内容正文:
Unit 2 Getting along - Grammar 导学案
2026-2027学年英语外研版八年级上册
课题
Unit 2 Getting along · Grammar
课型
语法课 Grammar
年级
八年级上册
课时
第 3 课时(Grammar)
教材
外研版(2025秋版)《英语》八年级上册(Unit 2,课本 p.23–24)
主题
人与社会——人际交往(Getting along with others)
学习目标
1. 掌握现在完成时的构成(have/has + 过去分词)和基本用法,能根据语境正确运用。
2. 区分 for 和 since 的用法:for + 一段时间,since + 时间点/从句。(课本 p.23)
3. 掌握 plan to do sth.、offer to do sth.、give away、be stressed 等词汇和短语。(课本 p.23)
4. 能在语篇中正确运用现在完成时描述分享的故事。(课本 p.23 Activity 7)
重点难点
【教学重点】现在完成时的构成与用法;for 与 since 的区别。
【教学难点】延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换(如 leave → be away);在语篇中正确运用现在完成时。
课前预习
【词汇预习】熟记下列单词的词性与词义。
1. offer v. 主动提供,提出 —— offer to do sth.(主动提出做某事)
2. stressed adj. 有压力的 —— be/feel stressed(感到有压力的)
3. recently adv. 最近 —— I've had a problem recently.(我最近遇到了一个问题。)
4. plan v. 计划 —— plan to do sth.(计划做某事)
5. enjoy v. 享受 —— enjoy doing sth.(享受做某事)
【短语预习】熟记下列短语。
6. for + 一段时间(如 for three years)
7. since + 时间点(如 since last year)
8. plan to do sth. 计划做某事
9. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
10. give away 捐赠,赠送
11. be stressed 感到有压力的
12. since then 从那时起
13. have been away 已经离开(延续性表达)
课堂导学
【语言点 1】语法聚焦:现在完成时(课本 p.23)
构成:have/has + 过去分词。表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或表示从过去某时开始持续到现在的动作或状态。
课本例句:The Giant has been away for a long time.(巨人已经离开了很长时间。)(课本 p.23 Activity 5a)
课本例句:Since then, he hasn't seen a child there.(从那时起,他再没在那儿见过一个孩子。)(课本 p.23 Activity 5a)
【语言点 2】for 与 since 的区别(课本 p.23)
for + 一段时间:We have been friends for three years.(我们做朋友已经三年了。)
since + 时间点:Since last year, we've shared a lot of happy moments.(从去年起,我们分享了许多快乐的时光。)(课本 p.23 Activity 6)
since 引导的从句用一般过去时:Many of them have become his friends since they first met.(自从他们初次见面后,许多人成了他的朋友。)(课本 p.23 Activity 7)
【语言点 3】延续性动词与非延续性动词(课本 p.23)
非延续性动词(如 leave, die, buy, join, borrow)不能与 for/since 连用,需转换为延续性表达:leave → be away, die → be dead, buy → have, join → be in, borrow → keep。
例句:He has been away from the town for three years.(他已经离开这个镇三年了。)不能用 has left。
【语言点 4】课本阅读运用(课本 p.23 Activity 7)
Uncle Jimmy 的免费冰淇淋故事:The 74-year-old man has sold ice creams for the past 17 years. He has done this since his 70th birthday. Sharing has made me feel happy for the past four years.(课本 p.23)注意 for 和 since 的用法区别。
当堂检测
Ⅰ. 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. We planned ____________(have) lunch and then ride back home.
2. David was helpful. He offered ____________(give) his seat to an old lady.
3. My mother is very _____________(stress) these days because she's in charge of a large project.
4. (2025江苏无锡中考改编) Hey, Julie. I've had a problem _____________(recent). Can you help me?
Ⅱ. 单项填空。
5. David has lived in Beijing ______ five years. I have known him ______ three years ago.
A. for; since B. since; for C. since; since
6. He ______ from the town for three years.
A. left B. has left C. has been away
7. (2025福建中考) Since last year, our school ______ free breakfasts to students in need.
A. offered B. has offered C. was offering
Ⅲ. 根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。
8. 我在八年级的时候加入了游泳社团。
I joined the swimming club when I was in _______ _________.
9. 那位老人给贫困儿童捐赠了两千本书。
The old man has ___________ _________ two thousand books to the poor children.
10. 从那时起,我已经换过几个工作了。
I've changed several jobs ___________ _________.
11. 自从两千多年前,诗歌就已经是中国文化的一部分了。
Poetry _________ _______ part of Chinese culture __________ more than two thousand years ago.
Ⅳ. 语法选择
【人与社会·人际交往】(2026重庆西大附中期中改编)
My best friend, Lucy, is two years older than me. I 12 her for about three years. We always enjoy each other's company(陪伴).
Lucy has long, dark brown hair and her eyes are big and round. People often say she is beautiful and looks like a lovely doll. People often mistake me for the older one because she is shorter and slimmer than me. Once on a rainy day, when we were out together and I held 13 umbrella for her, someone made the same mistake again.
Lucy stays positive(乐观的) even 14 things don't go well. Last week she 15 her exam result which was not very good. I thought she would feel 16. Instead, she simply made up her mind to try harder next time. Then, every day after class, she often goes to the 17 office to ask them for help if they are available(有空的). As a result, her exam result this week is far better than 18 last time.
Lucy gets along well 19 others. Everyone in my family likes her. When you 20 her laugh, you will naturally laugh with her. When I feel unhappy, I will talk to Lucy and she always makes me feel much 21.
I think my friendship with Lucy is the most valuable. I hope we will always be best friends.
12. A. knew B. know C. have known
13. A. a B. an C. /
14. A. before B. because C. when
15. A. get B. gets C. got
16. A. sad B. sadly C. sadness
17. A. teacher's B. teachers' C. teachers
18. A. that B. those C. it
19. A. for B. with C. to
20. A. hears B. hear C. heard
21. A. good B. better C. best
拓展提升
1. 完成课本 p.23 Activity 6/7:用 for 或 since 填空,完成 Uncle Jimmy 的新闻报道。
2. 用现在完成时写一段约 50 词的小短文,描述你与一位朋友分享某物的经历,注意正确使用 for 和 since。
3. 完成课本 p.24 Activity 8:与同伴讨论分享的经历,运用现在完成时和 for/since。
参考答案与解析
Ⅰ.
1. to have 2. to give 3. stressed 4. recently
1. 解析:plan to do sth. 意为“计划做某事”,故填 to have。
2. 解析:offer to do sth. 意为“主动提出做某事”,故填 to give。
3. 解析:系动词 is 后接形容词作表语,stress 的形容词形式为 stressed(感到有压力的),故填 stressed。
4. 解析:修饰动词 have had 应用副词,recent 的副词形式为 recently,故填 recently。
Ⅱ.
5. A 6. C 7. B
5. 解析:five years 表示一段时间,第一空要用 for;three years ago 表示时间点,第二空要用 since。故选 A。
6. 解析:for three years 表示一段时间,要用表示延续性状态的短语 be away。故选 C。
7. 解析:根据 Since last year 可知,此处的时态是现在完成时。故选 B。
Ⅲ.
8. Grade; Eight/8 9. given; away 10. since; then 11. has; been; since
8. 解析:“八年级”对应 Grade Eight,故填 Grade; Eight/8。
9. 解析:“捐赠”对应 give away,has 后用过去分词 given,故填 given; away。
10. 解析:“从那时起”对应 since then,故填 since; then。
11. 解析:“自从……就”对应现在完成时 + since,Poetry 为不可数名词,用 has been,故填 has; been; since。
Ⅳ.
12. C 13. B 14. C 15. C 16. A 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. B 21. B
【语篇解读】本文作者主要介绍了自己的好朋友 Lucy。
12. 解析:根据 for about three years 可知,此处的时态是现在完成时,have known 符合题意。
13. 解析:此处表示泛指,要用不定冠词,umbrella 以元音音素开头,其前的不定冠词要用 an。
14. 解析:此处表示“甚至当事情进展得不顺利时,Lucy 也能保持乐观”,when(当……时)符合题意。
15. 解析:根据 Last week 可知,此处的时态是一般过去时,谓语动词要用过去式,got 符合题意。
16. 解析:此处表示“感到难过”,系动词 feel 后要用形容词,sad 符合题意。
17. 解析:此处表示“老师们的办公室”,要用名词复数的所有格形式,teachers' 符合题意。
18. 解析:此处表示“她这周的考试成绩比上次的好多了”,than 后要用 that 来指代同类事物中的特定一个,that 符合题意。
19. 解析:get along well with sb. 意为“和某人和睦相处”,with 符合题意。
20. 解析:根据语境可知,When 引导的时间状语从句的时态要用一般现在时,从句主语为 you,从句谓语动词要用原形,hear 符合题意。
21. 解析:much 后要用比较级,better 符合题意。
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