Unit 3 Make it happen! - Understanding ideas 导学案 2026-2027学年英语外研版八年级上册

该初中英语导学案围绕“发明创造”主题，聚焦核心词汇（invent, invention等）、易混动词（lend/borrow, cost/spend等）、不定式和动名词作宾语语法及细节理解等阅读策略。课堂通过词云预测文章内容导入，课前预习词汇短语，课堂导学分语言点逐步讲解，构建从词汇到语法再到阅读策略的学习支架，衔接前后知识。 资料特色在于结合中考真题设计检测题提升语言能力，通过鲁班和Easton的故事渗透文化意识与思维品质，课前预习到拓展提升的闭环设计培养学习能力。学科特色方法如词汇词形转换、语法对比辨析，习题涵盖写作手法等多种阅读题型，助力学生全面发展。

Unit 3 Make it happen! - Understanding ideas 导学案 2026-2027学年英语外研版八年级上册 课题 Unit 3 Make it happen! · Understanding ideas 课型 阅读课 Understanding ideas 年级 八年级上册 课时 第 2 课时（Understanding ideas） 教材 外研版（2025秋版）《英语》八年级上册（Unit 3，课本 p.41-44） 主题 人与社会——发明创造（Inventions and creativity） 学习目标 1. 掌握与“发明”相关的词汇 invent（v. 发明）、invention（n. 发明）、printer（n. 打印机）、design（n./v. 设计）、improve（v. 改进）、weight（n. 重量）、artificial（adj. 人造的）等，以及 lend、borrow、cost、spend 等易混动词，能根据语境正确拼写和运用。 2. 能运用“不定式和动名词作宾语”（decide to do sth.、enjoy doing sth.、keep doing sth.、try to do sth.）表达想法与行动。（课本 p.44） 3. 能读懂“发明创造”主题的语篇，运用细节理解、代词指代、人物形象、写作手法、主旨大意等阅读策略获取信息。 4. 理解发明家富有创造力、坚持不懈的精神品质，体会发明对生活的改变。（课本 p.41-42） 重点难点 【教学重点】“发明”主题词汇与短语（invent、invention、printer、What's worse、build... out of...、shake hands、be able to）；“不定式和动名词作宾语”的用法。 【教学难点】lend/borrow、cost/spend/pay/take 等易混动词辨析；阅读理解中代词指代、写作手法、主旨大意等题型的解题策略。 课前预习 【词汇预习】熟记下列单词的词性与词义。 1. invent v. 发明（名词 invention；发明家 inventor）—— This invention isn't just for fun. 2. printer n. 打印机（动词 print）—— I need a printer to print these documents. 3. design n./v. 设计 —— His design only weighed 0.5 kilograms. 4. improve v. 改进，提高 —— He always tried to improve his work. 5. weight n. 重量（动词 weigh）—— the weight of a small tomato 6. artificial adj. 人造的，人工的 —— an artificial arm（义肢） 7. creative adj. 有创造力的 —— Lu Ban was a creative man. 【短语预习】熟记下列短语。 8. What's worse 更糟糕的是 9. build... out of... 用……制作…… 10. shake hands 握手 11. be able to do sth. 能够做某事 12. fix problems 解决问题 13. keep doing sth. 坚持做某事 14. lend a hand 帮助，伸出援手 【话题预习】看课本 p.41 的词云（improve、artificial arm、helping hand、invent、design），预测文章内容。 15. Look at the word cloud and predict what the passage is about. ______________________ 16. What can you learn from Easton? ______________________ 课堂导学 【语言点 1】核心词汇 invent /ɪnˈvent/ v. 发明，创造（名词 invention；发明家 inventor）：This invention isn't just for fun——it shows how humans copy nature to solve problems.（这项发明不只是为了好玩——它展示了人类如何仿照自然来解决问题。） printer /ˈprɪntə(r)/ n. 打印机（动词 print）：I need a printer. I want to use it to print these documents.（我需要一台打印机，我想用它打印这些文件。） design /dɪˈzaɪn/ n./v. 设计：His design only weighed 0.5 kilograms and cost around $500.（他的设计只有0.5公斤重，花费约500美元。） improve /ɪmˈpruːv/ v. 改进，提高：He always tried to improve his work.（他总是努力改进他的作品。） weight /weɪt/ n. 重量（动词 weigh）：a single hair can hold the weight of a small tomato（一根头发能承受一个小番茄的重量）。 artificial /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl/ adj. 人造的，人工的：an artificial arm（义肢）。注意 artificial 意为“人工的、人造的”，与 natural（自然的）相对。 creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/ adj. 有创造力的：By staying curious and creative, we can find solutions to the challenges we face.（保持好奇心和创造力，我们就能找到应对挑战的办法。） 【语言点 2】易混动词辨析 lend 借出 / borrow 借入：Can you lend me your bike?（你能把自行车借给我吗？）＝ Can I borrow your bike from you?（我能向你借自行车吗？）lend 与 borrow 方向相反，注意区分。 cost / spend / pay / take 表示“花费”：cost 主语为物（sth. cost(s) sb. money）；spend 主语为人（sb. spend(s) money on sth.）；pay 主语为人（sb. pay(s) for sth.）；take 常用 It takes sb. time to do sth.。如：It cost me about five hundred yuan.（它花了我大约500元。） 【语言点 3】核心短语与搭配 What's worse 更糟糕的是：What's worse, my brother lost his wallet on his way home yesterday.（更糟糕的是，我弟弟昨天在回家的路上把钱包弄丢了。）What's worse 作插入语，相当于 Even worse。 build... out of... 用……制作……：He built it out of plastic blocks and fishing line.（他用塑料积木和钓鱼线制作了它。） shake hands 握手：Do people in Italy shake hands when they meet?（在意大利，人们见面时握手吗？） be able to do sth. 能够做某事：You must be able to speak French for this job.（做这项工作你必须会说法语。） keep doing sth. 坚持做某事：If you keep trying and don't give up, your dream will be achieved one day.（如果你坚持努力、不放弃，总有一天你的梦想会实现。） lend a hand 帮助，伸出援手：I must lend a hand to people like her.（我必须帮助像她那样的人。） 【语言点 4】语法聚焦：不定式和动名词作宾语（课本 p.44） 不定式作宾语：常见动词有 decide、try、want、hope、wish、learn 等，后接 to do sth.。如 She decided to plant it in the soil carefully at once.（她决定立刻小心地把它种在土壤里。） 动名词作宾语：常见动词有 enjoy、keep、finish、mind、practice 等，后接 doing sth.。如 David enjoyed watching cartoons when he was very young.（大卫小时候喜欢看动画片。） 辨析 try to do sth.（努力去做某事）与 try doing sth.（试着做某事）。如 He always tried to improve his work.（他总是努力改进作品。） 【语言点 5】阅读策略 细节理解题：根据题干关键词回原文定位信息句。代词指代题：在空前就近寻找指代对象（如 them 指代前文的 some thin bamboo strips）。人物形象题：根据人物言行推断品质（如鲁班从凉亭获得灵感→有创造力）。写作手法题：判断作者的引入方式（如用例子引出话题）。主旨大意题：通读全文，把握中心（如“鲁班发明伞的故事”）。 当堂检测 Ⅰ. 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1. ______ I need a __________(print). I want to use it to print these documents. 2. ______ (2025江苏宿迁中考改编)She decided ___________(plant) it in the soil carefully at once. 3. ______ David enjoyed _____________(watch) cartoons when he was very young. 4. ______ (2025重庆中考改编)This ______________(invent) isn't just for fun——it shows how humans copy nature to solve problems. 5. ______ (2025江苏南通中考改编)A scientific study has found out that a single hair can hold 3 ounces(盎司), the ___________(weigh) of a small tomato. Ⅱ. 单项填空。 6. ______ (2025河南中考改编)If you wish, I can ______ you my ax(斧子) and teach you to cut wood. A. borrow　　B. lend　　C. clean　　D. explain 7. ______ Look at my new bike. It ______ me about five hundred yuan. But I think it's worth the money. A. cost　　B. spent　　C. took　　D. paid 8. ______ If you keep ______ and don't give up, your dream will be achieved one day. A. try　　B. to try　　C. trying　　D. tries Ⅲ. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。 9. ______ 更糟糕的是，我弟弟昨天在回家的路上把他的钱包弄丢了。 ____________ __________, my brother lost his wallet on his way home yesterday. 10. ______ 她用砖和木板制作了这个书架。 She built this bookshelf _________ _______ bricks and planks. 11. ______ (2025黑龙江齐齐哈尔中考改编)在我看来，没有音乐的生活将会是空虚且无意义的。 In my opinion, life _____________ _________ would be empty and meaningless. 12. ______ 她能逐一解决这些问题。 She can _________ ___________ _____________ one by one. 13. ______ 在意大利，人们见面时握手吗？ Do people in Italy___________ __________ when they meet? 14. ______ 做这项工作你必须会说法语。 You must_______ _________ ______ _________ French for this job. Ⅳ. 阅读理解 (2026海南海口部分学校期中联考) There are many folk stories about the invention of the umbrella, for example, the story of Lu Ban, a famous carpenter(木匠) in ancient China. One day, Lu Ban and his sister were visiting the West Lake when it began to rain heavily. Along with other visitors, they hurried to nearby pavilions(凉亭) for shelter. Even from there, they could still enjoy the beautiful scenery, but they were sad because they could not walk around freely in the rain. While standing there, Lu Ban noticed the pavilion's shape and how it protected people from the rain. He got an idea: “Why not create a small, movable ‘pavilion’ that people could carry?” When he returned home, Lu Ban started working. He took some thin bamboo strips(条) and bent them into a round frame(框架). Then, he pasted(粘贴) a piece of oiled paper on the frame. After several tries, he successfully made the first umbrella. This new invention was light and easy to carry, useful for keeping off both rain and the sun. It quickly became popular and spread to many countries, changing daily life for people worldwide. This story teaches us that by staying curious and creative, we can find solutions to the challenges we face. 15. ______ 【特色考法·写作手法题】How does the writer introduce the umbrella's invention? A. By giving an example.　　B. By listing numbers.　　C. By making comparisons. 16. ______ Why were Lu Ban, his sister and other visitors sad in the pavilions? A. Because the rain made the West Lake scenery less beautiful. B. Because they couldn't walk freely in the rain. C. Because the pavilions were too crowded. 17. ______ 【特色考法·代词指代题】What does “them” refer to in the sentence “He took some thin bamboo strips and bent them into a round frame.”? A. Some thin bamboo strips.　　B. Some pieces of oiled paper.　　C. Some round frames. 18. ______ 【特色考法·人物形象题】Which word can best describe Lu Ban? A. Simple.　　B. Outgoing.　　C. Creative. 19. ______ What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Lu Ban and his sister's story.　　B. The invention of the umbrella.　　C. Some solutions to problems. Ⅴ. 阅读表达 【人与社会·发明创新】(2026广东惠州华侨中学期中)请阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答下面的问题，要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整。 Kids like robots. A robot named Robin is very popular in hospitals because it comforts sick kids. Robin is about 1.2 metres tall. With its big eyes and cute plastic body, Robin looks like a cartoon character. It acts like a kid. It can play games, tell funny stories and jokes, and explain difficult and scary medical words in simple ways. The team behind Robin started developing it in 2019. “We want to change kids' understanding of medical treatments so that they will no longer feel lonely and scared,” says Karen Khachikyan, the CEO of the company behind Robin. Robin can know how a child is feeling through his or her facial expressions. It can also do with different situations and talk with children. “Kids in hospitals often have to experience long-term and sometimes painful treatments. Most of them feel lonely and scared. And some may even stop speaking to anyone and lose interest in everything,” Karen said. “However, all the kids who have talked with Robin would like to meet it again. Some become happier after talking with Robin. Besides, Robin is there to help children during hard times.” What a clever and helpful robot! 20. ______ Why is Robin very popular in hospitals? ___________________________________ 21. ______ How tall is Robin? ______________________ 22. ______ When did the team start developing Robin? _____________ 23. ______ How can Robin know how a child is feeling? ___________________________________________ 24. ______ How do most of the kids in hospitals feel according to Karen? _______________________ 拓展提升 1. 完成课本 p.41-43 的阅读任务：看词云预测文章内容、完成信息图表、按时间顺序排列事件（Easton 发明机械臂的故事）。 2. 用本课时核心词汇和短语（invent、improve、design、What's worse、build... out of...、shake hands）各造一个句子，围绕“身边的发明”写一段约 60 词的小短文。 3. 思考并交流：What qualities do inventors have?（发明家具有哪些品质？）结合鲁班和 Easton 的故事谈一谈自己的看法。 参考答案与解析 Ⅰ. 1. printer　2. to plant　3. watching　4. invention　5. weight 1. 解析：句意为“我需要一台打印机，我想用它打印这些文件”，print 的名词 printer 表示“打印机”。 2. 解析：decide to do sth. 表示“决定做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填 to plant。 3. 解析：enjoy doing sth. 表示“喜欢做某事”，动名词作宾语，故填 watching。 4. 解析：句意为“这项发明不只是为了好玩”，动词 invent 的名词形式为 invention，表示“发明”。 5. 解析：句意为“一根头发能承受3盎司——一个小番茄的重量”，weigh 的名词形式为 weight，表示“重量”。 Ⅱ. 6. B　7. A　8. C 6. 解析：句意为“如果你愿意，我可以把我的斧子借给你，并教你伐木”，lend 表示“借给”，符合题意；borrow 表示“借入”。 7. 解析：句意为“它花了我大约500元”，sth. cost(s) sb. some money 表示“某物花了某人多少钱”，主语为物，故用 cost。 8. 解析：keep doing sth. 表示“坚持做某事”，故填 trying。句意为“如果你坚持努力、不放弃，总有一天你的梦想会实现”。 Ⅲ. 9. What's worse　10. out of　11. without music　12. fix these problems　13. shake hands　14. be able to speak 9. 解析：句意为“更糟糕的是，我弟弟昨天在回家的路上把他的钱包弄丢了”，What's worse 表示“更糟糕的是”，作插入语。 10. 解析：build... out of... 表示“用……制作……”，句意为“她用砖和木板制作了这个书架”。 11. 解析：介词短语 without music 表示“没有音乐”，句意为“在我看来，没有音乐的生活将会是空虚且无意义的”。 12. 解析：fix problems 表示“解决问题”，these 修饰 problems，句意为“她能逐一解决这些问题”。 13. 解析：shake hands 表示“握手”，句意为“在意大利，人们见面时握手吗”。 14. 解析：be able to do sth. 表示“能够做某事”，情态动词 must 后接动词原形，故填 be able to speak，句意为“做这项工作你必须会说法语”。 Ⅳ. 15. A　16. B　17. A　18. C　19. B 【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了鲁班发明伞的故事。鲁班游览西湖遇雨，受凉亭形状启发，用竹条和油纸制作出第一把伞，从此改变了人们的日常生活。 15. 解析：写作手法题。根据第一段可知，作者通过鲁班这一具体例子引出伞的发明，故选 A。 16. 解析：细节理解题。根据“but they were sad because they could not walk around freely in the rain”可知，鲁班等人因无法在雨中自由行走而难过，故选 B。 17. 解析：代词指代题。“He took some thin bamboo strips and bent them into a round frame.”中 them 指代前文提到的 some thin bamboo strips（细竹条），故选 A。 18. 解析：人物形象题。鲁班从凉亭中获得灵感从而发明伞，说明他是一个有创造力的人，故选 C。 19. 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了鲁班发明伞的故事，故选 B。 Ⅴ. 20. Because it comforts sick kids.　21. About 1.2 metres.　22. In 2019.　23. Through his or her facial expressions.　24. Lonely and scared. 【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了一款深受生病住院的孩子们喜爱的机器人 Robin。它能安慰生病的孩子，通过与孩子交流让他们不再感到孤独和害怕。 20. 解析：根据“A robot named Robin is very popular in hospitals because it comforts sick kids.”可知，Robin 在医院很受欢迎是因为它能安慰生病的孩子。 21. 解析：根据“Robin is about 1.2 metres tall.”可知，Robin 有大约1.2米高。 22. 解析：根据“The team behind Robin started developing it in 2019.”可知，研发 Robin 的团队于2019年开始研发它。 23. 解析：根据“Robin can know how a child is feeling through his or her facial expressions.”可知，Robin 可以通过孩子们的面部表情来了解他们的感受。 24. 解析：根据“Kids in hospitals...Most of them feel lonely and scared.”可知，在 Karen 看来，大多数住院的孩子会感到孤独和害怕。 第 页　共 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $