Unit 5 语法填空专项练习 2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦语境化语法应用，通过10篇主题短文系统训练动词形式、词性转换及虚词用法，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |动词形式|32空（如时态/非谓语）|结合叙事语境考查时态变化与非谓语搭配|从基础时态规则到语境中动作关系判断，形成"时间标志-动作逻辑-形式选择"链条| |词性转换|25空（如adj→adv/n）|通过上下文语义需求考查词形变化|基于词根词缀知识，建立"语义需求-词性判断-词形转换"推导过程| |虚词运用|20空（介/冠/连）|依托场景逻辑考查功能词使用|从语法功能到语境衔接，构建"句子成分-逻辑关系-虚词选择"应用路径|

Unit 5 语法填空专项练习 2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册（学生版） Passage 1 Last weekend, I took a train to visit my grandparents. I chose a quiet carriage 1 (read) my book. Soon, a young man 2 (sit) opposite me started watching videos 3 a loud voice. It was very annoying. I 4 (try) to ignore him, but the noise was too much. Then a woman behind me began 5 (eat) a sandwich with a very strong smell. It made me 6 (feel) sick. I looked around and saw that other passengers 7 (look) unhappy too. But nobody said 8 (something). I remembered that there were signs on the wall 9 (say) “Please be quiet” and “No smelly food”. I took a deep breath and decided 10 (speak) up. I politely asked the man to use earphones and reminded the woman about the rule. They both apologized and the rest of the journey was peaceful. Passage 2 Every year, our school holds a sports meeting. It’s a great event, but we must 11 (follow) the rules to make it go smoothly. Last year, I 12 (take) part in the 100-meter race. Before the race, the teacher 13 (tell) us the rules: we must stay in our lanes, and we 14 (not can) start before the gun goes off. I was very nervous. When the gun went off, I ran as fast as I could. Suddenly, I saw a runner next to me run out of his lane. The referee 15 (call) a foul on him. He couldn’t continue the race. I felt sorry for him, but I knew he broke the rule. After the race, I 16 (talk) to my friend about it. He said, “Rules are 17 (importance) because they make the race fair.” I agreed with him. This year, I 18 (plan) to join the long jump. I 19 (learn) the rules already, and I will make sure I don’t break any. I hope I can get a good result, but I know that following rules is more 20 (important) than winning. Passage 3 Playing by the rules is important, but what happens when a strict rule leads to an unfair outcome? This is where the “spirit of the rule” comes in. The spirit of the rule is about the rule’s 21 (intend) purpose—to ensure fairness and safety. For example, in football, a player might be 22 (slight) offside according to the line, but if they weren’t gaining an advantage and didn’t 23 (involve) in the play, some referees might not call it. They are considering the spirit of the offside rule, which is to prevent “goal-hanging,” not to punish tiny mistakes. This requires good 24 (judge) from officials and honesty from players. A player who knows they gained an unfair advantage should admit it, even if the referee didn’t see it. This act of 25 (honest) embodies the true spirit of sportsmanship. Of course, this doesn’t mean we can ignore rules whenever we want. But it 26 (mean) we should think about why the rule exists and 27 (apply) it with wisdom and a sense of fairness. 28 (ultimate), the goal is to have a fair and enjoyable game for everyone 29 (concern). Developing this understanding is a key part of 30 (grow) as both a player and a person. Passage 4 Fairness is the foundation of any good competition. 31 (ensure) fairness, clear and well-known rules must be 32 (establish). All participants 33 (have) the right to know these rules before they start. During the competition, judges or referees 34 (be) responsible for 35 (make) sure everyone follows them. Their role is not easy. They must make quick decisions and sometimes these decisions 36 (not please) everyone. However, a good referee always makes the call based on what they see, without 37 (favour) any side. When a rule 38 (break), there should be a clear consequence, like a penalty or a point deduction. This helps 39 (maintain) order and teaches players about responsibility. Ultimately, the goal of rules is not to restrict but to create an environment where everyone has a fair chance 40 (show) their best. Passage 5 Our class is going to have a presentation session about school rules. Each group will choose a rule and propose 41 (change) it or agree to keep it. My group chose the “no snacks in the classroom” rule. We are going to agree 42 (keep) this rule. First, we plan 43 (present) the reasons for the rule: it helps 44 (keep) the classroom clean and prevents attracting insects. It also encourages students 45 (eat) proper meals in the canteen. We know some students might want 46 (allow) to eat snacks, saying they get hungry. To address this, we will suggest a compromise:by 47 (have) a designated snack time in the break area. We 48 (prepare) some photos showing messy classrooms with food wrappers to make our point visual. We hope our presentation 49 (be) clear and convincing, and that it 50 (lead) to a good class discussion about why rules exist and how they can work for everyone. Passage 6 Rules are an important part of our lives. They help 51 (keep) order and ensure fairness. In sports, rules 52 (make) sure that everyone has an equal chance to win. Players who 53 (not follow) the rules can 54 (give) a yellow card or even be sent off. At school, rules 55 (help) create a safe and productive learning environment. For example, the rule about 56 (not run) in the hallways 57 (prevent) accidents. Even in simple games like chess or cards, rules define how 58 (play). Without clear rules, games would be confusing and unfair. While sometimes rules might seem strict, they 59 (be) usually made for good reasons. Understanding and 60 (follow) rules is a sign of respect for others and for the activity itself. Passage 7 Do you feel 61 (happy) when people play music or videos on the subway? It’s not a problem for people in Shanghai now. There are some new 62 (rule) for the Shanghai subway now! The 63 (one) new rule is “No using loudspeakers (扬声器)”.Subway riders must 64 (follow) it when they take the subway. They have to use 65 (they) earphones when they listen to music or watch movies on their phones. Some people don’t follow the new rule, so subway workers stop them 66 (do) like that or take them to the police. There 67 (be) also some other rules. People cannot bring bikes into the subway station. People cannot 68 (eat) or drink in subway cars. Many people welcome the new rules 69 (warm). And they think the rules can help subway riders. They also need the same 70 (rule) on buses and trains. Passage 8 After a busy day at work, I got on the train to go home. I went to a quiet area in order to read. I sat down and took out my book. 71 (sudden), a girl opposite me started playing loud music on her phone. I almost jumped up 72 (介词) surprise. A minute later, the man next to me took out several 73 (packet) of food. It was like he was on a picnic. People have to eat, of course, but the food was so 74 (smell)!It was like sitting next to a mountain of blue cheese. I covered my ears in order to block the 75 (noisy) coming from Rock Girl. I covered my nose so as to reduce 76 (冠词) smell coming from Mr Smelly Food. I turned around so as to see the other 77 (passenger) faces. They also seemed unhappy, but no one did 78 (something). Will they think me a fool if I do something? I looked at the 79 (sign) on the wall. They read “Please be quiet”, “No smelly food” and “Please look after your children”. Everyone knows the rules, I thought. They aren’t just on the wall 80 (连词) also in our minds and hearts. And rules are there for us to follow! I felt brave. I took a deep breath, stood up and cleared my throat... Passage 9 We often have classes in the lab. There are many rules in the lab, such as “Don’t listen to music in the lab!” and “Arrive at the lab on time for class!” But here 81 (be) another two important rules—don’t eat or drink in the lab, and don’t bring food 82 drinks to the lab. There are three reasons. First, the bowls and cups are very easy to break and the food or drinks will be out. They can make the lab dirty, and our teacher will ask us 83 (clean) it. 84 (two), there are many unsafe things in the lab. It isn’t good for 85 (we). If you put the food or drinks 86 your mouth in the lab, you may eat some of the 87 (danger) things. Of course, it is always 88 good idea to wash your hands each time before you leave the lab. Third, food can get some 89 (mouse) and flies (苍蝇) around. We should keep the rules 90 (make) the lab safe. So, if you want to drink or eat something, do it outside the lab. Passage 10 The Internet is super important in our life. It’s a really big network that links lots of devices, so we can share information 91 (easy). It changes 92 we talk. It’s amazing. We couldn’t talk with the people far away before. But now we can 93 (use) email, social media like Facebook or Instagram, and chat apps like WhatsApp. People in different 94 (country) can talk right away. For example, a student in the US can have a video chat 95 a teacher in Australia to ask about schoolwork. The Internet is also a huge knowledge store. With Google, we can find all 96 (kind) of information. We can learn new languages, about history and science. There are online courses on Coursera too. We can study at home 97 get smarter. In business, 98 (shop) is so easy now. Amazon lets us buy things from all over. Small businesses can also use the Internet. They can make a website and sell things, competing with big companies. But there are some problems. Sometimes 99 (we) personal information can be stolen, which is bad. Still, the Internet does a lot of good and will keep making our world different and 100 (good). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 语法填空专项练习 2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册（教师版） Passage 1 Last weekend, I took a train to visit my grandparents. I chose a quiet carriage 1 (read) my book. Soon, a young man 2 (sit) opposite me started watching videos 3 a loud voice. It was very annoying. I 4 (try) to ignore him, but the noise was too much. Then a woman behind me began 5 (eat) a sandwich with a very strong smell. It made me 6 (feel) sick. I looked around and saw that other passengers 7 (look) unhappy too. But nobody said 8 (something). I remembered that there were signs on the wall 9 (say) “Please be quiet” and “No smelly food”. I took a deep breath and decided 10 (speak) up. I politely asked the man to use earphones and reminded the woman about the rule. They both apologized and the rest of the journey was peaceful. 【答案】 1．to read 2．sitting 3．in 4．tried 5．eating 6．feel 7．looked 8．anything 9．saying 10．to speak 【导语】本文主要讲述上周末作者坐火车去看望祖父母，途中遇到一些不文明乘客，最后作者礼貌提醒，旅途恢复平静。 【详解】1．句意：我选了一节安静的车厢来读书。“chose a quiet carriage”后面表目的，是为了来读书，不定式作目的状语，所以填to read。 2．句意：很快，坐在我对面的一个年轻男子开始大声播放视频。“a young man”后面修饰名词，谓语已经有started，此处是现在分词作后置定语，所以填sitting。 3．句意：很快，坐在我对面的一个年轻男子开始大声播放视频。固定搭配：in a loud voice“大声地”，所以填in。 4．句意：我试着不去理会他，但是噪音实在太大。“Last weekend”提示全文时态为 一般过去时，后文“was”也提示了这一时态，所以填tried。 5．句意：然后我身后一位女士开始吃气味很重的三明治。固定搭配：begin doing sth.“开始做某事”，所以填eating。 6．句意：这让我感到恶心。固定搭配：make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”，所以填feel。 7．句意：我环顾四周，看到其他乘客看起来也很不高兴。全文一般过去时，并列动词“looked、saw”，从句谓语用一般过去式，所以填looked。 8．句意：但是没有人说任何话。否定词“nobody”，否定句中“something”要变为anything。 9．句意：我想起墙上有标识写着“请保持安静”以及“请勿食用异味食物”。名词“signs”后，已有谓语were，此处是现在分词作后置定语，表标识上写着内容，所以填saying。 10．句意：我深吸一口气，决定站出来说清楚。固定短语：decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，不定式作宾语，所以填to speak。 Passage 2 Every year, our school holds a sports meeting. It’s a great event, but we must 11 (follow) the rules to make it go smoothly. Last year, I 12 (take) part in the 100-meter race. Before the race, the teacher 13 (tell) us the rules: we must stay in our lanes, and we 14 (not can) start before the gun goes off. I was very nervous. When the gun went off, I ran as fast as I could. Suddenly, I saw a runner next to me run out of his lane. The referee 15 (call) a foul on him. He couldn’t continue the race. I felt sorry for him, but I knew he broke the rule. After the race, I 16 (talk) to my friend about it. He said, “Rules are 17 (importance) because they make the race fair.” I agreed with him. This year, I 18 (plan) to join the long jump. I 19 (learn) the rules already, and I will make sure I don’t break any. I hope I can get a good result, but I know that following rules is more 20 (important) than winning. 【答案】 11．follow 12．took 13．told 14．can’t 15．called 16．talked 17．important 18．am planning 19．have learned 20．important 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，围绕校运动会展开，作者回忆去年参加百米赛跑时目睹选手违规被罚的经历，感悟规则保障比赛公平，同时介绍今年计划参加跳远项目，懂得遵守规则比取得名次更加重要。 【详解】11．句意：这是一场盛大的活动，但我们必须遵守规则，保障赛事顺利进行。该处需动词原形；情态动词must后面接动词原形。 12．句意：去年，我参加了100米赛跑。该处需动词过去式作谓语；时间标志词Last year提示时态为一般过去时，take的过去式为took。 13．句意：比赛前，老师向我们讲解规则。该处需动词过去式作谓语；叙述去年赛前发生的事情，使用一般过去时，tell的过去式为told。 14．句意：枪响之前我们不能起跑。该处需情态动词；句子语义要求表达“禁止、不可以”，需要使用can的否定形式；情态动词can变否定直接加not，缩写为can’t。 15．句意：裁判判定他犯规。该处需动词过去式作谓语；讲述去年比赛过程，时态为一般过去时，call的过去式为called。 16．句意：比赛结束后，我和朋友谈起这件事。该处需动词过去式作谓语；叙述过去发生的对话，采用一般过去时，talk的过去式为talked。 17．句意：规则十分重要，因为它们让比赛变得公平。该处需形容词作表语；名词importance转换成形容词important。 18．句意：今年，我计划参加跳远项目。该处需谓语动词；结合语境表达当下正在规划，使用现在进行时am planning。 19．句意：我已经学习了相关规则，并且保证不会违规。该处需谓语动词；时间标志词already提示时态为现在完成时，结构为“have+过去分词”，learn的过去分词为learned。 20．句意：我希望取得不错的成绩，但我明白遵守规则比获胜更重要。该处需形容词作表语；more后接形容词原形构成比较级。 Passage 3 Playing by the rules is important, but what happens when a strict rule leads to an unfair outcome? This is where the “spirit of the rule” comes in. The spirit of the rule is about the rule’s 21 (intend) purpose—to ensure fairness and safety. For example, in football, a player might be 22 (slight) offside according to the line, but if they weren’t gaining an advantage and didn’t 23 (involve) in the play, some referees might not call it. They are considering the spirit of the offside rule, which is to prevent “goal-hanging,” not to punish tiny mistakes. This requires good 24 (judge) from officials and honesty from players. A player who knows they gained an unfair advantage should admit it, even if the referee didn’t see it. This act of 25 (honest) embodies the true spirit of sportsmanship. Of course, this doesn’t mean we can ignore rules whenever we want. But it 26 (mean) we should think about why the rule exists and 27 (apply) it with wisdom and a sense of fairness. 28 (ultimate), the goal is to have a fair and enjoyable game for everyone 29 (concern). Developing this understanding is a key part of 30 (grow) as both a player and a person. 【答案】 21．intended 22．slightly 23．involve 24．judgment 25．honesty 26．means 27．apply 28．Ultimately 29．concerned 30．growing 【导语】本文为议论文，围绕遵守规则展开，论述行事需兼顾规则条文与公平精神，结合足球实例论证灵活公正执行规则的重要性。 【详解】21．句意：这便是“规则精神”的由来，规则的本意是保障公平与安全。修饰名词purpose需形容词，intend的形容词形式是intended，意为“原本的、预期的”。 22．句意：例如在足球中，球员可能只是轻微越位。修饰形容词offside要用副词，slight的副词形式是slightly，意为“轻微地、略微”。 23．句意：但如果他们没有获得优势，也没有参与进攻，裁判可能不会吹罚。助动词didn’t后必须使用动词原形，故填involve，意为“参与”。 24．句意：这需要裁判良好的判断力和球员的诚实品质。形容词good后接名词，judge对应的名词是judgment，意为“判断力”。 25．句意：这种诚实的行为体现了真正的体育精神。介词of后需填入名词，honest的名词形式是honesty，意为“诚实”。 26．句意：但这意味着我们应当思考规则存在的原因，以智慧和公平意识运用规则。主语it是第三人称单数，一般现在时谓语动词用三单形式，即means，意为“意味着”。 27．句意：但这意味着我们应当思考规则存在的原因，以智慧和公平意识运用规则。and并列两个谓语动词，均受情态动词should支配，使用动词原形，因此填动词原形apply，apply rules是固定搭配“执行规则”。 28．句意：归根结底，目标是为所有相关人员打造一场公平、愉悦的比赛。修饰整个句子需副词，ultimate的副词形式是ultimately，位于句首首字母大写，意为“最终、归根结底”。 29．句意：让每一位相关人员都拥有公平愉悦的赛事。修饰不定代词everyone需形容词，concern的形容词是concerned，意为“有关的、相关的”。 30．句意：培养这种理解能力，是球员自身与个人成长的重要一环。介词of后接动名词，grow的动名词形式是growing，意为“成长”。 Passage 4 Fairness is the foundation of any good competition. 31 (ensure) fairness, clear and well-known rules must be 32 (establish). All participants 33 (have) the right to know these rules before they start. During the competition, judges or referees 34 (be) responsible for 35 (make) sure everyone follows them. Their role is not easy. They must make quick decisions and sometimes these decisions 36 (not please) everyone. However, a good referee always makes the call based on what they see, without 37 (favour) any side. When a rule 38 (break), there should be a clear consequence, like a penalty or a point deduction. This helps 39 (maintain) order and teaches players about responsibility. Ultimately, the goal of rules is not to restrict but to create an environment where everyone has a fair chance 40 (show) their best. 【答案】 31．To ensure 32．established 33．have 34．are 35．making 36．don’t please 37．favouring 38．is broken 39．maintain/to maintain 40．to show 【导语】本文主要描述了公平是一切良性竞赛的基石，清晰、公认且被严格执行的规则，是保障公平、让每一位参与者都能展现真实水平的核心。 【详解】31．句意：为了确保公平，必须制定清晰且广为人知的规则。这里用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了确保公平”，故填To ensure。 32．句意：为了确保公平，清晰且广为人知的规则必须被制定。主语rules和动词establish是被动关系（规则“被制定”），且前面有must be，所以用过去分词构成被动语态must be established。 33．句意：所有参赛者在开始前都有权利了解这些规则。主语All participants是复数，句子是一般现在时，谓语动词用原形have。 34．句意：在比赛过程中，裁判负责确保所有人都遵守这些规则。主语judges or referees是复数，句子是一般现在时，be动词用are。 35．句意：在比赛过程中，裁判负责确保所有人都遵守这些规则。介词for后面需要接动名词（doing形式），所以make要变为making。 36．句意：他们必须快速做出决定，而有时这些决定并不能让所有人都满意。主语these decisions是复数，句子是一般现在时的否定形式，所以用don’t+动词原形please。 37．句意：然而，一名优秀的裁判总是根据自己所见做出判罚，不偏袒任何一方。介词without后面需要接动名词（doing形式），所以favour要变为favouring。 38．句意：当规则被违反时，应该有明确的后果，比如处罚或扣分。主语a rule和动词break是被动关系（规则“被打破”），句子是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态is broken。 39．句意：这有助于维持秩序，并让选手懂得责任的意义。help (to) do sth.是固定搭配，表示“有助于做某事”，其中to可以省略，所以填maintain或to maintain都可以。 40．句意：归根结底，规则的目的不是限制，而是创造一个环境，让每个人都有公平的机会展现自己的最佳水平。have a chance to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“有机会做某事”，需要用动词不定式作后置定语，所以填to show。 Passage 5 Our class is going to have a presentation session about school rules. Each group will choose a rule and propose 41 (change) it or agree to keep it. My group chose the “no snacks in the classroom” rule. We are going to agree 42 (keep) this rule. First, we plan 43 (present) the reasons for the rule: it helps 44 (keep) the classroom clean and prevents attracting insects. It also encourages students 45 (eat) proper meals in the canteen. We know some students might want 46 (allow) to eat snacks, saying they get hungry. To address this, we will suggest a compromise:by 47 (have) a designated snack time in the break area. We 48 (prepare) some photos showing messy classrooms with food wrappers to make our point visual. We hope our presentation 49 (be) clear and convincing, and that it 50 (lead) to a good class discussion about why rules exist and how they can work for everyone. 【答案】 41．to change 42．to keep 43．to present 44． keep/to keep 45．to eat 46．to be allowed 47．having 48．will prepare 49．will be 50．will lead 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一个班级关于“禁止在教室吃零食”校规的展示方案。文章阐述了保留该规则的理由，并计划提出一个折中建议。 【详解】41．句意：每个小组将选择一条规则，并提议修改它或同意保留它。该处需一个动词不定式，在句中作动词propose的宾语；上下文语境是“各组选择规则并提出修改或保留的方案”，提示语义与“改变、修改”相关；固定搭配propose to do sth.（提议做某事）要求使用动词不定式，故填to change。 42．句意：我们将同意保留这条规则。该处需一个动词不定式，在句中作动词agree的宾语；上下文语境提示语义与“保持、保留”相关；固定搭配agree to do sth.（同意做某事）要求使用动词不定式，故填to keep。 43．句意：首先，我们计划陈述制定这条规则的理由：它有助于保持教室清洁，并防止吸引昆虫。该处需一个动词不定式，在句中作动词plan的宾语；上下文提示语义与“呈现、陈述”相关；固定搭配plan to do sth.（计划做某事）要求使用动词不定式，故填to present。 44．句意：首先，我们计划陈述制定这条规则的理由：它有助于保持教室清洁，并防止吸引昆虫。该处需一个动词原形或动词不定式，在句中作动词 helps的宾语；上下文提示语义与“保持、维持”相关；固定搭配help (to) do sth.（帮助做某事）中，不定式符号to也可省略，故填keep或to keep。 45．句意：它也鼓励学生在食堂吃正餐。该处需一个动词不定式，在句中作宾语补足语；上下文语境提示语义与“吃”相关；固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.（鼓励某人做某事）要求使用动词不定式，故填to eat。 46．句意：我们知道有些学生可能希望被允许吃零食，说他们会饿。该处需一个动词不定式的被动形式，在句中作动词want的宾语；上下文语境提示语义为 “被允许”；固定搭配“want to do sth.”要求使用动词不定式，且主语students是allow动作的承受者，需用被动语态to be allowed。 47．句意：为了解决这个问题，我们会建议一个折中方案：通过在休息区设定一个专门的零食时间来处理。该处需一个动名词，在句中作介词by的宾语；上下文语境提示语义与“安排、设置”相关；介词by后接动名词，表示“通过做某事”，故填having。 48．句意：我们将准备一些照片，展示有食品包装的脏乱教室，使我们的观点更直观。该处需一个动词的将来时形式，在句中作谓语；上下文语境描述的是为即将到来的展示所做的准备，提示动作发生在将来；用will结构表示计划中的动作，故填will prepare。 49．句意：我们希望我们的展示清晰有说服力，并希望它能引发一场关于规则为何存在以及如何为每个人服务的良好课堂讨论。该处需一个动词的将来时形式，在句中作谓语；上下文语境提示这是对未来的展望；句子描述的是将来的状态，需用一般将来时，故填will be。 50．句意：我们希望我们的展示清晰有说服力，并希望它能引发一场关于规则为何存在以及如何为每个人服务的良好课堂讨论。该处需一个动词的将来时形式，在句中作谓语；上下文语境提示这是对未来结果的展望；句子描述的是将来的动作，需用一般将来时，故填will lead。 Passage 6 Rules are an important part of our lives. They help 51 (keep) order and ensure fairness. In sports, rules 52 (make) sure that everyone has an equal chance to win. Players who 53 (not follow) the rules can 54 (give) a yellow card or even be sent off. At school, rules 55 (help) create a safe and productive learning environment. For example, the rule about 56 (not run) in the hallways 57 (prevent) accidents. Even in simple games like chess or cards, rules define how 58 (play). Without clear rules, games would be confusing and unfair. While sometimes rules might seem strict, they 59 (be) usually made for good reasons. Understanding and 60 (follow) rules is a sign of respect for others and for the activity itself. 【答案】 51．keep/to keep 52．make 53．don’t follow 54．be given 55．help 56．not running 57．prevents 58．to play 59．are 60．following 【导语】本文论述规则在生活、运动、校园、游戏中的重要作用，说明规则看似严格却有合理意义，遵守规则是尊重他人的体现。 【详解】51．句意：它们有助于维持秩序、保障公平。 固定结构help (to) do sth.，to可省略，因此填(to) keep。 52．句意：在体育运动中，规则确保每个人拥有平等获胜的机会。全文主体时态为一般现在时，主语rules是复数，谓语动词用原形make。 53．句意：不遵守规则的运动员会被出示黄牌甚至被罚下场。定语从句先行词Players为复数，一般现在时否定形式用don’t，后接动词原形follow。 54．句意：不遵守规则的运动员会被出示黄牌甚至被罚下场。主语Players和give是被动关系，情态动词can后接be+过去分词，give的过去分词为given。 55．句意：在学校，规则助力营造安全高效的学习环境。时态为一般现在时，主语rules为复数，谓语动词用原形help。 56．句意：例如，关于不在走廊奔跑的规定可以避免事故。介词about后接动名词，否定动名词直接在前面加not，故填not running。 57．句意：例如，关于不在走廊奔跑的规定可以避免事故。主语the rule是单数，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式prevents。 58．句意：即便是国际象棋、纸牌这类简单游戏，规则也规定了玩法。固定结构“疑问词how+to do”作define的宾语，故填to play。 59．句意：尽管有时规则看起来严苛，但制定它们通常都有充分理由。时态为一般现在时，主语they指代rules，be动词用are。 60．句意：理解并遵守规则是尊重他人和这项活动本身的一种体现。and连接并列主语，与Understanding保持形式一致，用动名词following作主语。 Passage 7 Do you feel 61 (happy) when people play music or videos on the subway? It’s not a problem for people in Shanghai now. There are some new 62 (rule) for the Shanghai subway now! The 63 (one) new rule is “No using loudspeakers (扬声器)”.Subway riders must 64 (follow) it when they take the subway. They have to use 65 (they) earphones when they listen to music or watch movies on their phones. Some people don’t follow the new rule, so subway workers stop them 66 (do) like that or take them to the police. There 67 (be) also some other rules. People cannot bring bikes into the subway station. People cannot 68 (eat) or drink in subway cars. Many people welcome the new rules 69 (warm). And they think the rules can help subway riders. They also need the same 70 (rule) on buses and trains. 【答案】 61．unhappy 62．rules 63．first 64．follow 65．their 66．doing 67．are 68．eat 69．warmly 70．rules 【导语】本文介绍了上海地铁出台的多项乘车新规则，包括禁止使用扬声器、禁止携带自行车进站、车厢内禁止饮食等，说明这些规则受到民众欢迎，人们也希望公交、火车等公共交通能推行同类规则。 【详解】61．句意：当有人在地铁上播放音乐或视频时，你会觉得不开心吗？结合后文上海出台新规解决该问题的语境，可知此处表达负面感受“不开心”。happy意为“开心的”，添加否定前缀un-可构成其反义词unhappy，意为“不开心的”，在系动词feel后作表语。 62．句意：现在上海地铁有一些新规定。句中some意为“一些”，后接可数名词时需使用复数形式。rule是可数名词，意为“规则”，其复数形式为rules。 63．句意：第一条新规定是“禁止使用扬声器”。此处表述条目顺序，需使用序数词表示“第一”。one是基数词，对应的序数词为first，意为“第一的”，修饰名词短语new rule。 64．句意：地铁乘客乘坐地铁时必须遵守这条规定。句中must是情态动词，情态动词后需接动词原形。follow是动词，意为“遵守”，保持原形即可。 65．句意：他们用手机听音乐或看电影时，必须使用他们的耳机。空格后是名词earphones，修饰名词需使用形容词性物主代词。they是人称代词主格，对应的形容词性物主代词是their，意为“他们的”。 66．句意：有些人不遵守新规定，所以地铁工作人员会阻止他们这样做，或者将他们交给警方。固定搭配stop sb. doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”，介词后接动名词作宾语，do的动名词形式为doing。 67．句意：还有一些其他的规定。本句为there be句型，be动词的单复数遵循就近原则，空格后some other rules是可数名词复数，且句子描述客观事实，使用一般现在时，因此be动词用are。 68．句意：人们不能在地铁车厢内吃喝。句中cannot是情态动词的否定形式，情态动词后需接动词原形。eat是动词，意为“吃”，保持原形即可。 69．句意：许多人热烈欢迎这些新规定。空格处修饰动词welcome，修饰动词需使用副词。warm是形容词，意为“热烈的，温暖的”，对应的副词形式为warmly，意为“热烈地”。 70．句意：他们认为公交车和火车上也需要同样的规则。same意为“同样的”，结合语境，公交与火车上的规则不止一条，rule是可数名词，此处使用复数形式rules。 Passage 8 After a busy day at work, I got on the train to go home. I went to a quiet area in order to read. I sat down and took out my book. 71 (sudden), a girl opposite me started playing loud music on her phone. I almost jumped up 72 (介词) surprise. A minute later, the man next to me took out several 73 (packet) of food. It was like he was on a picnic. People have to eat, of course, but the food was so 74 (smell)!It was like sitting next to a mountain of blue cheese. I covered my ears in order to block the 75 (noisy) coming from Rock Girl. I covered my nose so as to reduce 76 (冠词) smell coming from Mr Smelly Food. I turned around so as to see the other 77 (passenger) faces. They also seemed unhappy, but no one did 78 (something). Will they think me a fool if I do something? I looked at the 79 (sign) on the wall. They read “Please be quiet”, “No smelly food” and “Please look after your children”. Everyone knows the rules, I thought. They aren’t just on the wall 80 (连词) also in our minds and hearts. And rules are there for us to follow! I felt brave. I took a deep breath, stood up and cleared my throat... 【答案】 71．Suddenly 72．in 73．packets 74．smelly 75．noise 76．the 77．passengers’ 78．anything 79．signs 80．but 【导语】本文讲述了作者在火车上遇到的两件烦心事：邻座女孩大声播放音乐、旁边男士吃气味很重的食物，最终作者决定鼓起勇气提醒大家遵守公共规则。 【详解】71．句意：突然，我对面的一个女孩开始用手机大声播放音乐。这里需要副词修饰整个句子，sudden是形容词，副词形式为suddenly，意为“突然地”，句首首字母需大写。 72．句意：我惊讶得差点跳起来。固定搭配in surprise 表示“惊讶地”。 73．句意：一分钟后，我旁边的男士拿出了几包食物。several（几个）后接可数名词复数，packet的复数形式为packets，意为“包/袋”。 74．句意：食物闻起来太臭了！so后接形容词或副词，此处描述食物的气味，smell的形容词形式为smelly，意为“有臭味的”。 75．句意：我捂住耳朵，想挡住来自“摇滚女孩”的噪音。定冠词the后接名词，noisy是形容词，名词形式为noise，意为“噪音”。 76．句意：我捂住鼻子，以减少来自“臭食物先生”的气味。 解析：此处特指“食物的气味”，用定冠词the。 77．句意：我转过身，看看其他乘客的脸。other后接复数名词，且此处表示“乘客们的脸”，需用复数名词的所有格passengers’。 78．句意：他们看起来也不开心，但没人做任何事。否定句中表示“任何事” 用anything，something用于肯定句。 79．句意：我看了看墙上的标识。根据下文“They read ‘Please be quiet’...”可知，墙上有多个标识，用sign的复数形式signs。 80．句意：它们不只是在墙上，而且也在我们的思想和心里。固定搭配 not just...but also...表示“不仅……而且……”。 Passage 9 We often have classes in the lab. There are many rules in the lab, such as “Don’t listen to music in the lab!” and “Arrive at the lab on time for class!” But here 81 (be) another two important rules—don’t eat or drink in the lab, and don’t bring food 82 drinks to the lab. There are three reasons. First, the bowls and cups are very easy to break and the food or drinks will be out. They can make the lab dirty, and our teacher will ask us 83 (clean) it. 84 (two), there are many unsafe things in the lab. It isn’t good for 85 (we). If you put the food or drinks 86 your mouth in the lab, you may eat some of the 87 (danger) things. Of course, it is always 88 good idea to wash your hands each time before you leave the lab. Third, food can get some 89 (mouse) and flies (苍蝇) around. We should keep the rules 90 (make) the lab safe. So, if you want to drink or eat something, do it outside the lab. 【答案】 81．are 82．or 83．to clean 84．Second 85．us 86．into/in 87．dangerous 88．a 89．mice 90．to make 【导语】本文介绍了实验室里不能吃喝、不能带食物饮料进入的两条重要规则，并从三个方面说明了原因，提醒大家遵守规则保证实验室安全。 【详解】81．句意：但是还有另外两条重要的规则。本句是here be句型，句中时态为一般现在时，主语two important rules是复数，此处用be动词的复数形式are。 82．句意：不要把食物和饮料带到实验室。否定句中表示并列需要用连词or。 83．句意：它们会把实验室弄脏，老师会要求我们打扫。ask sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，需要用clean的不定式形式to clean。 84．句意：第二，实验室里有许多不安全的物品。表示顺序需要用序数词，需要用two的序数词形式Second，句首首字母大写。 85．句意：这对我们没有好处。介词for后接人称代词宾格，用we的宾格形式us。 86．句意：如果你在实验室里把食物或饮料放进嘴里。put...into/in...是固定搭配，意为“把……放进……”，此处填介词into/in。 87．句意：你可能会吃到一些危险的东西。需要用形容词修饰名词things，需要用danger的形容词形式dangerous。 88．句意：每次离开实验室前洗手总是一个好主意。good以辅音音素开头，需要用不定冠词a，泛指一个主意。 89．句意：食物会引来一些老鼠和苍蝇。some后接可数名词复数，mouse的复数形式是mice。 90．句意：我们应该遵守规则来保证实验室安全。此处用动词不定式表目的，需要用make的不定式形式to make。 Passage 10 The Internet is super important in our life. It’s a really big network that links lots of devices, so we can share information 91 (easy). It changes 92 we talk. It’s amazing. We couldn’t talk with the people far away before. But now we can 93 (use) email, social media like Facebook or Instagram, and chat apps like WhatsApp. People in different 94 (country) can talk right away. For example, a student in the US can have a video chat 95 a teacher in Australia to ask about schoolwork. The Internet is also a huge knowledge store. With Google, we can find all 96 (kind) of information. We can learn new languages, about history and science. There are online courses on Coursera too. We can study at home 97 get smarter. In business, 98 (shop) is so easy now. Amazon lets us buy things from all over. Small businesses can also use the Internet. They can make a website and sell things, competing with big companies. But there are some problems. Sometimes 99 (we) personal information can be stolen, which is bad. Still, the Internet does a lot of good and will keep making our world different and 100 (good). 【答案】 91．easily 92．how 93．use 94．countries 95．with 96．kinds 97．and 98．shopping 99．our 100．better 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了互联网在我们生活中的重要性，包括它在沟通、知识获取、商业等方面的作用，同时也指出了互联网存在的一些问题。 【详解】91．句意：它是一个连接许多设备的巨大网络，所以我们可以轻松地共享信息。根据“share information...”可知，此处应用副词修饰动词share，easy的副词为easily，意为“容易地”。故填easily。 92．句意：它改变了我们交谈的方式。根据“It changes...we talk.”可知，此处表达的是互联网改变了我们交谈的方式，应用how引导宾语从句，表示“如何”。故填how。 93．句意：但是现在我们可以使用电子邮件、像Facebook或Instagram这样的社交媒体，以及像WhatsApp这样的聊天应用。根据“can”可知，情态动词后接动词原形，use“使用”，动词。故填use。 94．句意：不同国家的人可以马上交谈。根据“different”可知，此处应用名词复数形式，country的复数为countries，意为“国家”。故填countries。 95．句意：例如，美国的一名学生可以与澳大利亚的一名老师进行视频聊天，询问功课。根据“a student in the US can have a video chat...a teacher in Australia”可知，此处表达的是美国的一名学生可以与澳大利亚的一名老师进行视频聊天，have a video chat with sb.“与某人进行视频聊天”。故填with。 96．句意：使用谷歌，我们可以找到各种各样的信息。根据“all...of information”可知，此处应用名词复数形式，kind的复数为kinds，all kinds of“各种各样的”。故填kinds。 97．句意：我们可以在家学习，变得更聪明。根据“We can study at home...get smarter.”可知，前后句之间是并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 98．句意：在商业方面，现在购物非常容易。根据“In business...is so easy now.”以及后文“Amazon lets us buy things from all over.”可知，此处表达的是在商业方面，现在购物非常容易，shopping“购物”，名词，在句中作主语。故填shopping。 99．句意：有时我们的个人信息可能会被盗，这很糟糕。根据“personal information”可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，we的形容词性物主代词为our，意为“我们的”。故填our。 100．句意：尽管如此，互联网还是做了很多好事，并将继续使我们的世界变得不同，变得更好。根据“different and...”可知，此处应用形容词比较级形式，good的比较级为better，意为“更好的”。故填better。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $