Unit 2 Natural Disasters Grammar and usage 语法 动词不定式作定语、作结果状语 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版必修第三册

该高中英语导学案聚焦必修三Unit 2动词不定式作定语、结果状语及非谓语动词用法，通过课本原句观察引导学生分析成分，先归纳非谓语动词整体功能，再分述不定式六种用法，搭建从具体到抽象的学习支架。 资料融合原句观察、归纳表格、梯度练习（即学即练、课后综合、真题填空），助力学生通过分析归纳提升语言理解与表达能力，培养逻辑思维品质，同时多样化习题设计引导主动运用学习策略，提升学习效率。

必修三语法合集 Unit 2语法 动词不定式：作定语、作结果状语 观察下列课本原句并观察不定式做什么句子成分。 1. ..... that was one of the cities to be hit. 2. I had enough food and water to last a whole week! 3. There was nothing for me to do but stay inside. 4. …turned on the TV for some local news, only to hear that a hurricane was on its way. 5. I looked out of the window, only to see huge trees lying across the street… 归纳总结： 动词的非谓语形式包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分词和过去分词两种形式。它们在句子中不能单独作谓语。 非谓语动词在句中可用作主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语和宾语补足语。 形式 功能 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补足语 动词不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词-ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词-ed形式 √ √ √ √ 不定式的用法：常做主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾补、状语，否定形式为not to do，常用被动形式为to be done。 一．做主语 To learn a foreign language well is very hard.=(It is very hard to learn a foreign language well.)学好一门外语很难。 注意：不定式或不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语即不定式放在后面，构成以下结构： 1. It's +adj +（for/of sb.) to do sth. 做某事（对某人来说）是怎样的 2. It takes/took sb. time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少时间 3. It's one's duty to do sth.做某事是某人的责任 4. It's the best way to do sth. 这是做某事的最佳方法 5. It's a great honor for sb. to do sth.某人很荣幸做某事 It takes ten years to grow trees, but a hundred years to rear people. [谚] 十年树木，百年树人。 It’s a great honor for me to have the opportunity to introduce my hometown.我深感荣幸有机会介绍我的家乡。 二．做宾语 在afford, agree, arrange, choose, claim, desire, expect, fail, hope, intend, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, wish等动词后, 常接动词不定式作宾语。 注意：find，think,consider,make,feel等词后接的宾语为从句或动词不定式时，常用it做形式主语，真正的宾语（从句/动词不定式）后置。 He managed to pass the exam but I failed to finish my task. 他成功地通过了考试, 但是我没有完成我的任务。 He refused to comment on the issue. 他拒绝对这个问题作任何评论。 I feel it necessary to keep an electronic dictionary at hand. 我感觉手头带着一部电子词典很有必要。 三．做宾语补足语 1. 在expect, forbid, force, order, permit, request, warn等动词后, 常接“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构, 动词不定式作补语。 He warned us to be careful. 他警告我们要小心。 We expect him to answer our questions with patience. 我们期望他耐心地回答我们的问题。 2. see, hear, notice, watch, feel等动词后的补语。 (1)接不带to的动词不定式作补语, 表示动作的整个过程; (2)接动词-ing形式作补语, 表示动作正在进行, 与宾语之间是主动关系; (3)接动词的-ed形式作补语常表示被动意义, 与宾语之间是被动关系。 I saw him cross the street and enter a shop. 我看见他穿过马路然后进了一家商店。 I saw him crossing the street. 我看见他正在过马路。 I saw him knocked down on the street. 我看见他在街上被撞倒了。 3. 在使役动词have, let, make后用省略to的动词不定式作补语。have, make后面还可以用动词-ed形式作补语常表示被动意义, 与宾语之间是被动关系。have可以接动词-ing形式作补语, 表示动作正在进行, 与宾语之间是主动关系。 The policeman let the suspect tell the truth. 警察让嫌疑犯如实交代。 He raised his voice to make himself heard. 为了让其他人听到他的声音, 他提高了嗓门。 【注意】 动词不定式作补语易错提醒 三使、一感觉、两听、五看、半帮助(have, make, let, feel, hear, listen to, watch, see, look at, observe, notice, help)等动词在主动语态中, 后面作补语的动词不定式不可带to, 但是被动语态必须加上to。 I am often made by the teacher to rewrite the composition. 老师经常让我重写作文。 She was seen to help an injured old man near the bank. 有人看见她在银行附近帮助了一位受伤的老人。 四．做定语 不定式作定语：放在所修饰的名词或代词后，常表示未发生的事情，二者在逻辑上既可是主谓关系，也可是动宾关系。动词不定式做定语时应放在被修饰词的后面。常用于下列情形： (1)动词不定式做定语表示将来的还没有发生的动作。 There are many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the moon. 在我们准备长时间待在月球上之前，还有许多要处理的问题。 We're to hold a meeting half an hour. The decision to be made at the meeting will influence the future of our company. 我们半小时后将要进行一个会议。会议上做出的决定将影响我们公司的未来。 (2)序数词、形容词最高级或 the last/the only/the very等后常用不定式做定语。 He was the best man to do the job. 他是做这个工作的最佳人选。 He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个来,最后一个走。 He is the only one to win the game. 他是唯一一个赢得这场比赛的人。 (3)抽象名词time, way, reason, chance, ability, promise 等后常用不定式做定语。 He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow. 他许诺明天按时来这儿。 Interest is as vital to learning as the ability to understand, even more so. 兴趣对于学习来说，同理解能力一样重要，甚至更重要。 (4)something, nothing, anything等不定代词后常用动词不定式做定语。 Do you have anything to say? 你有什么要说的吗？ There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的 [即学即练1]　单句语法填空 ①His first book ___________(publish) next month is based on a true story. ②He is the first student ___________(finish) the homework in our class, and this is the most wonderful plan___________ (protect) the environment. ③She is now looking for a room___________(live) in. ④For 25 days，she never left her baby, not even to find something___________(eat)! 五．做状语 动词不定式做状语，表达目的、结果、原因、条件等逻辑关系，本单元的结果状语，往往表示“令人意想不到的意思，其中以“使人不愉快的结果”较为常见。动词不定式之前常加上only，以加强语气。 1. 目的状语。 结构：to do / in order to do / so as to do（in order to 可放句首，so as to 一般不放句首） 2. 结果状语 （1）only to do：表示出乎意料、不愉快的结果（最常考） He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.（他匆匆赶到车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。） （2）adj./adv. enough to do：表示“足够……去做某事”（肯定结果） （3）too...to do：表示“太……而不能……”（否定结果） 3. 原因状语 结构：be + adj. + to do [即学即练2] ①He spared no effort ___________ (master) advanced skills so as to compete with top players nationwide. ②He got home only ___________(learn) that his grandfather was ill. ③When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ___________(cool)the house during the hot day. ④She was quite delighted ___________ (invite) to attend the international conference. 六．做表语 动词不定式可以在句中用作表语, 说明主语所指的内容,放在系动词的后面。 His aim is to become an astronaut in the future. 他的目标是将来成为一名宇航员。 My goal is to be a scientist.我的目标就是当一名科学家 课后练习 一．单句语法填空。 1. Only this man was strong enough ___________ (lift) the heavy stone. 2. The question ___________ (discuss) next year has something important to do with our daily life. 3. The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___________ (improve) water quality. 4. With a lot of homework___________ (do), I can't go skating with you. 5. His first book ___________ (publish) next month is based on a true story. 6. His wish is ___________ (buy) a luxurious car in the near future. 7. It is stupid of you ___________ (write) down everything that the teacher says. 8. The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult ___________ (tell) one from the other. 9. The task is too difficult for beginners___________ (finish) in such a short time. 10. He rushed to the lecture hall, only ___________(discover) the activity had already ended. 11. She went to the booking office, only ___________(inform) that all tickets had been sold out. 12. This is the best way ___________ (develop) good learning habits in high school. 13. Many teenagers choose ___________(devote) their spare time to meaningful activities. 14. Our headteacher always inspires us __________(challenge) ourselves in daily study. 15. It is a great honor for me__________ (share) my learning methods with you all. 16. He is the first student in our class __________ (volunteer) to take part in the community activity. 17. She felt extremely grateful __________(give) such a precious chance to improve herself. 18. He is the only person __________(take) on this difficult and meaningful task. 19. We reminded him __________ (not waste) his spare time on meaningless online games. 20. ___________ (balance) study and daily life properly, we need to make a reasonable plan every week. 二．完成句子。 1. It’s too noisy outside to ________________ my study. 2. According to the scientists, the little polar bear will be the first _______________(在极端寒冷中幸存下来). 3. They acquired an opportunity _____________________(他们获得了提前了解真相的机会), so that they could be well prepared. 4. They think e-mail is a convenient way____________________________. (是一种朋友保持联系的便捷方式) 5. As the star player on the team, he always felt the pressure to ________________. (不辜负每个人的期望) 6. She was____________________________________________in the Olympic Games.她是第一位在奥运会上赢得金牌的女性。(不定式作定语) 7. He found that everyone had gone when he arrived at the port. (用过去分词改写句子) →He arrived at the port, only_______________________________ 三．使用本单元所学语法(动词不定式作定语和结果状语) 知识补全下面语段 As we all know, natural disasters happen every year. They are destructive, which cause many deaths and injuries. After a terrible disaster, people return their home only 1.________________(发现一切被破坏了). People should learn 2.________________(保护自己的一些方法) to increase chances 3.________(存活) in disasters. When a disaster occurs, the first thing 4.________(要做)is to keep your head. Otherwise, you may be too scared to 5.________________(采取适当的措施) to escape. With more knowledge of disasters, people 6.________________(有能力应对) emergency properly.  四．语法填空（长郡期末真题） Have you ever seen a movie actor at one time or another ____36____ (face) with a difficult problem: just how much thought he should allow to go into his work? Views are divided whether his acting should ____37____ (control) by his emotions or his thoughts. First are those who say that an actor must feel the part he is playing. The greatest actors have always been those who wore ____38____ (them) out in an hour’s time, because they felt the emotions they were acting out. The second group declares that all this is nonsense and that if an actor really felt his part, he would lose control of himself, and perhaps ____39____ (actual) murder some other actor in a fight scene. Acting is an art ____40____ the artist can express things that he does not feel. Still a third school declares that both these views are wrong, and that acting is neither ____41____ matter of thought nor of emotion, but is purely imitative. The ____42____ (true) of it seems to be that all of them are partly right and partly wrong. The great stars of the movies today, when one is able ____43____ (draw) them out on the subject, say that when ____44____ (act) they are thinking not about one thing but about several things. The brain is divided into different sections, and while one section is thinking about the part, another section is entering into it, while still a third section is busying itself _____45_____ questions about the cameraman and the director. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $必修三语法合集 Unit2语法动词不定式：作定语、作结果状语 观察下列课本原句并观察不定式做什么句子成分。 1......that was one of the cities to be hit. to be hit修饰cities,.不定式被动作后置定语，表“将要被.” 2.I had enough food and water to last a whole week! to last修饰food and water,表事物的用途。当不定式作定语，常放在被修饰名词。 3.There was nothing for me to do but stay inside. for me to do不定式复合结构作后置定语，修饰nothing→“我可以做的（事情）， 可以积累高频句式：there is nothing for sb to do but do sth 4.turned on the TV for some local news,only to hear that a hurricane was on its way. only to do:引出出乎意料、意料之外的结果。 5.I looked out of the window,only to see huge trees lying across the street... only to do:引出出乎意料、意料之外的结果。 归纳总结： 动词的非谓语形式包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式；其中分词又包含 现在分词和过去分词两种形式。它们在句子中不能单独作谓语。 非谓语动词在句中可用作主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语和宾语补足语。 形式 功能 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补足语 动词不定式 动词-ing形式 动词-ed形式 不定式的用法：常做主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾补、状语，否定形式为not to do,常用被动形式为to be done。 一、做主语 To learn a foreign language well is very hard.=(It is very hard to learn a foreign language well.)学好一门外语很难。 1 注意：不定式或不定式短语作主语时，常用t作形式主语，而把真正的主语即 不定式放在后面，构成以下结构： (I)It's+adj+(for/ofsb.)to do sth.做某事（对某人来说）是怎样的 (2)It takes/took sb.time to do sth.做某事花费某人多少时间 (3)It'sone's duty to do sth.做某事是某人的责任 (4)It's the best way to do sth.这是做某事的最佳方法 (S)It's a great honor for sb..to do sth.某人很荣幸做某事 It takes ten years to grow trees,but a hundred years to rear people..[谚]十年树木， 百年树人。 It's a great honor for me to have the opportunity to introduce my hometown..我深感荣 幸有机会介绍我的家乡。 二。做宾语 afford,agree,arrange,choose,claim,desire,expect,fail,hope, intend, offer,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等动词后，常接动词不定式作 宾语。 注意：find,think,consider,,make,feel等词后接的宾语为从句或动词不定式时， 常用t做形式主语，真正的宾语（从句/动词不定式）后置。 He managed to pass the exam but I failed to finish my task. 他成功地通过了考试，但是我没有完成我的任务。 He refused to comment on the issue. 他拒绝对这个问题作任何评论。 I feel it necessary to keep an electronic dictionary at hand. 我感觉手头带着一部电子词典很有必要。 三.做宾语补足语 l.在expect,forbid,.force,.order,permit,.request,.warn等动词后，常接“名词/代词 +动词不定式”结构，动词不定式作补语。 He warned us to be careful. 他警告我们要小心。 2 We expect him to answer our questions with patience. 我们期望他耐心地回答我们的问题。 2.see,hear,notice,watch,feel等动词后的补语。 (1)接不带和的动词不定式作补语，表示动作的整个过程； (2)接动词-ig形式作补语，表示动作正在进行，与宾语之间是主动关系； (3)接动词的-d形式作补语常表示被动意义，与宾语之间是被动关系。 I saw him cross the street and enter a shop.我看见他穿过马路然后进了一家商店。 I saw him crossing the street.我看见他正在过马路。 I saw him knocked down on the street.我看见他在街上被撞倒了。 3.在使役动词have,let,make后用省略to的动词不定式作补语。have,make 后面还可以用动词-ed形式作补语常表示被动意义，与宾语之间是被动关系。have 可以接动词-ig形式作补语，表示动作正在进行，与宾语之间是主动关系。 The policeman let the suspect tell the truth..警察让嫌疑犯如实交代。 He raised his voice to make himself heard.为了让其他人听到他的声音，他提高 了嗓门。 【注意】动词不定式作补语易错提醒 三使、一感觉、两听、五看、半帮助have,make,let,feel,hear,listen to, watch,see,look at,observe,notice,.help)等动词在主动语态中，后面作补 语的动词不定式不可带to,但是被动语态必须加上to。 I am often made by the teacher to rewrite the composition 老师经常让我重写作文。 She was seen to help an injured old man near the bank. 有人看见她在银行附近帮助了一位受伤的老人。 四。做定语 不定式作定语：放在所修饰的名词或代词后，常表示未发生的事情，二者在逻 辑上既可是主谓关系，也可是动宾关系。动词不定式做定语时应放在被修饰词的 后面。常用于下列情形： There are many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the moon. 3 在我们准备长时间待在月球上之前，还有许多要处理的问题。 We're to hold a meeting half an hour.The decision to be made at the meeting will influence the future of our company. 我们半小时后将要进行一个会议。会议上做出的决定将影响我们公司的未来。 (2)序数词、形容词最高级或the last/the only/the very等后常用不定式做定语。 He was the best man to do the job.他是做这个工作的最佳人选。 He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个来，最后一个走。 He is the only one to win the game. 他是唯一一个赢得这场比赛的人。 (3)抽象名词time,way,reason,.chance,.ability,promise等后常用不定式做定语。 He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow 他许诺明天按时来这儿。 Interest is as vital to learning as the ability to understand,even more so. 兴趣对于学习来说，同理解能力一样重要，甚至更重要 (4)something,nothing,anything等不定代词后常用动词不定式做定语。 Do you have anything to say? 你有什么要说的吗？ There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的 [即学即练1]单句语法填空 1His first book to be published(publish)next month is based on a true story. 2He is the first student to finish (finish)the homework in our class,and this is the most wonderful plan to protect(protect)the environment. 3She is now looking for a room to live(live)in. 4For 25 days,she never left her baby,not even to find something to eat(eat)! 五，做状语 4 动词不定式做状语，表达目的、结果、原因、条件等逻辑关系，本单元的结果状 语，往往表示“令人意想不到的意思，其中以“使人不愉快的结果”较为常见。动 词不定式之前常加上only,以加强语气。 1.目的状语。 结构：todo/in order to do/so as to do(in order to可放句首，so as to一般不放 句首) 2.结果状语 (1)only to do::表示出乎意料、不愉快的结果（最常考） He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left..(他匆匆赶到车站，结果却发 现火车己经开走了。) (2)adj./adv.enough to do:表示“足够...去做某事”（肯定结果） （3)oo...to do:表示“太...而不能...”（否定结果) 3.原因状语 结构：be+adj.+todo [即学即练2] DHe spared no effort to master(master)advanced skills so as to compete with top players nationwide. 2He got home only to learn(learn)that his grandfather was ill. 3When a new day breaks,the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool(cool)the house during the hot day. 4She was quite delighted to be invited (invite)to attend the international conference. 六，做表语 动词不定式可以在句中用作表语，说明主语所指的内容，放在系动词的后面。 His aim is to become an astronaut in the future. 他的目标是将来成为一名宇航员。 My goal is to be a scientist.我的目标就是当一名科学家 课后练习 一.单句语法填空。 5 1.Only this man was strong enough to lift(lift)the heavy stone. 2.The question to be discussed(discuss)next year has something important to do with our daily life. 3.The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve(improve)water quality. 4.With a lot of homework to do(do),I can't go skating with you. 5.His first book to be published(publish)next month is based on a true story. 6.His wish is to buy(buy)a luxurious car in the near future. 7.It is stupid of you to write(write)down everything that the teacher says. 8.The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell (tell)one from the other. 9.The task is too difficult for beginners to finish (finish)in such a short time. 10.He rushed to the lecture hall,only to discover(discover)the activity had already ended. 11.She went to the booking office,only to be informed(inform)that all tickets had been sold out. 12.This is the best way to develop(develop)good learning habits in high school. 13.Many teenagers choose to devote(devote)their spare time to meaningful activities. 14.Our headteacher always inspires us to challenge (challenge)ourselves in daily study. 15.It is a great honor for me to share(share)my learning methods with you all. 16.He is the first student in our class to volunteer (volunteer)to take part in the community activity. 17.She felt extremely grateful to be given (give)such a precious chance to improve herself. 18.He is the only person to take(take)on this difficult and meaningful task. 6 19.We reminded him not to waste (not waste)his spare time on meaningless online games. 二.完成句子 1.It's too noisy outside to my study. 2.According to the scientists,the little polar bear will be the first (在极端寒冷中幸存下来)， 3.1 They acquired an opportunity (他们获得了提前了解 真相的机会)，so that they could be well prepared, 4.They think e-mail is a convenient way (是一 种朋友保持联系的便捷方式) 5.As the star player on the team,he always felt the pressure to (不辜负每个人的期望) 6.She was in the Olympic Games..她是第一位在奥运会上赢得金牌的女性。（不定式作定语） 7.He found that everyone had gone when he arrived at the port.(用过去分词改写 句子) He arrived at the port,only concentrate on;to survive the extreme cold; to know the truth ahead of time; keep in touch with friends;live up to everyone's expectations the first woman to win the gold medal;to find everyone gone 三.使用本单元所学语法（动词不定式作定语和结果状语）知识补全下面语段 As we all know,natural disasters happen every year.They are destructive,which cause many deaths and injuries.After a terrible disaster,people return their home only (发现一切被破坏了).People should learn 2 (保护自己的一些方法)to increase chances3, (存活) in disasters.When a disaster occurs,the first thing 4. (要做)is to keep your head.Otherwise,you may be too scared to 5. (采取适当的措施) to escape.With more knowledge of disasters,people 6. (有能力应 emergency properly. 1.to find everything destroyed 2.some ways to protect themselves 3.to survive 4.to do 5.take proper steps 6.have the ability to deal with 四.语法填空（长郡期末真题） Have you ever seen a movie actor at one time or another36 (face)with a difficult problem:just how much thought he should allow to go into his work? Views are divided whether his acting should 37 (control)by his emotions or his thoughts. First are those who say that an actor must feel the part he is playing.The greatest actors have always been those who wore 38 (them)out in an hour's time, because they felt the emotions they were acting out.The second group declares that all this is nonsense and that if an actor really felt his part,he would lose control of himself,and perhaps 39 (actual)murder some other actor in a fight scene. Acting is an art 40 the artist can express things that he does not feel. Still a third school declares that both these views are wrong,and that acting is neither 41 matter of thought nor of emotion,but is purely imitative.The 42 (true)of it seems to be that all of them are partly right and partly wrong. The great stars of the movies today,when one is able 43 (draw)them out on the subject,say that when 44 (act)they are thinking not about one thing but about several things.The brain is divided into different sections,and while one section is thinking about the part,another section is entering into it,while still a third section is busying itself45 questions about the cameraman and the director. 【答案】36.faced 37.be controlled 8 38.themselves 39.actually 40.where 41.a 42.truth 43.to draw 44.acting 45.with 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章围绕着演员的行为应该是由他的情感控制还是由 他的思想控制这个话题阐述了几种不同的观点。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：你可曾见过一个电影演员在某个时候面临一个难题：他 应该在工作中投入多少思考？空格处作后置定语，被修饰名词actor和动词face 之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填faced。 【37题详解】 考查情态动词的被动语态。句意：他的行为应该由他的情感控制还是由他的思想 控制，人们对此意见不一。空格处和should作谓语，主语his acting和动词control 之间为被动关系，应用情态动词的被动语态。故填be controlled。 【38题详解】 考查代词。句意：最伟大的演员总是那些能在一个小时内把自己演得筋疲力尽的 人，因为他们能感受到自己表演出来的情感。空格处作宾语，根据句意“他们自 己”是代词themselves。.故填themselves。 【39题详解】 考查副词。句意：第二组宣称所有这些都是无稽之谈，如果一个演员真的感觉到 他的角色，他会失去控制自己，也许真的会在打斗场面中谋杀其他演员。空格处 作状语，修饰动词murder,应用副词形式。故填actually。 【40题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：表演是一门艺术家可以表达他没有感觉到的东西的艺术。 空格处引导定语从句修饰先行词art,关系词在从句中作地点状语，只能用where 引导从句。故填where。 【41题详解】 9 考查冠词。句意：还有第三一派则认为这两种观点都是错误的，认为表演既不是 思想的问题，也不是感情的问题，而纯粹是模仿。matter为可数名词，此处表示 泛指，matter为辅音音标开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 【42题详解】 考查名词。句意：事实似乎是，他们所有人都部分正确，部分错误。根据空格前 的冠词The可知，空格处应填名词作主语，根据句意“事实”是truth,为不可 数名词。故填truth。 10