内容正文:
外研版 七上 Unit 6 Fantastic Friends.语法精讲精练
—— 现在进行时(同步基础版) ——
使用说明
现在进行时是七年级下册的核心时态,用来表示「此刻或现阶段正在发生的动作」,由「be 动词 + 动词-ing」构成。本讲严格对照教材思维导图,依次讲清现在进行时的三种基本用法、谓语构成、动词-ing 的四条变化规律和肯定/否定/疑问三大句式,并配套单项选择、动词变形与完成句子·句型转换三类分层练习,答案与解析统一附于文末,适合新授同步夯实。
第一讲 知识精讲
一、现在进行时的基本用法
用法1 表示此时此刻正在进行或发生的动作
说话的瞬间动作正在进行,常与 now(现在)、at the moment(此刻)、right now 等时间状语连用。
They are playing table tennis at the moment. 他们现在正在打乒乓球。
I am reading a novel now. 我现在正在读一本小说。
用法2 表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作
动作不一定在说话瞬间正在做,但在「these days(这些天)、this week(这周)、this term(这学期)」等当前阶段内持续进行。
I am learning dancing these days. 这些天我正在学习跳舞。
We are preparing for the sports meeting this week. 这周我们正在为运动会做准备。
用法3 句中有 Look! / Listen! 等提示语时,其后常用现在进行时
Look!(看!)、Listen!(听!)以唤起对方注意,说明动作正在发生,后面的句子用现在进行时。
Listen! Who is singing? 听!谁在唱歌?
Look! The children are flying kites. 看!孩子们正在放风筝。
【注】常见提示语还有:Be quiet!(安静!)、Hurry up!(快点!)、It's ... o'clock.(现在几点)等,都暗示动作正在进行。
二、现在进行时的构成:be + v.-ing
现在进行时由「be 动词 + 动词-ing(现在分词)」两部分构成,二者缺一不可。be 动词用 am、is 还是 are,完全由主语的人称和数决定。
主语
be 动词
谓语结构
例句
I
am
am + v.-ing
I am writing. 我正在写字。
he / she / it / 单数名词
is
is + v.-ing
He is running. 他正在跑步。
we / you / they / 复数名词
are
are + v.-ing
They are dancing. 他们正在跳舞。
【易错警示】be 动词和 -ing 缺一不可:不能说 *He running(缺 is),也不能说 *He is run(缺 -ing),必须说 He is running。
三、动词 -ing 形式(现在分词)的四条变化规律
规则
构成方法
示例
规则① 一般情况
动词后直接加 -ing
work→working;play→playing;read→reading;eat→eating;watch→watching
规则② 以不发音 e 结尾
去掉 e,再加 -ing
take→taking;make→making;write→writing;dance→dancing;have→having
规则③ 重读闭音节(辅元辅)结尾
末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该字母,再加 -ing
stop→stopping;run→running;sit→sitting;swim→swimming;begin→beginning
规则④ 以 ie 结尾
把 ie 变为 y,再加 -ing
die→dying;lie→lying;tie→tying
【易错警示】① 以 ee/ye 结尾的动词不去 e,直接加:see→seeing、play→playing。② 双写口诀「一辅一元又一辅,重读闭音节双写辅」:listen→listening(重音在前,不双写)、open→opening(不双写),别误双写。③ die→dying、lie→lying 是 ie 变 y,不是去 e。
四、现在进行时的三大句式
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + be + v.-ing + 其他.
He is writing a postcard. 他正在写一张明信片。
否定句
主语 + be + not + v.-ing + 其他.
He is not writing a postcard. 他没在写明信片。(is not = isn't)
一般疑问句
Be + 主语 + v.-ing + 其他?
Is he writing a postcard? 他正在写明信片吗?
肯定/否定回答
Yes, 主语 + be. / No, 主语 + be not.
Yes, he is. / No, he isn't. 是的。/不,没有。
特殊疑问句
疑问词 + be + 主语 + v.-ing + 其他?
What are you doing? 你在做什么?Where is he going?
【注】变否定句在 be 后加 not;变一般疑问句把 be 提到主语前;对「正在做的事」提问用 What ... doing?,对地点提问用 Where,be 动词随主语变化。
五、时间标志词小结
类型
标志词
此刻类
now, right now, at the moment, at present(此刻)
现阶段类
these days, this week, this term, this month
提示语类
Look! Listen! Be quiet! Hurry up! It's ... o'clock.
【易错警示】表示状态、情感、心理活动的动词一般不用现在进行时,如 know(知道)、like/love(喜欢)、want(想要)、have(拥有)、think(认为)等,要用一般现在时。如 I know him.(不说 *I am knowing him.)
六、典型例题精讲
【例1】Listen! Some birds ______ in the tree outside the window.
A. sing B. sings C. are singing D. is singing
【答案】C
【解析】Listen! 提示动作正在进行,用现在进行时;主语 birds 为复数,be 用 are,故选 C。
【例2】My deskmate ______ a model plane these days.
A. makes B. is making C. make D. made
【答案】B
【解析】these days 表现阶段正在进行,用现在进行时 is making,故选 B。
【例3】Look! The boy ______ after a cat. How happy he is!
A. run B. runs C. is runing D. is running
【答案】D
【解析】Look! 用现在进行时;run 是重读闭音节,双写 n 加 -ing,即 running,故选 D。
【例4】—______ your parents ______ TV now? —Yes, they are.
A. Do; watch B. Are; watching C. Is; watching D. Are; watch
【答案】B
【解析】now 用现在进行时,一般疑问句把 are 提前,主语 parents 复数用 are,后接 watching,故选 B。
【例5】Be quiet! The baby ______ in the bedroom.
A. sleeps B. sleep C. is sleeping D. are sleeping
【答案】C
【解析】Be quiet! 暗示正在发生,用现在进行时;主语 the baby 单数用 is sleeping,故选 C。
第二讲 综合演练
题型一 单项选择(每小题1分,共15分)
1. Listen! Someone ______ in the next room.
A. sing
B. sings
C. is singing
D. are singing
2. Look! The boys ______ football on the playground.
A. play
B. is playing
C. are playing
D. played
3. —What ______ you ______ these days? —I ______ to drive a car.
A. do; do; learn
B. are; doing; am learning
C. are; do; learn
D. do; doing; learning
4. Be quiet! The baby ______ in the room.
A. sleeps
B. slept
C. is sleeping
D. sleep
5. My sister ______ a book about Chinese history these days.
A. writes
B. is writing
C. write
D. wrote
6. It's 8 o'clock. The students ______ an English class.
A. have
B. having
C. is having
D. are having
7. —______ Tom ______ his homework now? —Yes, he is.
A. Does; do
B. Is; doing
C. Is; do
D. Does; doing
8. Don't make any noise. Grandma ______ in the bedroom.
A. read
B. reads
C. is reading
D. are reading
9. We ______ for the school bus at the moment.
A. wait
B. are waiting
C. waits
D. waited
10. —Where is your father? —He ______ the car in the yard.
A. washes
B. wash
C. is washing
D. are washing
11. The students ______ trees on the hill now. It's Tree Planting Day.
A. plant
B. planted
C. are planting
D. is planting
12. —Are they having lunch in the dining hall? —______.
A. Yes, they do
B. Yes, they are
C. No, they don't
D. Yes, they aren't
13. Someone ______ at the door. Please go and open it.
A. knock
B. knocks
C. is knocking
D. are knocking
14. My parents ______ TV now, but they usually ______ TV after dinner.
A. watch; watch
B. are watching; watch
C. watch; are watching
D. are watching; are watching
15. —What's that noise? —Oh, the neighbors ______ a party.
A. have
B. are having
C. is having
D. has
题型二 动词变形与适当形式填空(每小题1分,共15分)
A. 写出下列动词的 -ing 形式(8分)
1. work ______
2. take ______
3. run ______
4. lie ______
5. swim ______
6. write ______
7. sit ______
8. die ______
B. 用所给动词的适当形式填空(7分)
9. Look! The children ______ (play) games over there.
10. It's seven now. I ______ (get) dressed.
11. —______ your brother ______ (read) in the study? —No, he isn't.
12. Be careful! A car ______ (come) towards us.
13. We ______ (learn) Unit 3 these days.
14. Listen! The birds ______ (sing) happily in the tree.
15. My mother ______ (not cook) now. She ______ (clean) the floor.
题型三 完成句子 / 句型转换(每小题2分,共10题)
A. 根据汉语意思完成句子(1—5题,每空一词)
1. 听!谁正在隔壁房间唱歌?
Listen! Who ______ ______ in the next room?
2. 这些天我们正在为期中考试做准备。
We ______ ______ ______ the mid-term exam these days.
3. 看!孩子们正在操场上放风筝。
Look! The children ______ ______ ______ on the playground.
4. 他现在没在做作业,他正在写一封信。
He ______ ______ his homework now. He ______ ______ a letter.
5. 安静!你奶奶正在卧室里睡觉。
Be quiet! Your grandma ______ ______ in the bedroom.
B. 句型转换(6—10题,每空一词)
6. They are playing basketball on the playground.(改为否定句)
They ______ ______ basketball on the playground.
7. She is reading a storybook now.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
______ ______ ______ a storybook now? —______, ______ ______.
8. The students are having an English lesson.(对划线部分 having an English lesson 提问)
______ ______ the students ______?
9. Tom is playing computer games in his room.(对划线部分 in his room 提问)
______ ______ Tom ______ computer games?
10. I am writing an email to my friend.(用 they 替换 I 改写句子)
______ ______ an email to ______ friends.
答案与解析
题型一 单项选择
1. 【答案】C 【解析】Listen! 用现在进行时;someone 视为单数,用 is singing
2. 【答案】C 【解析】Look! 用现在进行时;boys 复数用 are playing
3. 【答案】B 【解析】these days 现阶段进行,完整结构 are...doing / am learning
4. 【答案】C 【解析】Be quiet! 暗示正在进行,baby 单数 is sleeping
5. 【答案】B 【解析】these days 用现在进行时 is writing
6. 【答案】D 【解析】It's 8 o'clock 此刻进行,students 复数 are having
7. 【答案】B 【解析】now 用现在进行时,Tom 单数,疑问句 Is...doing
8. 【答案】C 【解析】Don't make noise 暗示正在进行,Grandma 单数 is reading
9. 【答案】B 【解析】at the moment 此刻,we 用 are waiting
10. 【答案】C 【解析】问此刻在哪做什么,he 单数 is washing
11. 【答案】C 【解析】now 进行时,students 复数 are planting
12. 【答案】B 【解析】现在进行时一般疑问句,回答仍用 be:Yes, they are
13. 【答案】C 【解析】有人正在敲门,someone 单数 is knocking
14. 【答案】B 【解析】now 用进行时 are watching;usually 表习惯用一般现在时 watch
15. 【答案】B 【解析】此刻的声音,neighbors 复数 are having
题型二 动词变形与适当形式填空
A. -ing 形式
1. 【答案】working 【解析】一般情况直接加 -ing
2. 【答案】taking 【解析】以不发音 e 结尾,去 e 加 -ing
3. 【答案】running 【解析】重读闭音节双写 n 加 -ing
4. 【答案】lying 【解析】ie 结尾变 y 加 -ing
5. 【答案】swimming 【解析】重读闭音节双写 m 加 -ing
6. 【答案】writing 【解析】去 e 加 -ing
7. 【答案】sitting 【解析】双写 t 加 -ing
8. 【答案】dying 【解析】ie 变 y 加 -ing
B. 适当形式填空
9. 【答案】are playing 【解析】Look! 进行时,children 复数
10. 【答案】am getting 【解析】It's seven now 此刻,I 用 am;get 双写 t
11. 【答案】Is; reading 【解析】一般疑问句 is 提前,后接 reading
12. 【答案】is coming 【解析】Be careful 提示正在发生,单数 is coming
13. 【答案】are learning 【解析】these days 现阶段进行,we 用 are
14. 【答案】are singing 【解析】Listen! 进行时,birds 复数
15. 【答案】isn't cooking; is cleaning 【解析】now 进行时;否定 isn't cooking,后句 is cleaning
题型三 完成句子 / 句型转换
1. 【答案】is singing 【解析】Listen! 进行时,who 视为单数 is singing
2. 【答案】are preparing for 【解析】these days 进行时;prepare for 为……做准备
3. 【答案】are flying kites 【解析】Look! 进行时,children 复数;fly kites 放风筝
4. 【答案】isn't doing; is writing 【解析】否定 be not doing;后句肯定 is writing
5. 【答案】is sleeping 【解析】Be quiet 进行时,grandma 单数
6. 【答案】aren't playing 【解析】否定句在 are 后加 not,aren't = are not
7. 【答案】Is she reading; Yes; she is 【解析】一般疑问句 is 提前;肯定回答 Yes, she is
8. 【答案】What are; doing 【解析】对正在做的事提问用 What...doing?,students 复数 are
9. 【答案】Where is; playing 【解析】对地点 in his room 提问用 Where,Tom 单数 is
10. 【答案】They are; their 【解析】they 作主语 be 用 are;对应形容词性物主代词 their
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