Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World Grammar and usage 语法 Verb-ed过去分词作定语、状语、宾语补足语 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版必修第三册

该高中英语导学案聚焦必修三Unit 4语法，核心内容为过去分词作定语、状语、宾语补足语。课堂导入通过观察4个原句引导学生识别过去分词成分，先实例感知，再归纳总结其表被动或完成的功能，随后分作定语、状语、宾语补足语三模块，结合定义、例句及即学即练，构建从具体到抽象的学习支架。 资料亮点在于“即学即练”即时巩固与“非谓语动词解题七大原则”方法提炼，助力学生系统掌握语法规则，提升语言理解与表达能力。通过实例观察与归纳总结，培养分析、推断的思维品质，优化学习策略，符合新课标核心素养要求，适用于课堂教学与学生自主学习。

必修三语法合集 Uit4语法Verb-ed过去分词作定语、状语、宾语补足语 观察下列课堂原句并说出动词ed形式充当什么句子成分。 1.The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria 过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰不定代词something,逻辑关系：something和 produce为被动关系（物质被霉菌产生）=定语从句：something that was produced by the mould 2.Surprised by this,Fleming performed some tests 过去分词短语作原因状语，1 eming与surprise是被动关系(Fleming was surprised by this)=状语从句：Because he was surprised by this,Fleming performed some tests. 3....and his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started 过去分词作宾语补足语，get+宾语(mass production)+done,mass production和 start被动关系（大规模生产被启动) 4.A water and soil conservation project set up in 1989 resulted in farmers replacing their crops with trees or grass. set up过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面名词project,project(项目)和set up （建立)是被动关系项目被建立， 归纳总结： 过去分词（短语）在句中通常表被动或完成，可作定语（修饰名词，表被动完 成)、状语（表时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等，逻辑主语为句子主语）、宾语 补足语（补充说明宾语的状态/动作，常见于get/have/with等结构） 一、作定语 及物动词的ed形式通常表示被动和完成意义；不及物动词的ed形式仅仅表 示完成 1.前置定语：单个的动词的ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。 He is a respected teacher in our school 在我们学校他是一位受尊敬的老师。 2.后置定语：动词的ed形式短语作定语通常要置于被修饰的名词之后。一 般均可以转换为一个定语从句。 The experience gained(=which/that has been gained)will be of great value to us 获得的经验将对我们很有价值。 The suggestion sent to the committee(=which/that had been sent to the committee)was adopted. 呈送给委员会的建议被采纳了。 [即学即练1]单句语法填空 1Because of pollution,the caught(catch)fish were not fit to eat. 2Jim has retired,but he still remembers the happy time spent(spend)with his students 3The book,written(write)by Lu Xun,is popular with many Chinese people 4Do you remember the problems discussed(discuss )at the last meeting? 二、作状语 动词d形式作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，与主语是被动关系。动词 ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件等词。均可以转换成相应的状语从句。 1.作时间状语。 When offered help,one often says Thank you"or It's kind of you". 当被提供帮助时，人们常说谢谢你”或你真好”。 2.作原因状语。 Praised in class,Anne felt happy. 在课堂上受到了表扬，安妮感到高兴。 3.作条件状语。 If taken according to the directions,the drug has no side effects. 如果按照说明服用，这种药没有副作用。 4.作伴随状语。 The teacher came into the lab,followed by some students. 老师进了实验室，后面跟着一些学生。 [即学即练2] 单句语法填空 2 DRaised(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow,he had a long,hard road to become a football star 2Approached(approach)in this way,your fiiendship will soon be repaired. 3The lady returned home,followed(follow)by Holmes. 三、作宾语补足语 作宾补的多是及物动词的ed形式，说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构 成复合宾语，前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语。 1.以下两类动词后可接动词的ed形式作宾补： (I)表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see,watch,observe,find,hear,feel, notice,hink等。 DI heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 2He found his purse lost. 他发现他的钱包丢了。 (2)表示致使意义的动词。如：have,make,get等。 3I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 4He got his tooth pulled out yesterday 他昨天把牙拔了。 (3)在with/without复合结构中也可用动词的ed形式作宾补。 With this sum added,we will have enough money for the trip 如果加上这笔金额，我们这次旅行的钱就够了。 With everything well arranged,he left the office. 一切安排妥当后，他离开了办公室。 2.动词的ed形式作宾补表示的意义。 (1)表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作。如例句②，10st表示 的动作显然先于谓语动词found。 (2)表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。如例句③及④中cut my hair 和pull out his tooth是动宾关系。 3 [即学即练3]单句语法填空。 1Whatever she said,she couldn't make herself understood (understand). ②Something 18 wrong with my watch. I must have repaired (repair). 3I was walking in the street when I heard my name called (call) 4With many brightly-coloured flowers planted (plant)around the building,his house looks like a beautiful garden. 非谓语动词解题七大原则 原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式。 原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-g。 原则三：用作结果状语时，可用img或不定式，其区别是，一般用ing,表示一 定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式作结果状语表示非逻辑的结 果，即结果在意料之外。 原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作 尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式：如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-g 的被动式。 原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致。 原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可 用不定式的完成式或-ing的完成式)。 原则七：用于名词后作定语时：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生：用g,表示动 作正在进行：用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。 课后练习 一，单句语法填空 1.Caught(catch)in a heavy rain,the new manager missed the important meeting. 2.Attracted(attract)by a particular article in a magazine,she bought it. 3.The speaker asked them to find the balloons that had their name written(write)on within five minutes. 4.He felt his collar pulled(pull)by someone from behind. 5.It is a large city surrounded(surround)by mountains and the climate is nice 4 6.Influenced(influence)mainly by Joy,most of Riley's memories are happy ones. 7.These interests were increased with more time spent(spend)in the deserts of Arizona. 8.The polluted (pollute)river has become a serious problem in this small town 9.The bridge built (build)last year is the longest one in this area. 10. Praised (praise)by the teacher,the students felt more confident than before. 11 Seen (see)from the top of the mountain,the whole city looks more beautiful. 12. Given (give)more time,we could finish the task perfectly 13.We should have the document signed (sign)before the meeting starts. 14.With the problem solved (solve),they felt quite relaxed. 15.The story written (write)by a middle school student is very popular online 16. Encouraged (encourage)by his parents,he kept on practicing playing the piano 17.Without any notice left (leave),he left the company suddenly. 18.The students punished (punish)for being late will stay in the classroom after school. 二.完成句子。 1.Here are all the important papers for you to read (邮递给我 ]from European countries. 2. (穿着她最好的衣服)，he girl tried to (使她自己引人注目)at the party 3 (当被问及出生在哪里时)，he said he was a New Yorker 4.The old man entered the hall. (被一群孩子跟着) 5.I noticed (困惑的表情)on her face when you gave the answer.It was clear that she didn't quite follow you. 6.After a knock at the door,the child (听到有人叫 他的名字) 7.We should keep (告知他们)what is going on here,sowe must keep in touch with them. 8.Jim has retired,but he still remember the happy time (和他的学生一起度过) 1.delivered to us 2.Dressed in her best clothes;make herself noticed 3.When asked where he was born 4.followed by a group of children 5.a puzzled/confused look 6.heard his name called 7.them informed of 8.spent with his students 三.非谓语动词综合练习 1.He raised his voice in order to make himself heard (hear) 2.There are many ways to reduce (reduce)stress.You can organize your work or studies 3.I tend to set (set)a goal for every subject at the beginning of each term 4.He suddenly woke up at midnight when he heard someone knocking (knock)at his door. 5.The student will never forget those days when several soldiers took turns to look (look)after him after the disaster. 6.It is difficult to attract the animals to cameras hidden (hide)in snowy forests 7.His ambition is to become (become)a successful painter. 8.His loving and selfless nature has inspired me to become (become)more considerate Encouraged (encourage)by his parents,he kept on practicing the piano every day 10.With the work finished (finish),we went out to celebrate. 11.You lose weight for a while,only to gain (gain)back more weight when you stop your weight loss program. 12.There are guided tours to the active volcano,giving(give)travelers a chance to see nature scenery 13.The book based (base)on his own experience is a great success. 14.The scenic park surrounded (surround)by a small river is open to the 6 public. 15.The country should make an effort to build (build)an environment which is beneficial to the growth of the economy. 16.It is important for people to master (master)at least one foreign language in modern society. 17.The young man vlunteering(volunteer)to help others is well-known in our neighbourhood. 18. Offering (offer)help to people in need,you will get a sense of achievement. 19.The full moon reflected (reflect)on the surface of the lake was beautiful. 20. Having suffered (suffer)from heart trouble for years,Professor White 21.She was the first person to win (win)three gold medals in this competition. 22.The bell ringing (ring),all the students rushed out of the classroom 四.语法填空 Covering an area of around 6 million square kilometres,the Amazon rainforest is the 36 (large)rainforest in the world.It is home to a great 37 (various)of plant life,however,its soil is 38 (surprise)poor in nutrients.In fact,the soil in the region cannot support agriculture for more than a few years.If a scientist is shown a report 39 (list)the nutrients of that soil,he or she will probably think that only desert plants can survive in it!Then why is the soil so poor in nutrients?For one thing,the rainy season has an impact 40 the soil.In the rainy season,the water level can rise to more than 12 metres.41 the water goes away,it takes away the nutrients in the soil.For another thing,due to the Amazon's hot climate,it is difficult for the soil 42 (build)up enough nutrients.Dead plants and animals 43 (break)down more quickly.The nutrients are soon taken in by the roots of the plants deep beneath the ground.As a result,most of the forest's nutrients are locked up in the plants 44 (they), thus allowing them to grow at 45 unbelievable speed. 【答案】36.largest > 37.variety 38.surprisingly 39.listing 40.on 41.When 42.to build 43.are broken 44.themselves 45.an 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍亚马逊雨林土壤贫瘠的原因及植物生 长状况。 【36题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：亚马逊雨林占地约600万平方公里，是世界上最大 的雨林。根据空前的定冠词he以及范围in the world可知，亚马逊雨林是世界 上最大的雨林，所以此处应用形容词large的最高级形式largest。.故填largest。 【37题详解】 考查名词。句意：它是各种植物生命的家园，然而，它的土壤营养出奇地贫瘠。 根据空前的aeat以及空后的of可知，此处应用名词variety,构成固定短语 a great variety of,表示“各种各样的”。故填variety。 【38题详解】 考查副词。句意：它是各种植物生命的家园，然而，它的土壤营养出奇地贫瘠。 空处修饰空后的形容词poor,此处应用副词surprisingly作状语，表示惊人地， 令人惊讶地”。故填surprisingly。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果给一位科学家看一份列出该土壤营养成分的报告， 他或她可能会认为只有沙漠植物才能在其中生存！此处应用非谓语动词作后置定 语，修饰名词epot,且report与ist之间是主动关系，所以应用现在分词形 式listing。故填1 isting。 【40题详解】 考查介词。句意：一方面，雨季对土壤有影响。固定短语have an impact on,表 示对...有影响，空处应用介词0n。故填on。 8 【41题详解】 考查连词。句意：当水退去时，它会带走土壤中的养分。此处引导时间状语从句， 表示当...时候”，应用连词when,位于句首，首字母大写。故填When。 【42题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：另一方面，由于亚马逊的炎热气候，土壤很难积累足够 的养分。此处应用动词不定式作真正的主语，t作形式主语，构成固定句型ts difficult for sb./sth.to do sth.,表示对某人/某物来 说做某事是困难的”。故填to build。 【43题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：死去的植物和动物分解得更快。此处为句子的谓语动词， 且主语Dead plants andanimals与break down之间是被动关系，所以应用被动 语态，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动 词用are。故填are broken。. 【44题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：结果，森林的大部分养分都锁在植物本身中，从而使它们 能够以一种难以置信的速度生长。此处指代plants,作同位语，应用反身代词 themselves来强调主语本身。故填themselves。 【45题详解】 考查冠词。句意：结果，森林的大部分养分都锁在植物本身中，从而使它们能够 以一种难以置信的速度生长。根据空后的nbelievable speed可知，此处应用不 定冠词修饰名词speed,.表示一种难以置信的速度”，unbelievable的发音以元 音音素开头，应用an。故填an。 必修三语法合集 Unit 4语法 Verb-ed过去分词作定语、状语、宾语补足语 观察下列课堂原句并说出动词ed形式充当什么句子成分。 1. The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria. 2. Surprised by this, Fleming performed some tests. 3. …and his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started. 4. A water and soil conservation project set up in 1989 resulted in farmers replacing their crops with trees or grass. 归纳总结： 过去分词（短语）在句中通常表被动或完成，可作定语（修饰名词，表被动/完成）、状语（表时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等，逻辑主语为句子主语）、宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的状态/动作，常见于get/have/with等结构） 一、作定语 及物动词的ed形式通常表示被动和完成意义；不及物动词的ed形式仅仅表示完成。 1．前置定语：单个的动词的ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。 He is a respected teacher in our school. 在我们学校他是一位受尊敬的老师。 2．后置定语：动词的ed形式短语作定语通常要置于被修饰的名词之后。一般均可以转换为一个定语从句。 The experience gained(＝which/that has been gained)will be of great value to us. 获得的经验将对我们很有价值。 The suggestion sent to the committee(＝which/that had been sent to the committee)was adopted. 呈送给委员会的建议被采纳了。 [即学即练1]　单句语法填空 ①Because of pollution, the___________(catch) fish were not fit to eat. ②Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time___________(spend) with his students. ③The book, ___________(write ) by Lu Xun, is popular with many Chinese people. ④Do you remember the problems___________(discuss )at the last meeting? 二、作状语 动词ed形式作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，与主语是被动关系。动词ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件等词。均可以转换成相应的状语从句。 1．作时间状语。 When offered help，one often says“Thank you”or“It's kind of you”． 当被提供帮助时，人们常说“谢谢你”或“你真好”。 2．作原因状语。 Praised in class，Anne felt happy. 在课堂上受到了表扬，安妮感到高兴。 3．作条件状语。 If taken according to the directions，the drug has no side effects. 如果按照说明服用，这种药没有副作用。 4．作伴随状语。 The teacher came into the lab，followed by some students. 老师进了实验室，后面跟着一些学生。 [即学即练2]单句语法填空 ①___________(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to become a football star. ②___________(approach) in this way，your friendship will soon be repaired. ③The lady returned home,___________(follow) by Holmes. 三、作宾语补足语 作宾补的多是及物动词的ed形式，说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语。 1．以下两类动词后可接动词的ed形式作宾补： (1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see，watch，observe，find，hear，feel，notice，think等。 ①I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 ②He found his purse lost. 他发现他的钱包丢了。 (2)表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have，make，get等。 ③I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 ④He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。 (3)在with/without复合结构中也可用动词的ed形式作宾补。 With this sum added，we will have enough money for the trip. 如果加上这笔金额，我们这次旅行的钱就够了。 With everything well arranged, he left the office. 一切安排妥当后，他离开了办公室。 2．动词的ed形式作宾补表示的意义。 (1)表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作。如例句②，lost表示的动作显然先于谓语动词found。 (2)表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。如例句③及④中cut my hair和pull out his tooth是动宾关系。 [即学即练3]　单句语法填空。 ①Whatever she said, she couldn’t make herself___________(understand). ②Something is wrong with my watch. I must have it ___________(repair). ③I was walking in the street when I heard my name ___________ (call). ④With many brightly-coloured flowers___________plant）around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden. 非谓语动词解题七大原则 原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式。 原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing。 原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其区别是，一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。 原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动式。 原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致。 原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或-ing的完成式）。 原则七：用于名词后作定语时：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生；用-ing，表示动作正在进行；用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。 课后练习 一．.单句语法填空。 1. ___________(catch) in a heavy rain，the new manager missed the important meeting. 2. ___________(attract) by a particular article in a magazine，she bought it. 3. The speaker asked them to find the balloons that had their name ___________(write) on within five minutes. 4. He felt his collar ___________ (pull) by someone from behind. 5. It is a large city ___________(surround) by mountains and the climate is nice. 6. ___________(influence) mainly by Joy，most of Riley's memories are happy ones. 7. These interests were increased with more time ___________(spend) in the deserts of Arizona. 8. The ___________ (pollute) river has become a serious problem in this small town. 9. The bridge ___________ (build) last year is the longest one in this area. 10. ___________ (praise) by the teacher, the students felt more confident than before. 11. ___________ (see) from the top of the mountain, the whole city looks more beautiful. 12. ___________ (give) more time, we could finish the task perfectly. 13. We should have the document___________ (sign) before the meeting starts. 14. With the problem ___________ (solve), they felt quite relaxed. 15. The story ___________ (write) by a middle school student is very popular online. 16. ___________ (encourage) by his parents, he kept on practicing playing the piano. 17. Without any notice ___________(leave), he left the company suddenly. 18. The students ___________ (punish) for being late will stay in the classroom after school. 2． 完成句子。 1. Here are all the important papers for you to read, ______________ (邮递给我们) from European countries. 2. __________________ (穿着她最好的衣服), the girl tried to ________________ (使她自己引人注目) at the party. 3. ________________________ (当被问及出生在哪里时), he said he was a New Yorker. 4. The old man entered the hall, ______________ (被一群孩子跟着). 5. I noticed ______________ (困惑的表情) on her face when you gave the answer. It was clear that she didn't quite follow you. 6. After a knock at the door, the child ______________________ (听到有人叫他的名字). 7. We should keep ______________ (告知他们) what is going on here, so we must keep in touch with them. 8. Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time ____________________ (和他的学生一起度过). 三．非谓语动词综合练习。 1. He raised his voice in order to make himself___________ (hear). 2. There are many ways____________(reduce) stress. You can organize your work or studies. 3. I tend ___________ (set) a goal for every subject at the beginning of each term. 4. He suddenly woke up at midnight when he heard someone ___________(knock) at his door. 5. The student will never forget those days when several soldiers took turns___________ (look) after him after the disaster. 6. It is difficult to attract the animals to cameras ___________(hide) in snowy forests. 7. His ambition is ___________ (become) a successful painter. 8. His loving and selfless nature has inspired me ____________(become) more considerate. 9. ___________ (encourage) by his parents, he kept on practicing the piano every day. 10. With the work ___________ (finish), we went out to celebrate. 11. You lose weight for a while, only___________(gain) back more weight when you stop your weight loss program. 12. There are guided tours to the active volcano,___________(give) travelers a chance to see nature scenery 13. The book ___________(base) on his own experience is a great success. 14. The scenic park ___________(surround) by a small river is open to the public. 15. The country should make an effort___________(build) an environment which is beneficial to the growth of the economy. 16. It is important for people ___________(master) at least one foreign language in modern society. 17. The young man___________ (volunteer) to help others is well-known in our neighbourhood. 18. ___________ (offer) help to people in need, you will get a sense of achievement. 19. The full moon___________(reflect) on the surface of the lake was beautiful. 20. ___________(suffer) from heart trouble for years, Professor White 21. She was the first person ___________ (win) three gold medals in this competition. 22. The bell___________(ring), all the students rushed out of the classroom. 四．语法填空。 Covering an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is the ____36____ (large) rainforest in the world. It is home to a great ____37____ (various) of plant life; however, its soil is ____38____(surprise) poor in nutrients. In fact, the soil in the region cannot support agriculture for more than a few years. If a scientist is shown a report ____39____ (list) the nutrients of that soil, he or she will probably think that only desert plants can survive in it! Then why is the soil so poor in nutrients? For one thing, the rainy season has an impact____40____ the soil. In the rainy season, the water level can rise to more than 12 metres. ____41____ the water goes away, it takes away the nutrients in the soil. For another thing, due to the Amazon’s hot climate, it is difficult for the soil ____42____ (build) up enough nutrients. Dead plants and animals ____43____ (break) down more quickly. The nutrients are soon taken in by the roots of the plants deep beneath the ground. As a result, most of the forest’s nutrients are locked up in the plants ____44____ (they), thus allowing them to grow at ____45____unbelievable speed. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $