Unit 2 Home Sweet Home 知识点 2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册

该初中英语八上Unit 2知识清单系统梳理“Home Sweet Home”主题内容，涵盖14个核心词汇（含变形与拓展）、17个重点句型、情态动词can/could语法及家庭主题写作，搭建从词汇基础到句型应用、语法规则再到写作实践的递进式学习支架。 清单以★标注词汇重难点（如sort...into...、invite sb. to do sth.），用表格对比易混点（如arrive in/at用法），结合语境示例与分层习题（2026习题），培养学生语言能力与思维品质。写作提供典例与结构指导，助力学生掌握表达逻辑，教师可据此设计针对性教学，学生能自主通过习题巩固，提升学习效率。

八上Unit 2 Home Sweet Home知识点 RWords 1. sort v.把分类;整理 n.种类 【变形】 sorting n.分类 【拓展】 sortinto把分为 sortfrom把从中挑出来 sort out整理;挑出 a sort of一种 all sorts of各种各样的 rubbish sorting 垃圾分类 Please sort these cards into two piles.请把这些卡片分成两堆。 They are learning rubbish sorting.他们正在学习垃圾分类。 Can you sort the red balls from the blue ones?你能把红球从蓝球里挑出来吗? I don't like that sort of game.我不喜欢那种游戏。 When I got home, I found my desk was in a mess, so I decided to sort out my school things at once.回到家时,我发现书桌一团糟,于是决定立刻把学习用品整理好。 【习题】 【2026习题】Lastly, make sure to put things back in the right place after using them. This will help keep everything (sort). 2. invite v.邀请 【变形】 invitation n.邀请 【拓展】 invite sb. to + 地点 / 活动 邀请某人去某地/参加活动 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 accept / turn down an invitation 接受 / 拒绝邀请 send / give an invitation 发出邀请 Mr. Li invited all the parents to the school open day.李老师邀请所有家长参加校园开放日。 Our English teacher invited some foreign students to join us in the English corner. 我们英语老师邀请了几位外国学生和我们一起参加英语角。 I got an invitation to Tom's graduation ceremony. 我收到汤姆毕业典礼的请柬。 He sent out invitations to all his classmates before the party.派对前他给所有同学发了邀请函。 I was happy to accept her invitation, because I like painting exhibitions.我很高兴接受了她的邀请,因为我喜欢画展。 I had to turn down the invitation because I was busy preparing for the exam.我不得不拒绝这次邀请,因为我正忙着备考。 【习题】 【2026习题1】So I decided to invite my friend Ben (join) me. 【2026习题2】My parents (invite) them secretly (秘密地). We all gathered (聚集) in the living room, and there were many gifts waiting for me. 【2026习题3】Wan invited some Michelin inspectors(检察员) (visit) the restaurant and rate(评级) it. 【2026习题4】When you receive an (invite) from others, please make sure if there is an RSVP on it. 3. arrival n.到达 【变形】 arrive v.到达 【拓展】 ️ arrive 不能直接加地点名词,必须加 in / at 结构 含义 例句 arrive in + 大地方(城市/国家) 到达(大城市/国家) We arrived in Beijing yesterday. arrive at + 小地方(学校/车站/机场) 到达(小地点) He arrived at the bus stop early. arrive on time 准时到达 Please arrive on time tomorrow. We arrived in London last night.我们昨晚抵达伦敦。 She arrived at the library just before it closed.她在图书馆关门之前赶到了。 The arrival of spring makes everyone feel happy.春天的到来让每个人都感到开心。 On arrival at the hotel, we checked in immediately.一到酒店我们就办理了入住。 After a long journey, we finally arrived at the small village, and the villagers gave us a warm welcome on our arrival.经过长途旅行,我们终于到达那个小村庄,村民们在我们到达时热情地欢迎了我们。 【习题】 【2026习题1】The moment we (arrive), we were surprised by the green trees and beautiful sights in Changsha. 【2026习题2】 (final), the competition day arrived. 【2026习题3】Oliver also arrived in the forest (secret). 【2026习题4】At last, we arrived our destination(目的地)by a waterfall. 【2026习题5】So after one year, he arrivedChina alone and became a student of Beijing Opera at a Beijing school. 4. add v.添加;加 【变形】 addition n.增加物,新增人员;增加;加法; additional adj.额外的 added adj.增加的 【拓展】 add A to B 把 A 加到 B 里 add up 把……加起来 add up to + 数字 总计达…… add that … 补充说…… in addition 此外(= besides / what's more) Remember to add some milk to your tea.记得往茶里加点牛奶。 The teacher asked us to add two new words to our notebook.老师让我们在笔记本里再加两个新单词。 Please add up these figures for me.请帮我把这些数字加起来。 The money I spent on books adds up to 500 yuan this month.本月我花在书上的钱总计500元。 In addition to math, I also like physics and chemistry.除了数学,我还喜欢物理和化学。 The school has built a new lab, and in addition, it has added many modern machines to help students learn better.学校建了一间新实验室,此外还增加了许多现代化设备,帮助学生更好地学习。 【习题】 【2026习题1】Tom loves adding new life old things. 【2026习题2】All these points add up the traditional Chinese diet being a healthy one. 【2026习题3】Themes of marathons add fun and meanings the hard miles. 5. borrow v.借入 【变形】 lend 借出 lend-lent-lent 单词 含义 用法 borrow 借;借入 (主语借进) borrow sth. from sb. “向某人借某物” lend 借给;借出 (主语借出) lend sb. sth. “借某物给某人” = lend sth. to sb. “把某物借给某人” keep 保存;保留 延续动词,表示借用的时间长度,与for +一段时间及how long连用(指借一段时间) 【拓展】 borrow sth. from sb. / from + 地方 向某人/某处借某物 lend sth to sb.把某物借给某人 lend sb. sth. 借给某人某物 lend a hand 帮忙 He borrowed my umbrella and forgot to return it.他借走了我的伞却忘了还。 I borrowed The Little Prince from the school library yesterday.我昨天从图书馆借了《小王子》。 You can borrow magazines from the reading room, but you can't take them out.你可以从阅览室借杂志看,但不能带出去。 She lent her dictionary to me, and I returned it this morning.她把字典借给我,我早上还了。 【习题】 【2026习题1】When your teacher gives you too much homework, when your team loses an important game, when a friend (borrow) your favorite thing and then breaks it, you may get really angry. 【2026习题2】Paul tried to borrow money a bank 【2026习题3】So they used their credit cards (信用卡) and bought as much computer memory as possible. They also(borrow) money from family and friends. 【2026习题4】He kept working hard to lend hand with the development (发展) of Chinese science and education. 6. until prep.到时;直到为止 【拓展】 notuntil直到才 I didn't go to bed until my mother came back. 直到妈妈回来,我才去睡觉。 He didn't leave until the rain stopped. 雨停了他才离开。 The baby didn't stop crying until she saw her mom. 宝宝看到妈妈才停止哭闹。 【习题】 【2026习题1】So, Tom and his dad collect old chairs, tables, and toys from the street or their friends. They fix them up (修理) and paint them. They work on them each thing looks new. 【2026习题2】People won’t change their New Year paintings the next year. 【2026习题3】Every time we went to a restaurant, she would not eat anything all the dishes were on the table. 【2026习题4】Chinese New Year starts with the New Moon on the first day of the new year and it doesn’t end the moon is the brightest 15 days later. 7. dead adj.不运行的;死的 【变形】 die v.死;枯死瞬间动词,不与时间段连用 died v.过去式 / 过去分词 dead adj.死的;去世的 death n.死亡 dying adj.垂死的;即将消亡的也可作 die 的现在分词 【拓展】 die of + 内因(疾病/饥饿/年老) 死于…… die from + 外因(事故/伤口) 死于…… die out 灭绝;逐渐消失 a dead tree枯树 be dying for sth. / to do sth. 极度渴望 The old man died peacefully last winter.那位老人去年冬天安详离世。 His grandfather died of a heart attack.他爷爷死于心脏病。 The plant has been dead since last month.那株植物从上月起就枯死了。 They found a dying bird under the tree.他们在树下发现一只奄奄一息的小鸟。 【习题】 【2026习题1】What’s more, they are less likely(die) of illnesses like heart problems. 【2026习题2】Hong Kong actor Wu Mengda (die) of cancer on Saturday at the age of 70. His friend told media that he was peaceful. 【2026习题3】The news of Wu's(die) has made the headlines. 【2026习题4】she found her uncle(die) and saw her arms broken. 8.decorate v.装饰;装潢 【变形】 decoration n.装饰;装饰品 decorative adj.装饰性的 【拓展】 decorate with 用……装饰…… be decorated with 被……装饰着 decorate the house / room / street 装饰房屋/房间/街道 decorate with flowers / lanterns / balloons 用花/灯笼/气球装饰 We decorated the classroom with colorful paper and balloons.我们用彩纸和气球装饰了教室。 Mom likes to decorate the cake with fresh fruit.妈妈喜欢用新鲜水果装饰蛋糕。 During the Spring Festival, the streets are decorated with red lanterns.春节街上挂满红灯笼。 The Christmas tree was decorated with shiny stars.圣诞树上装饰着闪亮的星星。 【习题】 【2026习题1】They also decorate their homesbeautiful red paper cuttings. 【2026习题2】Lanterns are used(decorate) homes and public places and have become a symbol of national pride in China. 9.cover v.遮盖;包括 n.遮盖物;封皮 【变形】 discover v.发现(dis‑ 去掉 cover 遮盖 揭开) uncover v.揭开;掀开 【拓展】 cover with 用……盖住…… be covered with / by 被……覆盖着(被动常考) cover an area of 占地……面积 cover + 距离 / 费用 / topic 走完(路程);支付;涉及(话题) Please cover the food with a clean cloth.请用干净布把食物盖住。 She covered her face with her hands in shame.她羞愧地用手捂住了脸。 The mountain is covered with white clouds in the morning.早晨这座山云雾缭绕。 After the storm, the yard was covered with fallen leaves.暴风雨过后,院子里满是落叶。 【习题】 【2026习题1】So, Cao Cao told his soldiers to shoot arrows at the boats. Soon, all the straw men (cover) with arrows. 【2026习题2】The resort covers area of more than 318,000 square meters in Jinshan District. 【2026习题3】In ancient times, the emperors of ancient China loved dragons and their clothes (cover) with pictures of dragons. 10. end n.末端;尽头;目的 v.结束 【变形】 ending n.结尾 endless adj.无止境的 endlessly adv.无止境地 【拓展】 at the end of sth.在…的尽头/末尾(可接地点、时间或事物) by the end of到…结束时(常与完成时连用) in the end最终,最后 bring … to an end 使……结束 come to an end 结束(较正式) end up (with / doing / in) 以……告终 If you don't study, you'll end up failing the exam.如果你不学习,你最终会考试不及格。 There is a mailbox at the end of the street.街道尽头有一个邮箱。 The term will come to an end next week.学期将于下周结束。 By the end of last term, we had learned 2,000 English words.到上学期末为止,我们已经学了 2,000 个英语单词。 【习题】 【2026习题】However, after experiencing a storm, he (end) up on a deserted island(荒岛). 11.choose v.选择;挑选 【变形】 choose-chose-chosen choice n.选择 【拓展】 choose to do sth.选择做某事 be chosen to do sth. choosefrom从中选择 make a choice做 出选择 have no choice but to do sth.别无选择只能做某事 Many students choose to get further education at home instead of going abroad. 许多学生选择在国内接受进一步教育,而不是出国。 He had no choice but to depend on himself at that moment.当时他别无选择,只能依靠自己。 【习题】 【2026习题1】It was not easy (choose) the perfect songs. 【2026习题2】You can choose what you feel like (do), and you can make new friends easily. 【2026习题3】Because it was the first time for us to travel without parents, we wanted (choose) a wonderful place to go to. 【2026习题4】On the first floor of the restaurant, you can choose popular tastes of ice cream. 12.share v.分享;分担/共用 n.一份;可接受的一份 【变形】 share shared(过去式/过去分词) sharing(现在分词) 【拓展】 share sth. with sb将某物分享给某人 I shared my umbrella with her when it rained.下雨时我把伞借给她一起用/分她一起打。 We share a bathroom in this apartment.我们在这套公寓里共用一间浴室。 They shared the cost of the dinner.他们平摊了这顿饭钱。 【习题】 【2026习题1】I kept taking photos and couldn’t wait (share) every amazing landscape with my parents. 【2026习题2】When we have a box of delicious cookies, we share them our family members. 【2026习题3】It’s a time(share) interesting stories about your day. 【2026习题4】Li Ziqi, the popular video maker who shows us how people lived in old Chinese villages, returned(回归) after a long break on November 12, 2024. She(share) a new video about lacquerware(漆器), a traditional Chinese art form. 【2026习题5】In general, we expect more and more Chinese young people (share) our traditional culture and history with others. 13. glue n.胶水 / v. 粘贴 【拓展】 glue A to/onto B 把A贴在B上 glue A and B together 把A和B粘在一起 —Could you help me buy a tube of glue? 你能帮我买一管胶水吗?—No problem. 没问题。 She glued the label onto the box. 她把标签贴在箱子上。 First, glue two pieces of paper together. 首先,把两张纸粘在一起。 【习题】 选用 to / onto / together填空。 You need to glue the photo the application form. Glue these two pieces of wood . She carefully glued the stamp the corner of the envelope. 8. hope v.希望 n.希望;期盼的东西,盼望的事; 【变形】 hopeful adj.有希望的 hopeless adj.无望的 【拓展】 hope to do sth 希望做某事 hope + (that) 从句 希望…… We hope you’ll feel at home here. 我们希望你在这里有宾至如归的感觉。 We hope (that) you will pass the exam.我们希望你通过考试。 【习题】 【2026习题1】By eating taro, they hope (have) another good harvest next year. 【2026习题2】With different forms of celebration, people everywhere share the same warm and (hope) spirit as they step into a new year. 【2026习题3】They also give them to friends as gifts. Everyone (hope) that good things (happen) in the future. RSentences 1. Can/Could you please water the plants? 请你给植物浇水好吗? -Sure./Sorry,I have to clean the bathroom now.当然可以。/对不起,我现在得打扫浴室。 【拓展1】 重点:“Could you please ?”表示“请你……好吗?”,后接动词 原形 ,否定形式为 Could you please not do? 。其中could表示委婉语气,不表示过去时态。 其答语如下: 肯定回答,如Yes, sure./Sure./Certainly./OK./No problem.等; 否定回答,如Sorry, I can’t./Sorry, I’m afraid not. Because 等。 —Could you please pass me the spoon? 请你把勺子递给我好吗? —Sure. Here you are. 当然可以,给你。 Could you please not play computer games? 请你不要玩电脑游戏了好吗? 【拓展2】 have to表示不得不,相当于must后接动词 原形 【习题】 【2026习题1】I think David can(bring) his phone to school, but I have to keep it for him. 【2026习题2】And anyone in the area can(contribute) or take what they need. 2. Would you like to mop the floor or the windows?你愿意拖地还是擦窗? 【拓展1】 Would you like…?句型= want to do sth= feel like doing sth 想要做某事 Would you like…?句型用于礼貌地询问对方的意愿,语气比want委婉。虽然是疑问句,但表示的是建议或请求,因此在表示“一些”时,常用some不用any。常用结构有: would like + n./pron.“想要某物”。如: Would you like some bread?你想要些面包吗? Would you like something to drink?你想喝点什么吗? would like to do sth.“想要做某事”。如: Would you like to go with me?你愿意和我一起去吗? would like sb. to do sth.“想要某人做某事”。如: Would you like him to do the work?你想要他做这项工作吗? 【拓展2】 一般疑问句句型“Would you like sth.?”的肯定回答:“Yes, please.”,否定回答:“No, thanks.”;“Would you like to do sth.?”的肯定回答:“Yes, I’d love to.”,否定回答:“I’d love to, but…或Sorry, I’m afraid not.”。如: —Would you like a cup of tea?你想喝杯茶吗? —Yes, please./No, thanks. 是的,来一杯。/不,谢谢。 —Would you like to eat out with me tonight?今晚和我一起外出吃饭好吗? —Yes, I’d love to./I’d love to, but I have no time.好呀,我很乐意。/我很想去,但我没有时间。 【拓展3】 常见提建议的句型还有如下几种: Would you like to do sth.?你想要做某事吗? Shall we do sth.?让我们做某事好吗? Let’s do sth.!让我们做某事吧! You’d better (not) do sth. 你最好(不要)做某事。 Would/Could you please (not) do sth.?请你(不要)做某事好吗? Would you mind doing sth.? 你介意做某事吗? Why not do sth.?/Why don’t you do sth.? 你为什么不做某事呢? What/How about?意为“……怎么样?” 其中about为介词,后跟名词、代词或动名词。 【习题】 【2026习题1】My name is Daniel. Today I would like (share) with you a special day of mine. 【2026习题2】They would like (spend) hours experiencing what they love, as long as it’s good. 【2026习题3】When you see someone who is sad, talk to them and tell them you would like(help). 【2026习题4】So, let’s (start) learning these skills now and practice them regularly. 3. I can't wait to show them our new house.我迫不及待要展示我的新家。 【拓展1】 wait作及物和不及物动词,意为“等待;盼望”。常用于下列固定搭配中: can't wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事 wait for sb. 等待某人 wait to do sth. 等待做某事 wait for sb. to do sth. 等待某人做某事 wait a minute/moment/second 等一下 —What are you doing here?你在这儿干什么? —I’m waiting for my father to pick me up. 我在等父亲来接我。 【习题】 【2026习题1】I can’t wait (start) our trip. 【2026习题2】I can’t wait for the (come) National Day in 2024! 【2026习题3】I kept taking photos and couldn’t wait(wait) every amazing landscape with my parents. 【2026习题4】But you don’t need to wait for them to come to your city, Vance often shares them on the Internet. 【拓展2】 be eager to do sth.渴望做某事 look forward to doing sth. 期望做某事 I’m eager to open my birthday present! 我渴望打开我的生日礼物! I’m looking forward to opening my birthday present!我期待着打开我的生日礼物! 【习题】 【2026习题】It’s a day (memory) the past, honor the present, and look forward to the future. 4. Can I put some flowers by the window? 【拓展1】 by用法:作为介词,有多种含义。 by the way(顺便说一下) by oneself(独自) by the time(到.…时候)。 【拓展2】 in 表示“用……的方式,用……语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)”等; with 表示“用……工具(具体有形的工具)”。 用法 含义 示例 by+v.-ing 通过……手段;以……的方式 They study by working in groups. by+交通工具 乘坐 They go to the park by subway. by+抽象名词 由于 (表原因) They met by chance. by+时间点 不迟于 Jerry will arrive at the class by 8:30. by+地点名词 在……旁;靠近 The doctor is standing by the door. by+物 表示抓到或触及到的部分 I take him by the hand. by+人 被某人……,常用于被动语态中 That umbrella is made by my mother. 【习题】 【2026习题1】We will leave our parents and need to face life’s challenges (挑战) by (we). 【2026习题2】For example, he prepared all the necessary things himself before we left. 【2026习题3】Tom and his dad love collecting old things, and they are always ready (turn) them into something new. They save lots of money by reusing the old things. 【2026习题4】Also, when Deng lived a poor life in the US, Yang helped him out by (give) him some money. 【2026习题5】He loved cold dishes so much that he started to make dishes by (he). 【2026习题6】Now it (use) by hundreds of thousands of people. 【2026习题7】After its invention, people started to write on paper to make a book. In those days, books were only produced one at a time hand. 5.I saw Grandpa and my little cousin standing in the cold wind waiting for us.我看到我的外公和我的小表妹站在冷风中等待我们。 【拓展1】 see作动词,意为“看见”。主要有两种用法: see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事(全过程)。注意:用于被动语态需还原不定式符号to, sb. be seen to do sth. 某人被看见做某事。 see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事。 【拓展2】 感官动词(如 see/watch/hear/find/notice/observe 等)后接宾语补足语时,有两种常见结构: see/watch/hear/find sb. doing sth.强调动作正在进行,动作持续性,译为“看见/听见某人正在做某事” I saw her dancing in the park.我看见她正在公园里跳舞。 We heard them laughing loudly in the next room.我们听见他们正在隔壁房间大声笑。 see/watch/hear/find sb. do sth.强调动作全过程,动作完成,译为“看见/听见某人做了某事”。 I saw her dance across the room我看见她跳着舞穿过房间。 She heard him sing a song.她听见他唱了一首歌。 【拓展】辨析watch, look, see与read 词汇 意义及用法 常见搭配 watch “注视;观看”,后多接电视、比赛、实验、表演等 watch TV/a game/match/movie look “看”,强调动作;单独使用“Look!”表示提醒。后接宾语时用“look at+宾语” look at the blackboard see “看见”,强调结果;也可译为“理解;明白” see sb. do/doing sth. see a film see a doctor read “读;阅读”,后多接报纸、杂志、书等 read a newspaper/ magazine/book 【习题】 【2026习题1】Along the road, I usually see some Chinese (sell) all kinds of traditional Chinese breakfast, such as baozi, dumplings and noodles. 【2026习题2】Do you find it difficult (sleep) well? 6. He was happy to hear I was doing well at school.他很高兴听到我在学校表现好。 【变形】 happiness n.幸福;快乐 【拓展1】 be happy to do高兴做 be excited to do sth. 做某事很激动/兴奋 【拓展2】 joyful adj. 高兴的;令人愉快的 to one’s joy 让某人高兴的是 Your arrival brings joy to us.您的到来让我们倍感欣喜。 Her smile is a sign of true happiness.她的微笑是真正幸福的标志。 I am so happy to see you again.我很高兴再次见到你。 We are excited to visit the museum tomorrow. 我们很期待明天去参观博物馆。 【习题】 【2026习题1】She now lives happily and feels (joyful) than before. 【2026习题2】It was a (tire) trip, but we were so happy! 7.Several days later when we were leaving, Grandma held my hands.几天过后当我们正准备离开时,外婆握住了我的手。 【变形】 leave v.动身;出发;离开;把……留下;剩下 n.假期,休假 leave left过去式/过去分词 【拓展】 leave sp. 离开某地 leave for sp.动身去某地(强调目的地) leave A for B 离开A地,前往B地 leave sb./sth. behind (at/in sp.)把某人/某物落下(留在某地) leave sb. alone = leave sb. by oneself撇下某人一个人;让某人独自待着 ask for + [时间段] + leave 请(多少天)假 She will leave Beijing tomorrow.她明天将离开北京。 He is leaving for Shanghai this afternoon.他今天下午动身去上海。 They left London for Paris last week.他们上周离开伦敦前往巴黎。 Don’t leave your bag behind in the classroom.别把书包落在教室里。 He left his keys behind at home.他把钥匙忘在家里了。 Please leave me alone for a while -I need to think.请让我一个人待会儿-我需要思考。 She left the child by himself in the room.她把孩子一个人留在房间里。 I need to ask for a two-week leave for my wedding.我需要请两周婚假。 He asked for three-day leave to visit his parents.他请了三天假去看望父母。 【习题】 【2026习题1】On National Day, we often dress up, leave home early with our family and join some (celebrate). 【2026习题2】As teenagers, we will grow up one day. We will (leave) our parents and need to face life’s challenges (挑战) by ourselves. 8.No matter how long I'm away, home is always glad to see me again.无论我离开多久,家里总是会很高兴再次见到我。 【变形】 matter v.要紧;有重大影响 n.问题;事情 【拓展】 What’s the matter (with sb./sth.)?怎么了? As a matter of fact 事实上;其实 sth./sb. matter to sb.某事/某人对某人来说很重要 It doesn’t matter.没关系。 No matter+疑问词 不论/无论/不管 Your opinion matters to me.你的意见对我很重要。 As a matter of fact, I have already finished the work.事实上,我已经完成了这项工作。 No matter who you are, you must follow the rules.无论你是谁,都必须遵守规则。 【习题】 【2026习题】For me, it (matter) a lot to find a good coffee shop. 【2026习题】No matter how hard it gets, my dream trip is (important) than snacks or toys.” 9.Grandma, my aunt, and my uncle were busy cooking dinner in the kitchen.奶奶、我的姑姑和我的叔叔正在厨房里忙着做晚饭。 【变形】 busy adj. 繁忙的,忙绿的 反义词:free/available空闲的 【拓展】 be busy with sth忙于某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Mom is busy with the housework every weekend.妈妈每个周末都忙着做家务。 They are busy preparing for the exam.他们正忙着备考。 【习题】 【2026习题1】It is important for us to take care of us, especially when we are busy work and study every day. 【2026习题2】My parents were so busy they couldn’t travel with me. 10.what words are used to describe people's feeling?用来描述人们的词语有哪些? 【变形】 use v.使用 n.使用;运用 useful adj.有用的 useless adj.无用的 【拓展】 used to, be used to doing, be used to do, be used for, be used as与be used by sb. used to do“某人过去常做某事(但现在不做了)”,是过去时态; sb. be/get(s) used to v ing“某人习惯于做某事”,通常是一般现在时; sth be used to “某物被用于做某事” sth be used for sth./doing sth .被用来……(表目的); sth be used as“作为……被使用”或“(被)用作……”,后面接名词,强调使用的工具及手段; sth be used by“由……使用”,后面接指人的名词或代词,强调使用者。 I used to collect stamps, but now I am used to drawing.我过去常常集邮,但现在我习惯画画。 Wood can be used to make paper.木材可以被用来造纸。 The knife is used to cut apples.=The knife is used for cutting apples. 小刀被用来切苹果。 A knife is used as a tool.小刀被用作一种工具。 The spoon is used for having soup.=The spoon is used to have soup.那把勺子是用来喝汤的。 【习题】 【2026习题1】Before Cangjie’s time, ancient people used to (feel) confused about many natural events. 【2026习题2】He hoped to use his own ability (help) people. 【2026习题3】He studied animal footprints (足迹) and mountain shapes and then he used (he) wisdom to create the earliest Chinese characters. 【2026习题4】“We can easily make old things (use) again!” His grandpa said. 11. Dad, can I hang out with my friends after lunch? 爸爸,午饭后我能和朋友们出去玩吗? 【拓展1】 hang out 闲逛,逗留。指和朋友一起放松、消磨时间,没有明确目的。 We often hang out at the park on weekends. 我们周末经常在公园闲逛。 Do you want to hang out at the mall after school? 放学后想去商场逛逛吗? 【变形】 hang-hung过去式 【拓展2】 hang up 挂断电话,结束通话;悬挂,挂起,把某物挂在钩子、架子等上。 hang on 稍等,别挂断(电话用语);紧紧抓住,坚持 hang over 悬挂在……上方,笼罩; hang about/around 无所事事地逗留,闲逛 She hung up before I could say goodbye. 我还没来得及说再见,她就挂了电话。 Hang up your coat in the closet. 把外套挂在衣柜里。 Hang on, I’ll get a pen. 稍等,我拿支笔。 Hang on to the rope! 抓紧绳子! She hung on through years of hardship. 她历经多年苦难仍坚持下来。 A lamp hangs over the table. 桌子上方挂着一盏灯。 The exam results hung over her like a cloud. 考试成绩如阴云般笼罩着她。 Stop hanging around and do your homework!别闲逛了,快去做作业! 【习题】 Let's (hang) out at the shopping center this Sunday. Why not (hang) out and (watch) a movie? He (hang) out with his best friend yesterday because it was his birthday. My sister usually (hang) out with her deskmate after school. 12. Sorry, Jim, you have to pack up your things first. 抱歉,吉姆,你得先把你的东西收拾好。 【变形】 package n.包裹 【拓展】 pack up 整理、打包物品了;引申义 “停止工作;结束(活动)”;非正式语境中,指因时间、条件等原因停止正在进行的事情。 It’s raining heavily—let’s pack up and go home.雨下得很大,咱们收工回家吧。 The party packed up at midnight. 聚会在午夜结束了。 【习题】 Don’t forget (pack) (you) schoolbag before you go to bed. We (pack) up our tent and went back home yesterday afternoon. He usually (pack) up his things and goes home at 6:00 every day. Let’s (pack) up these books and send them to the children in the village. 13. Remember to write “Jim’s bedroom” on each box! 记得在每个箱子上写上 “吉姆的卧室”! 【拓展1】 祈使句:是用来表达命令、请求、建议、警告、邀请或禁止等语气的句子,通常省略主语(听话人 “you”),以动词原形开头,句末用句号或感叹号。 Do your homework first. 先做你的作业。 【拓展2】 remember to do sth. 记得去做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 She remembered to buy milk on her way home. 她记得回家路上要买牛奶。 I remember seeing this movie before. 我记得以前看过这部电影。 【习题】 【2026习题】It can improve some of our abilities, such as learning and remembering (thing). 【2026习题】There’s another important thing you need (remember): Having some stress is normal. 14.In our community, everyone is friendly and always ready to give a hand. If you have any questions or need help, feel free to ask. 【变形】 free adj.自由的 freedom n.自由 【拓展】 feel free to do sth 随意做某事 give a hand 伸出援手;帮忙 give sb a hand = give a hand to sb 帮助某人 Feel free to ask me if you have any questions.如果你有任何问题,随时问我。 He gave a hand to the old lady crossing the street.他帮那位老奶奶过马路。 【习题】 【2026习题】It is (peace) and free from the hustle and bustle (熙熙攘攘) of big cities. 15. It was fun to decorate your room last month. 【变形】 fun adj.有趣的 funny adj.滑稽的,有趣的 【拓展1】 It is/was adj. to do sth. 做某事是……的 It’s interesting to feed the fish. 喂鱼很有趣。 【拓展2】decorate v.装饰;装潢 【变形】decoration n. 装饰品 常用复数形式, decoratewith 用装饰 I like the handmade decorations in this shop.我喜欢这家店里的手工装饰品。 【习题】 【2026习题1】They also decorate their homes beautiful red paper cuttings. 【2026习题2】The neighbors are glad because it is(use) for their lives. 16. Can you take care of them every day? 你能每天照顾它们吗? 【拓展】take的动词短语 take away 拿走,带走,减去 take down 取下,记下,拆除 take off 脱下(衣物),(飞机)起飞,匆匆离开,请假 take on 承担(工作 / 责任),呈现(外观 / 特征) take out 取出,带出去,(通过申请)获得 take up 开始从事(兴趣 / 活动),占据(时间 / 空间),继续 take over 接管,控制,接替 take in 吸收,理解,收留,欺骗 take turns (to do) 轮流做 Take away the empty plates, please. 请把空盘子拿走。 Can you take down the picture from the wall? 你能把墙上的画取下来吗? The plane will take off in 10 minutes. 飞机 10 分钟后起飞。 She took on too much work and got stressed. 她承担了太多工作,压力很大。 I need to take out a loan for my studies. 我需要为学业申请一笔贷款。 She took up painting when she retired. 她退休后开始学画画。 He will take over as manager next month. 他下个月将接任经理一职。 【习题】 【2026习题1】Parents and children take turns(choose) what movies to see. 【2026习题2】Some travelers worry that modern development takes away real spirit of the mountain. 【2026习题3】It is important for us to take care of (we), especially when we are busy with work and study every day. 17. Mum nodded, with tears in her eyes. 妈妈点点头,眼里含着泪水。 【拓展1】 with tears in her eyes 属于with的复合结构,也是独立主格结构。 【拓展2】 with 的独立主格结构常见形式 with + 名词 / 代词 + 介词短语 She came in, with a book in her hand. 她手里拿着一本书进来了。 The teacher stood there, with glasses on his nose.老师站在那里,鼻子上戴着眼镜。 with + 名词 / 代词 + 形容词 He slept, with the window open. 他开着窗户睡觉。 The boy went out, with his face red. 男孩脸红红的出去了。 with + 名词 / 代词 + doing/done The girl left, with tears falling down her face. 女孩离开了,泪水从她脸上滑落。 He sat there, with his hands crossed. 他坐在那里,双手交叉。 with + 名词 / 代词 + 不定式 I can’t go out, with so much work to do. 有这么多工作要做,我不能出去。 【习题】 1.With so much homework (do), I can’t go to the cinema with you. 2.With the weather (change) so quickly, it’s hard to choose what to wear. 3.With all the problems (solve), we finally felt relaxed. 4.The little boy slept with the light (burn) all night. 5.With his parents (support) him, he became more confident. 6.With the exam (come), students are studying harder than before. 7.She sat by the window with her eyes (fix) on the stars. 8.With a lot of work (finish), he had no time to rest. 9.With the teacher (explain) the question again, we understood it better. 10.With the door (lock), she realized she had left the key inside. RGrammar 1. 情态动词can的用法 1.can是情态动词,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态的变化,它的过去式为could,其后可直接接动词原形,其用法如下: 用法 例句 (1)表示能力,意为“能,会”。 Can you swim?你会游泳吗? Can you answer the question?你能回答这个问题吗? (2)表示许可,意为“可以”,相当于may(比may更口语化,may较正式)。此外,could也可以表示许可,语气更加委婉。 Can you help me?你能帮我吗? You may go home now.你现在可以回家了。 Could you help me find it?你能帮我找到它吗? (3)用于提出邀请。对其作肯定回答通常用“Sure./Of course./Certainly./Yes,I'd love (like) to.”等,作否定回答通常用“Sorry/No,I can't.”等。 —Can he come to my party?他能来参加我的宴会吗? —Yes.He'd love to.是的。他很乐意。 —Can you go to the baseball game?你能去看棒球比赛吗? —Sorry,I can't.对不起,我不能。 (4)用于否定句或疑问句中,表示推测。 Mr.Wang can't be at home.王老师不可能在家里。 2.can句式变化 【拓展】 在变否定句时,直接在后面加上“not”,写作can't或cannot。 I can speak French.我会讲法语。 I can't speak French.我不会讲法语。 在变一般疑问句时,can直接移到主语前(原主语的首字母改成小写,第一人称应变为第二人称)即可。 I can play the piano.我会弹钢琴。 Can you play the piano?你会弹钢琴吗? 其肯定回答可用yes,OK或certainly等;否定回答可用no或sorry等。如: —Can you look after my books,please?你能照看一下我的书吗?—OK.可以。 用certainly回答语气更为肯定。如: —Can I see your guitar?我能看看你的吉他吗?—Certainly.当然可以。 2.情态动词could的用法 一、情态动词could作为can的过去式时,表示过去的能力和可能性,其否定形式为could not,可缩写为couldn’t。 He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗了。 Judy couldn’t have enough money for a car. 朱迪不可能有足够的钱买汽车。 二、情态动词could可用于礼貌地提出要求或征询许可,此时并非can的过去式。 用法和句式 示例 提出请求: Could you please (not) do ? Could you please take the dog for a walk? 请你去遛遛狗好吗? 征询许可: Could I/we do ? Could I go out for dinner with my friends? 我能和朋友一起出去吃(晚)饭吗? 肯定回答常用语: Of course./Certainly./OK./Sure./No problem. 否定回答常用语: Sorry./Certainly not./I’m afraid I can’t./No, you can’t等.+说明理由 —Could you please clean the room? 请你打扫一下房间好吗? —Sure. 当然可以。 —Could you open the windows? 能打开窗户吗? —Sorry, but I have a cold. 抱歉,我感冒了。 【拓展】 对提出请求或征询许可的句型做否定回答时,通常以sorry或I’m sorry开头。 —Could you help me with my English now? 你现在能帮我学英语吗? —I’m sorry, but I have a football match ten minutes later. 抱歉,我十分钟后要参加场足球赛。 如果问句中使用could,回答时要用can或can’t,不能用could或couldn’t。 —Could I use your bike? 我能用一下你的自行车吗? —Sure, you can. 当然可以。 其他常见的表示委婉请求或征询许可的句型: Will/Would you please do ? 表示“请你做……好吗?” Would you mind (not) doing ? 表示“你介意(不)做……吗?” May I ? 表示“我可以……吗?” RComposition 本单元的话题是“甜蜜的家”,主要介绍了你可以为家庭做些什么、如何让家变得更舒适以及家的意义,与此相关的写作主要涉及以下几个方面: ①介绍自己的家庭,表达家对你的意义; ②描述一家人在某个传统节日的活动; ③向朋友介绍自己家的空间特征,礼貌地请求朋友帮助你装饰房间。 典例1: 假如你是文昌中学一名八年级的学生,上周末你们班开展了一次帮父母做家务(Helping Parents Do Housework)的活动。请你根据下面的要点提示,写一篇英语短文,叙述你上周做家务的过程及感受。要求不少于80词。开头已给出,不计入总词数。 要点提示:(1)做家务的起因; (2)做了哪些家务; (3)父母的反应以及个人的感受。 I am a Grade 8 student in Wenchang Middle School. Last week, our class held an activity called “Helping Parents Do Housework”. Everyone in my class took an active part in the activity. As for me, I did a lot of chores because my parents were away last Saturday morning. First, I swept the floor, cleaned all the rooms and took out the rubbish. Then, I made the bed and folded the clothes. Finally, I watered the flowers in our garden. After doing the chores, I was very tired but happy. When my parents came back and saw what I had done, they were pleased with me. From then on, I decided to help my parents do more housework in my spare time. 典例2: 在你校“劳动教育月”期间,校英语报发起了“A Helper at Home”主题征文活动,请结合自身情况,用英语写一篇短文投稿,谈谈你经常做的两项家务以及你的收获。 内容要点提示如下: 1)在家经常做的家务劳动: fold clothes wash the dishes look after pets take out the rubbish … 2)你做家务劳动后的收获: life skills (技能) take care of ourselves understand parents 要求: 1. 语句通顺、符合逻辑,可适当发挥。 2. 不少于80词。开头已给出,不计入总词数。 These days, here is a topic about doing housework. As the family member, we should take part in it to help our parents. I often help with housework at home. I usually fold clothes and take out the rubbish. I also enjoy looking after pets. I feed them and play with them. I often wash the dishes after dinner. When I am free, I like to help water flowers and grow some vegetables in the garden. I learn a lot from doing these chores. I learn some important life skills and I am able to take better care of myself. I also understand my parents more. They work hard every day and still manage to keep the house clean and comfortable. I am proud to help them with housework. 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 八上Unit 2 Home Sweet Home知识点 RWords 1. sort v.把...分类；整理 n.种类 【变形】 sorting n.分类 【拓展】 ★sort...into...把...分为... sort...from...把...从...中挑出来 sort out整理；挑出 ★a sort of一种 all sorts of各种各样的 ★rubbish sorting 垃圾分类 ◎Please sort these cards into two piles.请把这些卡片分成两堆。 ◎They are learning rubbish sorting.他们正在学习垃圾分类。 ◎Can you sort the red balls from the blue ones?你能把红球从蓝球里挑出来吗？ ◎I don't like that sort of game.我不喜欢那种游戏。 ◎When I got home, I found my desk was in a mess, so I decided to sort out my school things at once.回到家时，我发现书桌一团糟，于是决定立刻把学习用品整理好。 【习题】 【2026习题】Lastly, make sure to put things back in the right place after using them. This will help keep everything ___________(sort). sorted 2. invite v.邀请 【变形】 invitation n.邀请 【拓展】 ★invite sb. to + 地点 / 活动​邀请某人去某地/参加活动 invite sb. to do sth.​邀请某人做某事 ★accept / turn down an invitation​接受 / 拒绝邀请 send / give an invitation​发出邀请 ◎Mr. Li invited all the parents to the school open day.李老师邀请所有家长参加校园开放日。 ◎Our English teacher invited some foreign students to join us in the English corner.​我们英语老师邀请了几位外国学生和我们一起参加英语角。 ◎I got an invitation to Tom's graduation ceremony.​我收到汤姆毕业典礼的请柬。 ◎He sent out invitations to all his classmates before the party.派对前他给所有同学发了邀请函。 ◎I was happy to accept her invitation, because I like painting exhibitions.我很高兴接受了她的邀请，因为我喜欢画展。 ◎I had to turn down the invitation because I was busy preparing for the exam.我不得不拒绝这次邀请，因为我正忙着备考。 【习题】 【2026习题1】So I decided to invite my friend Ben ___________(join) me. to join 【2026习题2】My parents ___________(invite) them secretly (秘密地). We all gathered (聚集) in the living room, and there were many gifts waiting for me. invited 【2026习题3】Wan invited some Michelin inspectors(检察员) ___________(visit) the restaurant and rate(评级) it. to visit 【2026习题4】When you receive an ___________(invite) from others, please make sure if there is an RSVP on it. invitation 3. arrival n.到达 【变形】 arrive v.到达 【拓展】⚠️ arrive 不能直接加地点名词，必须加 in / at 结构 含义 例句 arrive in + 大地方（城市/国家）​ 到达（大城市/国家） We arrived in Beijing yesterday. arrive at + 小地方（学校/车站/机场）​ 到达（小地点） He arrived at the bus stop early. arrive on time​ 准时到达 Please arrive on time tomorrow. ◎We arrived in London last night.我们昨晚抵达伦敦。 ◎She arrived at the library just before it closed.她在图书馆关门之前赶到了。 ◎The arrival of spring makes everyone feel happy.春天的到来让每个人都感到开心。 ◎On arrival at the hotel, we checked in immediately.一到酒店我们就办理了入住。 ◎After a long journey, we finally arrived at the small village, and the villagers gave us a warm welcome on our arrival.经过长途旅行，我们终于到达那个小村庄，村民们在我们到达时热情地欢迎了我们。 【习题】 【2026习题1】The moment we ___________(arrive), we were surprised by the green trees and beautiful sights in Changsha. arrived 【2026习题2】___________ (final), the competition day arrived. Finally 【2026习题3】Oliver also arrived in the forest ___________ (secret). secretly 【2026习题4】At last, we arrived___________ our destination（目的地）by a waterfall. at 【2026习题5】So after one year, he arrived___________China alone and became a student of Beijing Opera at a Beijing school. in 4. add v.添加；加 【变形】 addition n.增加物，新增人员；增加；加法； additional​adj.额外的 added​adj.增加的 【拓展】 ★add A to B​把 A 加到 B 里 add up​把……加起来 add up to + 数字​总计达…… add that …​补充说…… ★in addition​此外（= besides / what's more） ◎Remember to add some milk to your tea.记得往茶里加点牛奶。 ◎The teacher asked us to add two new words to our notebook.老师让我们在笔记本里再加两个新单词。 ◎Please add up these figures for me.请帮我把这些数字加起来。 ◎The money I spent on books adds up to 500 yuan this month.本月我花在书上的钱总计500元。 ◎In addition to math, I also like physics and chemistry.除了数学，我还喜欢物理和化学。 ◎The school has built a new lab, and in addition, it has added many modern machines to help students learn better.学校建了一间新实验室，此外还增加了许多现代化设备，帮助学生更好地学习。 【习题】 【2026习题1】Tom loves adding new life ________ old things. to 【2026习题2】All these points add up ________the traditional Chinese diet being a healthy one. to 【2026习题3】Themes of marathons add fun and meanings________ the hard miles. to 5. borrow v.借入 【变形】 lend 借出 lend-lent-lent 单词 含义 用法 borrow 借；借入 （主语借进） borrow sth. from sb. “向某人借某物” lend 借给；借出 （主语借出） lend sb. sth. “借某物给某人” = lend sth. to sb. “把某物借给某人” keep 保存；保留 延续动词，表示借用的时间长度，与for +一段时间及how long连用（指借一段时间） 【拓展】 ★borrow sth. from sb. / from + 地方​向某人/某处借某物 ★lend sth to sb.把某物借给某人 lend sb. sth.​借给某人某物 lend a hand​帮忙 ◎He borrowed my umbrella and forgot to return it.他借走了我的伞却忘了还。 ◎I borrowed The Little Prince from the school library yesterday.我昨天从图书馆借了《小王子》。 ◎You can borrow magazines from the reading room, but you can't take them out.你可以从阅览室借杂志看，但不能带出去。 ◎She lent her dictionary to me, and I returned it this morning.她把字典借给我，我早上还了。 【习题】 【2026习题1】When your teacher gives you too much homework, when your team loses an important game, when a friend ____________(borrow) your favorite thing and then breaks it, you may get really angry. borrows 【2026习题2】Paul tried to borrow money ____________a bank from 【2026习题3】So they used their credit cards (信用卡) and bought as much computer memory as possible. They also____________(borrow) money from family and friends. borrowed 【2026习题4】He kept working hard to lend ________ hand with the development (发展) of Chinese science and education. a 6. until prep.到...时；直到...为止 【拓展】 not...until...直到...才... ◎I didn't go to bed until my mother came back.​直到妈妈回来，我才去睡觉。 ◎He didn't leave until the rain stopped.​雨停了他才离开。 ◎The baby didn't stop crying until she saw her mom.​宝宝看到妈妈才停止哭闹。 【习题】 【2026习题1】So, Tom and his dad collect old chairs, tables, and toys from the street or their friends. They fix them up (修理) and paint them. They work on them ________ each thing looks new. until 【2026习题2】People won’t change their New Year paintings ________ the next year. until 【2026习题3】Every time we went to a restaurant, she would not eat anything ________ all the dishes were on the table. until 【2026习题4】Chinese New Year starts with the New Moon on the first day of the new year and it doesn’t end _______ the moon is the brightest 15 days later. until 7. dead adj.不运行的；死的 【变形】 die​v.死；枯死瞬间动词，不与时间段连用​ died​v.过去式 / 过去分词 dead​adj.死的；去世的 death​n.死亡 dying​adj.垂死的；即将消亡的也可作 die 的现在分词 【拓展】 ★die of + 内因（疾病/饥饿/年老）​死于…… die from + 外因（事故/伤口）​死于…… die out​灭绝；逐渐消失 ★a dead tree枯树 ★be dying for sth. / to do sth.​极度渴望 ◎The old man died peacefully last winter.那位老人去年冬天安详离世。 ◎His grandfather died of a heart attack.他爷爷死于心脏病。 ◎The plant has been dead since last month.那株植物从上月起就枯死了。 ◎They found a dying bird under the tree.他们在树下发现一只奄奄一息的小鸟。 【习题】 【2026习题1】What’s more, they are less likely_______________(die) of illnesses like heart problems. to die 【2026习题2】Hong Kong actor Wu Mengda _______________(die) of cancer on Saturday at the age of 70. His friend told media that he was peaceful. died 【2026习题3】The news of Wu's______________(die) has made the headlines. death 【2026习题4】she found her uncle_______________(die) and saw her arms broken. dead 8.decorate v.装饰；装潢 【变形】 decoration​n.装饰；装饰品 decorative​adj.装饰性的 【拓展】 ★decorate ... with ...​用……装饰…… be decorated with ...​被……装饰着 ★decorate the house / room / street​ 装饰房屋/房间/街道 decorate with flowers / lanterns / balloons​ 用花/灯笼/气球装饰 ◎We decorated the classroom with colorful paper and balloons.我们用彩纸和气球装饰了教室。 ◎Mom likes to decorate the cake with fresh fruit.妈妈喜欢用新鲜水果装饰蛋糕。 ◎During the Spring Festival, the streets are decorated with red lanterns.春节街上挂满红灯笼。 ◎The Christmas tree was decorated with shiny stars.圣诞树上装饰着闪亮的星星。 【习题】 【2026习题1】They also decorate their homes______________beautiful red paper cuttings. with 【2026习题2】Lanterns are used______________(decorate) homes and public places and have become a symbol of national pride in China. to decorate 9.cover v.遮盖；包括 n.遮盖物；封皮 【变形】 discover​v.发现（dis‑ 去掉 cover 遮盖 → 揭开） uncover​v.揭开；掀开 【拓展】 ★cover ... with ...​用……盖住…… be covered with / by ...​被……覆盖着（被动常考） ★cover an area of ...​占地……面积 ★cover + 距离 / 费用 / topic​走完（路程）；支付；涉及（话题） ◎Please cover the food with a clean cloth.请用干净布把食物盖住。 ◎She covered her face with her hands in shame.她羞愧地用手捂住了脸。 ◎The mountain is covered with white clouds in the morning.早晨这座山云雾缭绕。 ◎After the storm, the yard was covered with fallen leaves.暴风雨过后，院子里满是落叶。 【习题】 【2026习题1】So, Cao Cao told his soldiers to shoot arrows at the boats. Soon, all the straw men ______________(cover) with arrows. were covered 【2026习题2】The resort covers _______ area of more than 318,000 square meters in Jinshan District. an 【2026习题3】In ancient times, the emperors of ancient China loved dragons and their clothes _____________ (cover) with pictures of dragons. were covered 10. end n.末端；尽头；目的 v.结束 【变形】 ending n.结尾 endless adj.无止境的 endlessly adv.无止境地 【拓展】 ★at the end of sth.在…的尽头/末尾（可接地点、时间或事物） by the end of到…结束时（常与完成时连用） in the end最终，最后 ★bring … to an end​使……结束 come to an end​结束（较正式） ★end up (with / doing / in) 以……告终 ◎If you don't study, you'll end up failing the exam.如果你不学习，你最终会考试不及格。 ◎There is a mailbox at the end of the street.街道尽头有一个邮箱。 ◎The term will come to an end next week.学期将于下周结束。 ◎By the end of last term, we had learned 2,000 English words.到上学期末为止，我们已经学了 2,000 个英语单词。 【习题】 【2026习题】However, after experiencing a storm, he _____________(end) up on a deserted island(荒岛). ended 11.choose v.选择；挑选 【变形】 choose-chose-chosen choice n.选择 【拓展】 ★choose to do sth.选择做某事 be chosen to do sth. choose...from...从...中选择... ★make a choice做 出选择 have no choice but to do sth.别无选择只能做某事 ◎Many students choose to get further education at home instead of going abroad. 许多学生选择在国内接受进一步教育，而不是出国。 ◎He had no choice but to depend on himself at that moment.当时他别无选择，只能依靠自己。 【习题】 【2026习题1】It was not easy____________ (choose) the perfect songs. to choose 【2026习题2】You can choose what you feel like ____________ (do), and you can make new friends easily. doing 【2026习题3】Because it was the first time for us to travel without parents, we wanted ____________ (choose) a wonderful place to go to. to choose 【2026习题4】On the first floor of the restaurant, you can choose____________ popular tastes of ice cream. from 12.share v.分享；分担／共用 n.一份；可接受的一份 【变形】 share→shared(过去式/过去分词)→sharing(现在分词) 【拓展】 ★share sth. with sb将某物分享给某人 ◎I shared my umbrella with her when it rained.下雨时我把伞借给她一起用／分她一起打。 ◎We share a bathroom in this apartment.我们在这套公寓里共用一间浴室。 ◎They shared the cost of the dinner.他们平摊了这顿饭钱。 【习题】 【2026习题1】I kept taking photos and couldn’t wait ____________(share) every amazing landscape with my parents. to share 【2026习题2】When we have a box of delicious cookies, we share them ____________our family members. with 【2026习题3】It’s a time____________(share) interesting stories about your day. to share 【2026习题4】Li Ziqi, the popular video maker who shows us how people lived in old Chinese villages, returned(回归) after a long break on November 12, 2024. She____________(share) a new video about lacquerware(漆器), a traditional Chinese art form. shared 【2026习题5】In general, we expect more and more Chinese young people ___________(share) our traditional culture and history with others. to share 13. glue n.胶水 / v. 粘贴 【拓展】 ★glue A to/onto B 把A贴在B上 glue A and B together 把A和B粘在一起 ◎—Could you help me buy a tube of glue? 你能帮我买一管胶水吗？—No problem. 没问题。 ◎She glued the label onto the box. 她把标签贴在箱子上。 ◎First, glue two pieces of paper together. 首先，把两张纸粘在一起。 【习题】 选用 to / onto / together填空。 You need to glue the photo ______ the application form. Glue these two pieces of wood ___________. She carefully glued the stamp ______ the corner of the envelope. to​ together​onto​ 8. hope v.希望 n.希望；期盼的东西，盼望的事； 【变形】 hopeful adj.有希望的 hopeless adj.无望的 【拓展】 ★hope to do sth 希望做某事 hope + (that) 从句 希望…… ◎We hope you’ll feel at home here. 我们希望你在这里有宾至如归的感觉。 ◎We hope (that) you will pass the exam.我们希望你通过考试。 【习题】 【2026习题1】By eating taro, they hope ____________(have) another good harvest next year. to have 【2026习题2】With different forms of celebration, people everywhere share the same warm and ____________(hope) spirit as they step into a new year. hopeful 【2026习题3】They also give them to friends as gifts. Everyone ________ (hope) that good things ______________(happen) in the future. hopes will happen RSentences 1. Can/Could you please water the plants? 请你给植物浇水好吗？ -Sure./Sorry,I have to clean the bathroom now.当然可以。/对不起，我现在得打扫浴室。 【拓展1】 重点：“Could you please ...?”表示“请你……好吗？”，后接动词 原形 ，否定形式为 Could you please not do...? 。其中could表示委婉语气，不表示过去时态。 其答语如下： 肯定回答，如Yes, sure./Sure./Certainly./OK./No problem.等； 否定回答，如Sorry, I can’t./Sorry, I’m afraid not. Because ...等。 ◎—Could you please pass me the spoon? 请你把勺子递给我好吗？ —Sure. Here you are. 当然可以，给你。 ◎Could you please not play computer games? 请你不要玩电脑游戏了好吗？ 【拓展2】 have to表示不得不，相当于must后接动词 原形 【习题】 【2026习题1】I think David can______________(bring) his phone to school, but I have to keep it for him. bring 【2026习题2】And anyone in the area can______________(contribute) or take what they need. contribute 2. Would you like to mop the floor or the windows?你愿意拖地还是擦窗？ 【拓展1】 Would you like…？句型= want to do sth= feel like doing sth 想要做某事 Would you like…？句型用于礼貌地询问对方的意愿，语气比want委婉。虽然是疑问句，但表示的是建议或请求，因此在表示“一些”时，常用some不用any。常用结构有： ★would like ＋ n．/pron.“想要某物”。如： ◎Would you like some bread？你想要些面包吗？ ◎Would you like something to drink？你想喝点什么吗？ ★would like to do sth.“想要做某事”。如： ◎Would you like to go with me？你愿意和我一起去吗？ ★would like sb. to do sth.“想要某人做某事”。如： ◎Would you like him to do the work？你想要他做这项工作吗？ 【拓展2】 一般疑问句句型“Would you like sth.？”的肯定回答：“Yes, please.”，否定回答：“No, thanks.”；“Would you like to do sth.？”的肯定回答：“Yes, I’d love to.”，否定回答：“I’d love to, but…或Sorry, I’m afraid not.”。如： ◎—Would you like a cup of tea？你想喝杯茶吗？ —Yes, please./No, thanks. 是的，来一杯。/不，谢谢。 ◎—Would you like to eat out with me tonight？今晚和我一起外出吃饭好吗？ —Yes, I’d love to./I’d love to, but I have no time.好呀，我很乐意。/我很想去，但我没有时间。 【拓展3】 常见提建议的句型还有如下几种： ★Would you like to do sth.？你想要做某事吗？ ★Shall we do sth.？让我们做某事好吗？ ★Let’s do sth.！让我们做某事吧！ ★You’d better (not) do sth. 你最好（不要）做某事。 ★Would/Could you please (not) do sth.？请你（不要）做某事好吗？ ★Would you mind doing sth.？ 你介意做某事吗？ ★Why not do sth.？/Why don’t you do sth.？ 你为什么不做某事呢？ ★What/How about...？意为“……怎么样？” 其中about为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词。 【习题】 【2026习题1】My name is Daniel. Today I would like______________ (share) with you a special day of mine. to share 【2026习题2】They would like ______________ (spend) hours experiencing what they love, as long as it’s good. to spend 【2026习题3】When you see someone who is sad, talk to them and tell them you would like ______________(help). to help 【2026习题4】So, let’s __________(start) learning these skills now and practice them regularly. start 3. I can't wait to show them our new house.我迫不及待要展示我的新家。 【拓展1】 wait作及物和不及物动词，意为“等待；盼望”。常用于下列固定搭配中： ★can't wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事 wait for sb.　等待某人 wait to do sth.　等待做某事 wait for sb. to do sth.　等待某人做某事 wait a minute/moment/second　等一下 ◎—What are you doing here？你在这儿干什么？ —I’m waiting for my father to pick me up. 我在等父亲来接我。 【习题】 【2026习题1】I can’t wait ______________ (start) our trip. to start 【2026习题2】I can’t wait for the ______________ (come) National Day in 2024! coming 【2026习题3】I kept taking photos and couldn’t wait______________(wait) every amazing landscape with my parents. to share 【2026习题4】But you don’t need to wait for them to come to your city, ____________ Vance often shares them on the Internet. because 【拓展2】 ★be eager to do sth.渴望做某事 look forward to doing sth. 期望做某事 ◎I’m eager to open my birthday present! 我渴望打开我的生日礼物！ ◎I’m looking forward to opening my birthday present!我期待着打开我的生日礼物！ 【习题】 【2026习题】It’s a day _______________ (memory) the past, honor the present, and look forward to the future. to memorize 4. Can I put some flowers by the window? 【拓展1】 by用法：作为介词，有多种含义。 by the way（顺便说一下） by oneself（独自） by the time（到.…...时候）。 【拓展2】 in 表示“用……的方式，用……语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)”等； with 表示“用……工具(具体有形的工具)”。 用法 含义 示例 by＋v.-ing 通过……手段；以……的方式  They study by working in groups. by＋交通工具 乘坐 They go to the park by subway. by＋抽象名词 由于 (表原因) They met by chance. by＋时间点 不迟于 Jerry will arrive at the class by 8:30.  by＋地点名词 在……旁；靠近 The doctor is standing by the door. by＋物 表示抓到或触及到的部分  I take him by the hand. by＋人 被某人……，常用于被动语态中 That umbrella is made by my mother. 【习题】 【2026习题1】We will leave our parents and need to face life’s challenges (挑战) by _____________(we). ourselves 【2026习题2】For example, he prepared all the necessary things ____________ himself before we left. by 【2026习题3】Tom and his dad love collecting old things, and they are always ready ____________ (turn) them into something new. They save lots of money by reusing the old things. to turn 【2026习题4】Also, when Deng lived a poor life in the US, Yang helped him out by ____________ (give) him some money. giving 【2026习题5】He loved cold dishes so much that he started to make dishes by ____________(he). himself 【2026习题6】Now it ____________ (use) by hundreds of thousands of people. is being used 【2026习题7】After its invention, people started to write on paper to make a book. In those days, books were only produced one at a time _______ hand. by 5.I saw Grandpa and my little cousin standing in the cold wind waiting for us.我看到我的外公和我的小表妹站在冷风中等待我们。 【拓展1】 see作动词，意为“看见”。主要有两种用法： ★see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事（全过程）。注意：用于被动语态需还原不定式符号to，★sb. be seen to do sth. 某人被看见做某事。 ★see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事。 【拓展2】 感官动词（如 see/watch/hear/find/notice/observe 等）后接宾语补足语时，有两种常见结构： ★see/watch/hear/find sb. doing sth.强调动作正在进行，动作持续性，译为“看见/听见某人正在做某事” ◎I saw her dancing in the park.我看见她正在公园里跳舞。 ◎We heard them laughing loudly in the next room.我们听见他们正在隔壁房间大声笑。 ★see/watch/hear/find sb. do sth.强调动作全过程，动作完成，译为“看见/听见某人做了某事”。 ◎I saw her dance across the room我看见她跳着舞穿过房间。 ◎She heard him sing a song.她听见他唱了一首歌。 【拓展】辨析watch， look， see与read 词汇 意义及用法 常见搭配 watch “注视；观看”，后多接电视、比赛、实验、表演等 watch TV/a game/match/movie look “看”，强调动作；单独使用“Look！”表示提醒。后接宾语时用“look at＋宾语” look at the blackboard see “看见”，强调结果；也可译为“理解；明白” see sb. do/doing sth. see a film see a doctor read “读；阅读”，后多接报纸、杂志、书等 read a newspaper/ magazine/book 【习题】 【2026习题1】Along the road, I usually see some Chinese____________ (sell) all kinds of traditional Chinese breakfast, such as baozi, dumplings and noodles. selling 【2026习题2】Do you find it difficult ____________(sleep) well? to sleep 6. He was happy to hear I was doing well at school.他很高兴听到我在学校表现好。 【变形】 happiness n.幸福；快乐 【拓展1】 ★be happy to do高兴做..... be excited to do sth. 做某事很激动/兴奋 【拓展2】 ★joyful adj. 高兴的；令人愉快的 ★to one’s joy 让某人高兴的是 ◎Your arrival brings joy to us.您的到来让我们倍感欣喜。 ◎Her smile is a sign of true happiness.她的微笑是真正幸福的标志。 ◎I am so happy to see you again.我很高兴再次见到你。 ◎We are excited to visit the museum tomorrow.​我们很期待明天去参观博物馆。 【习题】 【2026习题1】She now lives happily and feels ____________ (joyful) than before. more joyful 【2026习题2】It was a ____________ (tire) trip, but we were so happy! tiring 7.Several days later when we were leaving, Grandma held my hands.几天过后当我们正准备离开时，外婆握住了我的手。 【变形】 leave v.动身；出发；离开；把……留下；剩下 n.假期，休假 leave→left过去式/过去分词 【拓展】 ★leave sp.​离开某地​ leave for sp.动身去某地（强调目的地） leave A for B​离开A地，前往B地​ leave sb./sth. behind (at/in sp.)把某人/某物落下（留在某地）​ leave sb. alone = leave sb. by oneself撇下某人一个人；让某人独自待着​ ★ask for + [时间段] + leave​→ 请（多少天）假​ ◎She will leave Beijing tomorrow.她明天将离开北京。 ◎He is leaving for Shanghai this afternoon.他今天下午动身去上海。 ◎They left London for Paris last week.他们上周离开伦敦前往巴黎。 ◎Don’t leave your bag behind in the classroom.别把书包落在教室里。 ◎He left his keys behind at home.他把钥匙忘在家里了。 ◎Please leave me alone for a while ---I need to think.请让我一个人待会儿---我需要思考。 ◎She left the child by himself in the room.她把孩子一个人留在房间里。 ◎I need to ask for a two-week leave for my wedding.我需要请两周婚假。 ◎He asked for three-day leave to visit his parents.他请了三天假去看望父母。 【习题】 【2026习题1】On National Day, we often dress up, leave home early with our family and join some_______________ (celebrate). celebrations 【2026习题2】As teenagers, we will grow up one day. We will _______________(leave) our parents and need to face life’s challenges (挑战) by ourselves. leave 8.No matter how long I'm away, home is always glad to see me again.无论我离开多久，家里总是会很高兴再次见到我。 【变形】 matter v.要紧；有重大影响 n.问题；事情 【拓展】 ★What’s the matter (with sb./sth.)?怎么了？ As a matter of fact 事实上；其实 ★sth./sb. matter to sb.某事/某人对某人来说很重要 It doesn’t matter.没关系。 ★No matter+疑问词 不论/无论/不管... ◎Your opinion matters to me.你的意见对我很重要。 ◎As a matter of fact, I have already finished the work.事实上，我已经完成了这项工作。 ◎No matter who you are, you must follow the rules.无论你是谁，都必须遵守规则。 【习题】 【2026习题1】For me, it ______________(matter) a lot to find a good coffee shop. matters 【2026习题2】No matter how hard it gets, my dream trip is ___________________ (important) than snacks or toys.” more important 9.Grandma, my aunt, and my uncle were busy cooking dinner in the kitchen.奶奶、我的姑姑和我的叔叔正在厨房里忙着做晚饭。 【变形】 busy adj. 繁忙的，忙绿的 反义词：free/available空闲的 【拓展】 ★be busy with sth忙于某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 ◎Mom is busy with the housework every weekend.妈妈每个周末都忙着做家务。 ◎They are busy preparing for the exam.他们正忙着备考。 【习题】 【2026习题1】It is important for us to take care of us, especially when we are busy _______________work and study every day. with 【2026习题2】My parents were so busy _______________ they couldn’t travel with me. that 10.what words are used to describe people's feeling?用来描述人们的词语有哪些? 【变形】 use v.使用 n.使用；运用 useful adj.有用的 useless adj.无用的 【拓展】 used to, be used to doing, be used to do, be used for, be used as与be used by ★sb. used to do“某人过去常做某事(但现在不做了)”，是过去时态； ★sb. be/get(s) used to v­ing“某人习惯于做某事”，通常是一般现在时； ★sth be used to “某物被用于做某事” sth be used for sth./doing sth .被用来……(表目的)； sth be used as“作为……被使用”或“(被)用作……”，后面接名词，强调使用的工具及手段； sth be used by“由……使用”，后面接指人的名词或代词，强调使用者。 ◎I used to collect stamps, but now I am used to drawing.我过去常常集邮，但现在我习惯画画。 ◎Wood can be used to make paper.木材可以被用来造纸。 ◎The knife is used to cut apples.＝The knife is used for cutting apples. 小刀被用来切苹果。 ◎A knife is used as a tool.小刀被用作一种工具。 ◎The spoon is used for having soup.＝The spoon is used to have soup.那把勺子是用来喝汤的。 【习题】 【2026习题1】Before Cangjie’s time, ancient people used to ____________(feel) confused about many natural events. feel 【2026习题2】He hoped to use his own ability ____________ (help) people. to help 【2026习题3】He studied animal footprints (足迹) and mountain shapes and then he used ___________ (he) wisdom to create the earliest Chinese characters. his 【2026习题4】“We can easily make old things ___________(use) again!” His grandpa said. useful 11. Dad, can I hang out with my friends after lunch? 爸爸，午饭后我能和朋友们出去玩吗？ 【拓展1】 ★hang out 闲逛，逗留。指和朋友一起放松、消磨时间，没有明确目的。 ◎We often hang out at the park on weekends. 我们周末经常在公园闲逛。 ◎Do you want to hang out at the mall after school? 放学后想去商场逛逛吗？ 【变形】 hang-hung过去式 【拓展2】 ★hang up 挂断电话，结束通话；悬挂，挂起，把某物挂在钩子、架子等上。 ★hang on 稍等，别挂断（电话用语）；紧紧抓住，坚持 ★hang over 悬挂在……上方，笼罩； ★hang about/around 无所事事地逗留，闲逛 ◎She hung up before I could say goodbye. 我还没来得及说再见，她就挂了电话。 ◎Hang up your coat in the closet. 把外套挂在衣柜里。 ◎Hang on, I’ll get a pen. 稍等，我拿支笔。 ◎Hang on to the rope! 抓紧绳子！ ◎She hung on through years of hardship. 她历经多年苦难仍坚持下来。 ◎A lamp hangs over the table. 桌子上方挂着一盏灯。 ◎The exam results hung over her like a cloud. 考试成绩如阴云般笼罩着她。 ◎Stop hanging around and do your homework!别闲逛了，快去做作业！ 【习题】 Let's ________ (hang) out at the shopping center this Sunday. hang​ Why not ________ (hang) out and ________ (watch) a movie? hang; watch He ________ (hang) out with his best friend yesterday because it was his birthday. hung My sister usually ________ (hang) out with her deskmate after school. hangs​ 12. Sorry, Jim, you have to pack up your things first. 抱歉，吉姆，你得先把你的东西收拾好。 【变形】 package n.包裹 【拓展】 ★pack up 整理、打包物品了；引申义 “停止工作；结束（活动）”；非正式语境中，指因时间、条件等原因停止正在进行的事情。 ◎It’s raining heavily—let’s pack up and go home.雨下得很大，咱们收工回家吧。 ◎The party packed up at midnight. 聚会在午夜结束了。 【习题】 Don’t forget ___________ (pack) ________ (you) schoolbag before you go to bed. to pack; your We ________ (pack) up our tent and went back home yesterday afternoon. packed He usually ________ (pack) up his things and goes home at 6:00 every day. packs Let’s ________ (pack) up these books and send them to the children in the village. pack 13. Remember to write “Jim’s bedroom” on each box! 记得在每个箱子上写上 “吉姆的卧室”！ 【拓展1】 祈使句：是用来表达命令、请求、建议、警告、邀请或禁止等语气的句子，通常省略主语（听话人 “you”），以动词原形开头，句末用句号或感叹号。 ◎Do your homework first. 先做你的作业。 【拓展2】 ★remember to do sth. 记得去做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做过了某事 ◎She remembered to buy milk on her way home. 她记得回家路上要买牛奶。 ◎I remember seeing this movie before. 我记得以前看过这部电影。 【习题】 【2026习题1】It can improve some of our abilities, such as learning and remembering ___________ (thing). things 【2026习题2】There’s another important thing you need________________ (remember): Having some stress is normal. to remember 14.In our community, everyone is friendly and always ready to give a hand. If you have any questions or need help, feel free to ask. 【变形】 free adj.自由的 freedom n.自由 【拓展】 ★feel free to do sth 随意做某事 ★give a hand 伸出援手；帮忙 give sb a hand = give a hand to sb 帮助某人 ◎Feel free to ask me if you have any questions.如果你有任何问题，随时问我。 ◎He gave a hand to the old lady crossing the street.他帮那位老奶奶过马路。 【习题】 【2026习题】It is____________ (peace) and free from the hustle and bustle (熙熙攘攘) of big cities. peaceful 15. It was fun to decorate your room last month. 【变形】 fun adj.有趣的 funny adj.滑稽的，有趣的 【拓展1】 ★It is/was adj. to do sth. 做某事是……的 ◎It’s interesting to feed the fish. 喂鱼很有趣。 【拓展2】decorate v.装饰；装潢 【变形】decoration n. 装饰品 常用复数形式, ★decorate...with... 用......装饰...... ◎I like the handmade decorations in this shop.我喜欢这家店里的手工装饰品。 ◎I like the handmade decorations in this shop.我喜欢这家店里的手工装饰品。 【习题】 【2026习题1】They also decorate their homes ____________beautiful red paper cuttings. with 【2026习题2】The neighbors are glad because it is__________(use) for their lives. useful 16. Can you take care of them every day? 你能每天照顾它们吗？ 【拓展】take的动词短语 take away 拿走，带走，减去 take down 取下，记下，拆除 take off 脱下（衣物），（飞机）起飞，匆匆离开，请假 take on 承担（工作 / 责任），呈现（外观 / 特征） take out 取出，带出去，（通过申请）获得 take up 开始从事（兴趣 / 活动），占据（时间 / 空间），继续 take over 接管，控制，接替 take in 吸收，理解，收留，欺骗 take turns (to do) 轮流做... ◎Take away the empty plates, please. 请把空盘子拿走。 ◎Can you take down the picture from the wall? 你能把墙上的画取下来吗？ ◎The plane will take off in 10 minutes. 飞机 10 分钟后起飞。 ◎She took on too much work and got stressed. 她承担了太多工作，压力很大。 ◎I need to take out a loan for my studies. 我需要为学业申请一笔贷款。 ◎She took up painting when she retired. 她退休后开始学画画。 ◎He will take over as manager next month. 他下个月将接任经理一职。 【习题】 【2026习题1】Parents and children take turns____________(choose) what movies to see. to choose 【2026习题2】Some travelers worry that modern development takes away________ real spirit of the mountain. the 【2026习题3】It is important for us to take care of ___________ (we), especially when we are busy with work and study every day. ourselves 17. Mum nodded, with tears in her eyes. 妈妈点点头，眼里含着泪水。 【拓展1】 with tears in her eyes 属于with的复合结构，也是独立主格结构。 【拓展2】 with 的独立主格结构常见形式 ★with + 名词 / 代词 + 介词短语 ◎She came in, with a book in her hand. 她手里拿着一本书进来了。 ◎The teacher stood there, with glasses on his nose.老师站在那里，鼻子上戴着眼镜。 ★with + 名词 / 代词 + 形容词 ◎He slept, with the window open. 他开着窗户睡觉。 ◎The boy went out, with his face red. 男孩脸红红的出去了。 ★with + 名词 / 代词 + doing/done ◎The girl left, with tears falling down her face. 女孩离开了，泪水从她脸上滑落。 ◎He sat there, with his hands crossed. 他坐在那里，双手交叉。 ★with + 名词 / 代词 + 不定式 ◎I can’t go out, with so much work to do. 有这么多工作要做，我不能出去。 【习题】 1.With so much homework ________ (do), I can’t go to the cinema with you. 2.With the weather ________ (change) so quickly, it’s hard to choose what to wear. 3.With all the problems ________ (solve), we finally felt relaxed. 4.The little boy slept with the light ________ (burn) all night. 5.With his parents ________ (support) him, he became more confident. 6.With the exam ________ (come), students are studying harder than before. 7.She sat by the window with her eyes ________ (fix) on the stars. 8.With a lot of work ________ (finish), he had no time to rest. 9.With the teacher ________ (explain) the question again, we understood it better. 10.With the door ________ (lock), she realized she had left the key inside. 参考答案 to do   （动作尚未发生） changing （天气自己变化，主动） solved   （问题是被解决的，被动） burning  （灯一直亮着，主动进行） supporting（父母主动支持） coming   （考试即将到来，主动） fixed   （目光被固定在星星上，被动） to finish  （工作还没做完） explaining （老师主动讲解） locked   （门被锁上，被动） RGrammar 1. 情态动词can的用法 1．can是情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态的变化，它的过去式为could，其后可直接接动词原形，其用法如下： 用法 例句 (1)表示能力，意为“能，会”。 Can you swim？你会游泳吗？ Can you answer the question？你能回答这个问题吗？ (2)表示许可，意为“可以”，相当于may(比may更口语化，may较正式)。此外，could也可以表示许可，语气更加委婉。 Can you help me？你能帮我吗？ You may go home now.你现在可以回家了。 Could you help me find it？你能帮我找到它吗？ (3)用于提出邀请。对其作肯定回答通常用“Sure./Of course./Certainly./Yes，I'd love (like) to.”等，作否定回答通常用“Sorry/No，I can't.”等。 —Can he come to my party？他能来参加我的宴会吗？ —Yes.He'd love to.是的。他很乐意。 —Can you go to the baseball game？你能去看棒球比赛吗？ —Sorry，I can't.对不起，我不能。 (4)用于否定句或疑问句中，表示推测。 Mr.Wang can't be at home.王老师不可能在家里。 2．can句式变化 【拓展】 ★在变否定句时，直接在后面加上“not”，写作can't或cannot。 ◎I can speak French.我会讲法语。→I can't speak French.我不会讲法语。 ★在变一般疑问句时，can直接移到主语前(原主语的首字母改成小写，第一人称应变为第二人称)即可。 ◎I can play the piano.我会弹钢琴。→Can you play the piano？你会弹钢琴吗？ ★其肯定回答可用yes，OK或certainly等；否定回答可用no或sorry等。如： ◎—Can you look after my books，please？你能照看一下我的书吗？—OK.可以。 ★用certainly回答语气更为肯定。如： ◎—Can I see your guitar？我能看看你的吉他吗？—Certainly.当然可以。 2.情态动词could的用法 一、情态动词could作为can的过去式时，表示过去的能力和可能性，其否定形式为could not，可缩写为couldn’t。 ◎He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗了。 ◎Judy couldn’t have enough money for a car. 朱迪不可能有足够的钱买汽车。 二、情态动词could可用于礼貌地提出要求或征询许可，此时并非can的过去式。 用法和句式 示例 提出请求： Could you please (not) do ...? Could you please take the dog for a walk? 请你去遛遛狗好吗？ 征询许可： Could I/we do ... ? Could I go out for dinner with my friends? 我能和朋友一起出去吃（晚）饭吗？ 肯定回答常用语： Of course./Certainly./OK./Sure./No problem. 否定回答常用语： Sorry./Certainly not./I’m afraid I can’t./No, you can’t等.+说明理由 —Could you please clean the room? 请你打扫一下房间好吗？ —Sure. 当然可以。 —Could you open the windows? 能打开窗户吗? —Sorry, but I have a cold. 抱歉，我感冒了。 【拓展】 ★对提出请求或征询许可的句型做否定回答时，通常以sorry或I’m sorry开头。 ◎—Could you help me with my English now? 你现在能帮我学英语吗？ —I’m sorry, but I have a football match ten minutes later. 抱歉，我十分钟后要参加场足球赛。 ★如果问句中使用could，回答时要用can或can’t，不能用could或couldn’t。 ◎—Could I use your bike? 我能用一下你的自行车吗？ —Sure, you can. 当然可以。 ★其他常见的表示委婉请求或征询许可的句型： ◎Will/Would you please do ...? 表示“请你做……好吗？” ◎Would you mind (not) doing ...? 表示“你介意（不）做……吗？” ◎May I ...? 表示“我可以……吗？” RComposition 本单元的话题是“甜蜜的家”，主要介绍了你可以为家庭做些什么、如何让家变得更舒适以及家的意义，与此相关的写作主要涉及以下几个方面： ①介绍自己的家庭，表达家对你的意义； ②描述一家人在某个传统节日的活动； ③向朋友介绍自己家的空间特征，礼貌地请求朋友帮助你装饰房间。 典例1: 假如你是文昌中学一名八年级的学生，上周末你们班开展了一次帮父母做家务（Helping Parents Do Housework）的活动。请你根据下面的要点提示，写一篇英语短文，叙述你上周做家务的过程及感受。要求不少于80词。开头已给出，不计入总词数。 要点提示：（1）做家务的起因； （2）做了哪些家务； （3）父母的反应以及个人的感受。 I am a Grade 8 student in Wenchang Middle School. Last week, our class held an activity called “Helping Parents Do Housework”. Everyone in my class took an active part in the activity. As for me, I did a lot of chores because my parents were away last Saturday morning. First, I swept the floor, cleaned all the rooms and took out the rubbish. Then, I made the bed and folded the clothes. Finally, I watered the flowers in our garden. After doing the chores, I was very tired but happy. When my parents came back and saw what I had done, they were pleased with me. From then on, I decided to help my parents do more housework in my spare time. 典例2: 在你校“劳动教育月”期间，校英语报发起了“A Helper at Home”主题征文活动，请结合自身情况，用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈你经常做的两项家务以及你的收获。 内容要点提示如下： 1)在家经常做的家务劳动： ◆ fold clothes        ◆ wash the dishes         ◆ look after pets      ◆ take out the rubbish     ◆ … 2)你做家务劳动后的收获： ◆ life skills (技能)  ◆ take care of ourselves  ◆ understand parents 要求： 1. 语句通顺、符合逻辑，可适当发挥。 2. 不少于80词。开头已给出，不计入总词数。 These days, here is a topic about doing housework. As the family member, we should take part in it to help our parents. I often help with housework at home. I usually fold clothes and take out the rubbish. I also enjoy looking after pets. I feed them and play with them. I often wash the dishes after dinner. When I am free, I like to help water flowers and grow some vegetables in the garden. I learn a lot from doing these chores. I learn some important life skills and I am able to take better care of myself. I also understand my parents more. They work hard every day and still manage to keep the house clean and comfortable. I am proud to help them with housework. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $