后缀-ly构成的,后缀-ly常把名词变为形容词。
friend为名词,加上-ly后friendly是形容词;形容词加-ly才会变成副词,名词加-ly一般构成形容词。
15.The word “teacher” has a suffix— “er”. Which of the following words has a suffix too?
A.early B.incorrect C.northeast D.worker
【答案】D
【详解】句意:单词“teacher”有一个后缀——“er”。下面哪个单词也有后缀?
early早的;incorrect不正确的;northeast东北部;worker工人。题干中teacher是由teach加后缀er构成。early本身是原生形容词,无词缀;incorrect含有前缀 in-;northeast是north和east组成的合成词;worker是由work加后缀er构成,与题干示例一致。
16.Which of the following words can we add “in-” as a prefix?
A.comfortable B.correct C.possible D.patient
【答案】B
【详解】句意:以下哪个单词可以加前缀“in-”?
考查构词法。comfortable舒服的,加前缀后是uncomfortable,使用前缀“un-”;correct“正确的”,加前缀后是incorrect,使用前缀“in-”;possible“可能的”,加前缀后是impossible,使用前缀“im-”;patient“耐心的”,加前缀后是impatient,使用前缀“im-”。故选B。
17.—Can you tell me which word can NOT be added the suffix “ist” to form a noun?
—All right. It’s ________.
A.art B.act C.piano D.tour
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你能告诉我哪个单词不能加后缀“ist”来形成名词吗?——好的。它是“act”。
考查后缀“-ist”的用法。该后缀常用于表示从事某种活动的人或专家。art艺术,加“-ist”可形成名词artist(艺术家);act行动;表演”,加“-ist”不形成标准名词(通常用actor);piano钢琴,加“-ist”可形成名词pianist(钢琴家);tour旅游,加“-ist”可形成名词tourist(游客)。因此,B项不能加“-ist”形成名词。故选B。
18.Which of the following words can we add the suffix “-ian” to make country names into “nationalities” (国籍)?
A.Canada. B.China. C.America. D.Spain.
【答案】A
【详解】句意:以下哪个单词可以加上后缀“-ian”,使国名变成“国籍”?
考查构词法。Canada加拿大;China中国;America美国;Spain西班牙。Canada加拿大,添加“-ian”后缀后变为Canadian“加拿大人”,可以表示加拿大国籍。故选A。
19.Which of the following words can’t add -ion to form a noun?
A.protect B.paint C.celebrate D.collect
【答案】B
【详解】句意:以下哪个单词不能加-ion形成名词?
考查构词法。protect保护,protection保护;paint用颜料画,painting绘画;celebrate庆祝,celebration庆祝;collect收集,collection收集。paint的名词形式为painting,B项符合。故选B。
20.Which of the following words can we add the suffix “-ist” to to form a noun?
A.dance B.win C.piano D.visit
【答案】C
【详解】句意:下列哪一个单词我们可以加后缀“-ist”变为名词?
考查单词派生。dance跳舞,后面加r构成名词dancer“舞者”;win赢,获胜,后面加ner构成名词winner“获胜者,赢家”;piano“钢琴”,去o加ist构成名词pianist“钢琴家”;visit参观,拜访,后面加or构成名词visitor“参观者”。故选C。
21.Which of the following words can’t be added with a prefix (前缀) “im-”?
A.polite B.patient C.active D.possible
【答案】C
【详解】句意:下列哪个单词不能加上前缀“im-”?
考查构词法。polite“有礼貌的”—impolite“无礼貌的”;patient“耐心的”—impatient“不耐烦的”;active“积极的”,其反义词是inactive,不是imactive,因此不能加前缀“im-”;possible“可能的”—impossible“不可能的”。结合选项可知,选项C符合。故选C。
22.We can put the prefix “in-” before ________ to get its opposite (相反的) meaning.
A.certain B.correct C.important D.possible
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们可以在correct前面加上前缀“in-”,得到它相反的意思。
考查派生和形容词辨析。certain肯定的,其反义词是uncertain;correct正确的,其反义词是incorrect;important重要的,其反义词是unimportant;possible可能的,其反义词是impossible。在correct前面加上前缀“in-”可以得到反义词。故选B。
23.The ticket for the 2024 Olympics is useless now, but I’ll keep it. The“-less” in the word “useless” means ________.
A.with B.without C.full of D.from
【答案】B
【详解】句意:2024年奥运会的门票现在没用了,但我会保留它。“useless”这个词中的“-less”意味着没有。
考查构词法。with具有;without没有;full of充满;from来自。根据构词法,后缀-less表示否定,without符合语境。故选B。
24.Which of the following words can be changed into a noun by adding the suffix “-ness”?
A.pleasant B.difficult C.worth D.careful
【答案】D
【详解】句意:下列哪一个单词可以加后缀“-ness”而变为名词?
考查单词派生。pleasant令人愉快的,其名词形式为pleasure“愉快”;difficult困难的,其名词形式为difficulty“困难”;worth值得的,其名词形式是worth“价值”;careful小心的,其名词形式为carefulness,意为“细心”。故选D。
25.Which of the following prefixes(前缀) can turn “agree” into its antonym(反义词)?
A.un- B.im- C.in- D.dis-
【答案】D
【详解】句意: 下面哪个前缀可以把“agree”变成它的反义词?
考查派生。四个选项都是否定前缀,agree“同意”的反义词为disagree,故选D。
26.Which word is formed in the same way as “weekend”?
A.unable B.invention C.helpless D.noticeboard
【答案】D
【详解】句意:哪一个单词的构成方式与“weekend”的构成方式相同?
考查构词法。unable不能,由able加否定前缀构成;invention发明,由invent加名词后缀构成;helpless无助的,由help加形容词后缀构成;noticeboard通知栏,由notice“通知”和board“板”构成。题中的weekend“周末”是由week“周”和end“结束”构成。由此可知weekend和noticeboard构词法相同,为合成词,其他均为派生词。故选D。
27.Which of the following words is formed in the same way as “blackboard”?
A.dislike B.weekday C.unlucky D.achievement
【答案】B
【详解】句意:下面单词哪一个词的构成方式与“blackboard”一样?
考查构词法。dislike不喜欢,由词根like加否定前缀构成;weekday工作日,由week“工作”和day“日,天”合成;unlucky不幸的,由词根luck加前缀及后缀构成;achievement成就,由词根achieve加名词后缀构成。题中的blackboard“黑板”是由black“黑色”和board“板”合成。由此可知weekday与blackboard构词法相同,为合成词,其它均为派生词。故选B。
28.Which of the following words is formed like “impossible”?
A.reporter B.blackboard C.dishonest D.harmless
【答案】C
【详解】题意:下列哪一个单词的组成形式与单词“impossible”相同?
考查构词法。A. reporter记者,report加后缀-er;B. blackboard黑板,black和board合成;C. dishonest不诚实的,honest加前缀dis-;D. harmless无害的,harm加后缀-less。单词“impossible”为possible加前缀im-而来,与C选项的构成方法相同,故选C。
29.Which word can we add the suffix “-or” to in order to form a new word?
A.Report. B.Visit. C.Paint. D.Speak.
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们可以给哪个单词加上后缀“-or”来形成一个新单词?
Report报道;Visit参观;Paint绘画;Speak说话。Report加后缀-er变为reporter,表示“记者”;Visit加后缀-or变为visitor,表示“访客”;Paint加后缀-er变为painter,表示“画家”;Speak加后缀-er变为speaker,表示“演讲者”。根据构词规则,只有Visit加-or构成新词,应填Visit。
30.The following words can all take the suffix ‘-ful’ EXCEPT ________.
A.cheer B.hope C.taste D.sleep
【答案】D
【详解】句意:下列单词全都可以加上后缀-ful,唯有sleep除外。
cheer欢呼;hope希望;taste味道;sleep睡觉。cheer、hope和taste均可加后缀-ful构成形容词cheerful、hopeful和tasteful,而sleep通常加-y构成形容词sleepy,不加-ful。应填sleep。
二、单词拼写
31.The scientist’s latest scientific ________ (discover) has benefited thousands of ordinary patients.
【答案】discovery
【详解】句意:这位科学家最新的科学发现已经造福了成千上万的普通患者。形容词scientific后需要接名词,括号内discover是动词,意为“发现”,它对应的名词形式是discovery,意为“发现”,句中助动词has提示主语为单数。故填discovery。
32.We need to improve our ________(communicate) with our parents.
【答案】communication
【详解】句意:我们需要改善和父母之间的交流。形容词性物主代词“our”后面要接名词,communicate是动词“交流”,对应的名词形式为communication,为不可数名词。
33.It is ________ (correct) to copy others’ homework.
【答案】incorrect
【详解】句意:抄别人的作业是错误的。结合句意可知抄袭别人的作业是错误行为,需要在correct前加否定前缀in构成反义词incorrect“错误的”,放在be动词后作表语。
34.Recently, Xiao Ming and his classmates watched a puppetry ________ (perform).
【答案】performance
【详解】句意:最近,肖明和他的同学们观看了一场木偶戏表演。此处需要填名词作watched的宾语,说明观看的对象是木偶戏演出。括号内的动词perform意为“表演”,它对应的名词形式是performance,意为“演出,表演”。因为空格前有不定冠词a,所以填名词单数。
35.My grandma is a little ________ (forget) and often leaves her glasses somewhere.
【答案】forgetful
【详解】句意:我奶奶有点健忘,经常把眼镜落在某处。所给词为forget“忘记”,空格处需填入形容词作表语,表示“健忘的”,forget的形容词形式forgetful符合语境。故填forgetful。
36.The talented ________ (music) practiced the piano for hours every day to prepare for the concert.
【答案】musician
【详解】句意:这位有天赋的音乐家每天练习数小时钢琴,为这场音乐会做准备。句中“talented”是形容词,后面需要接名词作主语;music表示音乐,此处指人“音乐家”,可数名词musician“音乐家”,符合语境。本句缺少主语,前面定冠词the表示特指一位人,因此使用单数形式,在句中作主语。
37.The small town becomes more ________ (attract) because of its special cactus show.
【答案】attractive
【详解】句意:因为它独特的仙人掌展,这个小镇变得更有吸引力。 系动词becomes后接形容词作表语,more用来构成形容词比较级,可知此处需要填形容词。 括号内的词“attract”是动词,其对应的形容词形式是“attractive”(有吸引力的)。故填attractive。
38.The great ________ (invent) of the machine changed people’s life greatly.
【答案】invention
【详解】句意:这台机器的伟大发明极大地改变了人们的生活。句中给出的是动词invent(发明),The great后需接名词作主语,且great是形容词,应用来修饰名词,故需将动词invent变为名词invention(发明),故填invention。
39.You need to make a final ________ (decide) before tomorrow morning.
【答案】decision
【详解】句意:你需要在明天早上之前作出最终的决定。final是形容词,形容词修饰名词;decide是动词,对应的名词形式为decision,make a final decision意为“作出最终决定”,故填decision。
40.There will be a swimming __________ (compete) this weekend.
【答案】competition
【详解】句意:这个周末将有一场游泳比赛。compete意为“竞争;对抗”,是动词,不定冠词a修饰可数名词单数,compete的名词形式是competition,意为“比赛;竞赛”。
41.Plastic bags are ________ (use) and bad for the earth. (否定后缀less)
【答案】useless
【详解】句意:塑料袋是无用的并且对地球有害。根据“bad for the earth”及提示否定后缀‑less可知,use的形容词“无用的”为useless。
42.The ________ (nation) flag-raising ceremony on Monday morning always fills us with pride.
【答案】national
【详解】句意:周一早晨的升国旗仪式总是让我们充满自豪感。nation意为“国家,民族”,是名词,空后的flag是名词,需要用形容词修饰名词,nation的形容词形式是national,意为“国家的,民族的”,national flag是固定短语,意为“国旗”。
43.The ________ (create) of the robot took him two years.
【答案】creation
【详解】句意:这个机器人的创造花费了他两年时间。定冠词The后需要接名词,括号内create是动词,意为“创造”,其名词形式为creation。
44.As the _________ (organise) of the school sports meeting, Tom has been busy making plans for a week.
【答案】organiser
【详解】句意:作为校运动会的组织者,汤姆已经忙着制定计划一周了。定冠词the后面需要接名词;organise是动词,表示“组织”;对应的表示人的名词是organiser,意为“组织者”。
45.An ________ (energy) boy takes part in all kinds of sports.
【答案】energetic
【详解】句意: 一个精力充沛的男孩参加各种各样的体育运动。空格前为“An”,空格后为名词“boy”,需要一个以元音音素开头的形容词作定语;energy为名词,其形容词形式为energetic“精力充沛的”,开头音素是/e/,符合语境。
46.Listening to different kinds of music can ________ (wide) your taste in art.
【答案】
widen
【详解】句意:听不同种类的音乐可以拓宽你的艺术品味。情态动词can后接动词原形,wide为形容词,此处需要变为动词形式widen“加宽;拓宽”。
47.The love and ________ (happy) of my family never change.
【答案】
happiness
【详解】句意:我家的爱与幸福永远不会改变。句中and连接并列名词love,happy为形容词,需要变为名词形式happiness。
48.We were ________ (able) to catch the early bus because we got up too late.
【答案】unable
【详解】句意:我们没能赶上早班车,因为我们起得太晚了。根据“because we got up too late”可知是没有能力赶上早班车,able的否定形式unable,be unable to do表示“不能够做某事”。
49.Tan Dun is a world-famous ________ (compose) whose music is known around the world.
【答案】composer
【详解】句意:谭盾是一位世界著名的作曲家,他的音乐闻名全世界。空格前有不定冠词a和形容词world-famous,此处需要填入表示人的名词且为单数,compose是动词,对应的名词为composer,意为“作曲家”。
50.With the help of their classmates and teachers, they became ________ (success) in the exam at last.
【答案】successful
【详解】句意:在同学和老师的帮助下,他们最终在考试中取得了成功。系动词“become”后接形容词作表语;“success”是名词“成功”,其形容词形式是“successful”,意为“成功的”。
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Unit 2 Exploring English
构词法
一、单项选择
1.Which of the following words is formed in the same way as “handbag”?
A.careless B.instruction C.wartime D.monitor
2.Which word is formed the same way as the word “bookworm”?
A.handbag B.pronunciation C.impatient D.achievement
3.Parents pay more attention to children’s schoolwork in China than those in the other country.
Which of the following words is formed in the same way as the word schoolwork?
A.unpleasant B.attraction C.housewife D.boring
4.Which of the following words is a compound word like “wartime”?
A.impatient B.schoolwork C.German D.carelessness
5.Which of the following is NOT a compound word?
A.helpless B.wartime C.hard-working D.blackboard
6.Which word is a compound word (合成词)?
A.pollution B.sunlight C.reusable D.natural
7.Which of the following is not a derivative word (派生词)?
A.countryside B.useless C.reusable D.environmental
8.The following compound words all have two different nouns EXCEPT _______.
A.teamwork B.sunrise C.sunflower D.thunderstorm
9.Which of the following words is formed in the same way as “schoolwork”?
A.inventor B.greatness C.earthquake D.impatient
10.The suffix “-less” usually means ________.
A.full of B.without C.much D.little
11.The word “unhappy” is formed by ________.
A.compounding B.derivation C.conversion D.none
12.The word “precycle” is formed by adding “pre-” which means ________.
A.after B.before C.during D.without
13.When we add the suffix “-y” to “________”, we need to change the ending of the noun.
A.cloud B.rain C.sun D.snow
14.The word “friendly” is formed by adding “-ly” to “friend”. “-ly” often changes a noun into ________.
A.a verb B.an adjective C.an adverb D.a noun
15.The word “teacher” has a suffix— “er”. Which of the following words has a suffix too?
A.early B.incorrect C.northeast D.worker
16.Which of the following words can we add “in-” as a prefix?
A.comfortable B.correct C.possible D.patient
17.—Can you tell me which word can NOT be added the suffix “ist” to form a noun?
—All right. It’s ________.
A.art B.act C.piano D.tour
18.Which of the following words can we add the suffix “-ian” to make country names into “nationalities” (国籍)?
A.Canada. B.China. C.America. D.Spain.
19.Which of the following words can’t add -ion to form a noun?
A.protect B.paint C.celebrate D.collect
20.Which of the following words can we add the suffix “-ist” to to form a noun?
A.dance B.win C.piano D.visit
21.Which of the following words can’t be added with a prefix (前缀) “im-”?
A.polite B.patient C.active D.possible
22.We can put the prefix “in-” before ________ to get its opposite (相反的) meaning.
A.certain B.correct C.important D.possible
23.The ticket for the 2024 Olympics is useless now, but I’ll keep it. The“-less” in the word “useless” means ________.
A.with B.without C.full of D.from
24.Which of the following words can be changed into a noun by adding the suffix “-ness”?
A.pleasant B.difficult C.worth D.careful
25.Which of the following prefixes(前缀) can turn “agree” into its antonym(反义词)?
A.un- B.im- C.in- D.dis-
26.Which word is formed in the same way as “weekend”?
A.unable B.invention C.helpless D.noticeboard
27.Which of the following words is formed in the same way as “blackboard”?
A.dislike B.weekday C.unlucky D.achievement
28.Which of the following words is formed like “impossible”?
A.reporter B.blackboard C.dishonest D.harmless
29.Which word can we add the suffix “-or” to in order to form a new word?
A.Report. B.Visit. C.Paint. D.Speak.
30.The following words can all take the suffix ‘-ful’ EXCEPT ________.
A.cheer B.hope C.taste D.sleep
二、单词拼写
31.The scientist’s latest scientific ________ (discover) has benefited thousands of ordinary patients.
32.We need to improve our ________(communicate) with our parents.
33.It is ________ (correct) to copy others’ homework.
34.Recently, Xiao Ming and his classmates watched a puppetry ________ (perform).
35.My grandma is a little ________ (forget) and often leaves her glasses somewhere.
36.The talented ________ (music) practiced the piano for hours every day to prepare for the concert.
37.The small town becomes more ________ (attract) because of its special cactus show.
38.The great ________ (invent) of the machine changed people’s life greatly.
39.You need to make a final ________ (decide) before tomorrow morning.
40.There will be a swimming __________ (compete) this weekend.
41.Plastic bags are ________ (use) and bad for the earth. (否定后缀less)
42.The ________ (nation) flag-raising ceremony on Monday morning always fills us with pride.
43.The ________ (create) of the robot took him two years.
44.As the _________ (organise) of the school sports meeting, Tom has been busy making plans for a week.
45.An ________ (energy) boy takes part in all kinds of sports.
46.Listening to different kinds of music can ________ (wide) your taste in art.
47.The love and ________ (happy) of my family never change.
48.We were ________ (able) to catch the early bus because we got up too late.
49.Tan Dun is a world-famous ________ (compose) whose music is known around the world.
50.With the help of their classmates and teachers, they became ________ (success) in the exam at last.
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