Units 5～6（词汇综合练）英语新教材鲁教版五四学制八年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦“自然灾害”与“文化习俗”主题词汇，通过阶梯式题型构建从基础拼写至语境应用的词汇综合训练体系，融合语言能力与文化意识培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |根据汉语写单词|10小题|基础词汇拼写，结合新情境|核心词汇直接考查，建立音形义联系| |首字母提示写单词|10小题|语境猜词，强化词汇记忆|通过首字母线索巩固词汇应用| |单项选择|10小题|语法与词汇结合，考查语境运用|连接词汇与语法（如过去进行时）| |补全短文|10空|篇章层面词汇综合运用|主题词汇在语篇中的连贯使用| |语法填空|10空|词汇变形与语法规则结合|词汇与语法（时态、非谓语）融合| |核心短语默写|10小题|固定搭配强化，覆盖高频考点|提炼主题相关核心短语，构建知识网络|

专题03 Units 5~6（词汇综合练） （建议用时：40分钟） 一、根据汉语意思写出单词。 二、根据首字母提示写出单词。 三、单项选择。 四、用方框中所给的单词补全短文。 五、语法填空。 六、核心短语默写 一、根据汉语意思写出单词（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 1. 【新情境】Strong winds and heavy storms are common natural ________ (灾难) in coastal areas. 2. You must ________ (表现) politely when you visit foreign countries to show respect for local culture. 3. 【新情境】The sudden flood ________ (毁坏) many houses along the river last summer. 4. It’s a local ________ (习俗) to shake hands when people meet for the first time in China. 5. Please ________ (避免) talking loudly in public places in Western countries. 6.【新情境】 The heavy snow ________ (覆盖) all the mountains and roads yesterday morning. 7. Could you please ________ (解释) the differences between Chinese and Western table manners to me? 8. We should learn to stay calm when we face terrible natural ________ (状况). 9. 【新情境】It is important to ________ (尊重) different cultures all over the world. 10. The strong wind kept ________ (敲打) against the windows all night long. 二、根据首字母提示写出单词（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 1. When the typhoon arrived, trees fell down and everything was in a terrible m________ outside. 2. Different countries have different c________ rules about eating and greeting people. 3. The rain poured down so h________ that we couldn’t go out for the whole day. 4. You’d better not p________ at others with your chopsticks while having meals in Asia. 5. After the big storm, volunteers helped c________ up fallen leaves and branches on the streets. 6. Many foreigners will experience c________ shock when they first come to China. 7. The weather r________ says that there will be a heavy rainstorm this coming weekend. 8. He is u________ to eating Western food, so he always feels uncomfortable at Western dinners. 9. We usually s________ hands to greet each other when we meet new friends in most countries. 10. The guide s________ that we should take warm clothes when travelling to northern Europe in winter. 三、单项选择（共 10 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 1. —What were you doing when the typhoon came last night? —I ________ a book about different world cultures in my study. A. Read B. was reading C. am reading D. will read 2. You should learn about local customs ________ you travel abroad alone. A. instead of B. rather than C. before D. because of 3. The snow was much ________ than usual, so all highways were closed down. A. Heavy B. heavier C. heaviest D. the heaviest 4. Our teacher reminds us ________ rude to people from other countries. A. not be B. to not be C. not to be D. don’t be 5. She spent three weeks ________ the table manners of Western countries last month. A. Study B. studying C. to study D. studied 6. ________ you don’t understand foreign customs, you can ask local people for help politely. A. If B. Though C. Unless D. Until 7. People ________ quickly to close doors and windows when the strong wind arrived. A. Hurry B. hurried C. were hurrying D. are hurrying 8. We won’t truly understand culture differences ________ we experience them in person. A. When B. after C. until D. if 9. It’s ________ important to follow local manners when visiting other countries. A. Most B. the most C. more D. much 10. He ________ swim across the river when he was young, but now he can’t. A. used to B. is used to C. was used to D. used for 四、用方框中所给单词适当形式填空（每词限用一次，共 10 空，每空 1 分，满分 10 分） disaster, behave, destroy, custom, avoid, cover, explain, respect, heavy, sudden Nature has its own temper, and terrible natural 1.________ happen from time to time. Last winter, a 2.________ snow 3.________ the whole city overnight. The 4.________ heavy snow 5.________ many old houses. At that moment, I began to realize we must 6.________ nature all the time. Meanwhile, when we communicate with foreigners, we need to learn local 7.. We should 8. impolite acts and 9.________ ourselves properly. If others have questions, we can patiently 10.________ Chinese traditional culture to them. 五、语法填空（短文填空，每空一词或词形变换，10 空，每空 1.5 分，满分 15 分） Last Sunday, I went to England with my parents. While we 1.________ (walk) along the street, a light rain began to fall 2.________ (sudden). I felt excited 3.________ I knew little about British customs. My mom told me we must pay attention to our 4.________ (behave) in public. She 5.________ (explain) that British people hate loud noise indoors. We should avoid 6.________ (talk) loudly in restaurants. Besides, shaking hands 7.________ (be) the common way to greet strangers there. If we learn different cultures well, we 8.________ (get) on well with people from all over the world. And we will truly understand how important it is 9.________ (respect) different customs across different 10.________ (country). 六、核心短语默写（10 小题，每空 1 分，满分 10 分） 根据汉语写出英文短语 1. 自然灾害 ____________ 2. 一团糟 ____________ 3. 下大雨 / 大雪 ____________ 4. 指着 ____________ 5. 握手 ____________ 6. 文化冲击 ____________ 7. 习惯于做某事 ____________ 8. 避免做某事 ____________ 9. 向某人解释某事 ____________ 10. 过去进行时基本结构 ____________ 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 Units 5~6（词汇综合练） （建议用时：40分钟） 一、根据汉语意思写出单词。 二、根据首字母提示写出单词。 三、单项选择。 四、用方框中所给的单词补全短文。 五、语法填空。 六、核心短语默写 一、根据汉语意思写出单词（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 1.【新情境】 Strong winds and heavy storms are common natural ________ (灾难) in coastal areas. 【答案】disasters 【详解】one of / 可数名词复数常用语境；disaster 可数名词，灾难；natural disasters 自然灾害，Unit5 自然气象主题核心词汇，前面无冠词限定，表泛指用复数形式。 2. You must ________ (表现) politely when you visit foreign countries to show respect for local culture. 【答案】behave 【详解】情态动词 must 后接动词原形；behave 不及物动词，举止、表现；behave politely 举止得体，Unit6 跨文化礼仪必考单词。 3. 【新情境】The sudden flood ________ (毁坏) many houses along the river last summer. 【答案】destroyed 【详解】时间状语 last summer 判定一般过去时；destroy 动词，摧毁、毁坏，侧重自然灾害破坏事物，过去式 destroyed；辨析 break 多指小件物品打碎。 4. It’s a local ________ (习俗) to shake hands when people meet for the first time in China. 【答案】custom 【详解】不定冠词 a 后接可数名词单数；custom 名词，风俗、习俗，特指某地传统文化习惯，跨文化交际核心名词。 5. Please ________ (避免) talking loudly in public places in Western countries. 【答案】avoid 【详解】本句祈使句，以动词原形开头；avoid doing sth. 避免做某事，固定搭配，礼仪场景高频动词。 6.【新情境】 The heavy snow ________ (覆盖) all the mountains and roads yesterday morning. 【答案】covered 【详解】yesterday morning 一般过去时；cover 动词，覆盖，自然天气描写词汇，过去式 covered。 7. Could you please ________ (解释) the differences between Chinese and Western table manners to me? 【答案】explain 【详解】情态动词 could 后用动词原形；explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某物，跨文化差异讲解必备动词。 8. We should learn to stay calm when we face terrible natural ________ (状况). 【答案】conditions 【详解】condition 名词，环境、状况；natural conditions 自然环境，表各类自然情形多用复数 conditions。 9. 【新情境】It is important to ________ (尊重) different cultures all over the world. 【答案】respect 【详解】不定式 to 后接动词原形；respect 此处及物动词，尊重；respect cultures 尊重多元文化，Unit6 主旨词汇。 10. The strong wind kept ________ (敲打) against the windows all night long. 【答案】beating 【详解】固定搭配 keep doing sth. 持续做某事；beat against 风雨击打物体，延续动作填动名词 beating。 二、根据首字母提示写出单词（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 1. When the typhoon arrived, trees fell down and everything was in a terrible m________ outside. 【答案】mess 【详解】固定搭配 in a mess 一团糟；台风过后环境凌乱，Unit5 恶劣天气场景经典短语。 2. Different countries have different c________ rules about eating and greeting people. 【答案】cultural 【详解】形容词修饰名词 rules；culture 名词→cultural 形容词，文化的；cultural rules 文化礼仪规范。 3. The rain poured down so h________ that we couldn’t go out for the whole day. 【答案】heavily 【详解】副词修饰动词 poured（下雨）；heavy 形容词→heavily 副词，大量地、猛烈地；rain heavily 下大雨必考搭配。 4. You’d better not p________ at others with your chopsticks while having meals in Asia. 【答案】point 【详解】had better not do sth. 最好不要做某事；point at 指着，餐桌礼仪禁忌行为，Unit6 礼仪高频短语。 5. After the big storm, volunteers helped c________ up fallen leaves and branches on the streets. 【答案】clean 【详解】help (to) do sth. 帮忙做某事；clean up 清理、打扫干净，灾后清扫固定词组。 6. Many foreigners will experience c________ shock when they first come to China. 【答案】culture 【详解】固定短语 culture shock 文化冲击，跨文化交际单元核心名词短语。 7. The weather r________ says that there will be a heavy rainstorm this coming weekend. 【答案】report 【详解】weather report 天气预报，气象场景固定名词搭配；谓语 says 为单数，主语用单数 report。 8. He is u________ to eating Western food, so he always feels uncomfortable at Western dinners. 【答案】unused 【详解】固定 be unused to doing sth. 不习惯做某事，辨析 used to do（过去常常），跨文化饮食适应考点。 9. We usually s________ hands to greet each other when we meet new friends in most countries. 【答案】shake 【详解】usually 一般现在时，主语 we 谓语用原形；shake hands 握手，见面礼仪核心短语。 10. The guide s________ that we should take warm clothes when travelling to northern Europe in winter. 【答案】suggests 【详解】客观建议用一般现在时，主语 guide 单数谓语三单；suggest+that 从句 建议……，高频动词。 三、单项选择（共 10 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 1. —What were you doing when the typhoon came last night? —I ________ a book about different world cultures in my study. A. read B. was reading C. am reading D. will read 【答案】B 【详解】when 引导过去瞬间动作（台风来临），主句强调过去某一刻正在进行的动作，用过去进行时 was/were doing；主语 I 搭配 was reading，故选 B；一般过去时只表动作完成，无正在进行含义。 2. You should learn about local customs ________ you travel abroad alone. A. instead of B. rather than C. before D. because of 【答案】C 【详解】before 引导时间状语从句，意为 “在…… 之前”；句意：独自出国旅行前你应当了解当地风俗；A 后接名词 / 动名词，B 连接并列成分，D 表原因语义不符。 3. The snow was much ________ than usual, so all highways were closed down. A. heavy B. heavier C. heaviest D. the heaviest 【答案】B 【详解】than 是形容词比较级标志；heavy 比较级 heavier；much 修饰比较级，表 “…… 得多”，故选 B。 4. Our teacher reminds us ________ rude to people from other countries. A. not be B. to not be C. not to be D. don’t be 【答案】C 【详解】固定结构 remind sb. not to do sth. 提醒某人不要做某事；不定式否定形式 not 置于 to 之前，必考语法搭配。 5. She spent three weeks ________ the table manners of Western countries last month. A. study B. studying C. to study D. studied 【答案】B 【详解】spend + 时间段 + (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事，介词 in 可省略，后接动名词，固定句式。 6. ________ you don’t understand foreign customs, you can ask local people for help politely. A. If B. Though C. Unless D. Until 【答案】A 【详解】if 引导条件状语从句，意为 “如果”；句意：如果你不了解外国风俗，可以礼貌向当地人求助；其余连词语义不通顺。 7. People ________ quickly to close doors and windows when the strong wind arrived. A. hurry B. hurried C. were hurrying D. are hurrying 【答案】B 【详解】when 引导短暂性过去动作，主句紧随发生瞬时动作，用一般过去时 hurried；过去进行时多用于两段延续动作同时进行场景。 8. We won’t truly understand culture differences ________ we experience them in person. A. when B. after C. until D. if 【答案】C 【详解】固定句型 not…until… 直到…… 才……；句意：只有亲身经历，我们才能真正理解文化差异。 9. It’s ________ important to follow local manners when visiting other countries. A. most B. the most C. more D. much 【答案】B 【详解】the + 多音节形容词最高级；important 最高级 the most important，修饰整句表最重要的事。 10. He ________ swim across the river when he was young, but now he can’t. A. used to B. is used to C. was used to D. used for 【答案】A 【详解】used to do sth. 过去常常做某事（现在不再做）；be used to doing 习惯于做某事；be used to do 被用来做某事，根据语境选 A。 四、用方框中所给单词适当形式填空（每词限用一次，共 10 空，每空 1 分，满分 10 分） disaster, behave, destroy, custom, avoid, cover, explain, respect, heavy, sudden Nature has its own temper, and terrible natural 1.________ happen from time to time. Last winter, a 2.________ snow 3.________ the whole city overnight. The 4.________ heavy snow 5.________ many old houses. At that moment, I began to realize we must 6.________ nature all the time. Meanwhile, when we communicate with foreigners, we need to learn local 7.. We should 8. impolite acts and 9.________ ourselves properly. If others have questions, we can patiently 10.________ Chinese traditional culture to them. 1. disasters 【详解】谓语 happen 为原形，主语用可数名词复数；natural disasters 自然灾害。 2. sudden 【详解】形容词 sudden 修饰名词 snow，a sudden snow 一场突如其来的大雪。 3. covered 【详解】通篇过去时态；cover 覆盖，过去式 covered，大雪铺满整座城市。 4. heavily 【详解】副词修饰名词性降雪场景，heavy→heavily，heavily snow 大雪纷飞。 5. destroyed 【详解】一般过去时；destroy 毁坏，过去式 destroyed，大雪损毁老旧房屋。 6. respect 【详解】情态动词 must 后接动词原形；respect nature 尊重自然。 7. customs 【详解】local customs 当地风俗，各国风俗不止一种，用复数。 8. avoid 【详解】情态动词 should 后用动词原形；avoid sth. 规避不礼貌行为。 9. behave 【详解】and 并列谓语，与 avoid 形式一致用原形；behave oneself 举止得体固定搭配。 10.explain 【详解】情态动词 can 后接动词原形；explain sth. to sb. 向某人讲解某物。 五、语法填空（短文填空，每空一词或词形变换，10 空，每空 1.5 分，满分 15 分） Last Sunday, I went to England with my parents. While we 1.________ (walk) along the street, a light rain began to fall 2.________ (sudden). I felt excited 3.________ I knew little about British customs. My mom told me we must pay attention to our 4.________ (behave) in public. She 5.________ (explain) that British people hate loud noise indoors. We should avoid 6.________ (talk) loudly in restaurants. Besides, shaking hands 7.________ (be) the common way to greet strangers there. If we learn different cultures well, we 8.________ (get) on well with people from all over the world. And we will truly understand how important it is 9.________ (respect) different customs across different 10.________ (country). 1. were walking 【详解】while 引导过去延续性动作，过去进行时；主语 we 复数，be 动词用 were，walk 变为 walking。 2. suddenly 【详解】副词修饰整个句子；sudden 形容词→suddenly 副词，突然下起雨。 3. but 【详解】前后转折：我很兴奋，但我几乎不了解英国风俗，转折连词 but。 4. behavior 【详解】形容词性物主代词 our 后接名词；behave 动词→behavior 名词，举止、行为。 5. explained 【详解】整篇叙事为一般过去时；explain 过去式 explained，妈妈当时给我讲解礼仪。 6. talking 【详解】固定搭配 avoid doing sth. 避免做某事，后接动名词形式。 7. is 【详解】动名词短语 shaking hands 作主语，谓语动词用单数 is，客观事实用一般现在时。 8. will get 【详解】if 引导条件状语从句，遵循主将从现原则；从句一般现在时，主句一般将来时 will + 动词原形。 9. to respect 【详解】固定句型 it is + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是…… 的，不定式作真正主语。 10. countries 【详解】different 后接可数名词复数；country 复数形式 countries，不同国家。 六、核心短语默写（10 小题，每空 1 分，满分 10 分） 根据汉语写出英文短语 1. 自然灾害 ____________ 2. 一团糟 ____________ 3. 下大雨 / 大雪 ____________ 4. 指着 ____________ 5. 握手 ____________ 6. 文化冲击 ____________ 7. 习惯于做某事 ____________ 8. 避免做某事 ____________ 9. 向某人解释某事 ____________ 10. 过去进行时基本结构 ____________ 标准答案 1. natural disasters 2. in a mess 3. rain/snow heavily 4. point at 5. shake hands 6. culture shock 7. be used to doing sth. 8. avoid doing sth. 9. explain sth. to sb. 10. was / were + doing sth. 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $