Unit 6 Earth first（知识清单）英语外研版必修第二册

该高中英语Unit 6“Earth first”知识清单系统整合环保主题语言要素，涵盖多维度词汇（阅读、写作、变形、拓展及熟词生义）、核心语法（现在分词和过去分词作补语）及写作（说服性信件）等关键范畴，搭建从基础词汇积累到语法应用再到语篇输出的递进式学习支架。 清单以分类关联构建知识体系，如词汇按功能分层、语法配用法对比表，突出语言能力培养。设“熟词生义”模块助词汇灵活运用，“说服性信件框架”含逻辑模板与范文，强化思维品质。配套易错点辨异（如damage/destroy/ruin）及分层练习，教师可精准教学，学生自主学习有明确路径，提升学习效率。

Unit 6 Earth first 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1. shark n.鲨（鱼） 2. fin v.切去（鱼的）鳍 n.鱼鳍 3. dive v.（通常指使用呼吸设备的）潜水 4. bulb n.灯泡 5. renewable adj.（能源）可更新的，可再生的，可恢复的 6. reusable adj.可再度使用的，可多次使用的 7. brochure n.小册子 8. solar adj.利用太阳光（能）的 二、写作词汇： 1. establish a university 创办一所大学 2. cause floods in many parts of the country在该国许多地区引发洪水 3. the electricity supply电力供应 4. restore the natural environment 恢复自然环境 5. due to heavy smog由于严重的雾霾 6. be flooded with false information充斥着虚假信息 7. an advertising campaign 一个广告宣传活动 8. sustainable development可持续发展 三、词汇变形： 1. scare v.使（某人）惊恐，吓唬→scared adj.害怕的；惊恐的→scary adj.恐怖的 2. fortunately adv.幸运地→fortunate adj.幸运的→unfortunate adj.不幸的→unfortunately adv.不幸地 3. extinction n.灭绝，绝种→extinct adj.灭绝的 4. devote v.致力，献身，倾注→devoted adj.挚爱的；投入的→devotion n.致力；献身 5. cruelty n.残忍，残酷，残暴→cruel adj.残忍的；残酷的→cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地 6. reduce v.减少，降低→reduction n.减少，降低 四、拓展词汇 1. conservation n. 保护；自然资源保护 2.habitat n.（动植物的）栖息地 3. pollutant n. 污染物 4. endangered adj. 濒临灭绝的 5. preserve v. 保护，维护；保存 6. ecosystem n. 生态系统 7. poisonous adj. 有毒的 8. overfishing n. 过度捕捞 9. deforestation n. 森林砍伐 10. purify v. 净化（水、空气） 11. marine adj. 海洋的；海产的 12. awareness n. 认识，意识 五、熟词生义 1. flood 熟义：n. 洪水 生义：v. 大量涌入；淹没 2. affect 熟义：v. 影响 生义：v.（情感上）深深打动；使悲伤 3. adopt 熟义：v. 收养 生义：v. 采取，采纳（政策、方法） 4. highlight 熟义：n. 亮点，高光 生义：v. 使……突出；着重强调 5. reserve 熟义：v. 预订；保留 生义：n.（野生生物）保护区 6. present 熟义：adj. 当前的；n.礼物 生义：/prɪˈzent/ v. 提交；呈现 7. supply 熟义：v. 供应，供给 生义：n.(pl.) 物资，补给品 8. restore 熟义：v. 恢复（秩序） 生义：v. 修复（生态、自然环境） 9. urge 熟义：v. 催促，力劝 生义：n. 强烈的欲望，冲动 10. contribute 熟义：v. 捐献，捐赠 生义：v. 促成，造成（某事发生） 写作 句型 1.Some people stopped swimming in the sea,afraid of the horrible creature from the film. 主句 形容词短语作伴随状语，说明主语 some people 的状态 译文：一些人不再去海里游泳，害怕电影里那种可怕的生物。 2.Fortunately,not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks — 主句 定语从句，修饰先行词 everyone some became interested in understanding them. 破折号连接并列分句 some became interested in understanding them，起补充说明作用 译文：幸运的是，并不是每个看过电影《大白鲨》的人都害怕鲨鱼 —— 有些人反而对了解鲨鱼产生了兴趣。 3.However,making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to 主语 谓语 宾语由and并列两部分 three times the amount of water. 译文：然而，制作一个纸袋消耗的能量是制作一个塑料袋的四倍，耗水量更是高达（制作塑料袋的）三倍。 语法 现在分词和过去分词作补语 写作 Writing a persuasive letter写一篇“说服性”文章 一、知识点精讲 1.scare v.使（某人）惊恐，吓唬 教材原句　People have always been scared of sharks,but Jaws made things worse. 人们本就害怕鲨鱼，而电影《大白鲨》加深了这种恶劣印象。 【词汇拓展】 （1）scare sb away/off 把某人吓跑/吓退 scare sb into （doing） sth 威胁/恐吓某人（做）某事 （2）scared adj. 恐惧的；害怕的 be scared of doing sth/be scared to do sth 害怕做某事 （be） scared to death　　吓得要死 （3）scary adj.恐怖的，吓人的，引起恐慌的 【单句语法填空】 ①My cat is scared　　　　　　thunderstorms and hides under the bed whenever it rains heavily. 答案：of　 ②He was scared　　　　　　（tell）his parents the truth about his failing grades. 答案：to tell　 ③The horror movie was so　　　　　　（scare）that I had to close my eyes several times. 答案：scary　 2. fortunately adv.幸运地 教材原句　Fortunately,not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks ... 幸运的是，并非每个看过《大白鲨》这部电影的人都变得害怕鲨鱼…… 【词汇拓展】 （1）fortunate adj. 幸运的；吉利的 be fortunate to do/（in） doing sth 做某事很幸运 It is fortunate （for sb） to do/that ...（对某人来说）做……是幸运的 （2）fortune n. 运气；命运；财富，财产 make a fortune 发财，赚钱 try one’s fortune 碰运气 （3）unfortunate adj. 不幸的 unfortunately adv. 不幸地 【单句语法填空】 ①They are fortunate　　　　　　（find）a peaceful place to live away from the city noise. 答案：to find　　 ②　　　　　　（fortunate）,they found the missing keys before they left the house. 答案：Fortunately　 3. devote v.致力，献身，倾注 教材原句　Now,she is a model and performance artist devoted to ocean conservation. 现在，她是一位致力于海洋保护的模特和表演艺术家。 【词汇拓展】 （1）devote ...to 把……用于/致力于……（to是介词） devote oneself to 献身于……；致力于…… （2）devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的 be devoted to （doing） sth 致力于（做）某事 be devoted to sb 深爱着某人 （3）devotion n. 关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚 devotion to 对……的关爱/投入/忠诚 【单句语法填空】 ①The scientist devotes most of his time to　　　　　　（research）new medicines. 答案：researching　 ②The dog is very　　　　　　（devote）to its owner and follows him everywhere. 答案：devoted　　 4.urge v.竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促n.强烈的欲望；冲动 教材原句　We are writing this letter to call on everyone to take part in the Clear Your Plate campaign.It urges people to save food by not wasting anything on the dining table. 我们写这封信是为了号召大家积极参与光盘行动。该行动敦促人们不要浪费餐桌上的任何东西来节省食物。 【词汇拓展】 （1）urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事 urge that ...（should） do sth 极力主张……做某事 It is urged that ...（should） do sth 坚决要求……做某事 （2）have an urge to do sth 有做某事的冲动 （3）urgent adj. 紧急的；催促的 urgency n. 紧迫；急迫；急事 【单句语法填空】 ①The doctor urged the patient　　　　　　（follow） the treatment plan strictly. 答案：to follow　 ②It is urged that the safety inspection of the school buildings should　　　　　　 （carry） out immediately. 答案：be carried　 5. concerned adj.焦急的，担忧的 教材原句　We are concerned that ...我们担心…… 【词汇拓展】 （1）as far as ...be concerned就……而言 be concerned about/for　　为……担心 （2）concern v.涉及，与……有关；使担心，使担忧 n.担心，忧虑，焦虑 concern oneself about/with ...　　对……关心/挂念 express/show concern about/for对……表示关心/担心 （3）concerning prep.　　关于；有关 【单句语法填空】 ①She is always 　　　　　　（concern） about her children’s safety when they are out late. 答案：concerned　 ②She wrote a report　　　　　　（concern） the challenges faced by small businesses. 答案：concerning　 二、核心语法精讲 现在分词和过去分词作补语 v．­ing形式作宾语补足语时，往往表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态，与宾语之间构成逻辑主动关系。v.­ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。 v.-ing形式作宾语补足语用法表 用法分类 说明 示例 感官动词 表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)，如 see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to 等。 I felt somebody standing behind me. (我感觉有人站在我后面。) I saw the little boy crying there. (我看到小男孩正在那里哭。) 使役动词 表示使动意义的动词，如 have, keep, get, leave 等。接现在分词作宾语补足语表示“让……一直做某事”。 We kept the fire burning all night long. (我们让火整夜燃烧着。) I won't have you running about in the room. (我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。) with复合结构 用于 with 复合结构中，其中 v.-ing 形式与前面的名词或代词之间构成逻辑主动关系。 I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on. (由于噪声不断，我没法做家庭作业。) With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous. (这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。) v.-ed形式作宾语补足语知识点归纳表 类别 用法说明 动词类型 示例 基本逻辑 过去分词作宾补，说明宾语的状态或性质，宾语是其逻辑主语，且为动作承受者，表示被动关系。 - I saw his eyes fixed on me with curiosity.我看见他的眼睛盯着我，充满了好奇。 用法类型 1 表示感觉或心理状态的动词 see, hear, feel, watch, notice, think, consider, find We saw the thief caught by the police.我们看见小偷被警察抓住了。 用法类型 2 表示“致使”或“保持某状态”意义的动词 make, get, have, keep, leave Don't leave such an important thing undone.不要让这么重要的事没有人做。 用法类型 3 表示“希望、要求、命令”意义的动词 want, wish, like, expect, order We want the work finished by Saturday.我们想要在周六前完成工作。 微点拨 过去分词用在with复合结构中作宾语补足语，过去分词与宾语之 间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 - With his homework done,he went out to play football.作业做完后，他出去踢足球了。 【单句语法填空】 1. I found the door　　　　　　（lock）when I arrived home. 答案：locked　 解析：find +宾语+宾补；door 和 lock 是被动关系（门被锁），用过去分词作宾语补足语。句意：我到家的时候，发现门是锁着的。 2. He found her　　　　　　（read）a book when he came in. 答案：reading　 解析：find sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事；when he came in 强调进门那一刻，动作正在发生，现在分词作宾补。句意：他进来时，发现她正在看书。 3. She felt her suggestions　　　　　　（ignore）by the committee. 答案：ignored　 解析：feel +宾语+宾补；suggestions 和 ignore 是被动关系（建议被忽视），by 也提示被动，用过去分词作宾补。句意：她感觉自己的建议被委员会忽视了。 三、单元写作清单 Writing a persuasive letter写一篇“说服性”文章 1. 话题分析 这是一封劝说倡议类英文书信，属于单元环保主题（Earth first）。 写作目的：摆出现实环境问题、说明成因，劝说读者采取行动，呼吁大家保护环境。 可选话题：森林砍伐、海洋塑料污染、空气污染、食物浪费（课本范文）。 写作逻辑：点明写信目的→陈述问题 + 危害→分析原因→给出具体可行解决措施→呼吁行动 + 落款。 2. 写作框架 书信格式：称呼→正文→结尾客套话→署名 开头段（写信目的） 开门见山，说明写信意图，引出环境问题。 主体第一段（问题 + 危害 + 成因 Cause & Problem） 描述问题有多严重，带来什么危害，分析产生问题的原因。 主体第二段（解决措施 Solution，分 2‑3 点） 提出具体、可落地的建议。 结尾段（呼吁行动） 说明改变后的好处，号召大家行动起来。 3. 写作素材 Useful expressions 开篇（写信目的、表达担忧） We are writing this letter to raise your awareness of…我们写这封信旨在提高大家对…… 的认识。 We are concerned that…我们担忧…… We are writing to call on everyone to take part in…我们写此信呼吁所有人参与…… 陈述问题与原因 One of the reasons for this is…造成该问题的原因之一是…… As a result,…因此，…… It does great harm to…它对…… 造成极大危害。 提出建议、倡议 We would like to suggest…我们想要建议…… In order to improve the situation, we should…为改善现状，我们应当…… We strongly advise us to…我们强烈建议大家…… It is a good idea to……… 是个好做法。 结尾呼吁、期待回应 Small actions can make a big difference.微小行动也能带来巨大改变。 We hope that you will consider our suggestions.希望你能考虑我们的建议。 Let’s work together to make the world a better place!让我们携手共创更美好的世界！ 4. 范文背诵 目前，中国已经进入汽车社会，越来越多的汽车正走进寻常百姓家。但是有些驾驶员的素质令人担忧，他们的所作所为严重危害了自己和他人的安全。这种现象与社会的发展极不协调。请你以李华的身份，结合下列几点写一封倡议书，倡议所有驾驶员做“中国好司机”。主要内容包括： 1．简单描述以上现象； 2．你的建议： (1)严格遵守交通规则；(2)不隔窗抛物；(3)礼让他人，不闯红灯。 注意：词数80个左右。 参考词汇：规则regulations　让路give way to　闯红灯run the red light Dear drivers， At present, more and more cars have entered the homes of ordinary people. But what worries us a lot is some drivers' bad quality. Their behavior does harm to the safety of others and themselves, which is against the development of our society. Then, I have some ideas for you to be good drivers. First, all of us must obey the traffic regulations. Second, you shouldn't throw things out of the car window. When picking up the things you throw away，some cleaners are hit by the passing cars and die per year. Next, give way to passers­by politely at the cross­roads and you mustn't run the red light. Last but not least, always remember: your families are waiting for you at home. I really hope all the drivers can take action from now on and try to be good Chinese drivers. Sincerely yours， Li Hua 易错点01 damage/destroy/ruin 【一句话辨异】The storm damaged several houses, destroyed one building completely and ruined many people’s hopes. 翻译：这场暴风雨损坏了几栋房屋，彻底摧毁了一栋大楼，还破灭了许多人的希望。 【错因辨析】 【对点训练】 选词填空（damage/ruin/destroy） (1)You have　　　　　　my bike；you’d better get it repaired. 答案：damaged　 解析：句意：你把我的自行车弄坏了，你最好把它修好。后文get it repaired“可以修理”，说明只是部分受损，用 damage；have + 过去分词，现在完成时。 (2) My car was　　　　　　in an accident，and I have to buy a new one. 答案：destroyed　 解析：句意：我的车在一场事故中彻底损毁了，我不得不买辆新车。have to buy a new one必须买新车，说明车子完全毁坏，不能再用；被动语态 be destroyed。 (3) To our disappointment，the bad weather　　　　　　our trip. 答案：ruined 解析：句意：令我们失望的是，恶劣天气毁掉了我们的旅行。 毁掉旅行（抽象事物：计划、体验），用 ruin；事情已经发生，用一般过去时 ruined。 易错点02 as引导状语从句 【一句话辨异】 As he walked along, he sang songs; as he is young, he knows much; do as I tell you; hot as it is, they still work; he is as tall as his father. 翻译：当他边走时，他唱着歌；尽管他年纪小，却懂得很多；照我说的做；虽然天气很热，他们依旧工作；他和他父亲一样高。 【错因辨析】 （1）引导时间状语从句，强调从句和主句的动作同时发生，常译为“一边……一边……，随着……”。 As he grew older，he became less active.随着年龄的增长，他变得不那么活跃了。 （2）引导原因状语从句，表示“因为，由于”。 As it is fine，we shall go out for a walk. 因为天气好，我们将出去散步。 （3）引导方式状语从句，表示“按照，如同”。 You’d better have a balanced diet as the doctor told you. 你最好按照医生说的保持均衡的饮食。 ［词汇复现］ （4）引导比较状语从句，表示“像……一样”。 I can’t run as fast as I used to. 我不如以前跑得快了。 （5）引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”。as 引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序。 Try as he might，he couldn’t open the door. 他想尽了办法也没能打开门。 【对点训练】 判断 as 引导的是什么从句 (1)As it was getting late，I turned around to start for home.___________________ 答案：原因状语从句　 (2)Hot as the night air was,we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.___________________ 答案：让步状语从句　 (3)When in Rome,do as the Romans do.___________________ 答案：方式状语从句 (4)That’s not as simple as it sounds. ___________________ 答案：比较状语从句 (5) ...as I looked at his face,something occurred to me. ___________________ 答案：时间状语从句 易错点03 supply/provide/offer 【一句话辨异】 The school provides students with books, supplies food for them and offers them free training courses. 翻译：学校为学生提供书本，供应食物，并给他们提供免费培训课程。 【错因辨析】 词汇 词性 中文释义 侧重含义 固定搭配 注意事项 provide v. 提供 侧重提供生活必需、客观需要的事物 provide sb. with sth. provide sth. for sb. - supply v./n. 供应 侧重批量补给、物资供给（水、电、原料等） supply sb. with sth. supply sth. to sb. 名词：supplies (复数) 表示一批物资、补给品 offer v. （主动）提供；出价 侧重主动自愿拿出，可接帮助、机会、建议；也可表出价 offer sb. sth. offer sth. to sb. offer 后面绝对不用 with 核心速记 provide /supply 可以接 with；offer不接 with provide 介词用 for；supply 介词用 to 【对点训练】 单句语法填空 (1) They will supply us　　　　　　technology in support without asking for anything in return. 答案：with　 解析：supply sb. with sth. 固定搭配，表示 “向某人提供某物”。本句宾语是人us，后接事物technology，选用介词with。句意：他们将无偿为我们提供技术支持，不求任何回报。 (2)This book will supply some scientific methods　　　　　　us in English learning. 答案：to 解析：supply sth. to sb. 固定搭配，表示 “把某物供应给某人”。本句先出现事物some scientific methods，后接人us，选用介词to。句意：这本书会给我们提供一些英语学习的科学方法。 (3) Our school library can provide all kinds of good books　　　　　　students. 答案：for 解析：provide sth. for sb. 固定搭配，意为 “为某人提供某物”。句子先写事物all kinds of good books，后接对象students，介词用for；同义结构provide sb. with sth.。句意：我们学校图书馆可以为学生提供各种各样优质的图书。 (4)Finally，the manager offered a good job　　　　　　me. 答案：to 解析：offer sth. to sb. 固定搭配，“把某物主动提供给某人”。当offer先接物、再接人时，介词用to；同义双宾语结构offer sb. sth.（offer me a good job）。注意 offer不搭配 with。句意：最后，经理给我提供了一份不错的工作。 一、默写重点单词 1.________n.（尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般）看法，态度 2.________n.海洋，大海 3.________ v.使……突出，使注意力集中于 4.________ n.员工 5.________ v.破损，损害，损伤 6.________adj.可持续的，不破坏环境的 7.________n.温室，暖房 【答案】 1. attitude 2.ocean 3.highlight 4.staff 5.damage 6.sustainable 7.greenhouse　 二、词汇运用 1. The loud thunder________（使惊恐）the little child,and he started crying. 2. He________（潜水） into the pool to cool off on the hot summer day. 3. The________（灭绝） of certain plants can have a significant impact on the ecosystem. 4. Her positive a ________ towards life always inspires those around her. 5. She fell off her bike， but f________,she wasn’t seriously injured. 【答案】 1. scared 2.dived 3.extinction 4.attitude 5.fortunately　 三、重点句型 1.又冷又饿，徒步旅行者们终于抵达了山间小屋。 _________________________ ,the hikers finally reached the mountain hut. 2.他执导的电影并非每部都是杰作，但大多数都很受欢迎。 _________________________ directed by him is a masterpiece,but most are popular. 3.建造木屋所需的时间是建造钢结构的两倍。 Building a wooden house takes _________________________ constructing a steel structure. 【答案】 1.Cold and hungry　 2.Not every movie　 3.twice the time of/as much time as　 四、课文语法填空 The 1975 film Jaws described a scene where a woman swimming in a dark sea 1. （attack）by a great white shark and finally was killed by it,which made people consider the great white shark as 2. dangerous animal. Some people were afraid of swimming in the sea.To make things 3. （bad）,other people started fishing for sharks,4. （kill）as many as they could.As a result， the number of large sharks around America fell quickly.5. （fin）is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off.The sharks are thrown back into the sea where they die slowly and 6. （painful）.Finning kills millions of sharks a year. In 1980,Peter Benchley,the man 7. wrote the book the film Jaws was based on,was diving when he came across an awful sight.The sea floor was covered with dead sharks because of finning.He came to see people as a danger to sharks,rather than the other way round.From that day on,he fought 8. （protect） sharks.9. （expert）have proved that sharks do not see people as food,and they attack us just by mistake.Only a few people are killed by sharks every year. Fortunately,some people began to protect sharks.Today,as we learn more about sharks,more people than ever want to protect them 10. extinction. 【答案】 1.was attacked 2.a 3.worse 4.killing 5.Finning　 6.painfully 7.who/that 8.to protect 9.Experts 10.from　 五、阅读理解 Passage 1（2026年全国2卷D篇） The Barcelona subway pulls into the station, the doors slide open and passengers pour out to go about their daily business. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market. Sixteen stations of Barcelona’s subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains’ brakes (刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables (电缆) to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. Bernardo Espinoza, an engineer who takes the subway every day, owns an electric car. “I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in,” Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. “And if it is from energy from the trains’ brakes, then even better.” Regenerative brakes have been in trains for decades and are also used in some cars. They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate (加速) the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers. Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. That, he said, boosts efficiency. 1. Why does Barcelona launch the MetroCharge project? A. To fuel the city’s economy. B. To enhance passengers’ experience. C. To promote green transportation. D. To raise the quality of electric cars. 2. What is Espinoza’s concern? A. How to cut his travel expenses. B. Where to get a parking space. C. How to avoid rush-hour traffic. D. Where to find a charging point. 3. What aspect of regenerative brakes is discussed in paragraph 5? A. Their operating conditions. B. Their conventional standard. C. Their potential risks. D. Their working mechanism. 4. What did Luna say about the system? A. It uses reclaimed energy creatively. B. It improves workers’ efficiency. C. It prioritizes the safety of trains. D. It generates jobs for the locals. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D 4. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了巴塞罗那推出的地铁能量回收项目，利用列车刹车余能为电车充电桩供电，实现绿色交通与能源高效利用。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market.(巴塞罗那整合了一整套清洁能源技术，助力公共交通走向绿色环保，同时为应对气候变化出力，并助力欧洲艰难转向私人电动汽车市场。)”可知，该项目目的是推广绿色交通。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的““I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in,” Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. (埃斯皮诺萨在巴塞罗那南部一处工人街区搭乘地铁前说道：“我又惊喜又开心，我总在四处找地方给车充电。”)”可知，埃斯皮诺萨一直发愁找不到充电桩。 【3题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers.(它们由一个电动机构成，该电动机会收集刹车动作中产生的能量——这些能量在传统刹车系统中会以热量的形式散失掉。这些能量可以立即用于加速车辆，或者在巴塞罗那地铁系统的情况下，通过电缆输送，为车站或电动汽车充电桩供电。)”可知，本段介绍了再生刹车的工作原理。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. (电气工程教授阿尔瓦罗・卢纳表示，这套系统颇具创新性，原因在于它能将回收的电能重新调配，用于当地特定用途——本案例中就是为停在附近的电动汽车供电。)”可知，卢纳认为该系统创新性地利用了回收能源。 Passage 2（2026年全国1卷C篇） In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. “We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.” The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. “We didn’t make a big deal of that,” said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle,” she said. “We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. “You have to think about what you would lose if you do that.” Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 1. What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? A. They affect the growth of other trees. B. They absorb less carbon than expected. C. They harm people’s health indirectly. D. They raise the local temperature slowly. 2. Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A. Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. B. Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C. Changing the species of trees in new plantings. D. Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 3. What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Honest about. B. Unaware of. C. Related to. D. Optimistic about. 4. What would Auyeung probably advocate? A. Reducing car use in daily life. B. Providing animals with new habitats. C. Controlling population growth. D. Doing more research on the problem. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍纽约市大力植树改善城市环境，但研究发现当地主流树种橡树和枫香树会释放异戊二烯，间接加剧臭氧污染、影响空气质量，相关部门也对此问题给出了应对态度与看法。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. (橡树和枫香树目前占该市树木的大多数，它们会产生大量名为异戊二烯的化学物质。异戊二烯本身无害，但会迅速与车辆、建筑和工业排放的污染性氮氧化物发生反应，形成地面臭氧——这是许多呼吸问题的主要因素。)”可知，橡树和枫香树释放的化学物质和污染物结合形成地面臭氧，而臭氧是引发多种呼吸疾病的主要因素，由此可知这类树木会间接危害人体健康。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. (如果该市在新种植的植物中保持以往的物种分布模式，未来几十年曼哈顿的异戊二烯产量将增加约140%，由此导致的夏季臭氧水平将上升多达30%。)”可知，Commane认为如果继续沿用以往的树种种植模式，未来异戊二烯和臭氧含量会大幅上升，再结合第四段Commane所说“But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse. (但如果我们不够谨慎，可能会使空气质量变得更差。)”可推断，她会建议更换新种植树木的品种。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线短语后文“A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. (几年前，该局的一些研究人员进行的一项研究得出结论，城市树木确实会释放异戊二烯。)”可知，公园部门并非没有意识到城市树木会释放异戊二烯这个问题。从而推知，画划线短语“oblivious to”意为“未觉察、不注意”，与B项“Unaware of”意思一致。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段Auyeung的话“We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle (只要我们反思以汽车为中心的生活方式，就可以随意种植树木)”可推知，她会提倡日常生活中减少汽车使用。 六、应用文写作(湖南常德市汉寿县汉寿县第一中学2025-2026学年高二上学期2月期末考试英语试题) 假定你是李华，你校上周举办了主题为“Trash to Treasure”的回收创意大赛，鼓励学生们利用废弃物品制作艺术品。请你为此次活动写一篇报道，给你校英文报投稿。内容包括： 1. 比赛目的；2. 比赛内容；3. 学生反响。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “Trash to Treasure” Contest, a Hit at Our School _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】 “Trash to Treasure” Contest, a Hit at Our School Last week, our school organized a recycling design contest themed “Trash to Treasure”, aiming to encourage students to make art from discarded objects. The contest lasted for two hours. A variety of wonderful works were displayed, ranging from colorful plastic lamps made out of recycled plastic bottles to appealing purses made of gently used jeans. Students were also required to narrate the inspiration behind each piece. All the people present were amazed by the works. The contest received wide attention from both students and teachers, who spoke highly of creators’ hard work and creativity. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就学校上周举办了主题为“Trash to Treasure”的回收创意大赛写一篇报道。 【详解】1.词汇积累 鼓励：encourage→ motivate 比赛：contest → competition 吸引人的：appealing→attractive 高度评价：speak highly of→ think highly of 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Last week, our school organized a recycling design contest themed “Trash to Treasure”, aiming to encourage students to make art from discarded objects. 拓展句：Last week, our school organized a recycling design contest themed “Trash to Treasure”, whose aim was to encourage students to make art from discarded objects. 【点睛】【高分句型1】A variety of wonderful works were displayed, ranging from colorful plastic lamps made out of recycled plastic bottles to appealing purses made of gently used jeans.（运用了现在分词作状语和过去分词作定语） 【高分句型2】The contest received wide attention from both students and teachers, who spoke highly of creators’ hard work and creativity.（运用who引导的非限制性定语从句） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Earth first 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1. n.鲨（鱼） 2. v.切去（鱼的）鳍 n.鱼鳍 3. v.（通常指使用呼吸设备的）潜水 4. n.灯泡 5. adj.（能源）可更新的，可再生的，可恢复的 6. adj.可再度使用的，可多次使用的 7. n.小册子 8. adj.利用太阳光（能）的 二、写作词汇： 1. 创办一所大学 2. 在该国许多地区引发洪水 3. 电力供应 4. 恢复自然环境 5. 由于严重的雾霾 6. 充斥着虚假信息 7. 一个广告宣传活动 8. 可持续发展 三、词汇变形： 1. scare v.使（某人）惊恐，吓唬→ adj.害怕的；惊恐的→ adj.恐怖的 2. adv.幸运地→fortunate adj.幸运的→ adj.不幸的→ adv.不幸地 3. n.灭绝，绝种→extinct adj.灭绝的 4. devote v.致力，献身，倾注→ adj.挚爱的；投入的→ n.致力；献身 5. n.残忍，残酷，残暴→cruel adj.残忍的；残酷的→ adv.残忍地；残酷地 6. reduce v.减少，降低→ n.减少，降低 四、拓展词汇 1 n. 保护；自然资源保护 2 n.（动植物的）栖息地 3. n. 污染物 4. adj. 濒临灭绝的 5 v. 保护，维护；保存 6. n. 生态系统 7. adj. 有毒的 8. n. 过度捕捞 9. n. 森林砍伐 10. v. 净化（水、空气） 11. adj. 海洋的；海产的 12. n. 认识，意识 五、熟词生义 1. 熟义：n. 洪水 生义：v. 大量涌入；淹没 2. 熟义：v. 影响 生义：v.（情感上）深深打动；使悲伤 3. 熟义：v. 收养 生义：v. 采取，采纳（政策、方法） 4. 熟义：n. 亮点，高光 生义：v. 使……突出；着重强调 5. 熟义：v. 预订；保留 生义：n.（野生生物）保护区 6. 熟义：adj. 当前的；n.礼物 生义：/prɪˈzent/ v. 提交；呈现 7. 熟义：v. 供应，供给 生义：n.(pl.) 物资，补给品 8. 熟义：v. 恢复（秩序） 生义：v. 修复（生态、自然环境） 9. 熟义：v. 催促，力劝 生义：n. 强烈的欲望，冲动 10. 熟义：v. 捐献，捐赠 生义：v. 促成，造成（某事发生） 写作 句型 1.Some people stopped swimming in the sea,afraid of the horrible creature from the film. 译文： 2.Fortunately,not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks — some became interested in understanding them. 译文： 3.However,making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. 译文： 语法 现在分词和过去分词作补语 写作 Writing a persuasive letter写一篇“说服性”文章 一、知识点精讲 1.scare v.使（某人）惊恐，吓唬 教材原句　People have always been scared of sharks,but Jaws made things worse. 人们本就害怕鲨鱼，而电影《大白鲨》加深了这种恶劣印象。 【词汇拓展】 （1）scare sb away/off 把某人吓跑/吓退 scare sb into （doing） sth 威胁/恐吓某人（做）某事 （2）scared adj. 恐惧的；害怕的 be scared of doing sth/be scared to do sth 害怕做某事 （be） scared to death　　吓得要死 （3）scary adj.恐怖的，吓人的，引起恐慌的 【单句语法填空】 ①My cat is scared　　　　　　thunderstorms and hides under the bed whenever it rains heavily. ②He was scared　　　　　　（tell）his parents the truth about his failing grades. ③The horror movie was so　　　　　　（scare）that I had to close my eyes several times. 2. fortunately adv.幸运地 教材原句　Fortunately,not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks ... 幸运的是，并非每个看过《大白鲨》这部电影的人都变得害怕鲨鱼…… 【词汇拓展】 （1）fortunate adj. 幸运的；吉利的 be fortunate to do/（in） doing sth 做某事很幸运 It is fortunate （for sb） to do/that ...（对某人来说）做……是幸运的 （2）fortune n. 运气；命运；财富，财产 make a fortune 发财，赚钱 try one’s fortune 碰运气 （3）unfortunate adj. 不幸的 unfortunately adv. 不幸地 【单句语法填空】 ①They are fortunate　　　　　　（find）a peaceful place to live away from the city noise. ②　　　　　　（fortunate）,they found the missing keys before they left the house. 3. devote v.致力，献身，倾注 教材原句　Now,she is a model and performance artist devoted to ocean conservation. 现在，她是一位致力于海洋保护的模特和表演艺术家。 【词汇拓展】 （1）devote ...to 把……用于/致力于……（to是介词） devote oneself to 献身于……；致力于…… （2）devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的 be devoted to （doing） sth 致力于（做）某事 be devoted to sb 深爱着某人 （3）devotion n. 关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚 devotion to 对……的关爱/投入/忠诚 【单句语法填空】 ①The scientist devotes most of his time to　　　　　　（research）new medicines. ②The dog is very　　　　　　（devote）to its owner and follows him everywhere. 4.urge v.竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促n.强烈的欲望；冲动 教材原句　We are writing this letter to call on everyone to take part in the Clear Your Plate campaign.It urges people to save food by not wasting anything on the dining table. 我们写这封信是为了号召大家积极参与光盘行动。该行动敦促人们不要浪费餐桌上的任何东西来节省食物。 【词汇拓展】 （1）urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事 urge that ...（should） do sth 极力主张……做某事 It is urged that ...（should） do sth 坚决要求……做某事 （2）have an urge to do sth 有做某事的冲动 （3）urgent adj. 紧急的；催促的 urgency n. 紧迫；急迫；急事 【单句语法填空】 ①The doctor urged the patient　　　　　　（follow） the treatment plan strictly. ②It is urged that the safety inspection of the school buildings should　　　　　　 （carry） out immediately. 5. concerned adj.焦急的，担忧的 教材原句　We are concerned that ...我们担心…… 【词汇拓展】 （1）as far as ...be concerned就……而言 be concerned about/for　　为……担心 （2）concern v.涉及，与……有关；使担心，使担忧 n.担心，忧虑，焦虑 concern oneself about/with ...　　对……关心/挂念 express/show concern about/for对……表示关心/担心 （3）concerning prep.　　关于；有关 【单句语法填空】 ①She is always 　　　　　　（concern） about her children’s safety when they are out late. ②She wrote a report　　　　　　（concern） the challenges faced by small businesses. 二、核心语法精讲 现在分词和过去分词作补语 v．­ing形式作宾语补足语时，往往表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态，与宾语之间构成逻辑主动关系。v.­ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。 v.-ing形式作宾语补足语用法表 用法分类 说明 示例 感官动词 表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)，如 see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to 等。 I felt somebody standing behind me. (我感觉有人站在我后面。) I saw the little boy crying there. (我看到小男孩正在那里哭。) 使役动词 表示使动意义的动词，如 have, keep, get, leave 等。接现在分词作宾语补足语表示“让……一直做某事”。 We kept the fire burning all night long. (我们让火整夜燃烧着。) I won't have you running about in the room. (我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。) with复合结构 用于 with 复合结构中，其中 v.-ing 形式与前面的名词或代词之间构成逻辑主动关系。 I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on. (由于噪声不断，我没法做家庭作业。) With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous. (这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。) v.-ed形式作宾语补足语知识点归纳表 类别 用法说明 动词类型 示例 基本逻辑 过去分词作宾补，说明宾语的状态或性质，宾语是其逻辑主语，且为动作承受者，表示被动关系。 - I saw his eyes fixed on me with curiosity.我看见他的眼睛盯着我，充满了好奇。 用法类型 1 表示感觉或心理状态的动词 see, hear, feel, watch, notice, think, consider, find We saw the thief caught by the police.我们看见小偷被警察抓住了。 用法类型 2 表示“致使”或“保持某状态”意义的动词 make, get, have, keep, leave Don't leave such an important thing undone.不要让这么重要的事没有人做。 用法类型 3 表示“希望、要求、命令”意义的动词 want, wish, like, expect, order We want the work finished by Saturday.我们想要在周六前完成工作。 微点拨 过去分词用在with复合结构中作宾语补足语，过去分词与宾语之 间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 - With his homework done,he went out to play football.作业做完后，他出去踢足球了。 【单句语法填空】 1. I found the door　　　　　　（lock）when I arrived home. 2. He found her　　　　　　（read）a book when he came in. 3. She felt her suggestions　　　　　　（ignore）by the committee. 三、单元写作清单 Writing a persuasive letter写一篇“说服性”文章 1. 话题分析 这是一封劝说倡议类英文书信，属于单元环保主题（Earth first）。 写作目的：摆出现实环境问题、说明成因，劝说读者采取行动，呼吁大家保护环境。 可选话题：森林砍伐、海洋塑料污染、空气污染、食物浪费（课本范文）。 写作逻辑：点明写信目的→陈述问题 + 危害→分析原因→给出具体可行解决措施→呼吁行动 + 落款。 2. 写作框架 书信格式：称呼→正文→结尾客套话→署名 开头段（写信目的） 开门见山，说明写信意图，引出环境问题。 主体第一段（问题 + 危害 + 成因 Cause & Problem） 描述问题有多严重，带来什么危害，分析产生问题的原因。 主体第二段（解决措施 Solution，分 2‑3 点） 提出具体、可落地的建议。 结尾段（呼吁行动） 说明改变后的好处，号召大家行动起来。 3. 写作素材 Useful expressions 开篇（写信目的、表达担忧） 　 　　　　　我们写这封信旨在提高大家对…… 的认识。 　 　　　　　我们担忧…… 　 　　　　　我们写此信呼吁所有人参与…… 陈述问题与原因 　 　　　　　造成该问题的原因之一是…… 　 　　　　　因此，…… 　 　　　　　它对…… 造成极大危害。 提出建议、倡议 　 　　　　　我们想要建议…… 　 　　　　　为改善现状，我们应当…… 　 　　　　　我们强烈建议大家…… 　 　　　　　是个好做法。 结尾呼吁、期待回应 　 　　　　　微小行动也能带来巨大改变。 　 　　　　　希望你能考虑我们的建议。 　 　　　　　让我们携手共创更美好的世界！ 4. 范文背诵 目前，中国已经进入汽车社会，越来越多的汽车正走进寻常百姓家。但是有些驾驶员的素质令人担忧，他们的所作所为严重危害了自己和他人的安全。这种现象与社会的发展极不协调。请你以李华的身份，结合下列几点写一封倡议书，倡议所有驾驶员做“中国好司机”。主要内容包括： 1．简单描述以上现象； 2．你的建议： (1)严格遵守交通规则；(2)不隔窗抛物；(3)礼让他人，不闯红灯。 注意：词数80个左右。 参考词汇：规则regulations　让路give way to　闯红灯run the red light Dear drivers， At present, more and more cars have entered the homes of ordinary people. But what worries us a lot is some drivers' bad quality. Their behavior does harm to the safety of others and themselves, which is against the development of our society. Then, I have some ideas for you to be good drivers. First, all of us must obey the traffic regulations. Second, you shouldn't throw things out of the car window. When picking up the things you throw away，some cleaners are hit by the passing cars and die per year. Next, give way to passers­by politely at the cross­roads and you mustn't run the red light. Last but not least, always remember: your families are waiting for you at home. I really hope all the drivers can take action from now on and try to be good Chinese drivers. Sincerely yours， Li Hua 易错点01 damage/destroy/ruin 【一句话辨异】The storm damaged several houses, destroyed one building completely and ruined many people’s hopes. 翻译：这场暴风雨损坏了几栋房屋，彻底摧毁了一栋大楼，还破灭了许多人的希望。 【错因辨析】 【对点训练】 选词填空（damage/ruin/destroy） (1)You have　　　　　　my bike；you’d better get it repaired. (2) My car was　　　　　　in an accident，and I have to buy a new one. (3) To our disappointment，the bad weather　　　　　　our trip. 易错点02 as引导状语从句 【一句话辨异】 As he walked along, he sang songs; as he is young, he knows much; do as I tell you; hot as it is, they still work; he is as tall as his father. 翻译：当他边走时，他唱着歌；尽管他年纪小，却懂得很多；照我说的做；虽然天气很热，他们依旧工作；他和他父亲一样高。 【错因辨析】 （1）引导时间状语从句，强调从句和主句的动作同时发生，常译为“一边……一边……，随着……”。 As he grew older，he became less active.随着年龄的增长，他变得不那么活跃了。 （2）引导原因状语从句，表示“因为，由于”。 As it is fine，we shall go out for a walk. 因为天气好，我们将出去散步。 （3）引导方式状语从句，表示“按照，如同”。 You’d better have a balanced diet as the doctor told you. 你最好按照医生说的保持均衡的饮食。 ［词汇复现］ （4）引导比较状语从句，表示“像……一样”。 I can’t run as fast as I used to. 我不如以前跑得快了。 （5）引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”。as 引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序。 Try as he might，he couldn’t open the door. 他想尽了办法也没能打开门。 【对点训练】 判断 as 引导的是什么从句 (1)As it was getting late，I turned around to start for home.___________________ (2)Hot as the night air was,we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.___________________ (3)When in Rome,do as the Romans do.___________________ (4)That’s not as simple as it sounds. ___________________ (5) ...as I looked at his face,something occurred to me. ___________________ 易错点03 supply/provide/offer 【一句话辨异】 The school provides students with books, supplies food for them and offers them free training courses. 翻译：学校为学生提供书本，供应食物，并给他们提供免费培训课程。 【错因辨析】 词汇 词性 中文释义 侧重含义 固定搭配 注意事项 provide v. 提供 侧重提供生活必需、客观需要的事物 provide sb. with sth. provide sth. for sb. - supply v./n. 供应 侧重批量补给、物资供给（水、电、原料等） supply sb. with sth. supply sth. to sb. 名词：supplies (复数) 表示一批物资、补给品 offer v. （主动）提供；出价 侧重主动自愿拿出，可接帮助、机会、建议；也可表出价 offer sb. sth. offer sth. to sb. offer 后面绝对不用 with 核心速记 provide /supply 可以接 with；offer不接 with provide 介词用 for；supply 介词用 to 【对点训练】 单句语法填空 (1) They will supply us　　　　　　technology in support without asking for anything in return. (2)This book will supply some scientific methods　　　　　　us in English learning. (3) Our school library can provide all kinds of good books　　　　　　students. (4)Finally，the manager offered a good job　　　　　　me. 一、默写重点单词 1.________n.（尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般）看法，态度 2.________n.海洋，大海 3.________ v.使……突出，使注意力集中于 4.________ n.员工 5.________ v.破损，损害，损伤 6.________adj.可持续的，不破坏环境的 7.________n.温室，暖房 二、词汇运用 1. The loud thunder________（使惊恐）the little child,and he started crying. 2. He________（潜水） into the pool to cool off on the hot summer day. 3. The________（灭绝） of certain plants can have a significant impact on the ecosystem. 4. Her positive a ________ towards life always inspires those around her. 5. She fell off her bike， but f________,she wasn’t seriously injured. 三、重点句型 1.又冷又饿，徒步旅行者们终于抵达了山间小屋。 _________________________ ,the hikers finally reached the mountain hut. 2.他执导的电影并非每部都是杰作，但大多数都很受欢迎。 _________________________ directed by him is a masterpiece,but most are popular. 3.建造木屋所需的时间是建造钢结构的两倍。 Building a wooden house takes _________________________ constructing a steel structure. 四、课文语法填空 The 1975 film Jaws described a scene where a woman swimming in a dark sea 1. （attack）by a great white shark and finally was killed by it,which made people consider the great white shark as 2. dangerous animal. Some people were afraid of swimming in the sea.To make things 3. （bad）,other people started fishing for sharks,4. （kill）as many as they could.As a result， the number of large sharks around America fell quickly.5. （fin）is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off.The sharks are thrown back into the sea where they die slowly and 6. （painful）.Finning kills millions of sharks a year. In 1980,Peter Benchley,the man 7. wrote the book the film Jaws was based on,was diving when he came across an awful sight.The sea floor was covered with dead sharks because of finning.He came to see people as a danger to sharks,rather than the other way round.From that day on,he fought 8. （protect） sharks.9. （expert）have proved that sharks do not see people as food,and they attack us just by mistake.Only a few people are killed by sharks every year. Fortunately,some people began to protect sharks.Today,as we learn more about sharks,more people than ever want to protect them 10. extinction. 五、阅读理解 Passage 1（2026年全国2卷D篇） The Barcelona subway pulls into the station, the doors slide open and passengers pour out to go about their daily business. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market. Sixteen stations of Barcelona’s subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains’ brakes (刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables (电缆) to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. Bernardo Espinoza, an engineer who takes the subway every day, owns an electric car. “I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in,” Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. “And if it is from energy from the trains’ brakes, then even better.” Regenerative brakes have been in trains for decades and are also used in some cars. They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate (加速) the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers. Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. That, he said, boosts efficiency. 1. Why does Barcelona launch the MetroCharge project? A. To fuel the city’s economy. B. To enhance passengers’ experience. C. To promote green transportation. D. To raise the quality of electric cars. 2. What is Espinoza’s concern? A. How to cut his travel expenses. B. Where to get a parking space. C. How to avoid rush-hour traffic. D. Where to find a charging point. 3. What aspect of regenerative brakes is discussed in paragraph 5? A. Their operating conditions. B. Their conventional standard. C. Their potential risks. D. Their working mechanism. 4. What did Luna say about the system? A. It uses reclaimed energy creatively. B. It improves workers’ efficiency. C. It prioritizes the safety of trains. D. It generates jobs for the locals. Passage 2（2026年全国1卷C篇） In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. “We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.” The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. “We didn’t make a big deal of that,” said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle,” she said. “We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. “You have to think about what you would lose if you do that.” Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 1. What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? A. They affect the growth of other trees. B. They absorb less carbon than expected. C. They harm people’s health indirectly. D. They raise the local temperature slowly. 2. Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A. Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. B. Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C. Changing the species of trees in new plantings. D. Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 3. What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Honest about. B. Unaware of. C. Related to. D. Optimistic about. 4. What would Auyeung probably advocate? A. Reducing car use in daily life. B. Providing animals with new habitats. C. Controlling population growth. D. Doing more research on the problem. 六、应用文写作(湖南常德市汉寿县汉寿县第一中学2025-2026学年高二上学期2月期末考试英语试题) 假定你是李华，你校上周举办了主题为“Trash to Treasure”的回收创意大赛，鼓励学生们利用废弃物品制作艺术品。请你为此次活动写一篇报道，给你校英文报投稿。内容包括： 1. 比赛目的；2. 比赛内容；3. 学生反响。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “Trash to Treasure” Contest, a Hit at Our School ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $