内容正文:
必修二 unit 6 earth first 单词知识清单
序号
核心词汇 / 短语
词性
派生词汇
核心搭配(英 + 汉)
高考真题例句
1
scare/scared/scary
v. (使) 害怕;受惊吓
n. 恐惧;惊吓
scared adj. 害怕的;恐惧的
scary adj. 恐怖的;吓人的
scared adj. 感到惊恐的;害怕的
scary adj. 恐怖的;吓人的
scare sb. into doing sth(恐吓某人做某事)
scare ... away /off(把…… 吓跑)
be scared of (sb./sth./doing sth)(害怕某人 / 某事 / 做某事)
be scared to do sth(害怕去做某事)
be scared that...(害怕 / 担心……)
scare sb to death(把某人吓得要死)
Meeting new people scares me to death when I am in a strange place.(高考语境改编真题)
2
due to
短语(由于;应归于)
due adj. 适当的;预定的;应得的;欠下的
be due to do sth.(定于某时做某事)
be due for(应得到)
be due to sb./sth(归因于某人 / 某事;应付给某人)
拓展:thanks to/owing to/because of/on account of(由于,因为)
His failure in the exam was due to his carelessness in reading the questions.(全国卷真题)
3
target
vt. 把…… 作为目标;瞄准
n. 目标;对象;靶子
—
target sb./sth.(把…… 作为目标;攻击某人 / 某物)
set a target(设定目标)
meet/achieve/reach a target(达到 / 完成目标)
aim at a target(瞄准目标)
miss the target(脱靶;未达成目标)
on target(可能实现目标)
be targeted at(以…… 为目标)
The new policy is targeted at improving the living conditions of the poor.(新高考卷真题)
4
fortunately
adv. 幸运地
fortunate adj. 幸运的;吉利的
unfortunate adj. 不幸运的
unfortunately adv. 不幸运地
fortune n. 运气;财富;命运
misfortune n. 不幸
make a fortune(发财)
It is fortunate (for sb.) that...(对某人来说…… 是幸运的)
have the good fortune to do sth(有幸做某事)
be fortunate to do sth/in doing sth.(在某方面运气好)
Fortunately, he was saved by a passer-by when he fell into the river.(浙江卷真题)
5
attitude
n. 看法;态度
—
attitude towards/to...(对…… 的看法 / 态度)
in a/an... attitude(以…… 的态度)
have a positive/negative attitude (to...)(对…… 持积极 / 消极态度)
区分:altitude n. 海拔;海拔高度
Your attitude towards life will decide how happy you are.(天津卷真题)
6
devote
v. 致力;献身;倾注;把…… 用于
devoted adj. 忠实的;深爱的;忠诚的
devotion n. 深爱;热爱;献身;关爱;忠诚
devote oneself to (doing) sth(致力于 / 献身于做某事)
devote one’s time/life/energy/attention to (doing) sth(把时间 / 一生 / 精力 / 注意力用于做某事)
devote...to...(把…… 用于……)
be devoted to...(忠于……;深爱……;致力于……)
The emotional, physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be never-ending.(高考真题)
7
cruelty
n. [U] 残忍;残酷;残暴
cruel adj. 残忍的
cruelly adv. 残忍地
be cruel to sb./sth.(对某人 / 某物残忍)
We should say no to the cruelty to animals in any form.(高考写作真题语境)
8
reserve
n. 保护区;[复] 储备;储备量
v. 预订;保留;储备;拥有
reservation n. 预订;保留;保留意见
in reserve(储备,备用)
reserve sth. for sb./sth.(为某人 / 某物预定 / 保留某物)
reserve a room/table/seat(预订房间 / 桌子 / 座位)
reserve the right to do sth.(保留做某事的权利)
a nature/wildlife reserve(自然 / 野生动物保护区)
make a reservation(预约)
without reservation(毫无保留地)
We visited a nature reserve for wild animals during the summer holiday.(江苏卷真题)
9
damage
v. 破损;损害;损伤
n. 破损;损害;损伤;[复] 损害赔偿金
—
damage sb.'s property/reputation(损害某人的财产 / 名誉)
do/cause damage to(给…… 造成损失)
damage from(由…… 引起的损失)
Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops.(2017 江苏卷阅读真题)
10
flood
n. 洪水,水灾;大批大量
v. 淹没;(感觉 / 回忆)涌上心头;大量涌入
flooded adj. 被水淹没的
flooding n. 洪水泛滥
a flood of(大量的……)
flood in(大量涌入,后无宾语)
flood into(大量涌入,后接宾语)
flood out of(从…… 中蜂拥而出)
be flooded with(充满……)
If your home doesn't have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.(高考真题)
11
affect
vt. 影响;感染;侵袭
effect n. 影响;效果;作用
affection n. 情感;喜爱
affect sb/sth = influence sb/sth(影响某人 / 某事)
be deeply affected by(被深深打动;被……(疾病)侵袭)
have an effect on/upon sth(对…… 有影响)= have an influence/impact on
The climate change has affected wildlife greatly.(2024 新高考 I 卷阅读真题)
12
supply
n. 供应(系统);供应量;[复] 补给品
v. 供应;提供;补给
supplies n. 供给品
supplier n. 供应商
in short supply(供应不足)
a supply of(大量供应;大量的)
supply sb. with sth = supply sth. to sb.(为某人提供某物)
拓展:provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb;offer sb sth=offer sth to sb
The company promised to supply enough food to the disaster area.(全国卷真题)
13
adopt
v. 采取(方法);采用;领养;收养
adopted adj. 收养的;领养的
adoption n. 收养;采用
adopt one’s suggestion/advice(采纳某人的建议)
adopt an approach/measures(采用方法 / 采取措施)
We should adopt effective measures to protect our earth.(高考写作真题)
14
reduce
v. 减少;降低;使陷入
reduction n. 减少;缩小;降低
反义:increase v./n. 增加
reduce sth by...(把某物减少 / 降低了……)
reduce sth (from...) to...(把某物(从……)减少 / 降低到……)
be reduced to (doing) sth(沦落为……;陷入某种境地)
be reduced to tears(泪流满面)
This plan will help us reduce the cost by 30 percent next year.(北京卷真题)
15
infection
n. 感染;传染病
infect v. 传染;感染
infectious adj. 传染的;有感染力的
infected adj. (身体部位 / 伤口)被感染的
infect sb with sth(使某人感染)
be infected with(被感染……)
prevent an infection(预防感染)
The doctor warned us not to get close to the patient infected with the virus.(新高考卷真题)
16
lecture
n. (大学)讲座,演讲
v. 讲课;讲授;指责;训斥
lecturer n. 讲课者;讲演者;讲师
attend /go to a lecture(参加演讲 / 讲座)
give /deliver a lecture on /about sth(关于某事发表演讲)
give sb. a lecture about sth = lecture sb. about sth(教训某人某事)
I attended a lecture on environmental protection given by a famous professor.(山东卷真题)
17
permission
n. 允许;许可;批准;许可证
permit v. 允许;许可(pt./pp. permitted; ing. permitting)
permit n. 执照;许可证
ask (for) permission (to do sth)(请求允许(做某事))
give sb. permission to do sth.(允许某人做某事)
get permission from...(得到…… 的许可)
with sb.’s permission(经某人允许)
without permission(未经允许)
permit doing sth(允许做某事)
permit sb. to do sth(允许某人做某事)
weather/time permitting(天气 / 时间允许的话)
You must ask for permission before you use the school's equipment.(重庆卷真题)
18
majority
n. 多数;大多数;成年法定年龄
major adj. 主要的;重大的 n. 专业 v. 主修(major in)
minor adj. 较小的;次要的 n. 辅修科目
minority n. 少数;少数民族
the/a majority of...(大多数……)
be in the/a majority(占大部分 / 大多数)
in the/a minority(占少数)
a minority of...(少数的……)
The majority of students are in favor of the new school rule.(全国卷真题)
19
remove
v. 移走;搬走;开除;脱掉;消除;解除
removal n. 移走;去掉;调动;免职;搬迁
removable adj. 可移动的;可去除的
remove...from...(把…… 从…… 移开 / 去除)
remove from ...to...(从…… 搬到……)
remove sb from school(开除某人;勒令退学)
remove sb. from...(解除某人的…… 职务)
remove one’s doubt/trouble(消除某人的疑虑 / 烦恼)
We need to remove the old table from the room to make more space.(浙江卷真题)
20
take...into account
短语(把…… 考虑进去)
account n. 说明;理由;账目;报道;叙述 v. 认为
accountant n. 会计;会计师
take account of(考虑……)
take sth into consideration(把某事考虑进去)
account for(说明原因;占…… 比例)
on account of(由于;因为)
give an account of(对…… 进行描述)
On no account(决不,句首用部分倒装)
We must take all the factors into account before making a decision.(高考真题)
21
urge
v. 竭力主张;强烈要求;敦促
n. 冲动;强烈的欲望
urgent adj. 紧急的;急切的
urgently adv. 紧急地;迫切地
urgency n. 紧迫;紧急的事
urge sb to do sth(敦促 / 催促某人做某事)
urge that sb (should) do sth(敦促某人做某事,虚拟语气)
It is urged that ...(should) do sth(坚决要求…… 做某事)
have an urge to do sth(渴望做某事;有做某事的冲动)
reduce/resist the urge to do sth(抑制做某事的冲动)
be in urgent need of(急需……)
The teacher urged us to finish our homework on time every day.(天津卷真题)
22
concerned
adj. 焦急的;担忧的;关心的;有关的
concern v. (使) 担忧;涉及;关系到 n. 忧虑;关心;企业
concerning prep. 关于……
concerns n. 顾虑;担忧
be concerned about/for (that)...(为…… 担心 / 挂念;关心……)
be concerned in ...(牵扯进……;参与……)
be concerned with(与…… 有关;对…… 关切)
as/so far as ...be concerned(就…… 而言)
show/express one's concern about/for(对…… 表示关心 / 担心)
concern oneself about/with sth(关心 / 担心某事)
As far as I am concerned, online learning is convenient for students.(高考真题)
23
contribute
vt/vi. 促成;有助于;捐助;贡献;投稿
contribution n. 贡献;捐献物;稿件;捐助
contributor n. 捐款者;撰稿人;促成因素
contribute to(促成;导致;有助于;捐献;做贡献)
contribute ...to ...(向…… 奉献 / 捐赠 / 投稿)
make a contribution/contributions to (doing) sth(为…… 做贡献)
Everyone should contribute to protecting the environment around us.(高考写作真题)
24
average
adj. 平均(数)的;普通的
n. 平均数;平均水平
v. 平均为
averagely adv. 平均地;一般地
an average of(平均数为……)
the average of...(…… 的平均数)
below /above average(低于 / 高于平均数)
on average(平均来看)
On average, we spend two hours on sports every day at school.(江苏卷真题)
25
release
v. 排放;放走;释放;发行;发布;解雇
n. 排放;释放;发行;发布;解脱
—
release...from...(把…… 从…… 中释放 / 解除 / 解雇)
release...into...(把…… 排放到…… 中)
The factory was ordered to stop releasing waste water into the river.(高考写作真题语境)
26
hunt/hunting
v. 打猎;猎取;搜寻
n. 打猎;狩猎
hunting n. 打猎;狩猎
hunter n. 猎人
go hunting(去打猎)
hunt for(搜寻;寻找)
illegal hunting(非法狩猎)
Illegal hunting threatens the survival of many rare wild animals.(2023 新高考 II 卷阅读真题)
27
extinct/extinction
adj. 已灭绝的;不再存在的
n. 灭绝;绝种
extinction n. 灭绝;绝种
extinct adj. 灭绝的
the extinction of...(…… 的灭绝)
face extinction(面临灭绝)
Many species are in danger of extinction because of human activities.(高考科普类阅读真题)
28
severe
adj. 严重的;严厉的;严峻的
severely adv. 严重地;严厉地
severity n. 严重性;严重程度
severe weather/damage/punishment(恶劣天气 / 严重损害 / 严厉惩罚)
be severe on sb(对某人严厉)
The region suffered a severe storm last winter.(2022 全国甲卷完形真题)
29
sustain/sustainable
v. 保持;维持
adj. 可持续的
sustainable adj. 可持续的
sustainably adv. 可持续地
sustainability n. 持续性
unsustainable adj. 不可持续的
sustainable development/energy(可持续发展 / 能源)
sustainable practice(可持续的做法)
We should adopt sustainable ways to protect the earth's resources.(2024 新高考 I 卷写作真题)
30
renewable
adj. (能源)可更新的;可再生的
renew v. 重新开始;更新
renewable energy(可再生能源)
renewable resources/energy(可再生资源 / 能源)
renew a contract(续签合同)
Solar and wind power are important renewable energy sources in the world.(2023 全国乙卷阅读真题)
31
endanger/endangered
v. 危及;使处于险境
adj. (动物)濒危的
danger n. 危险
dangerous adj. 危险的
endangered adj. 濒危的
endanger wildlife(危及野生动物)
endangered species(濒危物种)
We must take action to protect endangered animals from dying out.(高考写作真题)
32
restore
v. 恢复;修复
restored adj. 精力恢复的
restoration n. 恢复;修复
restore health/confidence(恢复健康 / 信心)
restore a building/temple(修复建筑 / 寺庙)
Efforts are being made to restore the damaged ancient cultural relics.(2021 江苏卷阅读真题)
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$