Unit 2 Getting along.语法精讲精练2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

该初中英语知识清单聚焦外研版八上Unit 2现在完成时（二）的延续用法，涵盖since/for区别、have been to/gone to辨析、现在完成时与一般过去时界限及非延续性动词转换四大知识范畴，搭建从基础用法到难点突破的递进式学习支架。 清单通过表格对比（如since/for时间点与时间段、been to/gone to现场状态）、易错警示（“时间段用for，时间点用since”）及分层练习（单选、填空、句型转换）呈现知识体系，设计“非延续性动词转换口诀”（如“买have、借keep”），培养学生语言能力和思维品质，教师可精准教学，学生能高效自主复习。

外研版 八上 Unit 2 Getting along.语法精讲精练 —— 现在完成时（二）：since/for、been to/gone to 与延续性动词 —— 使用说明 本讲承接「现在完成时（一）」，聚焦现在完成时的「延续用法」：动作或状态从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，重点突破 since 与 for 的区别、have been to 与 have gone to 的辨析、现在完成时与一般过去时的界限，以及中考难点——非延续性动词（终止性动词）与时间段连用时如何转换为延续性表达。配套三类分层练习，答案与解析统一附于文末。 第一讲 知识精讲 一、延续用法：动作或状态从过去持续到现在 现在完成时可表示某一行为或状态从过去某时间开始，一直持续到现在（往往还将继续），常与 since、for 引导的时间状语连用，谓语要用延续性动词或表示状态的词。 （一）since 的两种用法 词性 用法 时态搭配 例句 连词 since + 时间状语从句（从句用一般过去时） 主句现在完成时 + since + 主语 + 过去式 She has been busy since she got the job. 自从得到那份工作，她就一直很忙。 介词 since + 过去的时间点 现在完成时 + since + 时间点 We have been here since twenty years ago. 自从二十年前我们就一直在这里。 Great changes have taken place here since you left. 自从你离开后，这里发生了巨大变化。（since 连词，left 一般过去时） （二）for 的用法：for + 一段时间 for 后接「时间段」（表示持续了多久），for 本身无特定含义；只要动作或状态持续到现在（包含现在在内），for 引导的时间状语就用于现在完成时。 Mr Green has taught in China for five years. 格林先生在中国教书已经五年了。 比较 后接内容 示例 since 时间「点」（过去某时刻/从句） since 2015；since last week；since he came for 时间「段」（持续长度） for five years；for two hours；for a long time 【易错警示】时间段前用 for，时间点前用 since；「since + 时间段 + ago」整体相当于 for + 时间段：since two years ago = for two years。 （三）对 since/for 时间状语提问：How long 现在完成时中，对 since 或 for 引导的时间状语提问，用 How long（多久），回答用 for + 时间段或 since + 时间点。 —How long have you been in the club? —For two months. / Since two months ago. ——你在这个俱乐部多久了？——两个月了。 It has been three years since he moved here. = He has lived here for three years. 他搬到这儿已经三年了。（It has been + 时间段 + since 从句） 二、have been to 与 have gone to（高频辨析） 结构 含义 人是否在现场 例句 have/has been to 曾经去过某地，现在已经回来；后可接次数（once/twice/...times） 已返回，人在本地 Astronauts have already been to the moon. 宇航员已去过月球。My friend Jack has been to Beijing twice. 杰克去过北京两次。 have/has gone to 到某地去了，说话时人可能在去的路上或已到那里（未回） 不在现场 Mr Wang isn't here. He has gone to Qingdao. 王先生不在，他去青岛了。 have/has been in 一直待在某地（持续状态，可与 for/since 连用） 仍在该地 He has been in Shanghai for a week. 他在上海待了一周了。 【易错警示】① 人已经回来、谈「经历/次数」用 been to；人不在现场、「去了没回」用 gone to；表示「在某地待了多久」用 been in。② have been to/gone to 后接地点副词 here/there/home/abroad 时省略 to。 三、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 比较项 现在完成时 一般过去时 侧重点 过去动作对现在的影响、过去的经历，或动作持续到现在（与现在有关） 只表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，与现在无关 时间状语 already, yet, ever, never, just, so far, for/since, recently, before yesterday, last week, ...ago, just now, in 2010, at that time（明确过去时间） 例句 I have had lunch already. I'm full now. 我已吃过午饭，现在饱了。 Last night I didn't sleep well. 昨晚我没睡好。（只说昨晚，与现在无关） 【易错警示】句中只要出现明确的过去时间状语（yesterday、last...、...ago、just now、in + 过去年份），就只能用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时。如 I saw him yesterday.（不说 *I have seen him yesterday.） 四、非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换（中考难点） 终止性动词（非延续性动词、短暂性动词）表示的动作瞬间完成、不能延续，因此不能与 for/since 等表示一段时间的状语连用，必须转换为意思相近的延续性表达（be + 形容词/副词/介词/名词等），才能与时间段连用。 非延续性动词 延续性表达 非延续性动词 延续性表达 buy 买 have 拥有 borrow 借入 keep 保留 open 打开 be open 开着 close 关闭 be closed 关着 begin/start 开始 be on 进行中 finish/end/stop 结束 be over 结束 die 死 be dead 去世（状态） catch a cold 感冒 have a cold 感冒（状态） come/arrive 来 be here 在这儿 go/leave 离开 be away (from) 离开（状态） join 加入 be in / be a member of put on 穿上 wear/be in 穿着 get up 起床 be up 起床（状态） wake up 醒来 be awake 醒着 fall asleep 入睡 be asleep 睡着 marry 结婚 be married 已婚 become 成为 be 是 return/come back 返回 be back 回来 他参军两年了：He joined the army two years ago. = He has been in the army for two years. join 是非延续性动词，不能说 *has joined for two years，要换成 has been in。 他爷爷去世十年了：His grandpa died ten years ago. = His grandpa has been dead for ten years. die 换成 be dead 状态。 【易错警示】转换口诀：「买 have、借 keep、死 be dead、离开 be away、开始 be on、结束 be over、参加 be in、睡着 be asleep」。非延续性动词的否定式可以与时间段连用（动作不发生是可延续的）：I haven't seen him for ages. 五、典型例题精讲 【例1】My English teacher ______ in our school since 2018. A. teaches B. taught C. has taught D. is teaching 【答案】C 【解析】since 2018 表示从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时 has taught，故选 C。 【例2】—Where is your deskmate? —He ______ the teachers' office. He'll be back soon. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. went 【答案】B 【解析】人不在现场、去了还没回来，用 has gone to，故选 B。 【例3】I ______ this bike for three years and it still works well. A. bought B. have bought C. have had D. buy 【答案】C 【解析】for three years 是时间段，buy 为非延续性动词，要换成延续性 have，用 have had，故选 C。 【例4】—______ have you learned to play the piano? —For about five years. A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How far 【答案】B 【解析】答语 for + 时间段表持续多久，用 How long 提问，故选 B。 【例5】The meeting ______ for ten minutes. Everyone is listening carefully. A. has begun B. has started C. has been on D. began 【答案】C 【解析】for ten minutes 时间段，begin/start 为非延续性动词，换成 be on，用 has been on，故选 C。 第二讲 综合演练 题型一 单项选择（每小题1分，共15分） 1. My English teacher ______ in our school since 2018. A. teaches B. taught C. has taught D. is teaching 2. —______ have you learned to play the piano? —For about five years. A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How far 3. My deskmate isn't in the classroom. He ______ the teachers' office. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. went 4. —Where is Lily? —She ______ the library and she'll be back soon. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been D. goes 5. I ______ this bike for three years. It still works well. A. bought B. have bought C. have had D. buy 6. His grandfather ______ for ten years. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. dies 7. We have been good friends ______ we first met ten years ago. A. for B. since C. when D. while 8. The meeting ______ for ten minutes. Please be quick. A. has begun B. has started C. has been on D. began 9. —______ you ever ______ to Hainan? —Yes, twice. A. Have; gone B. Have; been C. Did; go D. Do; go 10. My brother ______ the army for two years. A. joined B. has joined C. has been in D. joins 11. I ______ this book ______ two weeks. I have to return it tomorrow. A. borrowed; for B. have kept; for C. have borrowed; since D. kept; since 12. It ______ three years since he ______ to our city. A. is; moves B. has been; moved C. was; moves D. has; move 13. —Do you know that movie? —Of course. I ______ it last month. A. have seen B. saw C. see D. will see 14. They ______ Shanghai for a week on business. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. went to 15. The little girl ______ since she lay down half an hour ago. A. fell asleep B. has fallen asleep C. has been asleep D. sleeps 题型二 for/since 填空与动词适当形式填空（每小题1分，共14分） A. 用 for 或 since 填空（6分） 1. ______ three years 2. ______ 2020 3. ______ I was a little child 4. ______ two whole hours 5. ______ last winter holiday 6. ______ quite a long time B. 用所给动词的适当形式填空（8分） 7. The old man ______ (be dead) for three years. 8. I ______ (have) this watch since 2019. 9. The English class ______ (be on) for twenty minutes. 10. He ______ (be in) the school football club since last term. 11. They ______ (know) each other for ten years. 12. She ______ (be away from) her hometown for five years. 13. My father isn't here. He ______ (go) to Beijing on business. 14. —How long ______ you ______ (stay) in this town? —Since last Friday. 题型三 完成句子 / 句型转换（每小题2分，共10题） A. 根据汉语意思完成句子（1—5题，每空一词） 1. 自从两年前他就离开家乡了。 He ______ ______ ______ ______ his hometown since two years ago. 2. 这辆自行车我买了三年了。 I ______ ______ this bike ______ three years. 3. 你哥哥去图书馆了，他一小时后回来。 Your brother ______ ______ ______ the library. He will be back in an hour. 4. 我曾经去过西安两次。 I ______ ______ ______ Xi'an twice. 5. 这部电影已经开始十分钟了。 The film ______ ______ ______ for ten minutes. B. 句型转换（6—10题，每空一词） 6. He bought the car five years ago.（用 for five years 改写为现在完成时） He ______ ______ the car ______ five years. 7. The old man died ten years ago.（用 for ten years 改为同义句） The old man ______ ______ ______ for ten years. 8. She has taught English since 2015.（对划线部分 since 2015 提问） ______ ______ ______ she ______ English? 9. Tom went to Beijing and he is still there.（用 have gone to 改写为一句） Tom ______ ______ ______ Beijing. 10. I have been to the Great Wall three times.（对划线部分 three times 提问） ______ ______ ______ have you been to the Great Wall? 答案与解析 题型一 单项选择 1. 【答案】C 【解析】since 2018 持续到现在，用现在完成时 has taught 2. 【答案】B 【解析】for + 时间段提问用 How long 3. 【答案】B 【解析】人不在、去了未回用 has gone to 4. 【答案】B 【解析】will be back 说明去了未回，has gone to 5. 【答案】C 【解析】for three years 时间段，buy 换延续性 have，have had 6. 【答案】C 【解析】die 非延续，换 be dead，has been dead 7. 【答案】B 【解析】since 连词引导从句（met 一般过去时） 8. 【答案】C 【解析】begin/start 非延续，换 be on，has been on 9. 【答案】B 【解析】去过且接次数 twice，用 have been to 10. 【答案】C 【解析】join 非延续，换 be in，has been in 11. 【答案】B 【解析】borrow 换 keep，for two weeks 时间段，have kept 12. 【答案】B 【解析】It has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时 moved 13. 【答案】B 【解析】last month 明确过去时间，用一般过去时 saw 14. 【答案】A 【解析】在上海待了一周（持续），用 have been in 15. 【答案】C 【解析】fall asleep 非延续，换 be asleep，has been asleep 题型二 for/since 与适当形式填空 A. for / since 1. 【答案】For 【解析】three years 是时间段，用 for 2. 【答案】Since 【解析】2020 是过去时间点，用 since 3. 【答案】Since 【解析】后接从句 I was...，since 作连词 4. 【答案】For 【解析】two hours 时间段，用 for 5. 【答案】Since 【解析】last holiday 过去时间点，用 since 6. 【答案】For 【解析】a long time 时间段，用 for B. 适当形式填空 7. 【答案】has been dead 【解析】die 换 be dead，for three years，单数 has 8. 【答案】have had 【解析】buy 换 have，since 2019，I 用 have had 9. 【答案】has been on 【解析】begin 换 be on，class 单数 has 10. 【答案】has been in 【解析】join 换 be in，since last term 11. 【答案】have known 【解析】know 本身是延续性动词，直接用现在完成时 12. 【答案】has been away from 【解析】leave 换 be away from，for five years 13. 【答案】has gone to 【解析】人不在、去了北京，has gone to 14. 【答案】have; stayed/been 【解析】How long 持续提问，you 用 have stayed/been 题型三 完成句子 / 句型转换 1. 【答案】has been away from 【解析】leave 换 be away from，since 时间段，单数 has 2. 【答案】have had; for 【解析】buy 换 have；three years 时间段用 for 3. 【答案】has gone to 【解析】去了未回 has gone to 4. 【答案】have been to 【解析】去过已回、接次数 twice，用 have been to 5. 【答案】has been on 【解析】begin 换 be on，film 单数 has 6. 【答案】has had; for 【解析】bought 过去式→延续 have had；时间段用 for 7. 【答案】has been dead 【解析】died 换 be dead 状态，for ten years 8. 【答案】How long has; taught 【解析】对 since 2015 持续时间提问用 How long，has 提前 9. 【答案】has gone to 【解析】去了仍在那里，用 has gone to 10. 【答案】How many times 【解析】对次数 three times 提问用 How many times 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $