精品解析：吉林东北师范大学附属中学2025-2026学年高二上学期开学验收英语试题

天道酬勤 厚积薄发 2024级高二年级上学期 假期作业验收考试 第I卷 选择题（满分62分） I．阅读理解（共11小题；每小题2分，满分22分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Music festivals are for everyone! Here are some of the top music festivals across America this festival season. Coachella Music Festival | Indio, California As one of the most famous music and arts festivals in the world, Coachella brings together a diverse range of artists and music styles, from rock to hip-hop. It is not only a celebration of music but also a showcase of art, with exhibits and visual experiences. Electric Daisy Carnival | Las Vegas, Nevada This festival is one of the world’s largest electronic dance music (EDM) festivals. It is not just about the music; it’s a sensory journey, combining advanced technology, colorful visuals, and a sense of community among partygoers, making it a highlight of the global EDM festivals. Pickathon | Happy Valley, Oregon Known for its relaxing, community-driven atmosphere, Pickathon focuses on a variety of music types, including folk, world music, and more. The festival is recognized for its theme on an eco-friendly environment with a commitment to reducing its environmental impact. When We Were Young | Las Vegas, Nevada This festival, celebrating the old-time sounds of the early 2000s, brings together some of the biggest names from the pop-punk scenes, featuring legendary bands and artists from the 2000s. The event offers a trip down memory lane for those who fondly remember the golden era of pop-punk music. 1. Which festival will attract electronic dance music lovers? A. Pickathon. B. When We Were Young. C. Electric Daisy Carnival. D. Coachella Music Festival. 2. What do Pickathon and When We Were Young have in common? A. They offer an eco-friendly trip. B. They are held in the same state. C. They each have a central theme. D. They perform traditional music. 3. In which section of the newspaper would this text most likely appear? A. Business. B. Health. C. Science. D. Culture. B It all started on a stoop (门廊). I picked up a book and started reading to the neighborhood kids. When I finished reading, the kids didn’t want story time to stop. So I said, “You guys can read a book at home.” “We don’t have any books at home.” they responded. It was an unpleasant reminder that there are children who don’t have a single book at home. As a public librarian, I quickly realized that the kids that I saw coming into the library weren’t the same ones I was reading to out on my front stoop. I learned about something called book deserts. A book desert is an area or a community with limited access to books and reading materials. I was aware that I wasn’t going to meet my neighbors who need it most inside library’s walls. So I quit my job and took to the streets, becoming a street librarian who is doing work to increase literary access outside of traditional settings. Book deserts are often found in economically disadvantaged areas, where bookstores and libraries are not enough. Lower-income neighbors may lack the resources to buy books from the bookstore or pay library fines. Residents may be working multiple jobs or facing hardships that make a trip to the library an additional stress. Requirement of identification, fines and fees, all while seemingly normal, can become difficult for families facing hardships. Therefore, I’m making books appear in everyday places in extraordinary ways. I fix free public book vending machines (自助售书机), host street-corner story times, and pop up on the block with free bookstores, so kids who don’t have McDonald’s money don’t have to worry about having book-fair money. You’ll find me delivering books to your front stoop. I have delivered 5,000 books to children living in book deserts. I believe everyone is a reader. They just haven’t found the right book yet. And that’s where librarians step in. We must meet them where they are and guide them along that journey. 4. What inspired the author to become a street librarian? A. The kids’ lack of books at home. B. The kids’ request for more stories. C. Her love for reading books on stoops. D. Her curiosity for seeking book deserts. 5. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The causes of book deserts. B. The struggles of a street librarian. C. The challenges of working more jobs. D. The importance of traditional libraries. 6. How does the author help kids in book deserts? A. By lowering book prices. B. By donating money to them. C. By inviting them to schools. D. By providing free books. 7. What can we conclude from the text? A. Street libraries will replace public ones. B. Librarians should reach out to readers. C. Libraries should maintain traditional rules. D. Book deserts exist even in rich areas. C Certain values carry more weight in spring and autumn than in summer and winter. As leaves fall, snow sweeps in or flowers blossom, humans change in measurable ways, too. Research suggests that emotions, eating habits, and even favorite colors vary across the year. And now a study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA shows how moral values can also change. For the study, researchers examined over 230,000 online surveys collected over ten years, mainly from Americans, with smaller groups in Canada, Australia, and the U.K.. The surveys used a social science model called “moral foundation s theory (道德基础理论)” which identifies five core values guiding human behavior. These include loyalty (staying true to one’s own group), authority (respecting leaders and rules), and purity (avoiding wrongdoing), classified as “group-focused values” as they help communities stay connected. The remaining two—care (protecting others from harm) and fairness (treating people equally)—are termed “self-focused values” concerning personal rights. One explanation for seasonal changes could be anxiety (焦虑). Data from 90,000 surveys and internet searches indicate that anxiety peaks in spring and autumn. Psychologist Brian O’ Shea explains, “Anxiety makes people feel threatened, leading them to distrust outsiders and seek safety within their own groups.” These emotional shifts could affect not only everyday decisions but also broader social events such as court decisions, elections, or public health policies. However, experts say the data mostly come from rich Western countries. Psychologist Ivory Toldson warns that while these findings work for wealthy groups, they may not be true for marginalized ones facing different problems. Lead researcher Ian Hohm agrees the pattern doesn’t affect everyone equally, but notes that the study shows how seasons influence human psychology. “Humans are seasonal beings,” says psychiatrist Norman Rosenthal, known for studying seasonal mood changes. “Our inner feelings directly impact our actions.” This research reminds us that nature’s rhythms quietly guide our moral judgement. 8. How does “moral foundations theory” support the research? A. It analyses the diversity of human behaviors. B. It compares moral values in various cultures. C. It provides five values to measure moral changes. D. It proves the significant role of “group-focused values”. 9. What is the possible impact of anxiety during stressful seasons? A. Threatening safety of outsiders. B. Promoting respect for moral rules. C. Increasing focus on personal rights. D. Influencing social decision-making. 10. What does the underlined word “marginalized” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Respected. B. Disadvantaged. C. Educated. D. Disabled. 11. What is Norman’s attitude toward seasonal impact on human behavior? A. Curious. B. Doubtful. C. Confident. D. Reserved. II．七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was that the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles. ____12____ Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy. But they are also preparing for the worst: what can we do if the earth can no longer sustain us? ____13____ The most likely choice is Mars, which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment more friendly than that of other planets. Mars has fascinated people since ancient times, and today our interest in Martian exploration is greater than ever before. Since the 1960s, we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars. ____14____ Our robots have explored the Martian surface, testing the soil and searching for resources, water and signs of life. However, sending people there will require all the skill, courage and intelligence of the human race. While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation. And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth — ever. ____15____ As early as the 1980s, scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert, consisting of a closed space in which people, animals and plants could live together. Although the two-year experiment was a failure, it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet. Anyway, human settlement of Mars is still decades away. In the meantime, scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting warmer. This change is being caused by human activity and is having a terrible effect on the globe. ____16____ A. That definitely is a big step forward. B. Right now, it’s the only one we have. C. One option is to explore other planets to see if we could live on them. D. Staying alive will be a daily challenge, but isn’t impossible, as proved by scientists. E. Our probes have orbited the planet, sending back valuable data and stunning images. F. Today, however, environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth. G. Until we are finally able to live on another planet, we need to take far better care of our own. III．完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Growing up, I hated sports, especially the fierce battle over a single ball. I always wondered why crowds were so ____17____ watching games. To me, games seemed absolutely ____18____. Weeks ago, during a class basketball match, the gym was ____19____ and everyone was cheering on the sidelines, while I stood there ____20____ with my arms crossed. However, as the game heated up, the air rang with deafening yells. The players were wonderful. They moved quickly, passing the ball with perfect timing. It was as if they could read each other’s ____21____, each knowing ____22____ where the others were. The captain took the lead in the attack, occasionally nodding or gesturing to encourage his teammates. As the game progressed, I started to feel something ____23____. I found myself ____24____ along with the crowd. Words like “You got this!” and “Keep pushing!” escaped my lips. The players’ passion and spirit were so ____25____ that even I was pulled into the atmosphere. At the wonderful shot, I clapped ____26____, my heart racing. When the ball was ____27____, I felt genuinely let down, That day, I came to a new ____28____ of the love and effort players put into every play. Sports aren’t just about winning; they’re about supporting each other, fighting for a ____29____ goal, and enjoying the thrill of the game. It’s the ____30____ of sports that drives people to engage and excites me to get ____31____, too. 17. A. glued to B. tired of C. proud of D. worried about 18. A. fun B. cruel C. boring D. meaningful 19. A. closed B. packed C. prepared D. built 20. A. unwillingly B. eagerly C. patiently D. nervously 21. A. rules B. skills C. dreams D. minds 22. A. exactly B. slightly C. gradually D. hardly 23. A. warm B. terrifying C. familiar D. different 24. A. shouting B. criticizing C. laughing D. shaking 25. A. ideal B. romantic C. infectious D. explosive 26. A. politely B. wildly C. confidently D. carefully 27. A. kicked B. passed C. lost D. adjusted 28. A. job B. agreement C. decision D. understanding 29. A. unrealistic B. shared C. secret D. individual 30. A. reward B. history C. promise D. spirit 31. A. annoyed B. moved C. involved D. praised 第II卷 非选择题（满分38分） IV．单词填空（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分；每空一词） 32. After working as a teacher for 40 years, Ms. Lee felt a mix of relief and nostalgia (怀旧) when she talked about her upcoming ________ (退休). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 33. Every time I visit my hometown, the old street always brings back sweet ________ (回忆) of my childhood with friends. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 34. The ________ (紧张气氛) between the two teams became obvious when they argued over the unfair referee decision. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 35. In last year’s local ________ (选举), Mr. Wang won most votes because of his promise to improve public transport. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 36. With the development of technology, traditional books are gradually being ________ (取代) by e-books in some libraries. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 37. When the teacher asked a question, most students kept silent, with only Tom ________ (回应) actively. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 38. The thief tried ________ (伪装) himself as a delivery man to enter the building without being noticed. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 39. John was very sad because his application to his dream university was ________ (拒绝) for his low English score. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 40. Instead of taking a ________ (被动) attitude towards life, you should set clear goals and work hard for them. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 41. My little sister cried loudly after being ________ (被咬) by a small dog while playing in the park. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) V．短语填空（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分；每空一词） 42. When her mother was ill in bed, Mary ________ ________ (照料) her every need, from cooking meals to washing clothes. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 43. ________ ________ ________ (作为回应) the students’ request, the school decided to extend the library opening hours. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 44. A new park was built ________ ________ ________ (纪念) the soldiers who died in the war to protect the country. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 45. Learning a foreign language requires ________ ________ ________ ________ (大量的) practice, so you need to keep reading and speaking every day. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 46. After losing all his money in the business, the man sat on the street ________ ________ (绝望), not knowing what to do next. (根据汉语提示完成句子) VI．单句语法填空（共8小题；每小题1分，满分8分） 47. ________ (decorate) homes with red lanterns and couplets adds a vivid and warm touch to the Spring Festival atmosphere. (所给词的适当形式填空) 48. I would like to make a complaint ________ the noise made by my neighbors is insufferable. (用适当的词填空) 49. ________ (earn) a living, some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown. (所给词的适当形式填空) 50. We were seeking shelter in a small cabin ________ the storm suddenly hit the mountain. (用适当的词填空) 51. It was in the morning ________ I was finally spotted by a ship. (用适当的词填空) 52. ________ impressed me most was that schools could provide students with various learning resources. (用适当的词填空) 53. The exact location of the missing plane has not been _______ (determine) yet. （所给词的适当形式填空） 54. Teachers insisted that students ________ (finish) their homework to the fullest extent. (所给词的适当形式填空) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 天道酬勤 厚积薄发 2024级高二年级上学期 假期作业验收考试 第I卷 选择题（满分62分） I．阅读理解（共11小题；每小题2分，满分22分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Music festivals are for everyone! Here are some of the top music festivals across America this festival season. Coachella Music Festival | Indio, California As one of the most famous music and arts festivals in the world, Coachella brings together a diverse range of artists and music styles, from rock to hip-hop. It is not only a celebration of music but also a showcase of art, with exhibits and visual experiences. Electric Daisy Carnival | Las Vegas, Nevada This festival is one of the world’s largest electronic dance music (EDM) festivals. It is not just about the music; it’s a sensory journey, combining advanced technology, colorful visuals, and a sense of community among partygoers, making it a highlight of the global EDM festivals. Pickathon | Happy Valley, Oregon Known for its relaxing, community-driven atmosphere, Pickathon focuses on a variety of music types, including folk, world music, and more. The festival is recognized for its theme on an eco-friendly environment with a commitment to reducing its environmental impact. When We Were Young | Las Vegas, Nevada This festival, celebrating the old-time sounds of the early 2000s, brings together some of the biggest names from the pop-punk scenes, featuring legendary bands and artists from the 2000s. The event offers a trip down memory lane for those who fondly remember the golden era of pop-punk music. 1. Which festival will attract electronic dance music lovers? A. Pickathon. B. When We Were Young. C. Electric Daisy Carnival. D. Coachella Music Festival. 2. What do Pickathon and When We Were Young have in common? A. They offer an eco-friendly trip. B. They are held in the same state. C. They each have a central theme. D. They perform traditional music. 3. In which section of the newspaper would this text most likely appear? A. Business. B. Health. C. Science. D. Culture. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是美国各地的音乐节。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Electric Daisy Carnival | Las Vegas, Nevada部分“This festival is one of the world’s largest electronic dance music (EDM) festivals.(这个音乐节是世界上最大的电子舞曲（EDM）音乐节之一。)”可知，Electric Daisy Carnival会吸引电子舞曲爱好者。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Pickathon | Happy Valley, Oregon部分“The festival is recognized for its theme on an eco-friendly environment with a commitment to reducing its environmental impact.(该节日以环保为主题，致力于减少对环境的影响。)”和When We Were Young | Las Vegas, Nevada部分“This festival, celebrating the old-time sounds of the early 2000s, brings together some of the biggest names from the pop-punk scenes, featuring legendary bands and artists from the 2000s.(这个节日，庆祝21世纪初的旧时代声音，汇集了流行朋克场景中的一些最知名的人物，展示了21世纪的传奇乐队和艺术家。)”可知，这两个节日都有一个中心主题。故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Music festivals are for everyone! Here are some of the top music festivals across America this festival season.(音乐节适合每个人！以下是这个音乐节季美国各地的一些顶级音乐节。)”可知，本文主要介绍了美国各地的音乐节，这些音乐节是文化活动的一部分，因此最有可能出现在报纸的文化版块。故选D。 B It all started on a stoop (门廊). I picked up a book and started reading to the neighborhood kids. When I finished reading, the kids didn’t want story time to stop. So I said, “You guys can read a book at home.” “We don’t have any books at home.” they responded. It was an unpleasant reminder that there are children who don’t have a single book at home. As a public librarian, I quickly realized that the kids that I saw coming into the library weren’t the same ones I was reading to out on my front stoop. I learned about something called book deserts. A book desert is an area or a community with limited access to books and reading materials. I was aware that I wasn’t going to meet my neighbors who need it most inside library’s walls. So I quit my job and took to the streets, becoming a street librarian who is doing work to increase literary access outside of traditional settings. Book deserts are often found in economically disadvantaged areas, where bookstores and libraries are not enough. Lower-income neighbors may lack the resources to buy books from the bookstore or pay library fines. Residents may be working multiple jobs or facing hardships that make a trip to the library an additional stress. Requirement of identification, fines and fees, all while seemingly normal, can become difficult for families facing hardships. Therefore, I’m making books appear in everyday places in extraordinary ways. I fix free public book vending machines (自助售书机), host street-corner story times, and pop up on the block with free bookstores, so kids who don’t have McDonald’s money don’t have to worry about having book-fair money. You’ll find me delivering books to your front stoop. I have delivered 5,000 books to children living in book deserts. I believe everyone is a reader. They just haven’t found the right book yet. And that’s where librarians step in. We must meet them where they are and guide them along that journey. 4. What inspired the author to become a street librarian? A. The kids’ lack of books at home. B. The kids’ request for more stories. C. Her love for reading books on stoops. D. Her curiosity for seeking book deserts. 5. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The causes of book deserts. B. The struggles of a street librarian. C. The challenges of working more jobs. D. The importance of traditional libraries. 6. How does the author help kids in book deserts? A. By lowering book prices. B. By donating money to them. C. By inviting them to schools. D. By providing free books. 7. What can we conclude from the text? A. Street libraries will replace public ones. B. Librarians should reach out to readers. C. Libraries should maintain traditional rules. D. Book deserts exist even in rich areas. 【答案】4. A 5. A 6. D 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从公共图书馆馆员转变为街头图书馆员，致力于解决书籍荒漠问题，为孩子们提供免费书籍的故事。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中““We don’t have any books at home.” they responded. It was an unpleasant reminder that there are children who don’t have a single book at home. (“我们家里没有任何书。”他们回答道。这让人很不舒服地想起，有些孩子家里一本书都没有)”以及第三段中“So I quit my job and took to the streets, becoming a street librarian who is doing work to increase literary access outside of traditional settings. (所以我辞去了工作，走上街头，成为一名街头图书馆员，致力于在传统环境之外增加文学接触机会)”可知，作者成为街头图书馆员的灵感来自于孩子们家里没有书这一事实。故选A。 【5题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Book deserts are often found in economically disadvantaged areas, where bookstores and libraries are not enough. Lower-income neighbors may lack the resources to buy books from the bookstore or pay library fines. Residents may be working multiple jobs or facing hardships that make a trip to the library an additional stress. Requirement of identification, fines and fees, all while seemingly normal, can become difficult for families facing hardships. (书籍荒漠通常出现在经济不发达地区，那里的书店和图书馆数量不足。低收入的邻居可能缺乏从书店买书或支付图书馆罚款的资源。居民可能同时打几份工，或面临困难，这使得去图书馆成为一种额外的压力。身份证明、罚款和费用，尽管看似正常，但对于面临困难的家庭来说可能会变得困难)”可知，本段主要讲述了书籍荒漠形成的原因，包括经济不发达、书店和图书馆数量不足、低收入家庭缺乏资源以及居民面临的多重压力等。故选A。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Therefore, I’m making books appear in everyday places in extraordinary ways. I fix free public book vending machines (自助售书机), host street-corner story times, and pop up on the block with free bookstores, so kids who don’t have McDonald’s money don’t have to worry about having book-fair money. You’ll find me delivering books to your front stoop. I have delivered 5,000 books to children living in book deserts. (因此，我正在以非凡的方式让书籍出现在日常场所。我修理免费的公共图书自动售货机，在街角举办故事时间，并在街区开设免费书店，这样没有麦当劳钱的孩子就不必担心没有书展的钱。你会发现我把书送到你家门口。我已经给生活在书籍荒漠中的孩子们送去了5000本书)”可知，作者通过提供免费书籍来帮助书籍荒漠中的孩子们。故选D。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“I believe everyone is a reader. They just haven’t found the right book yet. And that’s where librarians step in. We must meet them where they are and guide them along that journey. (我相信每个人都是读者。他们只是还没有找到合适的书。这就是图书馆员介入的地方。我们必须在他们所在的地方与他们相遇，并引导他们完成这段旅程)”可知，作者认为图书馆员应该主动接触读者，引导他们找到合适的书籍，因此可以得出结论，图书馆员应该主动接触读者。故选B。 C Certain values carry more weight in spring and autumn than in summer and winter. As leaves fall, snow sweeps in or flowers blossom, humans change in measurable ways, too. Research suggests that emotions, eating habits, and even favorite colors vary across the year. And now a study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA shows how moral values can also change. For the study, researchers examined over 230,000 online surveys collected over ten years, mainly from Americans, with smaller groups in Canada, Australia, and the U.K.. The surveys used a social science model called “moral foundation s theory (道德基础理论)” which identifies five core values guiding human behavior. These include loyalty (staying true to one’s own group), authority (respecting leaders and rules), and purity (avoiding wrongdoing), classified as “group-focused values” as they help communities stay connected. The remaining two—care (protecting others from harm) and fairness (treating people equally)—are termed “self-focused values” concerning personal rights. One explanation for seasonal changes could be anxiety (焦虑). Data from 90,000 surveys and internet searches indicate that anxiety peaks in spring and autumn. Psychologist Brian O’ Shea explains, “Anxiety makes people feel threatened, leading them to distrust outsiders and seek safety within their own groups.” These emotional shifts could affect not only everyday decisions but also broader social events such as court decisions, elections, or public health policies. However, experts say the data mostly come from rich Western countries. Psychologist Ivory Toldson warns that while these findings work for wealthy groups, they may not be true for marginalized ones facing different problems. Lead researcher Ian Hohm agrees the pattern doesn’t affect everyone equally, but notes that the study shows how seasons influence human psychology. “Humans are seasonal beings,” says psychiatrist Norman Rosenthal, known for studying seasonal mood changes. “Our inner feelings directly impact our actions.” This research reminds us that nature’s rhythms quietly guide our moral judgement. 8. How does “moral foundations theory” support the research? A. It analyses the diversity of human behaviors. B. It compares moral values in various cultures. C. It provides five values to measure moral changes. D. It proves the significant role of “group-focused values”. 9. What is the possible impact of anxiety during stressful seasons? A. Threatening safety of outsiders. B. Promoting respect for moral rules. C. Increasing focus on personal rights. D. Influencing social decision-making. 10. What does the underlined word “marginalized” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Respected. B. Disadvantaged. C. Educated. D. Disabled. 11. What is Norman’s attitude toward seasonal impact on human behavior? A. Curious. B. Doubtful. C. Confident. D. Reserved. 【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍一项研究，阐述了道德价值观会随季节变化而改变的现象，并解释了可能的原因，同时指出了该研究的局限性，向读者说明季节对人类道德判断的影响这一科学发现。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The surveys used a social science model called “moral foundation s theory (道德基础理论)” which identifies five core values guiding human behavior. These include loyalty (staying true to one’s own group), authority (respecting leaders and rules), and purity (avoiding wrongdoing), classified as “group-focused values” as they help communities stay connected. The remaining two — care (protecting others from harm) and fairness (treating people equally)—are termed “self-focused values” concerning personal rights.(这些调查采用了社会科学领域的“道德基础理论”模型，该模型界定了指导人类行为的五大核心价值观：包括忠诚（对所属群体忠诚）、权威（尊重领导者和规则）、纯洁（避免错误行为）—— 这三类被归为“群体导向价值观”，有助于维系社区联结；剩余两类 —— 关怀（保护他人免受伤害）和公平（平等待人）——则被称为“自我导向价值观”，关乎个人权利。)”可知，道德基础理论界定了五大核心价值观（忠诚、权威、纯洁、关怀、公平），研究者通过这些价值观来衡量道德变化。故选C。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“These emotional shifts could affect not only everyday decisions but also broader social events such as court decisions, elections, or public health policies.(这些情绪波动不仅会影响日常决策，还可能对法庭裁决、选举或公共卫生政策等重大社会事件产生影响。)”可知，焦虑引发的情绪波动会影响“法庭裁决、选举、公共卫生政策”等社会决策。故选D。 【10题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在语境“However, experts say the data mostly come from rich Western countries. Psychologist Ivory Toldson warns that while these findings work for wealthy groups, they may not be true for marginalized ones facing different problems.(然而，专家指出这些数据主要来自富裕的西方国家。心理学家Ivory Toldson警告称，尽管这些发现适用于富裕群体，但对面临不同问题的……群体可能不成立。)”可推测，“marginalized”与“wealthy groups”形成对比，且后文提到这些群体“facing different problems（面临不同问题）”，可推断其指“处于不利地位的”群体。选项B“Disadvantaged”，意为“不利的”，与此相符。故选B。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Humans are seasonal beings,” says psychiatrist Norman Rosenthal, known for studying seasonal mood changes. “Our inner feelings directly impact our actions.” This research reminds us that nature’s rhythms quietly guide our moral judgement.(以研究季节性情绪变化闻名的精神病学家Norman Rosenthal表示：“人类是季节性生物，内心感受会直接影响行为。”这项研究提醒我们，自然的节律正悄然指引着我们的道德判断。)”可知，Norman Rosenthal语气坚定，明确肯定了季节对人类行为的影响。故选C。 II．七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was that the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles. ____12____ Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy. But they are also preparing for the worst: what can we do if the earth can no longer sustain us? ____13____ The most likely choice is Mars, which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment more friendly than that of other planets. Mars has fascinated people since ancient times, and today our interest in Martian exploration is greater than ever before. Since the 1960s, we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars. ____14____ Our robots have explored the Martian surface, testing the soil and searching for resources, water and signs of life. However, sending people there will require all the skill, courage and intelligence of the human race. While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation. And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth — ever. ____15____ As early as the 1980s, scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert, consisting of a closed space in which people, animals and plants could live together. Although the two-year experiment was a failure, it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet. Anyway, human settlement of Mars is still decades away. In the meantime, scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting warmer. This change is being caused by human activity and is having a terrible effect on the globe. ____16____ A. That definitely is a big step forward. B. Right now, it’s the only one we have. C. One option is to explore other planets to see if we could live on them. D. Staying alive will be a daily challenge, but isn’t impossible, as proved by scientists. E. Our probes have orbited the planet, sending back valuable data and stunning images. F. Today, however, environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth. G. Until we are finally able to live on another planet, we need to take far better care of our own. 【答案】12. F 13. C 14. E 15. D 16. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章先指出过去人们担心核导弹会毁灭人类，如今环境问题成了地球生命的最大威胁，接着探讨了探索火星移民的可能性，最后强调在能移居其他星球前要爱护地球。 【12题详解】 上文“In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was that the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles.(在20世纪60年代和70年代，最大的担忧是人类，甚至可能是地球上所有的高级生命形式，都可能被核导弹消灭)”说明过去最大的担忧是核导弹对人类的威胁。F选项“Today, however, environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth.(然而，如今环境问题已成为地球上生命面临的最大风险)”与上文形成对比，指出现在最大的威胁变成了环境问题，同时引出下文“Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy. But they are also preparing for the worst: what can we do if the earth can no longer sustain us?(科学家们正在考虑降低这种风险的方法，比如用可再生能源取代煤炭和石油。但他们也在为最坏的情况做准备：如果地球不能再养活我们，我们该怎么办？)”科学家对应对环境问题的思考，与上文逻辑连贯。故选F项。 【13题详解】 上文“Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy. But they are also preparing for the worst: what can we do if the earth can no longer sustain us?(科学家们正在想办法降低这种风险，比如用可再生能源取代煤炭和石油。但他们也在为最坏的情况做准备：如果地球再也无法维持我们的生存，我们该怎么办?)”提出地球可能无法维持人类生存的问题。C选项“One option is to explore other planets to see if we could live on them.(一个选择是探索其他行星，看看我们是否能在上面生活)”针对上文问题给出了探索其他行星的解决方案，同时引出下文“The most likely choice is Mars, which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment more friendly than that of other planets.(最有可能的选择是火星，它离地球相对较近，环境比其他行星更友好)”对火星情况的介绍。故选C项。 【14题详解】 上文“Since the 1960s, we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars.(自20世纪60年代以来，我们一直在向火星发射无人航天器)”说明人类向火星发射了无人航天器。E选项“Our probes have orbited the planet, sending back valuable data and stunning images.(我们的探测器已经环绕这颗行星飞行，发回了宝贵的数据和惊人的图像)”进一步描述了这些无人航天器(探测器)的工作情况，与上文内容衔接紧密。故选E项。 【15题详解】 上文“While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation. And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth — ever.(虽然几天内就能到达月球，但到达火星需要几个月时间，还要穿越危险的太阳辐射。而且，即使第一批定居者能安全到达火星，他们可能永远也无法回到地球)”强调了前往火星以及在火星生存的困难。D选项“Staying alive will be a daily challenge, but isn’t impossible, as proved by scientists.(生存将是每天都要面临的挑战，但并非不可能，科学家已经证明了这一点)”既承接上文提到的生存困难，又通过“并非不可能”给出积极的观点，与上文逻辑连贯。故选D项。 【16题详解】 上文“In the meantime, scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting warmer. This change is being caused by human activity and is having a terrible effect on the globe.(与此同时，科学研究表明，地球正在变暖。这种变化是由人类活动引起的，正在对地球造成可怕的影响)”指出人类活动对地球造成了不良影响。G选项“Until we are finally able to live on another planet, we need to take far better care of our own.(在我们最终能够在另一个星球上生活之前，我们需要更好地爱护我们自己的星球)”基于上文的问题，提出在能移居其他星球前要爱护地球的建议，与上文逻辑一致，总结全文。故选G项。 III．完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Growing up, I hated sports, especially the fierce battle over a single ball. I always wondered why crowds were so ____17____ watching games. To me, games seemed absolutely ____18____. Weeks ago, during a class basketball match, the gym was ____19____ and everyone was cheering on the sidelines, while I stood there ____20____ with my arms crossed. However, as the game heated up, the air rang with deafening yells. The players were wonderful. They moved quickly, passing the ball with perfect timing. It was as if they could read each other’s ____21____, each knowing ____22____ where the others were. The captain took the lead in the attack, occasionally nodding or gesturing to encourage his teammates. As the game progressed, I started to feel something ____23____. I found myself ____24____ along with the crowd. Words like “You got this!” and “Keep pushing!” escaped my lips. The players’ passion and spirit were so ____25____ that even I was pulled into the atmosphere. At the wonderful shot, I clapped ____26____, my heart racing. When the ball was ____27____, I felt genuinely let down, That day, I came to a new ____28____ of the love and effort players put into every play. Sports aren’t just about winning; they’re about supporting each other, fighting for a ____29____ goal, and enjoying the thrill of the game. It’s the ____30____ of sports that drives people to engage and excites me to get ____31____, too. 17. A. glued to B. tired of C. proud of D. worried about 18. A. fun B. cruel C. boring D. meaningful 19. A. closed B. packed C. prepared D. built 20. A. unwillingly B. eagerly C. patiently D. nervously 21. A. rules B. skills C. dreams D. minds 22. A. exactly B. slightly C. gradually D. hardly 23. A. warm B. terrifying C. familiar D. different 24. A. shouting B. criticizing C. laughing D. shaking 25. A. ideal B. romantic C. infectious D. explosive 26. A. politely B. wildly C. confidently D. carefully 27. A. kicked B. passed C. lost D. adjusted 28. A. job B. agreement C. decision D. understanding 29. A. unrealistic B. shared C. secret D. individual 30. A. reward B. history C. promise D. spirit 31. A. annoyed B. moved C. involved D. praised 【答案】17. A 18. C 19. B 20. A 21. D 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. D 31. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了一次现场看比赛的经历让作者改变了对体育的理解：体育不仅仅是为了赢；它们是关于相互支持，为共同的目标而奋斗，享受游戏的刺激。 【17题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：我一直想知道为什么人们如此专注于观看比赛。A. glued to全神贯注于；B. tired of厌倦；C. proud of为……自豪；D. worried about担心。根据上文“I hated sports”以及“always wondered why crowds…”可知，作者讨厌运动，所以此处是不理解别人为什么专注于看比赛，故选A。 【18题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，比赛似乎很无聊。A. fun有趣的；B. cruel残酷的；C. boring无聊的，令人厌倦的；D. meaningful有意义的。根据上文“I hated sports”可知，作者讨厌运动，所以比赛对作者来说很无聊，故选C。 【19题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几周前，在一场班级篮球比赛中，体育馆挤满了人，每个人都在场边欢呼，而我却不情愿地站在那里，双臂交叉。A. closed关闭的；B. packed拥挤的；C. prepared准备好的；D. built建造成的。根据上文“during a class basketball match”和下文“everyone was cheering on the sidelines”可知，比赛现场应是挤满了人，故选B。 【20题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. unwillingly不愿意地；B. eagerly急切地；C. patiently耐心地；D. nervously紧张地。根据上文提到作者讨厌运动和下文“with my arms crossed”可知，作者在比赛现场不情愿地站着，故选A。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们仿佛能读懂对方的心思，每个人都准确知道对方在哪里。A. rules规则；B. skills技巧；C. dreams梦想；D. minds心思。根据上文“They moved quickly, passing the ball with perfect timing.(他们移动迅速，传球的时机恰到好处)”和下文“each knowing ___6___ where the others were”可知，运动员们配合默契，仿佛都能读懂对方的心思，故选D。 【22题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. exactly准确地；B. slightly轻微地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. hardly几乎不。根据上文“They moved quickly, passing the ball with perfect timing.(他们移动迅速，传球的时机恰到好处)”可知，每个人都准确知道对方在哪里，故选A。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着比赛的进行，我开始有了一些不同的感觉。A. warm温暖的；B. terrifying可怕的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. different不同的。根据下文“I found myself ___8___ along with the crowd. Words like ‘You got this!’ and ‘Keep pushing!’ escaped my lips.”可知，作者和之前不同了，开始参与到比赛中，故选D。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我发现自己和观众一起大喊。A. shouting大喊；B. criticizing批评；C. laughing大笑；D. shaking摇晃，摇头。根据上文“everyone was cheering on the sidelines”和下文“Words like ‘You got this!’ and ‘Keep pushing!’ escaped my lips.”可知，作者开始和人群一起大喊，故选A。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：球员们的激情和精神是如此具有感染力，甚至我也被拉进了这种气氛中。A. ideal理想的；B. romantic浪漫的；C. infectious有感染力的；D. explosive爆炸的。根据下文“even I was pulled into the atmosphere”可知，球员们的激情和精神是如此具有感染力，甚至作者也被拉进了这种气氛中，故选C。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：看到这精彩的进球，我疯狂地鼓掌，心跳加速。A. politely礼貌地；B. wildly疯狂地；C. confidently自信地；D. carefully仔细地。根据上文提到作者被现场氛围感染以及后文“my heart racing”可知，看到精彩之处作者疯狂鼓掌，故选B。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当输球的时候，我真的很失望。A. kicked踢球得分；B. passed传递；C. lost失去，输；D. adjusted调整。根据下文“I felt genuinely let down”可知，作者感到失望，推知球员输了球，故选C。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那一天，我对球员在每场比赛中所付出的爱和努力有了新的理解。A. job工作；B. agreement协议；C. decision决定；D. understanding理解。根据下文“Sports aren’t just about winning; they’re about supporting each other”可知，作者对运动有了新的理解，故选D。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：体育不仅仅是为了赢；它们是关于相互支持，为共同的目标而奋斗，享受游戏的刺激。A. unrealistic不现实的；B. shared共同的；C. secret秘密的；D. individual个人的。根据上文“they’re about supporting each other”和语境可知，比赛相互支持是为了赢，故此处指为了共同的目标奋斗，故选B。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是体育的精神促使人们参与其中，也激励着我参与其中。A. reward回报；B. history历史；C. promise承诺；D. spirit精神。根据上文“The players’ passion and spirit were so ___9___ that even I was pulled into the atmosphere.”可知，作者被运动员的热情和精神感染，所以此处指体育精神促使人们参与其中，故选D。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. annoyed恼怒的；B. moved感动的；C. involved参与，卷入的；D. praised被赞扬的。根据上文“even I was pulled into the atmosphere”可知，作者也参与其中，故选C。 第II卷 非选择题（满分38分） IV．单词填空（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分；每空一词） 32. After working as a teacher for 40 years, Ms. Lee felt a mix of relief and nostalgia (怀旧) when she talked about her upcoming ________ (退休). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】retirement 【解析】 【详解】句意：当谈到即将到来的退休时，做了40年教师的李老师感到既解脱又怀旧。根据汉语提示“退休”可知，应填入名词 retirement，作介词 about 的宾语。 33. Every time I visit my hometown, the old street always brings back sweet ________ (回忆) of my childhood with friends. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】memories 【解析】 【详解】句意：每次我回到家乡，这条老街总是唤起我和朋友们童年的甜蜜回忆。根据汉语提示“回忆”可知，对应的英语单词是memory，结合语境可知，童年的回忆通常不止一个，且作宾语，故应用其复数形式memories。 34. The ________ (紧张气氛) between the two teams became obvious when they argued over the unfair referee decision. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】tension 【解析】 【详解】句意：当两队因裁判的不公判罚发生争执时，他们之间的紧张气氛变得明显起来。根据汉语提示“紧张气氛”可知，此处为名词tension，在句子中作主语。 35. In last year’s local ________ (选举), Mr. Wang won most votes because of his promise to improve public transport. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】election 【解析】 【详解】句意：在去年的地方选举中，王先生因为承诺改善公共交通而赢得了最多的选票。表示“选举”用名词election，此处作介词in的宾语，被形容词local修饰。 36. With the development of technology, traditional books are gradually being ________ (取代) by e-books in some libraries. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】replaced 【解析】 【详解】句意：随着技术的发展，在一些图书馆里，传统书籍正逐渐被电子书取代。表示“取代”用动词replace。此处表示“正在被取代”，应该使用现在进行时的被动语态结构即am/is/are being + 过去分词。replace的过去分词为replaced。 37. When the teacher asked a question, most students kept silent, with only Tom ________ (回应) actively. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】responding 【解析】 【详解】句意：当老师问问题时，大多数学生都默不作声，只有汤姆积极回应。根据汉语提示可知是动词respond，此处为with的复合结构，Tom与respond之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词responding。 38. The thief tried ________ (伪装) himself as a delivery man to enter the building without being noticed. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】disguising 【解析】 【详解】句意：小偷试着伪装成送货员，想要不被察觉地进入这栋大楼。根据汉语提示“伪装”可知，此处为动词disguise，try doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“试着做某事”，空处需填动名词形式disguising，作宾语。 39. John was very sad because his application to his dream university was ________ (拒绝) for his low English score. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】rejected 【解析】 【详解】句意：约翰非常伤心，因为他申请理想大学的申请因为英语成绩低而被拒绝了。根据汉语提示“拒绝”可知，此处为动词reject，主语his application（申请）与“reject”之间是被动关系，此处应填动词的过去分词形式，构成一般过去时的被动语态。 40. Instead of taking a ________ (被动) attitude towards life, you should set clear goals and work hard for them. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】passive 【解析】 【详解】句意：你不应该对生活采取被动的态度，而应该设定明确的目标并为之努力。表示“被动的”用形容词passive作定语，修饰名词attitude。 41. My little sister cried loudly after being ________ (被咬) by a small dog while playing in the park. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】bitten 【解析】 【详解】句意：我的小妹妹在公园玩耍时被一只小狗咬了之后大声哭了起来。根据汉语提示“被咬”可知，此处需用动词bite，与逻辑主语之间为被动关系，结合being可知，此处使用动名词的被动语态being bitten作宾语。 V．短语填空（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分；每空一词） 42. When her mother was ill in bed, Mary ________ ________ (照料) her every need, from cooking meals to washing clothes. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 ①. tended ②. to 【解析】 【详解】句意：当母亲生病卧床时，玛丽照顾她的方方面面，从做饭到洗衣服。根据汉语提示可，“照料”可用短语tend to表达，陈述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时，tend的过去式为tended。 43. ________ ________ ________ (作为回应) the students’ request, the school decided to extend the library opening hours. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 ①. In ②. response ③. to 【解析】 【详解】句意：作为对学生们请求的回应，学校决定延长图书馆的开放时间。根据汉语提示可知，“作为回应”对应固定短语in response to，该短语为介词短语，在句中作状语，句首单词首字母大写。 44. A new park was built ________ ________ ________ (纪念) the soldiers who died in the war to protect the country. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 ①. in ②. memory ③. of 【解析】 【详解】句意：为纪念那些在保卫国家的战争中牺牲的战士，一座新公园建成了。“纪念”是固定短语in memory of。 45. Learning a foreign language requires ________ ________ ________ ________ (大量的) practice, so you need to keep reading and speaking every day. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 ①. a ②. great ③. deal ④. of 【解析】 【详解】句意：学习一门外语需要大量的练习，因此你每天都需要坚持阅读和口语练习。根据汉语提示和语境可知，短语为a great deal of，修饰practice。 46. After losing all his money in the business, the man sat on the street ________ ________ (绝望), not knowing what to do next. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 ①. in ②. despair 【解析】 【详解】句意：这个人做生意赔光了所有的钱之后，绝望地坐在街上，不知道接下来该怎么办。根据汉语提示，表示“绝望”含义的固定短语为in despair，在句中作伴随状语。 VI．单句语法填空（共8小题；每小题1分，满分8分） 47. ________ (decorate) homes with red lanterns and couplets adds a vivid and warm touch to the Spring Festival atmosphere. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Decorating 【解析】 【详解】考查动名词。句意：用红灯笼和对联装饰房屋为春节氛围增添了生动而温暖的感觉。“(decorate) homes with red lanterns and couplets”在句中作主语，用动名词decorating作主语；句首单词首字母大写。故填Decorating。 48. I would like to make a complaint ________ the noise made by my neighbors is insufferable. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】句意：我想投诉一下，我邻居发出的噪音实在难以忍受。空格处引导同位语从句，解释说明先行词complaint的具体内容，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此用that引导同位语从句。 49. ________ (earn) a living, some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】To earn 【解析】 【详解】句意：为了谋生，一些人在中国城开设了商店和餐馆。此处earn作目的状语用不定式，句首单词首字母大写。 50. We were seeking shelter in a small cabin ________ the storm suddenly hit the mountain. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【解析】 【详解】句意：暴风雨突然袭击这座大山时，我们正在一间小木屋里躲避。固定句型sb. be doing sth. when…表示“某人正在做某事，这时突然……”，符合句意。 51. It was in the morning ________ I was finally spotted by a ship. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】句意：正是在早上，我终于被一艘船发现了。强调句的基本形式是：It is/was+被强调部分+that+句子其他成分，对时间状语in the morning进行强调，需填that。 52. ________ impressed me most was that schools could provide students with various learning resources. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】What 【解析】 【详解】句意：让我印象最深的是学校能够为学生提供各种各样的学习资源。这里考查主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“……的事物”，应用连接代词what，置于句首首字母大写。 53. The exact location of the missing plane has not been _______ (determine) yet. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】determined 【解析】 【详解】考查动词的语态。句意：失踪飞机的确切位置尚未确定。分析句子结构可知，主语The exact location与动词determine之间是被动关系，此处使用了现在完成时的被动语态，其结构为“have/has been + 过去分词”，所以空处应用其过去分词determined。故填determined。 54. Teachers insisted that students ________ (finish) their homework to the fullest extent. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】should finish##finish 【解析】 【详解】句意：老师们坚持要求学生充分完成他们的家庭作业。insist表示“坚持要求”时，其后宾语从句使用虚拟语气，从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形”，should可以省略。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $