精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期辅导练习10英语试卷

2026届高三辅导练习（10） 2025.11 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Use a ladder to help her reach the cup. B. See a doctor about her shoulder. C. Put the cup on a lower shelf. D. Buy a new cupboard. 2. A. He has already called Harry. B. Harry knows most of the facts. C. He needs to talk to Harry soon. D. Harry doesn’t have a telephone. 3. A. The new doctor lacks experience. B. She disagrees with what the man said. C. The man had better talk with the patients first. D. Patients usually cannot offer a fair evaluation. 4. A. Take the man to the station. B. Look after the man’s things. C. Find out when the next bus leaves. D. Show the man the way to the station. 5. A. He was good at fixing up bookshelves. B. He helped James build up the furniture. C. James helped him arrange the furniture. D. James helped him with some of the work. 6. A. It’s difficult to take photographs indoors. B. The photo album is in the living room. C. Mary has lost the photo album. D. Mary is a good photographer. 7. A. The job’s short hours make it impossible for her to refuse. B. The job is turning into an excellent opportunity for her. C. She’s looking forward to meeting her new colleagues. D. She refused the position because of the low salary. 8. A. He had to do what is necessary in order to learn. B. He doesn’t have to memorize all the vocabulary. C. He knows the whole vocabulary list already. D. He cannot learn much by just memorizing. 9. A. It’s not the one he likes. B. He needs a smaller shirt. C. It doesn’t fit him very well. D. He hasn’t had time to try it on yet. 10. A. The line for concert tickets is too busy. B. He’s too busy to go to the concert. C. Carl knows the concert is at eight. D. He hasn’t been able to reach Carl. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. In the 19th century. B. In about 1800s. C. In the 18th century. D. In about 2400 BC. 12. A. The language used. B. The targeted readers. C. The reputation. D. The length. 13. A. The evolution of self-study books. B. The importance of self-study books. C. The difference among self-study books. D. The famous writers of self-study books. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. The reasons railroad regulations in the U.S.A were changed. B. The safety record of the railroad industry in the U.S.A. C. The financing of railroad construction in the U.S.A. D. The evolution of the railroad industry in the U.S.A. 15. A. Safety problems with railroad tracks. B. The growth of the automotive industry. C. The use of oversized freight containers. D. The high cost of meeting various regulations. 16. A. It causes less air pollution than other means of transport. B. Its competitors are less considerate of customers. C. It creates great personal fortunes for investors. D. Its business is kept in a traditional way. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. To earn money for her tuition. B. To make her dream come true. C. To make preparations for her future job. D. To ensure that she has time for acting work 18. A. Serious. B. Funny. C. Experienced. D. Demanding. 19. A. It involves many theories. B. He must get an advanced camera. C. He hasn’t learned physics before. D. It occupies much of his spare time. 20. A. He is more willing to do something. B. He has stopped working late. C. He can go to sleep early. D. He feels more relaxed. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Everywhere I look, there are new buildings under construction. The neighborhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and ____1____ their place, anonymous, modern, high-rise buildings have appeared. If we continue in this way, nothing ____2____ (remain) of our heritage; soon I will no longer recognize my city. ____3____ is left of the city’s traditional buildings and neighborhoods must be preserved and it is imperative that this process begins now. Historic preservation has become popular all over the world in recent years, but many countries around the world have opted for demolition and new construction over preservation. There is good reason for this: as the population has become ____4____ (wealthy), residents want all the conveniences of modern living. However, the built environment should be more than shiny new buildings with air conditioning and washing machines; it should also reflect the beauty of our culture and heritage. How ____5____ our children understand and maintain their cultural identity if we erase so much of the physical evidence of ____6____? Will they recognize a barjeel, the wind towers ____7____ once provided natural air conditioning for buildings all over the region? Will they understand the significance of mashrabiyas, the delicately carved wooden windows that provide a screen against the outside world? No ____8____ they are all here to stay. The arguments for preserving historic buildings are not simply about an emotional attachment to the past. There are also good economic arguments in favour of preservation. The renovation and preservation of historic districts can become an economic engine, ____9____ (draw) tourists and small businesses to the area. There are several good examples of this in the Middle East. In Dubai, the historic AI Bastikiya district draws thousands of tourists every year from all over the world. It also attracts local residents, eager to learn about their city’s past. It has beautifully been restored and is now a centre for traditional crafts, _____10_____ rug weaving and basket making. International visitors are not only interested in shopping centres; they also want to learn about our culture and traditions like these. 【答案】1. in 2. will remain 3. What 4. wealthier 5. can 6. it 7. that##which 8. unless 9. drawing 10. like 【解析】 【导语】文章讨论了作者对保护遗产的看法。 【1题详解】 考查介词。句意：我小时候熟悉的街区，那些充满美丽老建筑的地方，如今大多已消失不见，取而代之的是一些无名、现代、高层的楼宇。结合语境老建筑消失后现代建筑占据了原有位置，固定搭配in one’s place表示“取代某物的位置”。 【2题详解】 考查一般将来时。句意：如果我们继续这样下去，我们的文化遗产将一无所有；很快，我将再也认不出我的城市了。本句是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的时态规则，从句用一般现在时，主句需要用一般将来时。 【3题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：城市传统建筑和街区的残存部分必须得到保护，而这一进程必须立即启动。设空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“所……的事物”，指代剩余的传统建筑相关事物，应用连接代词what，首字母应大写。 【4题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：这有充分的理由：随着人口变得越来越富裕，居民希望享受现代生活的各种便利。此处暗含和过去的经济水平作对比的含义，使用形容词的比较级形式表示“变得更富裕”。 【5题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：如果我们抹去如此多的文化实体证据，我们的孩子又怎能理解并保持自己的文化认同呢？此处填入情态动词can表示“能够”，表达对孩子能否保留文化身份的质疑。 【6题详解】 考查代词。句意：同上。此处指代前文提到的单数名词cultural identity，避免重复，使用代词it。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他们是否会认出风塔，这些曾经为整个地区建筑提供自然空调的风塔？设空处引导定语从句，先行词是the wind towers，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，使用关系代词that/which。 【8题详解】 考查连词。句意：不会，除非他们全都留下来。此处承接前文的否定提问，表达“除非老建筑都保留下来，否则孩子们不会了解这些传统建筑的意义”的逻辑关系，no unless相当于only if，使用连词unless引导条件状语从句。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：历史街区的翻新与保护可以成为经济引擎，吸引游客和小型企业来到该地区。句子已有谓语动词can become，此处需要用非谓语动词，逻辑主语economic engine和draw之间是主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语。 【10题详解】 考查介词。句意：它已得到精心修复，如今已成为传统手工艺的中心，例如/包括地毯编织和篮子制作。后面的rug weaving and basket making是对前文traditional crafts的举例说明，需要填入表示“例如”含义的介词like。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. serve B. affects C. measure D. swallow AB. locate AC. snap AD. roughly BC. hammer BD. turns CD. level ABC. outweigh People joke about asking horses, “Why the long face?” We should redirect this question to hammerhead sharks. Their famous head extensions, called cephalofolis (头翼), ____11____ three feet from eye to eye in a certain case. And scientists are still trying to find out exactly what purposes they ____12____. A study published in Scientific Reports has explored how the sharks’ strangely shaped head ____13____ how they swim. The researchers found, it did not seem to generate lift (提升力). In fact, it added a lot of drag (阻力), according to Glenn R. Parsons, a shark specialist at the University of Mississippi and one of the new paper’s authors. Some hammerheads may need to use ____14____ 10 times as much force as other sharks just to get through the water. There are some benefits to having a hammer for a head. Most experts agree that the widely spaced eyes, nostrils and electroreceptors (电感受器) enabled by the cephalofoli’s shape allow the hunters to more accurately ____15____ their prey. The heads can also serve as weapons. Biologists have observed a female use her head to____16____ a stingray (黄貂鱼) But you have to wonder what it’s like to swim around with that thing. In his more than 40 years of shark watching, Dr. Parsons has noticed that hammerheads are particularly nimble. “They make these real quick ____17____,” he said. Maybe, he thought, the head shape improved maneuverability. Or perhaps it helps them fight gravity by providing lift, like an airplane wing. To investigate, Dr. Parsons and his colleagues turned to computational fluid dynamics (计算流体动力学) — a method familiar to aircraft and submarine designers. When a hammerhead’s cephalofoli was ____18____ — as is typical when they are swimming — it did not generate lift, the researchers found. But as soon as the cephalofoli was tipped up or down, the force quickly came into play, enabling a rapid ascent or descent. This may help to explain why hammerheads are “much more mobile than a typical shark,” said Dr. Parsons. He thinks the skill may help them ____19____ up food from the sea floor. The researchers also measured how much drag the cephalofolis produced. The winghead shark, which has the largest hammer, appears to be dealing with “20 to 40 times the amount of drag” as a typical fish, Dr. Parsons said. Such a head, he added, seems like “a pain in the butt,” although the benefits it provides must ____20____ the costs. 【答案】11. C 12. A 13. B 14. AD 15. AB 16. BC 17. BD 18. CD 19. AC 20. ABC 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲的是双髻鲨的锤状头虽然增加了游动阻力，但能通过倾斜快速产生升力、提升机动性，同时辅助猎物定位和攻击，是一种演化上利大于弊的独特结构。 【11题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：它们那著名的头部延伸结构叫做头翼，在某些个体中，两眼之间的宽度可达三英尺。由“three feet from eye to eye”可知，空格处表达“量度为”，是measure，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语head extensions是复数，因此空格处用原形。 【12题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：而科学家们至今仍在努力弄清这一结构究竟有何功用。由“what purposes”可知，空格处表达“提供”，是serve，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语they是复数，因此空格处用原形。 【13题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：发表在《科学报告》上的一项研究探究了这种鲨鱼奇特的头型如何影响其游动方式。由下文“The researchers found, it did not seem to generate lift (提升力). In fact, it added a lot of drag”可知，空格处表达“影响”，是affect，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语head是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数。 【14题详解】 考查副词。句意：有些双髻鲨可能需要付出比其他鲨鱼大约10倍的力量，才能在水中前行。由“10 times as much force as other sharks”可知，空格处表达“大约”，是roughly。 【15题详解】 考查不定式。句意：大多数专家认为，头翼的形状使双眼、鼻孔和电感受器分布得更宽，让这些猎手能更精准地定位猎物。由“the widely spaced eyes, nostrils and electroreceptors (电感受器) enabled by the cephalofoli’s shape allow the hunters to more accurately”可知，空格处表达“定位”，是locate，此处是不定式，空格处用动词原形。 【16题详解】 考查不定式。句意：生物学家曾观察到一只雌性双髻鲨用头锤击一条黄貂鱼。由“The heads can also serve as weapons”可知，空格处表达“锤击”，是hammer，此处是不定式，因此空格处用动词原形。 【17题详解】 考查名词的复数。句意：“它们转弯非常快，”他说。由上文“hammerheads are particularly nimble”可知，空格处表达“转弯”，是turn，由these可知，空格处用复数。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：研究人员发现，当双髻鲨的头翼保持水平时（这是它们游动时的典型状态），并不会产生升力。由“it did not generate lift, the researchers found. But as soon as the cephalofoli was tipped up or down, the force quickly came into play, enabling a rapid ascent or descent”可知，空格处表达“保持水平”，用形容词level作表语。 【19题详解】 考查不带to的不定式。句意：他认为这项技能可能有助于它们从海底快速攫取食物。由下文“up food from the sea floor”可知，空格处表达“攫取”，是snap，此处用省略to的不定式，因此用动词原形。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：他补充道，这样的脑袋听起来简直是“一个累赘”，不过它带来的好处想必还是大于代价的。由上文“the benefits it provides must”和下文“the costs”可知，空格处表达“超过”，是outweigh，must是情态动词，空格处用动词原形。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Doctors are scientists who operate in a world of statistics, odds and probability. Yet they’ve long been taught that when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty. ____21____, patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and a straightforward course of treatment. But now that information about every medical condition imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether doctors’ apparent ____22____ when communicating with their patients actually does more harm than good. With the information overload brought by the progress of medicine and technology, answers are ____23____ black or white. Medical schools are only just starting to teach doctors how to deal with this, and patients’ expectations haven’t ____24____, either. “Medicine has always fallen short of the sort of certainty that we find in math and geometry”, says Dr. Ross Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health in Toronto. “If you think about knowledge and what it does, it’s about ____25____ uncertainty, not about creating certainty.” Doctors in training, like gamblers, need to be ____26____ working in a field in which they’re constantly weighing the odds based on a myriad of factors. When Upshur teaches medical students how to diagnose an ailment, he tells them to ____27____ their inquiry — come up with a list of possibilities, rather than quickly home in on a single solution. “Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is firm, you usually don’t have certainty about what would be the best ____28____ and what the outcomes will be in the long run.” Technology has helped ____29____ the quest for certainty. We are reaching a point where we can feed a list of symptoms into a computer and get a more ____30____ diagnosis than from a doctor. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, sees such developments as both a(n) ____31____ and an opportunity. On one hand, he says, “technology tries to push you to a(n) ____32____ level of certainty. Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease.” On the other hand, computers can’t ____33____ a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in a comforting way. Take a routine screening test for early-stage lung cancer. Based on your age, your smoking status, and your gender, a computer can do a great job of evaluating the chances of finding a cancerous nodule (癌症结节). It can also ____34____ quite precisely the risk of developing an actual cancer based on the size and shape of a nodule. What it can’t do, however, is decide how to ____35____ the news that you have a nodule in your lung that has a 1 percent chance of becoming a cancer. 21. A. On one hand B. All in all C. As a result D. Above all 22. A. hesitation B. conviction C. confusion D. certainty 23. A. frequently B. generally C. rarely D. barely 24. A. alerted B. vanished C. faded D. adjusted 25. A. limiting B. gathering C. ignoring D. increasing 26. A. resistant to B. reluctant to C. accustomed to D. inclined to 27. A. narrow B. justify C. clarify D. broaden 28. A. healing B. cure C. diagnosis D. defense 29. A. enlighten B. redefine C. hinder D. complicate 30. A. accurate B. straightforward C. vague D. effective 31. A. challenge B. push C. stretch D. endurance 32. A. stable B. maximal C. favorable D. ultimate 33. A. keep B. confine C. communicate D. indicate 34. A. conclude B. estimate C. project D. calculate 35. A. break B. report C. inform D. interpret 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. B 30. A 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍医生工作充满概率性，但常向患者传递笃定态度，如今医疗信息普及，这种确定性沟通或许弊大于利。 【21题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：因此，患者期望医生给出明确的诊断和直白的治疗方案。A. On one hand一方面；B. All in all总而言之；C. As a result因此；D. Above all最重要的是。前文“when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty”讲述医生被教导要向患者传递自信笃定的态度，后文“patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and a straightforward course of treatment”是患者由此产生的期待，前后为因果关系。 【22题详解】 考查名词。句意：但如今各类医疗信息唾手可得，专家质疑医生与患者沟通时表现出的笃定实际上是否弊大于利。A. hesitation犹豫；B. conviction信念，笃定；C. confusion困惑；D. certainty确定性。根据上文“they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty”和下文“when communicating with their patients actually does more harm than good”可知，医生被教导在与患者打交道时要传达出令人安心的自信和确定性，所以此处指医生在与患者沟通时表现出的明显确定性。 【23题详解】 考查副词。句意：随着医疗和科技进步带来的信息过载，答案很少是非黑即白的。A. frequently频繁地；B. generally通常；C. rarely很少，极少；D. barely仅仅，几乎不。根据上文“With the information overload brought by the progress of medicine and technology”可知，医学和技术带来的信息复杂多样，所以答案很少是简单明确的，即答案很少是非黑即白的。 【24题详解】 考查动词。句意：医学院才刚刚开始教授医生应对这一问题的方法，而患者的期望也尚未调整。A. alerted提醒；B. vanished消失；C. faded消退；D. adjusted调整。根据上文“Medical schools are only just starting to teach doctors how to deal with this”可知，医学院刚开始教医生处理问题，但病人的期望没有跟着做出调整，即患者仍然期望医生给出明确的诊断和直接的治疗方案。 【25题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果你思考一下知识和它的作用，它是关于限制不确定性，而不是创造确定性。A. limiting限制，界定；B. gathering收集；C. ignoring忽视；D. increasing增加。结合前文“Medicine has always fallen short of the sort of certainty that we find in math and geometry”医学无法达到数学层面的绝对确定可知，知识是梳理、界定不确定的事物，而非创造绝对确定的结果。 【26题详解】 考查形容词短语。句意：接受培训的医生如同赌徒，需要习惯在不断权衡各类因素概率的领域工作。A. resistant to抵制；B. reluctant to不情愿；C. accustomed to习惯于；D. inclined to倾向于。根据下文“working in a field in which they’re constantly weighing the odds based on a myriad of factors”可知，医生要习惯在这样一个充满不确定性需要权衡的领域工作。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：当Upshur教医学生如何诊断疾病时，他告诉学生要拓宽问诊思路，列出多种可能性，而非快速锁定单一结论。A. narrow缩小；B. justify证明合理；C. clarify澄清；D. broaden拓宽。根据下文“come up with a list of possibilities, rather than quickly home in on a single solution”可知，此处指要拓宽询问范围，列出一系列可能性。 【28题详解】 考查名词。句意：即使你做出了一个你认为很确定的诊断，你通常也不确定什么是最好的治疗方法，以及从长远来看会有什么结果。A. healing康复；B. cure疗法，治疗方案；C. diagnosis诊断；D. defense防御。根据上文“Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is firm”和后文“and what the outcomes will be in the long run”可知，此处指根据诊断确定治疗方案。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：科技助力重新定义了人们对确定性的追求。A. enlighten启发；B. redefine重新定义；C. hinder阻碍；D. complicate使复杂。根据下文“We are reaching a point where we can feed a list of symptoms into a computer and get a more ____ diagnosis than from a doctor.”可知，我们可以通过电脑得到诊断，技术对追求确定性的方式产生了影响，即科技重新定义了对确定性的追求。 【30题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们正在达到这样一个阶段：我们可以将一系列症状输入计算机，并得到比医生更准确的诊断。A. accurate精准的；B. straightforward直白的；C. vague模糊的；D. effective有效的。根据上文“We are reaching a point where we can feed a list of symptoms into a computer”和下文“diagnosis than from a doctor”可知，将一系列症状输入计算机可以得到比医生更准确的诊断。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：哈佛医学院医学教授Richard Schwartzstein认为，这样的发展既是一种挑战，也是一个机遇。A. challenge挑战；B. push推动；C. stretch延伸；D. endurance耐力。根据下文“On one hand, he says, “technology tries to push you to a/an ____ level of certainty. Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease.””和最后一段“On the other hand, computers can’t ____ a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in a comforting way.”可知，技术带来的发展有好有坏，既是挑战也是机会。 【32题详解】 考查形容词。句意：一方面，他说：“技术试图把你推到一个最大确定性的水平。做这个测试，有99%的确定性你患有这种疾病。”A. stable稳定的；B. maximal极致的，最大的；C. favorable有利的；D. ultimate终极的。根据下文“Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease.”可知，技术试图把你推到一个最大确定性的水平。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：另一方面，计算机无法以一种令人安慰的方式向患者传达诊断或治疗方案。A. keep保持；B. confine限制；C. communicate传达，沟通；D. indicate表明。根据下文“a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in a comforting way”可知，此处指计算机无法以一种令人安慰的方式向患者传达诊断或治疗方案。 【34题详解】 考查动词。句意：它还可以根据结节的大小和形状相当精确地计算出患癌症的风险。A. conclude总结；B. estimate预估，估算；C. project预测；D. calculate计算。根据下文“quite precisely the risk of developing an actual cancer based on the size and shape of a nodule”可知，电脑能根据结节的情况计算出患癌风险。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而电脑无法解读并告知患者：肺部结节有1%的癌变概率这一消息。A. break打破；B. report报告；C. inform告知；D. interpret解读，诠释。根据下文“the news that you have a nodule in your lung that has a 1 percent chance of becoming a cancer.”可知，此处指电脑无法告知患者肺部结节有癌变概率这一消息，break the news“告知坏消息”是常用搭配。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） One day last summer, I called Athena, a 13-year-old who lives in Houston, Texas. She answered her phone — she’s had an iPhone since she was 11. We chatted about her favourite songs and TV shows, and I asked her what she likes to do with her friends. “We go to the mall,” she said. “Do your parents drop you off?” I asked, recalling my own middle-school days, in the 1980s, when I’d enjoy a few parent-free hours shopping with my friends. “No — I go with my family,” she replied. “We’ll go with my mom and brothers and walk a little behind them.” Those mall trips are infrequent — about once a month. More often, Athena and her friends spend time together on their phones. Unlike the teens of my generation, who might have spent an evening tying up the family landline with gossip, they talk on Snapchat, the smartphone app that allows users to send pictures and videos that quickly disappear. She told me she’d spent most of the summer hanging out alone in her room with her phone. That’s just the way her generation is, she said. “We didn’t have a choice to know any life without iPads or iPhones. I think we like our phones more than we like actual people.” I’ve been researching generational differences for 25 years. Typically, the characteristics that come to define a generation appear gradually, and along a continuum. Beliefs and behaviors that were already rising simply continue to do so. Millennials, for instance, are a highly individualistic generation, but individualism had been increasing since the Baby Boomers turned on, tuned in, and dropped out. I had grown accustomed to line graphs of trends that looked like modest hills and valleys. Then I began studying Athena’s generation. Around 2012, I noticed sudden shifts in teen behaviors and emotional states. The gentle slopes of the line graphs became steep mountains and cliffs, and many of the distinctive characteristics of the Millennial generation began to disappear. In all my analyses of generational data — some reaching back to the 1930s — I had never seen anything like it. At first I thought these might be blips, but the trends persisted, across several years and a series of national surveys. The changes weren’t just in degree, but in kind. The biggest difference between the Millennials and their predecessors was in how they viewed the world; teens today differ from the Millennials not just in their views but in how they spend their time. The experiences they have every day are greatly different from those of the generation that came of age just a few years before them. 36. According to the passage, how are Athena and her friends different from the teens of the writer’s generation? A. They do less shopping. B. They are better at taking pictures. C. They go out with friends less often. D. They get along better with their parents. 37. Which of the following graphs best illustrates the writer’s description in second sentence of paragraph 4? A. B. C. D. 38. The word “blips” (in paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to “____”. A. generational differences B. inevitable trends C. large-scale shifts D. temporary changes 39. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? A. Smartphones generally do more harm than good to teenagers. B. There is a fundamental difference between today’s teens and the millennials. C. Teen behaviors and emotional states are harder to predict than those of other age groups. D. Individualism emerged and disappeared as the Baby Boomers turned on and dropped out. 【答案】36. C 37. A 38. D 39. B 【解析】 【导语】文章通过13岁少女Athena的事例，对比当代青少年与千禧一代的行为差异，研究代际行为与情绪的突变现象。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中““No — I go with my family,” she replied. “We’ll go with my mom and brothers and walk a little behind them.”(“不——我和家人一起去，”她回答。“我们会跟妈妈和兄弟们一起去，跟在他们身后不远的地方。”)”以及第二段中“Those mall trips are infrequent — about once a month. More often, Athena and her friends spend time together on their phones. Unlike the teens of my generation, who might have spent an evening tying up the family landline with gossip, they talk on Snapchat, the smartphone app that allows users to send pictures and videos that quickly disappear. She told me she’d spent most of the summer hanging out alone in her room with her phone. (去商场的次数并不多 —— 大约每月一次。更多时候，雅典娜和她的朋友们靠手机维系相处。我年少那代的青少年，当年可能会占用家里的座机，煲一整晚的八卦电话；而她们则用色拉布聊天，这款手机应用可以让用户发送转瞬即删的图片和视频。她告诉我，整个夏天大部分时间，她都是独自待在房间里玩手机度过的。)”可知，与作者那一代青少年热衷于线下社交和电话聊天不同，Athena和她的朋友们更多地在手机上互动，甚至整个夏天都独自一人在房间玩手机，这表明他们与朋友外出见面的频率降低了。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“The gentle slopes of the line graphs became steep mountains and cliffs, and many of the distinctive characteristics of the Millennial generation began to disappear.(折线图原本平缓的坡度变成了陡峭的高山与悬崖，千禧一代的诸多典型特征也开始消失。)”可知，最能体现这一描述的图表应呈现出在某个时间点(2012年左右)数据发生剧烈、陡峭的转折或断崖式变化，而非平缓的上升或下降。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段“At first I thought these might be blips, but the trends persisted, across several years and a series of national surveys. (起初我以为这些可能只是blips，但该趋势历经数年以及多项全国调查都一直存在。)”。but表转折，persisted意为“持续存在”，由此反推blips含义为“暂时、短暂出现，不会长久的事物”。temporary changes“暂时的变化”，与blips词意相近。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“The biggest difference between the Millennials and their predecessors was in how they viewed the world; teens today differ from the Millennials not just in their views but in how they spend their time. The experiences they have every day are greatly different from those of the generation that came of age just a few years before them. (千禧一代和他们的前辈之间最大的区别在于他们看待世界的方式；如今的青少年与千禧一代的不同不仅体现在观念上，还体现在时间分配方式上。他们每天的经历和短短几年前成年的那一代人有很大差别。)”可知，千禧一代和前辈主要是世界观不同，而如今青少年和千禧一代不仅观念不同，时间分配、日常经历也存在巨大差别，二者存在本质上的不同。 （B） Top Apps for Climate Activists The world population is at 7 billion and it’s predicted that by the end of this year there will be one smartphone for every five people in the world. That’s a lot of phones and a lot of information literally at our fingertips. Information is constantly changing and those of us working hard to protect the environment for ourselves and future generations need to have access to up-to-date material. Being a climate change activist can be time consuming. But…There’s an app (or ten) for that! The number of apps out there is staggering. With these apps you’ll be amazed at how easy it is to stay in the know when it comes to your health, and the health of the environment. Carbon Emissions Calculator for Air Travel (iOS-Free) This app allows passengers to estimate the carbon emissions attributed to their air travel. It is simple to use — just select your origin and destination airports, specify the class of travel and number of passengers. View the carbon footprint and the distance traveled for your trip. Fooducate (iOS and Android-$ 4.99) This app empowers food shoppers everywhere to make healthy, informed decisions while at the supermarket. Scan your food and Fooducate generates a letter grade (A, B, C, or D) for each product scanned, along with brief explanations and warnings about its nutrients and ingredients. There is also an option to enter the bar code manually. The app will recommend minimally processed, real foods which are naturally rich in nutrients and antioxidants. Locavore (iOS and Android-Free) If you’re looking for the closest farmers market selling your favorite in season produce, then Locavore is the app for you. Locavore is a great app for those searching for local, in season, organic foods in your area. The app has one-click access to thousands of healthy, seasonal recipes and other information that can be shared with your friends and family. I like how the app not only lets you know which fruits and veggies are in season-it also lets you know how long they’ll be in season. Zimride (iOS and Android-Free) Ridesharing apps are all the rage. Zimride is a new spin on ridesharing, using social networks to enable real connections. Once you set up a profile you are able to book a ride in your area, or post a ride of your own. Drivers can charge for rides and Zimride doesn’t take a cut. Rides seem to be reasonably priced and since profiles are linked with Facebook it’s easy to check out your potential ride companions. 40. According to this text, the author recommends APPs because ______. A. those APPs could help people gain the up-to-date material B. those APPs could forecast the changing climate accurately C. those APPs are designed to protect the environment for us D. those APPs are free for those people who have a designated phone 41. Suppose you are committed to a sustainable diet by consuming locally sourced, seasonal produce, which Apps should you download? A. Carbon Emission Calculator for Air Travel and Zimride B. Fooducate and Zimride C. Locavore and Fooducate D. Zimride and Locavore 42. Which of the following is true about the APPs mentioned in this passage? A. Carbon Emissions Calculator for Air Travel could calculate the accurate carbon emissions of passengers. B. Locavore can not only tell us which fruits and meat are in season, it also tells us how long they’ll be in season. C. Zimride will charge for rides and then take a cut and the rest belongs to drivers. D. Fooducate will recommend minimally processed foods which are naturally rich in nutrients and antioxidants. 【答案】40. A 41. C 42. D 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了四款适合气候活动家使用的应用程序。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Information is constantly changing and those of us working hard to protect the environment for ourselves and future generations need to have access to up-to-date material. (信息在不断变化，我们这些努力为自身和子孙后代保护环境的人需要获取最新的资料。)”以及“With these apps you’ll be amazed at how easy it is to stay in the know when it comes to your health, and the health of the environment. (有了这些应用，你会惊讶地发现了解自身健康和环境健康是多么容易。)”可知，作者推荐这些应用是因为它们能帮助人们获取最新资料。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据对 Locavore的描述“If you’re looking for the closest farmers market selling your favorite in season produce, then Locavore is the app for you. (如果你正在寻找出售你最喜欢的时令农产品的最近的农贸市场，那么 Locavore 就是适合你的应用)”以及Fooducate的功能描述“The app will recommend minimally processed, real foods which are naturally rich in nutrients and antioxidants. (该应用会推荐加工程度最低、天然富含营养和抗氧化剂的天然食品)”可知，Locavore和 Fooducate均与饮食相关。但 Locavore专注于本地时令食材，Fooducate侧重于食品健康评分。Zimride是拼车应用，Carbon Emissions Calculator是碳排放计算器，均与饮食无关。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格中对Fooducate的描述“The app will recommend minimally processed, real foods which are naturally rich in nutrients and antioxidants. (该应用会推荐加工程度最低、天然富含营养和抗氧化剂的天然食品)”可知，选项D“Fooducate will recommend minimally processed foods which are naturally rich in nutrients and antioxidants. (Fooducate将推荐天然富含营养和抗氧化剂的最低限度加工食品。)”表述正确。 （C） Business innovation is an organization’s process for introducing new ideas, workflows methodologies, services or products. Like IT innovation, which calls for using technology in new ways to create a more efficient and agile organization, business innovation should enable the achievement of goals across the entire organization, with sights set on accomplishing core business aims and initiatives. Innovation often begins with idea generation, whereas ideas are narrowed down during brainstorming sessions, after which leaders consider the business viability, feasibility and desirability of each idea. Business innovation should improve one existing products, services or processes; or it should solve a problem; or it should reach new customers. Recent examples of business innovation include the introduction of the Dyson vacuum cleaner, whose creator and namesake James Dyson declared in advertisements that he set out to build a better product by applying industrial cyclone technologies to the household appliance. The purpose of the business innovation process is to create value for the organization. That value can come from creating new revenue opportunities or driving more revenue through existing channels: from creating efficiencies that save time, money or both; or from improvements to productivity or performance. In short, innovation should lead to higher profits. Additionally, the results of an organization’s innovation process should yield a competitive advantage: it should help the organization to grow and reach — or, better still, exceed — strategic objectives. Innovation and invention are closely linked, but the two terms are hardly interchangeable. An invention is an entirely new creation. The process of business innovation can produce an invention, but the term is broader in scope and includes the application of an existing concept or practice in a new way, or applying new technology to an existing product or process to improve upon it. To better understand the difference, consider this: The telephone is an invention, but the smartphone is an innovation. Business innovation can also be classified as either revolutionary or evolutionary. Revolutionary business innovation yields a drastic change in a product, service, process, etc. which often destroys or supplants an existing business model. This is also known as radical innovation. Evolutionary or incremental innovation involves smaller, more continuous improvements that, while important, are not drastic enough to shift a company or market into a new paradigm. Disruptive innovation is a category that emphasizes the destructive aspect of revolutionary innovation: this term applies to business innovation that leads to the creation of a new market that displaces an existing one or, similarly, a significant upheaval in a category of products or services. Business innovation, like most business initiatives, has both benefits and risks. Organizations should recognize on the negative side that the business innovation process can be a costly undertaking that does not always produce a return on investment (ROI); that ideas considered likely to succeed could still fail; and that stakeholders could fight the changes required to be successful. On the other hand, organizations need to weigh those risks against the benefits of business innovation. 43. What is the fundamental purpose of business innovation? A. To generate a vast number of creative ideas through brainstorming. B. To make more profits by replacing existing business models. C. To facilitate the invention of entirely new products and services. D. To enhance the company’s overall value and competitive position. 44. According to the passage, which of the following options is an example of innovation? A. The development of a ride-hailing APP. B. The discovery of penicillin. C. The creation of the first electric light bulb. D. The scientific formulation of the theory of General Relativity. 45. Based on the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. Revolutionary innovation is risky while evolutionary innovation is safe. B. Disruptive innovation is a separate category contrary to revolutionary innovation. C. Evolutionary innovation focuses on the creation of new products. D. The difference between revolutionary and evolutionary innovation lies in the scale of impact. 46. What is the author’s attitude towards business innovation? A. Critically skeptical. B. Guardedly optimistic. C. Unreservedly enthusiastic. D. Academically detached. 【答案】43. D 44. A 45. D 46. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍的是商业创新的概念、过程及其与发明的区别，同时探讨了创新对企业的价值和潜在风险。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。第二段中“The purpose of the business innovation process is to create value for the organization. That value can come from creating new revenue opportunities or driving more revenue through existing channels: from creating efficiencies that save time, money or both; or from improvements to productivity or performance. (商业创新过程的目的是为组织创造价值。这一价值可能来自创造新的收入机会，或通过现有渠道增加收入：例如通过提高效率来节省时间、成本或两者兼得，或提升生产力和绩效。简而言之，创新应带来更高的利润。)”明确指出商业创新的目的是为组织创造价值，最终要带来更高利润，还能产生竞争优势、助力企业达成甚至超越战略目标，对应D选项“提升公司的整体价值和竞争地位”。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The process of business innovation can produce an invention, but the term is broader in scope and includes the application of an existing concept or practice in a new way, or applying new technology to an existing product or process to improve upon it. (商业创新的过程可以产生发明，但“创新”这一术语范围更广，包括以新方式应用现有概念或实践，或将新技术应用于现有产品或流程以加以改进。)”可知，创新的范围更广，包含把已有概念/技术以新方式应用、改进现有事物的行为，还举例电话是发明，智能手机是创新。网约车APP是将已有移动互联网技术和传统打车需求结合的新应用模式，属于创新。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Revolutionary business innovation yields a drastic change in a product, service, process, etc. which often destroys or supplants an existing business model. This is also known as radical innovation. Evolutionary or incremental innovation involves smaller, more continuous improvements that, while important, are not drastic enough to shift a company or market into a new paradigm. (革命性商业创新会带来产品、服务或流程等方面的巨大变革，往往摧毁或取代现有的商业模式，这种创新也被称为激进创新。而渐进式或进化型创新则涉及较小且持续的改进，虽然重要，但不足以推动企业或市场进入新的范式。)”可知，革命性创新会带来剧烈的颠覆性变化，而渐进式创新是小规模、持续性的小幅改进，二者的核心差异就是影响的程度和规模。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。作者在文末“Business innovation, like most business initiatives, has both benefits and risks. Organizations should recognize on the negative side that the business innovation process can be a costly undertaking that does not always produce a return on investment (ROI); that ideas considered likely to succeed could still fail; and that stakeholders could fight the changes required to be successful. On the other hand, organizations need to weigh those risks against the benefits of business innovation. (与大多数商业举措一样，商业创新既包含益处也存在风险。企业应认识到，商业创新过程可能成本高昂，未必能带来投资回报（ROI）；那些被认为有望成功的想法仍可能失败；利益相关方也可能抵制为实现成功所必需的变革。另一方面，企业需要权衡这些风险与商业创新所带来的收益。)”客观指出商业创新存在成本高、可能投资失败、遭遇利益相关者抵触的风险，同时也提醒企业要权衡风险、看到创新的价值，态度是谨慎但整体认可其价值的，对应“审慎乐观”。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. When one of the best-known supermarket chains in the UK decided to remove plastics from its products, it hadn’t expected an increase in shoplifting. ____47____ Some customers bent the pliable containers in half and stuffed them down their trousers, executives said. Such theft wasn’t as easy when the steaks came wrapped in more rigid plastic packaging. Iceland Foods, a frozen-food-focused grocer that has roughly 1,000 stores across the UK, is struggling with a number of unexpected challenges as it races to meet a self-imposed target of removing single-use plastic from its hundreds of store-brand products by the end of next year. ____48____ Removing plastic packaging from food can be exceptionally hard. A surge in demand for plastic-wrapped food during the pandemic is making this objective even harder. More expensive paper packaging is causing trouble at a time of rampant inflation, particularly because Iceland Foods typically caters to more price-sensitive consumers. ____49____ When Iceland Foods wrapped bananas in paper bands instead of plastic bags, the fruit rotted more quickly or snapped off. When it packed bread in opaque paper bags, sales fell as shoppers balked at (畏缩) buying something they couldn’t see. Iceland Foods then shifted to running tests with banana suppliers in the Caribbean that agreed to change machinery to apply paper bands. To limit how much the bananas are touched and bruised, suppliers put the banded fruit in plastic-lined cardboard boxes that are shipped to UK ripening centers. When they finally arrive at Iceland Foods’ stores, the same boxes are lifted onto shelves, leaving the fruit untouched. ____50____ Mr. Lendrum said Iceland Foods isn’t sure why. Still, he believes customers will get used to the new format over time. “We haven’t given up,” he said. “You’re trialing this stuff against plastic that has been operating at scale for 30 to 40 years and has been optimized to perfection. You have to invest if you want to change thing.” A. The zero-plastic drive also produced a series of unintended consequences. B. So far it has cut or eliminated plastic on dozens of its products — from fish and chicken to apples and berries — but executives say they may not achieve the target in time. C. But sales of paper banded bananas are “significantly down” compared to the same product when it is placed in a plastic bag. D. Removing plastic packaging is particularly tricky for a number of products. E. Yet that is what happened when Iceland Foods Ltd. started selling steak in recyclable paper trays. F. For now, Iceland Foods is absorbing the extra expense of swapping in paper for plastic. 【答案】47. E 48. B 49. A 50. C 【解析】 【导语】文章聚焦英国连锁超市Iceland Foods的“零塑料包装”转型计划，通过真实案例和数据，呈现企业在环保实践中遭遇的现实困境。 【47题详解】 空格前的句子“When one of the best-known supermarket chains in the UK decided to remove plastics from its products, it hadn’t expected an increase in shoplifting.(当英国最知名的连锁超市之一决定从其产品中去除塑料时，它没想到会出现入店行窃增加的情况。)”指出英国知名连锁超市推行去塑化政策后，意外遭遇入店行窃案件增加的问题。空格后的句子“Some customers bent the pliable containers in half and stuffed them down their trousers, executives said. Such theft wasn’t as easy when the steaks came wrapped in more rigid plastic packaging.(高管们表示，一些顾客将柔软的容器对折，塞进裤腰里。当牛排用更坚硬的塑料包装时，这种盗窃行为就没那么容易了。)”提到顾客利用纸质包装的柔软性实施盗窃，而之前的硬质塑料包装则能有效防止此类行为。E选项“Yet that is what happened when Iceland Foods Ltd. started selling steak in recyclable paper trays.(然而，当冰岛食品有限公司开始用可回收纸托盘销售牛排时，这种情况就发生了。)”中的“that”指代前文的“入店行窃增加”，“steak in recyclable paper trays”则与后文的“pliable containers”和“rigid plastic packaging”形成呼应，完美衔接了“去塑化导致盗窃”的逻辑链条，起到承上启下的关键作用。 【48题详解】 空格前的句子“Iceland Foods, a frozen-food-focused grocer that has roughly 1,000 stores across the UK, is struggling with a number of unexpected challenges as it races to meet a self-imposed target of removing single-use plastic from its hundreds of store-brand products by the end of next year.(冰岛食品是一家专注于冷冻食品的杂货店，在英国拥有约1000家门店，在努力实现到明年年底为其数百个自有品牌产品去除一次性塑料的自我设定目标时，正面临着一系列意想不到的挑战。)提到冰岛食品在推进去塑化目标的过程中遭遇了诸多意外挑战。B选项“So far it has cut or eliminated plastic on dozens of its products — from fish and chicken to apples and berries — but executives say they may not achieve the target in time.(到目前为止，该公司已经削减或取消了数十种产品的塑料包装——从鱼、鸡肉到苹果和浆果——但高管们表示，他们可能无法按时实现目标。)”中的“cut or eliminated plastic on dozens of its products”承接了前文的“去塑化目标”，“may not achieve the target in time”则呼应了“unexpected challenges”，同时为后文具体阐述挑战内容做了铺垫，逻辑连贯。 【49题详解】 空格前的句子“Removing plastic packaging from food can be exceptionally hard. A surge in demand for plastic-wrapped food during the pandemic is making this objective even harder. More expensive paper packaging is causing trouble at a time of rampant inflation, particularly because Iceland Foods typically caters to more price-sensitive consumers.(从食品中去除塑料包装异常困难。疫情期间，塑料包装食品的需求激增，使得这一目标更加难以实现。在通货膨胀猖獗的时期，更昂贵的纸质包装带来了麻烦，尤其是因为冰岛食品通常服务于对价格更敏感的消费者。)”指出“去塑化面临技术难度、市场需求和成本压力等多重挑战”。空格后的句子“When Iceland Foods wrapped bananas in paper bands instead of plastic bags, the fruit rotted more quickly or snapped off. When it packed bread in opaque paper bags, sales fell as shoppers balked at (畏缩) buying something they couldn’t see.(当冰岛食品用纸带代替塑料袋包装香蕉时，香蕉腐烂得更快或断裂。当它用不透明的纸袋包装面包时，由于顾客不愿购买看不到的东西，销量下降了。)”提到“去塑化导致香蕉易腐烂、面包销量下降等具体问题”。A选项“The zero-plastic drive also produced a series of unintended consequences.(零塑料运动还产生了一系列意想不到的后果。)”中的“zero-plastic drive”承接前文的“去塑化目标”，“unintended consequences”则引出了后文的香蕉腐烂和面包销量下降等具体问题，起到了承上启下的过渡作用，逻辑衔接紧密。 【50题详解】 空格前的句子“Iceland Foods then shifted to running tests with banana suppliers in the Caribbean that agreed to change machinery to apply paper bands. To limit how much the bananas are touched and bruised, suppliers put the banded fruit in plastic-lined cardboard boxes that are shipped to UK ripening centers. When they finally arrive at Iceland Foods’ stores, the same boxes are lifted onto shelves, leaving the fruit untouched.(随后，冰岛食品开始与加勒比地区的香蕉供应商进行测试，这些供应商同意更换设备来使用纸带。为了减少香蕉被触摸和碰伤的程度，供应商将绑好纸带的香蕉放入带有塑料衬里的纸箱中，运往英国的催熟中心。当它们最终抵达冰岛食品的门店时，同样的箱子被直接摆上货架，水果无需再被触碰。)”提到“冰岛食品通过与供应商合作，改进了香蕉的包装和运输方式，以减少去塑化带来的问题”。空格后的句子“Mr. Lendrum said Iceland Foods isn’t sure why. Still, he believes customers will get used to the new format over time.(伦德拉姆先生表示，冰岛食品不确定原因。不过，他相信随着时间的推移，顾客会习惯这种新形式。)”指出“高管对某一问题表示不解，但认为顾客会逐渐适应”。C选项“But sales of paper banded bananas are “significantly down” compared to the same product when it is placed in a plastic bag.(但与塑料袋包装的香蕉相比，纸带包装的香蕉销量“大幅下降”。)”中的“paper banded bananas”承接前文的“改进包装后的香蕉”，“sales are significantly down”则与后文的“isn’t sure why”和“get used to the new format”形成呼应，解释了高管所困惑的问题，逻辑连贯。 IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Do Weird (古怪的) People Make Better Artists? In one published experiment (there was a whole series of them), the participants were shown one of the two pictures of an imaginary artists called Stefasson. One was an ordinary-looking male in his twenties, while the other was a man of the same age who “had long hair” and “had not shaved for several days”. The results were interesting. The people who were shown the untidy Stefasson liked his wiled, unconventional art more than those who were shown the clean-shaven, suit-wearing Stefasson. The researchers say this preference is due to our desire for “sincerity” in an artist. What they mean by “sincerity” is that an artist’s style and appearance should go together. It sounds like a noble idea, but in fact, a huge body of great art, literature and music was created by artists who did not look weird. Are we supposed to label these lot of classic works boring and insincere? If so, we would miss an awful lot of classic works, like Bach’s musical compositions and Shakespeare’s poems. We are too much in love with the unconventional forms of art and the unconventional types that produce them. It is a strange sort of blindness to the fact that a lot of good art has been produced by people who were models of conventionality. Wesley Kant, a leading figure of abstract art, and Eric Cooper, pioneer of musical modernism, both dressed like bankers. Larry White, one of the founders of literary modernism, set out to look perfectly colorless in his suit and hat, just so he could fade into the background. It is the gap between their boring appearance and their wild inner world that makes these creators so attractive. So as we explore the vast landscape of artist expression, let us not be blinded by the charm of the weird. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The passage discusses whether “weird” people make better artists. It presents research suggesting that people prefer the art of artists who look unconventional, associating this with artistic sincerity. However, it argues that many great works were created by conventional-looking individuals, emphasizing that the disconnect between their mundane appearance and profound inner creativity is what truly attracts us. 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了怪人是否会成为更好的艺术家这个问题。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Do Weird (古怪的) People Make Better Artists? ②In one published experiment (there was a whole series of them), the participants were shown one of the two pictures of an imaginary artists called Stefasson. ③The results were interesting. The people who were shown the untidy Stefasson liked his wiled, unconventional art more than those who were shown the clean-shaven, suit-wearing Stefasson. The researchers say this preference is due to our desire for “sincerity” in an artist. ④It is a strange sort of blindness to the fact that a lot of good art has been produced by people who were models of conventionality. ⑤It is the gap between their boring appearance and their wild inner world that makes these creators so attractive. 2.缜密构思 将1、2、3、4、5要点进行重组，2、3要点进行整合，4、5要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 The passage discusses whether “weird” people make better artists. It presents research suggesting that people prefer the art of artists who look unconventional, associating this with artistic sincerity. However, it argues that many great works were created by conventional-looking individuals, emphasizing that the disconnect between their mundane appearance and profound inner creativity is what truly attracts us. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 The passage discusses whether “weird” people make better artists.(运用了whether引导宾语从句。) 【高分句型2】 It presents research suggesting that people prefer the art of artists who look unconventional, associating this with artistic sincerity.(运用了现在分词作状语和who引导定语从句。) V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 他不小心被工地上的电缆绊倒了。(trip v.) （汉译英） 【答案】He accidentally tripped over a cable/(an electric) wire (and fell) on the construction site. 【解析】 【详解】考查副词、动词及时态。句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；“不小心”使用accidentally，“被绊倒”使用trip over，“电缆”使用a cable wire或an electric wire，“工地上”使用on the construction site。被绊倒意味着摔倒，可以使用动词fall。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为He tripped over a cable/(an electric)wire (and fell) on the construction site. 53. 根据公司规定，工作满五年的员工有权享受带薪年假，这让他们感到心安理得。(entitle)(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 According to the company’s regulations, employees who have worked for the company for five years are entitled to paid annual leave, which makes them feel at ease. 【解析】 【详解】句子陈述规定和客观事实，整体用一般现在时。“根据公司规定”表达为according to the company’s regulations，主语“员工”表达为employees，“工作满五年的”处理为修饰employees的定语从句，关系词在句中作主语，可用who引导从句，谓语“已经为……工作”用have worked for，“这家公司”用the company，“五年”用for five years，主句谓语“有权享有”表达为be entitled to，主语是复数，be用are，宾语“带薪年假”表达为paid annual leave；“这让他们感到心安理得”处理为非限制性定语从句，先行词是上文句子所述内容，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which，“让某人感到心安理得”用make sb. feel at ease，主语which为单数意义，谓语make用单数形式，“他们”用them，作makes的宾语。 54. 那段痛苦的经历让这位学者清楚地意识到详细的计划只能通过日复一日的行动和选择来实现。(clear) （汉译英） ____________________________________________ 【答案】That painful experience made it clear to the scholar that a detailed plan can only be achieved through day-to-day actions and choices. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型和宾语从句。根据句意可知，本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。题目指定词为clear (清楚的)，本句使用make it clear to sb. that... 结构，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是that引导的宾语从句；表示“那段痛苦的经历”为that painful experience；表示“让这位学者清楚地意识到”为 made it clear to the scholar；表示“详细的计划只能通过日复一日的行动和选择来实现”为that a detailed plan can only be achieved through day-to-day actions and choices，其中detailed plan对应“详细的计划”，day-to-day actions and choices对应“日复一日的行动和选择”，被动语态be achieved体现“被实现”。句首字母大写，故翻译为 That painful experience made it clear to the scholar that a detailed plan can only be achieved through day-to-day actions and choices. 55. 当他们开始新的冒险时，他们希望旅途一帆风顺，每一个挑战都能轻松应对，每一个目标都能不费吹灰之力地实现。(where)(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 When they start their new adventure, they hope for a journey where everything goes smoothly, every challenge can be handled easily, and every goal can be achieved effortlessly. 【解析】 【详解】表示“当……时候”应用when引导时间状语从句；表示“他们”应用they；表示“开始”应用start，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为they，谓语动词用原形；表示“新的冒险”应用their new adventure；表示“希望”应用hope for；表示“旅途”应用a journey；表示“一切”应用everything；表示“一帆风顺”应用go smoothly，表示“旅途一帆风顺”应用a journey where everything goes smoothly，where引导限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作地点状语；表示“每一个挑战”应用every challenge；表示“能够”应用can；表示“应对”应用handle，handle和every challenge为被动关系，需用被动语态；表示“轻松地”应用easily；表示“每一个目标”应用every goal；表示“实现”应用achieve，此处使用被动语态；表示“不费吹灰之力地”应用effortlessly，where引导的定语从句中包含三个并列分句，需用连词and连接最后一个分句。 VI. An Additional Cloze （15分） The misery of my bike commute in Calgary, Alberta, is the river valley hill. It’s not particularly steep, but at about a mile long, I rarely climbed up without arriving with sweat. Studies have shown the prospect of arriving at work sweaty is one of the biggest ____56____ to getting would-be bike commuters out of their cars. That’s especially true in a city like Los Angeles, where riders may face long routes, hills or hot streets with a lack of ____57____. “Pedelec”, or pedal electric-assisted bikes like the one I rode, can end that worry. They look and act like traditional bicycles, but their motors make pedaling much easier when required. Sometimes called the most energy-efficient motorized mode of transportation ever built, they’re also incredibly green. The biggest barrier may be the outdated attitude that sees bikes only as a(n) ____58____ athletic opportunity rather than a practical transportation option. At a time when cities across North America are struggling to combat crippling traffic and reduce climate emissions, e-bikes have the ____59____ to ease both the problems. And yet ridership has yet to truly ____60____. About 152,000 e-bikes were sold last year in the U.S., a figure that would be more than 5 million if Americans used them at the same rate as western Europeans. Many of the barriers to e-bike ____61____ in North America are legislative. Patchwork rules treat e-bikes more like mopeds than traditional pedal bikes in some jurisdictions, meaning they are ____62____ from bike lanes and from boarding public transportation. Few places on the continent, however, are better ____63____ to break through barriers than California. Legislation was approved last year to encourage e-bike use, by legally differentiating the cycles from mopeds. In an attempt to head off worries about turbocharged machines flying down sidewalks and bike lanes at unsafe speeds, the law classifies bikes into different tiers to ____64____ lower-speed e-bikes, which top out at 20 mph, from faster-moving “speed pedelecs”, which are restricted from protected bike paths. Amid these legislative ____65____, e-bikes have become more accessible to consumers. Finding them in bike shops isn’t as ____66____ as it once was, and their cost has fallen as the price of lithium-ion batteries has dropped. Today, a decent e-bike, while still ____67____, is comparable in price to a high-end mountain bike. After years of ____68____ over mixing pedal and motor power, cycling advocacy organizations also are finally throwing their support behind e-bikes. Dave Snyder, the executive director of the California Bicycle Coalition, ____69____ the state’s new legislation based partly on the ____70____ that e-bikes help out those who “just can’t ride as far or as fast as they need to”. 56. A. drawbacks B. avenues C. barriers D. complements 57. A. shade B. coverage C. pause D. shadow 58. A. amusing B. theoretical C. idealistic D. recreational 59. A. advantage B. potential C. qualification D. capability 60. A. make out B. head off C. bring about D. take off 61. A. adaptation B. adoption C. adjustment D. justification 62. A. proved B. isolated C. banned D. authorized 63. A. positioned B. posed C. located D. posted 64. A. distract B. withdraw C. separate D. disengage 65. A. prejudices B. benefits C. limits D. rewards 66. A. challenging B. demanding C. critical D. difficult 67. A. dear B. tempting C. innovative D. distinctive 68. A. anxiety B. concern C. trouble D. preference 69. A. favored B. rejected C. declined D. weighed 70. A. proposal B. advice C. remark D. ground 【答案】56. C 57. A 58. D 59. B 60. D 61. B 62. C 63. A 64. C 65. B 66. D 67. A 68. B 69. A 70. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲的是电动自行车在解决城市交通和环保问题上的潜力，以及它在北美普及所面临的障碍。 【56题详解】 考查名词。句意：研究表明，一想到上班时会浑身是汗，是阻碍潜在骑行通勤者放弃开车、选择骑行的最大障碍之一。A. drawbacks缺点；B. avenues途径；C. barriers障碍；D. complements补充。根据上文“the prospect of arriving at work sweaty”和后文多次出现的barrier可知，出汗是阻止人们选择骑行的核心阻碍。 【57题详解】 考查名词。句意：在洛杉矶这类城市尤其如此，在那里骑行者可能要面对漫长路线、山或是缺乏遮阴处的炎热街道。A. shade阴凉；B. coverage覆盖；C. pause暂停；D. shadow影子。根据上文“hot streets”可知，炎热的街道缺少可供遮阳的阴凉区域，符合高温骑行的场景逻辑。 【58题详解】 考查形容词。句意：最大的障碍可能是过时的观念，它只把自行车看作一种娱乐性质的运动机会，而非实用的交通选择。A. amusing好笑的；B. theoretical理论的；C. idealistic理想主义的；D. recreational娱乐性的。根据下文“rather than a practical transportation option”可知，没有把骑行看作实用交通选择，而是休闲娱乐性质。 【59题详解】 考查名词。句意：当北美各地城市都在努力应对严重交通拥堵、减少气候排放时，电动自行车有潜力同时缓解这两个问题。A. advantage优势；B. potential潜力；C. qualification资质；D. capability能力。根据上文“struggling to combat crippling traffic and reduce climate emissions, e-bikes”可知，城市在应对严重交通拥堵、减少气候排放，所以电动自行车就有潜力缓解这两个问题。 【60题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：然而电动自行车的骑行普及度至今仍未真正起飞。A. make out辨认；B. head off阻止；C. bring about引发；D. take off迅速走红，发展。根据后文“About 152,000 e-bikes were sold last year in the U.S., a figure that would be more than 5 million if Americans used them at the same rate as western Europeans”欧美销量差距佐证可知，电动自行车的骑行普及度还未迎来爆发式普及。 【61题详解】 考查名词。句意：北美地区电动自行车推广普及的诸多障碍都来自立法层面。A. adaptation适应；B. adoption（产品的）采用，普及；C. adjustment调整；D. justification正当理由。根据第三段中“ridership has yet to truly ___”可知，电动自行车的骑行普及度还未迎来爆发式普及，因此此处是说人们采用或选择电动自行车的障碍是来自立法层面。 【62题详解】 考查动词。句意：部分辖区将电动自行车视作轻便摩托而非传统脚踏自行车，这意味着它们被禁止进入自行车道，也不允许登上公共交通。A. proved证明；B. isolated隔离；C. banned禁止；D. authorized授权。根据上文“treat e-bikes more like mopeds than traditional pedal bikes in some jurisdictions”可知，规则将电单车归类为机动车后，就会被禁止进入非机动车专属区域。 【63题详解】 考查动词。句意：但在北美大陆上，几乎没有哪个地方比加州更有条件突破这些障碍。A. positioned使处于某种有利位置；B. posed造成；C. located坐落；D. posted张贴。根据下文“Legislation was approved last year to encourage e-bike use, by legally differentiating the cycles from mopeds”可知，加州有条件突破这些障碍，be better positioned to do sth是固定表达，指客观条件更适配完成某件事。 【64题详解】 考查动词。句意：为了避免高速电助力车在人行道和自行车道超速行驶的隐患，该法案将电单车划分为不同等级，把最高时速20英里的低速电助力车和受保护自行车道禁止的高速“速度电单车”区分开。A. distract使分心；B. withdraw撤回；C. separate区分；D. disengage脱离。根据下文“lower-speed e-bikes, which top out at 20 mph, from faster-moving “speed pedelecs””可知，此处是说把低速电助力车和受保护自行车道禁止的高速“速度电单车”区分开，separate A from B是固定搭配，指将两类不同事物明确区分。 【65题详解】 考查名词。句意：在这些立法利好的推动下，消费者能更容易买到电动自行车。A. prejudices偏见；B. benefits利好，益处；C. limits限制；D. rewards奖励。第五段中“Legislation was approved last year to encourage e-bike use, by legally differentiating the cycles from mopeds.”提到的新法案是鼓励电单车普及的正向政策，属于行业发展的利好条件。 【66题详解】 考查形容词。句意：如今在自行车店里找到电动自行车不再像过去那么困难，随着锂离子电池价格下降，电单车的成本也有所降低。A. challenging有挑战性的；B. demanding要求高的；C. critical关键的；D. difficult困难的。根据上文“e-bikes have become more accessible to consumers”可知，产品普及后线下门店铺货变多，购买的难度自然下降。 【67题详解】 考查形容词。句意：如今一台不错的电动自行车，虽然价格仍然偏高，但价位已经和高端山地车相当。A. dear昂贵的；B. tempting诱人的；C. innovative创新的；D. distinctive有特色的。while表示“虽然”，后文“in price to a high-end mountain bike”用高端山地车做价格参照，说明电单车的定价仍处于较高区间。 【68题详解】 考查名词。句意：在对人力踩踏和电机动力混合模式抱有多年顾虑之后，骑行倡导组织最终也转而全力支持电动自行车。A. anxiety焦虑；B. concern顾虑；C. trouble麻烦；D. preference偏好。根据下文“cycling advocacy organizations also are finally throwing their support behind e-bikes”可知，行业组织此前对电单车的安全性、属性定位存在担忧。 【69题详解】 考查动词。句意：加州自行车联盟的执行主管Dave Snyder支持该州的新立法，部分依据是电动自行车能帮助那些“没法骑得足够远、足够快”的人群。A. favored支持；B. rejected拒绝；C. declined谢绝；D. weighed权衡。后文“e-bikes help out those who “just can’t ride as far or as fast as they need to”.”提到他给出的支持理由，说明他对法案持支持态度。 【70题详解】 考查名词。句意：加州自行车联盟的执行主管Dave Snyder支持该州的新立法，部分依据是电动自行车能帮助那些“没法骑得足够远、足够快”的人群。A. proposal提案；B. advice建议；C. remark评论；D. ground依据，理由。下文“that e-bikes help out those who “just can’t ride as far or as fast as they need to””是他支持新立法的原因，the ground that...是固定表达，指支撑某观点、行为的核心依据。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026届高三辅导练习（10） 2025.11 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Use a ladder to help her reach the cup. B. See a doctor about her shoulder. C. Put the cup on a lower shelf. D. Buy a new cupboard. 2. A. He has already called Harry. B. Harry knows most of the facts. C. He needs to talk to Harry soon. D. Harry doesn’t have a telephone. 3. A. The new doctor lacks experience. B. She disagrees with what the man said. C. The man had better talk with the patients first. D. Patients usually cannot offer a fair evaluation. 4. A. Take the man to the station. B. Look after the man’s things. C. Find out when the next bus leaves. D. Show the man the way to the station. 5. A. He was good at fixing up bookshelves. B. He helped James build up the furniture. C. James helped him arrange the furniture. D. James helped him with some of the work. 6. A. It’s difficult to take photographs indoors. B. The photo album is in the living room. C. Mary has lost the photo album. D. Mary is a good photographer. 7. A. The job’s short hours make it impossible for her to refuse. B. The job is turning into an excellent opportunity for her. C. She’s looking forward to meeting her new colleagues. D. She refused the position because of the low salary. 8. A. He had to do what is necessary in order to learn. B. He doesn’t have to memorize all the vocabulary. C. He knows the whole vocabulary list already. D. He cannot learn much by just memorizing. 9. A. It’s not the one he likes. B. He needs a smaller shirt. C. It doesn’t fit him very well. D. He hasn’t had time to try it on yet. 10. A. The line for concert tickets is too busy. B. He’s too busy to go to the concert. C. Carl knows the concert is at eight. D. He hasn’t been able to reach Carl. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. In the 19th century. B. In about 1800s. C. In the 18th century. D. In about 2400 BC. 12. A. The language used. B. The targeted readers. C. The reputation. D. The length. 13. A. The evolution of self-study books. B. The importance of self-study books. C. The difference among self-study books. D. The famous writers of self-study books. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. The reasons railroad regulations in the U.S.A were changed. B. The safety record of the railroad industry in the U.S.A. C. The financing of railroad construction in the U.S.A. D. The evolution of the railroad industry in the U.S.A. 15. A. Safety problems with railroad tracks. B. The growth of the automotive industry. C. The use of oversized freight containers. D. The high cost of meeting various regulations. 16. A. It causes less air pollution than other means of transport. B. Its competitors are less considerate of customers. C. It creates great personal fortunes for investors. D. Its business is kept in a traditional way. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. To earn money for her tuition. B. To make her dream come true. C. To make preparations for her future job. D. To ensure that she has time for acting work 18. A. Serious. B. Funny. C. Experienced. D. Demanding. 19. A. It involves many theories. B. He must get an advanced camera. C. He hasn’t learned physics before. D. It occupies much of his spare time. 20. A. He is more willing to do something. B. He has stopped working late. C. He can go to sleep early. D. He feels more relaxed. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Everywhere I look, there are new buildings under construction. The neighborhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and ____1____ their place, anonymous, modern, high-rise buildings have appeared. If we continue in this way, nothing ____2____ (remain) of our heritage; soon I will no longer recognize my city. ____3____ is left of the city’s traditional buildings and neighborhoods must be preserved and it is imperative that this process begins now. Historic preservation has become popular all over the world in recent years, but many countries around the world have opted for demolition and new construction over preservation. There is good reason for this: as the population has become ____4____ (wealthy), residents want all the conveniences of modern living. However, the built environment should be more than shiny new buildings with air conditioning and washing machines; it should also reflect the beauty of our culture and heritage. How ____5____ our children understand and maintain their cultural identity if we erase so much of the physical evidence of ____6____? Will they recognize a barjeel, the wind towers ____7____ once provided natural air conditioning for buildings all over the region? Will they understand the significance of mashrabiyas, the delicately carved wooden windows that provide a screen against the outside world? No ____8____ they are all here to stay. The arguments for preserving historic buildings are not simply about an emotional attachment to the past. There are also good economic arguments in favour of preservation. The renovation and preservation of historic districts can become an economic engine, ____9____ (draw) tourists and small businesses to the area. There are several good examples of this in the Middle East. In Dubai, the historic AI Bastikiya district draws thousands of tourists every year from all over the world. It also attracts local residents, eager to learn about their city’s past. It has beautifully been restored and is now a centre for traditional crafts, _____10_____ rug weaving and basket making. International visitors are not only interested in shopping centres; they also want to learn about our culture and traditions like these. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. serve B. affects C. measure D. swallow AB. locate AC. snap AD. roughly BC. hammer BD. turns CD. level ABC. outweigh People joke about asking horses, “Why the long face?” We should redirect this question to hammerhead sharks. Their famous head extensions, called cephalofolis (头翼), ____11____ three feet from eye to eye in a certain case. And scientists are still trying to find out exactly what purposes they ____12____. A study published in Scientific Reports has explored how the sharks’ strangely shaped head ____13____ how they swim. The researchers found, it did not seem to generate lift (提升力). In fact, it added a lot of drag (阻力), according to Glenn R. Parsons, a shark specialist at the University of Mississippi and one of the new paper’s authors. Some hammerheads may need to use ____14____ 10 times as much force as other sharks just to get through the water. There are some benefits to having a hammer for a head. Most experts agree that the widely spaced eyes, nostrils and electroreceptors (电感受器) enabled by the cephalofoli’s shape allow the hunters to more accurately ____15____ their prey. The heads can also serve as weapons. Biologists have observed a female use her head to____16____ a stingray (黄貂鱼) But you have to wonder what it’s like to swim around with that thing. In his more than 40 years of shark watching, Dr. Parsons has noticed that hammerheads are particularly nimble. “They make these real quick ____17____,” he said. Maybe, he thought, the head shape improved maneuverability. Or perhaps it helps them fight gravity by providing lift, like an airplane wing. To investigate, Dr. Parsons and his colleagues turned to computational fluid dynamics (计算流体动力学) — a method familiar to aircraft and submarine designers. When a hammerhead’s cephalofoli was ____18____ — as is typical when they are swimming — it did not generate lift, the researchers found. But as soon as the cephalofoli was tipped up or down, the force quickly came into play, enabling a rapid ascent or descent. This may help to explain why hammerheads are “much more mobile than a typical shark,” said Dr. Parsons. He thinks the skill may help them ____19____ up food from the sea floor. The researchers also measured how much drag the cephalofolis produced. The winghead shark, which has the largest hammer, appears to be dealing with “20 to 40 times the amount of drag” as a typical fish, Dr. Parsons said. Such a head, he added, seems like “a pain in the butt,” although the benefits it provides must ____20____ the costs. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Doctors are scientists who operate in a world of statistics, odds and probability. Yet they’ve long been taught that when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty. ____21____, patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and a straightforward course of treatment. But now that information about every medical condition imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether doctors’ apparent ____22____ when communicating with their patients actually does more harm than good. With the information overload brought by the progress of medicine and technology, answers are ____23____ black or white. Medical schools are only just starting to teach doctors how to deal with this, and patients’ expectations haven’t ____24____, either. “Medicine has always fallen short of the sort of certainty that we find in math and geometry”, says Dr. Ross Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health in Toronto. “If you think about knowledge and what it does, it’s about ____25____ uncertainty, not about creating certainty.” Doctors in training, like gamblers, need to be ____26____ working in a field in which they’re constantly weighing the odds based on a myriad of factors. When Upshur teaches medical students how to diagnose an ailment, he tells them to ____27____ their inquiry — come up with a list of possibilities, rather than quickly home in on a single solution. “Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is firm, you usually don’t have certainty about what would be the best ____28____ and what the outcomes will be in the long run.” Technology has helped ____29____ the quest for certainty. We are reaching a point where we can feed a list of symptoms into a computer and get a more ____30____ diagnosis than from a doctor. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, sees such developments as both a(n) ____31____ and an opportunity. On one hand, he says, “technology tries to push you to a(n) ____32____ level of certainty. Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease.” On the other hand, computers can’t ____33____ a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in a comforting way. Take a routine screening test for early-stage lung cancer. Based on your age, your smoking status, and your gender, a computer can do a great job of evaluating the chances of finding a cancerous nodule (癌症结节). It can also ____34____ quite precisely the risk of developing an actual cancer based on the size and shape of a nodule. What it can’t do, however, is decide how to ____35____ the news that you have a nodule in your lung that has a 1 percent chance of becoming a cancer. 21. A. On one hand B. All in all C. As a result D. Above all 22. A. hesitation B. conviction C. confusion D. certainty 23. A. frequently B. generally C. rarely D. barely 24. A. alerted B. vanished C. faded D. adjusted 25. A. limiting B. gathering C. ignoring D. increasing 26. A. resistant to B. reluctant to C. accustomed to D. inclined to 27. A. narrow B. justify C. clarify D. broaden 28. A. healing B. cure C. diagnosis D. defense 29. A. enlighten B. redefine C. hinder D. complicate 30. A. accurate B. straightforward C. vague D. effective 31. A. challenge B. push C. stretch D. endurance 32. A. stable B. maximal C. favorable D. ultimate 33. A. keep B. confine C. communicate D. indicate 34. A. conclude B. estimate C. project D. calculate 35. A. break B. report C. inform D. interpret Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） One day last summer, I called Athena, a 13-year-old who lives in Houston, Texas. She answered her phone — she’s had an iPhone since she was 11. We chatted about her favourite songs and TV shows, and I asked her what she likes to do with her friends. “We go to the mall,” she said. “Do your parents drop you off?” I asked, recalling my own middle-school days, in the 1980s, when I’d enjoy a few parent-free hours shopping with my friends. “No — I go with my family,” she replied. “We’ll go with my mom and brothers and walk a little behind them.” Those mall trips are infrequent — about once a month. More often, Athena and her friends spend time together on their phones. Unlike the teens of my generation, who might have spent an evening tying up the family landline with gossip, they talk on Snapchat, the smartphone app that allows users to send pictures and videos that quickly disappear. She told me she’d spent most of the summer hanging out alone in her room with her phone. That’s just the way her generation is, she said. “We didn’t have a choice to know any life without iPads or iPhones. I think we like our phones more than we like actual people.” I’ve been researching generational differences for 25 years. Typically, the characteristics that come to define a generation appear gradually, and along a continuum. Beliefs and behaviors that were already rising simply continue to do so. Millennials, for instance, are a highly individualistic generation, but individualism had been increasing since the Baby Boomers turned on, tuned in, and dropped out. I had grown accustomed to line graphs of trends that looked like modest hills and valleys. Then I began studying Athena’s generation. Around 2012, I noticed sudden shifts in teen behaviors and emotional states. The gentle slopes of the line graphs became steep mountains and cliffs, and many of the distinctive characteristics of the Millennial generation began to disappear. In all my analyses of generational data — some reaching back to the 1930s — I had never seen anything like it. At first I thought these might be blips, but the trends persisted, across several years and a series of national surveys. The changes weren’t just in degree, but in kind. The biggest difference between the Millennials and their predecessors was in how they viewed the world; teens today differ from the Millennials not just in their views but in how they spend their time. The experiences they have every day are greatly different from those of the generation that came of age just a few years before them. 36. According to the passage, how are Athena and her friends different from the teens of the writer’s generation? A. They do less shopping. B. They are better at taking pictures. C. They go out with friends less often. D. They get along better with their parents. 37. Which of the following graphs best illustrates the writer’s description in second sentence of paragraph 4? A. B. C. D. 38. The word “blips” (in paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to “____”. A. generational differences B. inevitable trends C. large-scale shifts D. temporary changes 39. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? A. Smartphones generally do more harm than good to teenagers. B. There is a fundamental difference between today’s teens and the millennials. C. Teen behaviors and emotional states are harder to predict than those of other age groups. D. Individualism emerged and disappeared as the Baby Boomers turned on and dropped out. （B） Top Apps for Climate Activists The world population is at 7 billion and it’s predicted that by the end of this year there will be one smartphone for every five people in the world. That’s a lot of phones and a lot of information literally at our fingertips. Information is constantly changing and those of us working hard to protect the environment for ourselves and future generations need to have access to up-to-date material. Being a climate change activist can be time consuming. But…There’s an app (or ten) for that! The number of apps out there is staggering. With these apps you’ll be amazed at how easy it is to stay in the know when it comes to your health, and the health of the environment. Carbon Emissions Calculator for Air Travel (iOS-Free) This app allows passengers to estimate the carbon emissions attributed to their air travel. It is simple to use — just select your origin and destination airports, specify the class of travel and number of passengers. View the carbon footprint and the distance traveled for your trip. Fooducate (iOS and Android-$ 4.99) This app empowers food shoppers everywhere to make healthy, informed decisions while at the supermarket. Scan your food and Fooducate generates a letter grade (A, B, C, or D) for each product scanned, along with brief explanations and warnings about its nutrients and ingredients. There is also an option to enter the bar code manually. The app will recommend minimally processed, real foods which are naturally rich in nutrients and antioxidants. Locavore (iOS and Android-Free) If you’re looking for the closest farmers market selling your favorite in season produce, then Locavore is the app for you. Locavore is a great app for those searching for local, in season, organic foods in your area. The app has one-click access to thousands of healthy, seasonal recipes and other information that can be shared with your friends and family. I like how the app not only lets you know which fruits and veggies are in season-it also lets you know how long they’ll be in season. Zimride (iOS and Android-Free) Ridesharing apps are all the rage. Zimride is a new spin on ridesharing, using social networks to enable real connections. Once you set up a profile you are able to book a ride in your area, or post a ride of your own. Drivers can charge for rides and Zimride doesn’t take a cut. Rides seem to be reasonably priced and since profiles are linked with Facebook it’s easy to check out your potential ride companions. 40. According to this text, the author recommends APPs because ______. A. those APPs could help people gain the up-to-date material B. those APPs could forecast the changing climate accurately C. those APPs are designed to protect the environment for us D. those APPs are free for those people who have a designated phone 41. Suppose you are committed to a sustainable diet by consuming locally sourced, seasonal produce, which Apps should you download? A. Carbon Emission Calculator for Air Travel and Zimride B. Fooducate and Zimride C. Locavore and Fooducate D. Zimride and Locavore 42. Which of the following is true about the APPs mentioned in this passage? A. Carbon Emissions Calculator for Air Travel could calculate the accurate carbon emissions of passengers. B. Locavore can not only tell us which fruits and meat are in season, it also tells us how long they’ll be in season. C. Zimride will charge for rides and then take a cut and the rest belongs to drivers. D. Fooducate will recommend minimally processed foods which are naturally rich in nutrients and antioxidants. （C） Business innovation is an organization’s process for introducing new ideas, workflows methodologies, services or products. Like IT innovation, which calls for using technology in new ways to create a more efficient and agile organization, business innovation should enable the achievement of goals across the entire organization, with sights set on accomplishing core business aims and initiatives. Innovation often begins with idea generation, whereas ideas are narrowed down during brainstorming sessions, after which leaders consider the business viability, feasibility and desirability of each idea. Business innovation should improve one existing products, services or processes; or it should solve a problem; or it should reach new customers. Recent examples of business innovation include the introduction of the Dyson vacuum cleaner, whose creator and namesake James Dyson declared in advertisements that he set out to build a better product by applying industrial cyclone technologies to the household appliance. The purpose of the business innovation process is to create value for the organization. That value can come from creating new revenue opportunities or driving more revenue through existing channels: from creating efficiencies that save time, money or both; or from improvements to productivity or performance. In short, innovation should lead to higher profits. Additionally, the results of an organization’s innovation process should yield a competitive advantage: it should help the organization to grow and reach — or, better still, exceed — strategic objectives. Innovation and invention are closely linked, but the two terms are hardly interchangeable. An invention is an entirely new creation. The process of business innovation can produce an invention, but the term is broader in scope and includes the application of an existing concept or practice in a new way, or applying new technology to an existing product or process to improve upon it. To better understand the difference, consider this: The telephone is an invention, but the smartphone is an innovation. Business innovation can also be classified as either revolutionary or evolutionary. Revolutionary business innovation yields a drastic change in a product, service, process, etc. which often destroys or supplants an existing business model. This is also known as radical innovation. Evolutionary or incremental innovation involves smaller, more continuous improvements that, while important, are not drastic enough to shift a company or market into a new paradigm. Disruptive innovation is a category that emphasizes the destructive aspect of revolutionary innovation: this term applies to business innovation that leads to the creation of a new market that displaces an existing one or, similarly, a significant upheaval in a category of products or services. Business innovation, like most business initiatives, has both benefits and risks. Organizations should recognize on the negative side that the business innovation process can be a costly undertaking that does not always produce a return on investment (ROI); that ideas considered likely to succeed could still fail; and that stakeholders could fight the changes required to be successful. On the other hand, organizations need to weigh those risks against the benefits of business innovation. 43. What is the fundamental purpose of business innovation? A. To generate a vast number of creative ideas through brainstorming. B. To make more profits by replacing existing business models. C. To facilitate the invention of entirely new products and services. D. To enhance the company’s overall value and competitive position. 44. According to the passage, which of the following options is an example of innovation? A. The development of a ride-hailing APP. B. The discovery of penicillin. C. The creation of the first electric light bulb. D. The scientific formulation of the theory of General Relativity. 45. Based on the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. Revolutionary innovation is risky while evolutionary innovation is safe. B. Disruptive innovation is a separate category contrary to revolutionary innovation. C. Evolutionary innovation focuses on the creation of new products. D. The difference between revolutionary and evolutionary innovation lies in the scale of impact. 46. What is the author’s attitude towards business innovation? A. Critically skeptical. B. Guardedly optimistic. C. Unreservedly enthusiastic. D. Academically detached. Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. When one of the best-known supermarket chains in the UK decided to remove plastics from its products, it hadn’t expected an increase in shoplifting. ____47____ Some customers bent the pliable containers in half and stuffed them down their trousers, executives said. Such theft wasn’t as easy when the steaks came wrapped in more rigid plastic packaging. Iceland Foods, a frozen-food-focused grocer that has roughly 1,000 stores across the UK, is struggling with a number of unexpected challenges as it races to meet a self-imposed target of removing single-use plastic from its hundreds of store-brand products by the end of next year. ____48____ Removing plastic packaging from food can be exceptionally hard. A surge in demand for plastic-wrapped food during the pandemic is making this objective even harder. More expensive paper packaging is causing trouble at a time of rampant inflation, particularly because Iceland Foods typically caters to more price-sensitive consumers. ____49____ When Iceland Foods wrapped bananas in paper bands instead of plastic bags, the fruit rotted more quickly or snapped off. When it packed bread in opaque paper bags, sales fell as shoppers balked at (畏缩) buying something they couldn’t see. Iceland Foods then shifted to running tests with banana suppliers in the Caribbean that agreed to change machinery to apply paper bands. To limit how much the bananas are touched and bruised, suppliers put the banded fruit in plastic-lined cardboard boxes that are shipped to UK ripening centers. When they finally arrive at Iceland Foods’ stores, the same boxes are lifted onto shelves, leaving the fruit untouched. ____50____ Mr. Lendrum said Iceland Foods isn’t sure why. Still, he believes customers will get used to the new format over time. “We haven’t given up,” he said. “You’re trialing this stuff against plastic that has been operating at scale for 30 to 40 years and has been optimized to perfection. You have to invest if you want to change thing.” A. The zero-plastic drive also produced a series of unintended consequences. B. So far it has cut or eliminated plastic on dozens of its products — from fish and chicken to apples and berries — but executives say they may not achieve the target in time. C. But sales of paper banded bananas are “significantly down” compared to the same product when it is placed in a plastic bag. D. Removing plastic packaging is particularly tricky for a number of products. E. Yet that is what happened when Iceland Foods Ltd. started selling steak in recyclable paper trays. F. For now, Iceland Foods is absorbing the extra expense of swapping in paper for plastic. IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Do Weird (古怪的) People Make Better Artists? In one published experiment (there was a whole series of them), the participants were shown one of the two pictures of an imaginary artists called Stefasson. One was an ordinary-looking male in his twenties, while the other was a man of the same age who “had long hair” and “had not shaved for several days”. The results were interesting. The people who were shown the untidy Stefasson liked his wiled, unconventional art more than those who were shown the clean-shaven, suit-wearing Stefasson. The researchers say this preference is due to our desire for “sincerity” in an artist. What they mean by “sincerity” is that an artist’s style and appearance should go together. It sounds like a noble idea, but in fact, a huge body of great art, literature and music was created by artists who did not look weird. Are we supposed to label these lot of classic works boring and insincere? If so, we would miss an awful lot of classic works, like Bach’s musical compositions and Shakespeare’s poems. We are too much in love with the unconventional forms of art and the unconventional types that produce them. It is a strange sort of blindness to the fact that a lot of good art has been produced by people who were models of conventionality. Wesley Kant, a leading figure of abstract art, and Eric Cooper, pioneer of musical modernism, both dressed like bankers. Larry White, one of the founders of literary modernism, set out to look perfectly colorless in his suit and hat, just so he could fade into the background. It is the gap between their boring appearance and their wild inner world that makes these creators so attractive. So as we explore the vast landscape of artist expression, let us not be blinded by the charm of the weird. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 他不小心被工地上的电缆绊倒了。(trip v.) （汉译英） 53. 根据公司规定，工作满五年的员工有权享受带薪年假，这让他们感到心安理得。(entitle)(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 54. 那段痛苦的经历让这位学者清楚地意识到详细的计划只能通过日复一日的行动和选择来实现。(clear) （汉译英） ____________________________________________ 55. 当他们开始新的冒险时，他们希望旅途一帆风顺，每一个挑战都能轻松应对，每一个目标都能不费吹灰之力地实现。(where)(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ VI. An Additional Cloze （15分） The misery of my bike commute in Calgary, Alberta, is the river valley hill. It’s not particularly steep, but at about a mile long, I rarely climbed up without arriving with sweat. Studies have shown the prospect of arriving at work sweaty is one of the biggest ____56____ to getting would-be bike commuters out of their cars. That’s especially true in a city like Los Angeles, where riders may face long routes, hills or hot streets with a lack of ____57____. “Pedelec”, or pedal electric-assisted bikes like the one I rode, can end that worry. They look and act like traditional bicycles, but their motors make pedaling much easier when required. Sometimes called the most energy-efficient motorized mode of transportation ever built, they’re also incredibly green. The biggest barrier may be the outdated attitude that sees bikes only as a(n) ____58____ athletic opportunity rather than a practical transportation option. At a time when cities across North America are struggling to combat crippling traffic and reduce climate emissions, e-bikes have the ____59____ to ease both the problems. And yet ridership has yet to truly ____60____. About 152,000 e-bikes were sold last year in the U.S., a figure that would be more than 5 million if Americans used them at the same rate as western Europeans. Many of the barriers to e-bike ____61____ in North America are legislative. Patchwork rules treat e-bikes more like mopeds than traditional pedal bikes in some jurisdictions, meaning they are ____62____ from bike lanes and from boarding public transportation. Few places on the continent, however, are better ____63____ to break through barriers than California. Legislation was approved last year to encourage e-bike use, by legally differentiating the cycles from mopeds. In an attempt to head off worries about turbocharged machines flying down sidewalks and bike lanes at unsafe speeds, the law classifies bikes into different tiers to ____64____ lower-speed e-bikes, which top out at 20 mph, from faster-moving “speed pedelecs”, which are restricted from protected bike paths. Amid these legislative ____65____, e-bikes have become more accessible to consumers. Finding them in bike shops isn’t as ____66____ as it once was, and their cost has fallen as the price of lithium-ion batteries has dropped. Today, a decent e-bike, while still ____67____, is comparable in price to a high-end mountain bike. After years of ____68____ over mixing pedal and motor power, cycling advocacy organizations also are finally throwing their support behind e-bikes. Dave Snyder, the executive director of the California Bicycle Coalition, ____69____ the state’s new legislation based partly on the ____70____ that e-bikes help out those who “just can’t ride as far or as fast as they need to”. 56. A. drawbacks B. avenues C. barriers D. complements 57. A. shade B. coverage C. pause D. shadow 58. A. amusing B. theoretical C. idealistic D. recreational 59. A. advantage B. potential C. qualification D. capability 60. A. make out B. head off C. bring about D. take off 61. A. adaptation B. adoption C. adjustment D. justification 62. A. proved B. isolated C. banned D. authorized 63. A. positioned B. posed C. located D. posted 64. A. distract B. withdraw C. separate D. disengage 65. A. prejudices B. benefits C. limits D. rewards 66. A. challenging B. demanding C. critical D. difficult 67. A. dear B. tempting C. innovative D. distinctive 68. A. anxiety B. concern C. trouble D. preference 69. A. favored B. rejected C. declined D. weighed 70. A. proposal B. advice C. remark D. ground 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $