Unit 2 Getting along - Understanding ideas 导学案 2026-2027学年英语外研版八年级上册

该初中英语导学案围绕Unit 2 Getting along的阅读课展开，聚焦核心词汇lively、return等及短语since then、so...that...等，通过课前词汇短语预习与课堂语言点讲解搭建学习支架，引导学生梳理《自私的巨人》情节脉络，理解“分享带来快乐”的主题。 资料亮点在于结合中考改编题设计当堂检测，强化词汇语境运用与阅读策略培养，通过情节梳理与主题感悟提升学生语言能力和思维品质，拓展提升环节的写作与启发思考任务，助力学生形成自主学习策略，落实人与社会主题的情感教育。

Unit 2 Getting along - Understanding ideas 导学案 2026-2027学年英语外研版八年级上册 课题 Unit 2 Getting along · Understanding ideas 课型 阅读课 Reading（Understanding ideas） 年级 八年级上册 课时 第 2 课时（Understanding ideas） 教材 外研版（2025秋版）《英语》八年级上册（Unit 2，课本 p.20–22） 主题 人与社会——人际交往（Getting along with others） 学习目标 1. 掌握本课时核心词汇 lively、return、message、nor、shout、selfish、garden、spring、autumn、golden、fruit、hole、wall、afraid 等的音、形、义，能根据语境正确拼写和运用。 2. 掌握并运用 since then、so...that...、neither...nor...、knock down、cover...with...、hear sb. doing sth.、be afraid of、at last 等短语和句型。（课本 p.20–22） 3. 读懂课文 The Selfish Giant（《自私的巨人》），能梳理故事情节的发展脉络（Beginning → Rising action → Climax → Ending），理解“分享带来快乐”的主题。（课本 p.20–22） 4. 能根据课文完成阅读笔记（reading chart），并就故事寓意发表自己的观点。（课本 p.22） 重点难点 【教学重点】核心词汇与短语的语境运用；读懂课文并梳理故事情节的发展脉络。 【教学难点】理解课文寓意 Shared joy is a double joy（分享的快乐是双倍的快乐），感悟“与人分享”这一主题。 课前预习 【词汇预习】熟记下列单词的词性与词义。 1. lively adj. 充满活力的 —— The garden is lively again.（花园又充满了活力。） 2. return v. 返回 —— The Giant has been away for a long time. One day, he comes back.（return = come back）（课本 p.26） 3. message n. 消息 —— leave a message（留言） 4. nor conj. 也不 —— But spring never comes, nor summer.（但是春天从不来了，夏天也没有来。）（课本 p.26） 5. shout v. 呼喊 —— he shouts in a very angry voice.（他用非常愤怒的声音呼喊。）（课本 p.26） 6. selfish adj. 自私的 —— “How selfish I've been!” he says.（“我真是太自私了！”他说。）（课本 p.26） 7. garden n. 花园 —— The children play in the Giant's garden.（孩子们在巨人的花园里玩耍。）（课本 p.26） 8. spring n. 春天 —— Since then, spring hasn't come to his garden.（从那时起，春天就没来过他的花园。）（课本 p.26） 【短语预习】熟记下列短语。 9. since then 从那时起（常与现在完成时连用） 10. so...that... 如此……以至于…… 11. neither...nor... 既不……也不…… 12. knock down 撞倒 13. cover...with... 用……盖住…… 14. hear sb. doing sth. 听到某人正在做某事 15. be afraid of 害怕 16. at last 最后 课堂导学 【语言点 1】核心词汇 lively /ˈlaɪvli/ adj. 充满活力的：The garden is lively again.（花园又充满了活力。）lively 是形容词，意为“充满活力的，生机勃勃的”。 return /rɪˈtɜːn/ v. 返回：The Giant has been away for a long time. One day, he comes back.（巨人离开很久后回来了。）return 意为“返回”，相当于 come back / go back。 nor /nɔː(r)/ conj. 也不：But spring never comes, nor summer.（但是春天从不来了，夏天也没有来。）（课本 p.26）nor 意为“也不”，常与 neither 构成 neither...nor... 结构。 shout /ʃaʊt/ v. 呼喊：He shouts in a very angry voice.（他用非常愤怒的声音呼喊。）（课本 p.26）shout 意为“呼喊，大声说”。 selfish /ˈselfɪʃ/ adj. 自私的：“How selfish I've been!” he says.（“我真是太自私了！”他说。）（课本 p.26） 【语言点 2】核心短语与句型 since then 从那时起，常与现在完成时连用。Since then, he hasn't seen a child there.（从那时起，他再没在那儿见过一个孩子。）（课本 p.26） so...that... 如此……以至于……：The trees are so glad that they have covered themselves with flowers.（树如此高兴，以至于身上开满了花。）（课本 p.26）注意：so 修饰形容词或副词，such 修饰名词。 neither...nor... 既不……也不……：The weather here is neither hot nor cold.（这里的天气既不热也不冷。） knock down 撞倒：He knocks down the wall.（他撞倒了墙。）（课本 p.26） cover...with... 用……盖住……：You can cover the baby with this coat.（你可以用这件外套盖住那个婴儿。） hear sb. doing sth. 听到某人正在做某事：Just now I heard some birds singing in the trees.（刚才我听到一些鸟儿正在树上唱歌。） be afraid of 害怕：I am very afraid of spiders.（我非常害怕蜘蛛。） at last 最后：At last, they reached the top of the hill.（最后，他们到达了山顶。） 【语言点 3】阅读策略：故事情节梳理（课本 p.22） 课文 The Selfish Giant 讲述了巨人从自私地驱赶孩子、筑墙封锁花园，到最终认识到自己的自私、推倒围墙、与孩子们分享花园的故事。可按照 Beginning → Rising action → Climax → Ending 的脉络梳理故事情节。（课本 p.22） 【语言点 4】课文主题理解（课本 p.22） 课文主旨：Shared joy is a double joy.（分享的快乐是双倍的快乐。）（课本 p.22 Activity 3） 关键句：“How selfish I've been! Now I know why spring wouldn't come here.”（“我真是太自私了！现在我知道为什么春天不愿来了。”）（课本 p.26，注意现在完成时 have been） 当堂检测 Ⅰ. 从方框中选出合适的词并用其适当形式填空，使句子完整、连贯。 方框：lively, return, message, nor, shout 1. (2025陕西中考改编) When the headmaster read out first prize, everyone jumped up and ____________ with joy. 2. (2025福建中考改编) By the time they got on the bus to ___________ home, Mary was very tired. 3. The weather here is neither hot ________ cold. It's pleasant to live here. 4. Mike is not at home right now. You can leave him a ____________. I will tell him as soon as he comes back. 5. (2025甘肃白银中考改编) After three years' efforts, the trees he planted are now growing well in the desert, turning the land green and ___________. Ⅱ. 单项填空。 6. I don't like spiders at all. To be honest, I am very ______ them. I think they are quite scary. A. busy with　　B. excited about　　C. afraid of　　D. pleased with 7. (2025江苏常州中考改编) Since then, Dunn ______ groups of fatherless kids fishing almost every weekend. A. will take　　B. took　　C. is taking　　D. has taken 8. (2025贵州中考改编) That's why some of the children were ______ excited ______ they could not fall asleep the night before! A. such; that　　B. so; that　　C. too; to　　D. enough; to Ⅲ. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。 9. (2025四川乐山中考改编) 最后，他们到达了山顶。 _______ _________, they reached the top of the hill. 10. 它生气了，并撞倒了墙。 It got angry and it _____________ _________ the wall. 11. 刚才我听到一些鸟儿正在树上唱歌。 Just now I __________ some birds ____________ in the trees. 12. 从那时起，迈克就一直住在伦敦。 Mike has lived in London ___________ _________. 13. 你可以用这个外套盖住那个婴儿。 You can __________ the baby _________ this coat. Ⅳ. 阅读理解 【人与社会·人际交往】(2026山东济南市中区期中改编) 　　Friendship is like a beautiful painting, with each friend adding a different color to it. I have three special friends, and they are all unique(独特的) in their own ways. 　　Tom is the most energetic one. He is faster than anyone else I know in running. Whenever there is a sports meeting at school, he always wins first prize. His spirit is always influencing others, and being with him makes me feel full of vitality. 　　Lily is the kindest girl in our class. She is always ready to help others. Once I was really worried about my math homework, and she spent an hour patiently explaining the problems to me. Thanks to her help, I made great progress in math. 　　And then there is Jack, who is the most humorous. He can always come up with the funniest jokes. One day in the classroom, he told a joke that made everyone laugh. With him around, there is never a boring moment. 　　We often do things together. On weekends, we might go to the library to read books or play basketball in the park. When I face difficulties, they are always by my side to support me. I think I am the luckiest person in the world to have such wonderful friends, and our friendship will surely last forever. 14. What does the underlined word “vitality” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Connection.　　B. Pleasure.　　C. Energy.　　D. Sunshine. 15. Why did the writer make progress in math? A. Because Tom studied with him after school. B. Because Lily helped him solve the problems. C. Because the teacher gave him some advice. D. Because he changed his mind about math. 16. 【特色考法·段落大意题】What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A. Jack is good at telling jokes.　　B. Jack likes to show off in class. C. The classroom is a fun place.　　D. Everyone loves funny stories. 17. 【特色考法·文章结构题】Which of the following shows the structure of this text? A. ①—②③④—⑤（总—分—总）　　B. ①—②—③—④—⑤ C. ①②—③④—⑤　　D. ①②③④—⑤ 18. What's the best title for this text? A. How to Make Friends　　B. Weekend Activities C. Wonderful School Life　　D. My Three Special Friends Ⅴ. 短文填空 【人与社会·人际交往】(2026河南郑州十九中教育集团期中改编) 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 方框：happy, friend, become, different, so, except, make, interest, surprise, she 　　I came to a new school. Like me, a girl named Amy was also new to the class. 19 this, we had nothing in common. I was tall, but she was short. My hair was short and ugly, while 20 was long and beautiful. I was shy, but she was not. We were so 21. I didn't try to get close to her, but she wanted to be my friend. 　　One day, she invited me to her house. I was 22 because I never thought she would invite me to play. Although I wasn't familiar with(熟悉) her, I didn't want to lose a chance to play. 23 I decided to accept her invitation. 　　When I came to her house, she took out a large box of toys. Then we sat on the floor and 24 up funny stories about these toys. On that day, I discovered we had the same 25 — writing. And we both dreamed of being writers. 　　Amy was a very popular girl. She could get on well with everybody. All the neighbours in her community liked her. Soon I went into her world. I met her 26 and got to know them one by one. I also got to know her neighbours. We played together and spent every moment 27. 　　Amy was my first real friend. She taught me an amazing thing about making friends: the person who looks very different from you may 28 your best friend. 19.___________ 20._______ 21.___________ 22.___________ 23._______ 24._________ 25.__________ 26.___________ 27.____________ 28.___________ 拓展提升 1. 完成课本 p.22 Activity 3/4：选择课文最佳概括并补全阅读笔记（reading chart），回答关于巨人态度变化的问题。 2. 用本课时核心词汇和短语（lively、return、nor、shout、selfish、since then、so...that...、knock down）各造一个句子，围绕“分享带来快乐”主题写一段约 60 词的小短文。 3. 从“巨人从自私到分享的转变”角度思考，谈谈你从 The Selfish Giant 故事中得到的启发。 参考答案与解析 Ⅰ. 1. shouted　2. return　3. nor　4. message　5. lively 1. 解析：句意为“校长宣读一等奖时，大家都高兴地跳起来欢呼”，everyone jumped up and 后需填动词过去式，shout 的过去式为 shouted。 2. 解析：句意为“当他们上公交车回家时，Mary 很累了”，to 后接动词原形，故填 return。 3. 解析：neither...nor... 意为“既不……也不……”，故填 nor。 4. 解析：句意为“Mike 现在不在家，你可以给他留个口信”，leave a message 意为“留言”，故填 message。 5. 解析：句意为“三年后，他种的树在沙漠里长势良好，使土地变绿、充满活力”，turning the land green and 后需填形容词，lively 意为“充满活力的”，符合题意。 Ⅱ. 6. C　7. D　8. B 6. 解析：根据“我觉得它们相当可怕”可知，此处表示“我非常害怕蜘蛛”，be afraid of 意为“害怕”，符合题意。 7. 解析：根据 Since then 可知，此处的时态是现在完成时，has taken 符合题意。 8. 解析：此处表示“这就是为什么一些孩子会如此兴奋，以至于在前一晚都无法入睡”，so...that... 意为“如此……以至于……”，符合题意。易错警示：本题容易误选 A 项，误选的原因是混淆了 so 和 such 的用法。so...that... 和 such...that... 都可引导结果状语从句，但 so 用来修饰形容词或副词，such 则用来修饰名词。句中的 excited 是形容词，因此其前不能用 such，故选项 A 是错误的答案。 Ⅲ. 9. At; last　10. knocked; down　11. heard; singing　12. since; then　13. cover; with 9. 解析：“最后”对应 at last，故填 At; last。 10. 解析：“撞倒”对应 knock down，时态为一般过去时，故填 knocked; down。 11. 解析：hear sb. doing sth. 意为“听到某人正在做某事”，时态为一般过去时，故填 heard; singing。 12. 解析：“从那时起”对应 since then，常与现在完成时连用，故填 since; then。 13. 解析：cover...with... 意为“用……盖住……”，故填 cover; with。 Ⅳ. 14. C　15. B　16. A　17. A　18. D 【语篇解读】本文作者主要介绍了自己的三个特别的朋友，表达了自己对友谊的珍视。 14. 解析：词义猜测题。根据“Tom is the most energetic one...His spirit is always influencing others”可知，此处表示“和他在一起让我感觉充满活力”。vitality 意为“生命力；活力”，与 energy 含义相近。故选 C。 15. 解析：细节理解题。根据“Once...she spent an hour patiently explaining the problems to me. Thanks to her help, I made great progress in math.”可知，作者在数学上取得进步是因为 Lily 给他提供了帮助。故选 B。 16. 解析：段落大意题。通读第四段可知，本段主要介绍了 Jack 非常幽默，擅长讲笑话。故选 A。 17. 解析：文章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出话题；第二、三、四段分别介绍了三个朋友；第五段总结全文，因此本文是“总—分—总”的结构。故选 A。技巧点拨：文章结构题考查文章的整体结构，文章通常是“总—分”或“总—分—总”的结构。 18. 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文作者主要介绍了自己的三个特别的朋友，故选项 D“我的三个特别的朋友”是最合适的标题。 Ⅴ. 19. Except　20. hers　21. different　22. surprised　23. So　24. made　25. interest　26. friends　27. happily　28. become 【语篇解读】本文作者讲述了自己与最好的朋友 Amy 之间的友谊故事。 19. 解析：前文描述了二人的相同点（都是新生），后文描述了二人诸多不同点，由此可知，此处表示“除了这一点，我们没有共同之处”。except 意为“除了”，句首单词的首字母要大写，故填 Except。 20. 解析：根据“My hair was short and ugly”可知，此处表示“她的头发又长又漂亮”，设空处作主语，要用名词性物主代词，hers（她的）符合题意。 21. 解析：此处表示“我们是如此不同”，different（不同的）符合题意。 22. 解析：根据“because I never thought she would invite me to play”可知，此处表示“我很惊讶”。表示人的情感要用 -ed 结尾的形容词，surprised（惊讶的）符合题意。 23. 解析：前文提到“尽管我不熟悉她，但我不想失去一个玩的机会”，后文提到“我决定接受她的邀请”，前后内容是因果关系（前因后果），且句首单词的首字母要大写，So 符合题意。 24. 解析：此处表示“编造关于这些玩具的有趣故事”，make up 意为“编造”，此处时态是一般过去时，谓语动词要用过去式，made 符合题意。 25. 解析：根据“And we both dreamed of being writers.”可知，此处表示“我发现我们有相同的兴趣”，interest（兴趣）符合题意。 26. 解析：根据“Soon I went into her world.”和“got to know them one by one”可知，此处表示“我见了她的朋友们”，要用 friend（朋友）的复数形式，friends 符合题意。 27. 解析：此处表示“我们一起玩耍，快乐地度过每一刻”，设空处修饰动词 spent，要用副词，happily（快乐地）符合题意。 28. 解析：此处表示“那个看起来和你很不一样的人可能会成为你最好的朋友”，情态动词 may 后要用动词原形，become（成为）符合题意。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $