Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单词短语句型语法（教材考点精练）英语人教版必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦“自然灾害”主题，以词汇语法为基础、综合运用为目标的递进式单元复习训练，融合语言能力与思维品质培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |首字母/汉语提示填空|10题|考查核心词汇拼写与语境应用|围绕灾害主题词汇（如typhoon、rescue），构建“音-形-义”关联| |单词适当形式填空|10题|侧重词性转换与语法变形|从名词（destruction）、动词（strike）到形容词（shocking），形成词形变化链| |单项选择|15题|聚焦定语从句、固定搭配|以语法点（where/which引导定语从句）为纲，关联灾害场景语境| |翻译句子|10题|要求复合句式与提示词运用|整合名词性从句、非谓语等，实现从基础词汇到复杂表达的提升| |语法选择/完形/阅读|30题|综合语法应用、语篇理解与推理|从单句语法到语篇逻辑，构建“词汇-语法-语篇”三级能力体系|

Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 教材考点概览 考点夯基攻坚 小题夯基·精准突破 一、根据首字母填空（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） 根据句意及首字母提示写出单词的正确形式，每空一词。 1. When the fire broke out, the teachers quickly e________ all the students from the classroom building. 2. It is reported that the strong earthquake s________ the city at midnight, causing thousands of deaths. 3. After the earthquake, the rescue team managed to r________ three children trapped under the ruins. 4. The typhoon d________ hundreds of houses in the coastal areas, leaving many families homeless. 5. Many students were sent to the flood-hit area to a________ the victims, who were living in shelters. 二、根据汉语提示填空（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） 根据汉语提示，用本单元词汇填写单词的正确形式。 1. The ________ (台风) swept across the southern coast, bringing heavy rain and strong winds. 2. The ________ (干旱) lasted for three months, and the farmers in the area lost most of their crops. 3. After the flood, the villagers moved into the ________ (避难所) set up by the local government. 4. The earthquake measured 7.2 on the ________ (震级) scale, which shocked the whole country. 5. The government sent helicopters and medical teams to carry out ________ (救援) work in the disaster area. 3、 用单词的适当形式填空（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 结合语境，用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1. The flood ________ (effect) thousands of families living along the river last summer. 2. The news of the earthquake was really ________ (shock) to everyone present. 3. The ________ (destroy) caused by the tsunami was beyond people's imagination. 4. The man's ________ (survive) after being trapped for five days was considered a miracle. 5. The teacher spoke ________ (calm) to the frightened children, telling them not to panic. 6. Thanks to the new warning system, the ________ (reduce) in deaths has been remarkable. 7. The ________ (power) earthquake, measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale, destroyed the whole town. 8. The heavy rain continued for days, and the river rose ________ (complete) out of control. 9. The rescue workers kept ________ (dig) through the ruins day and night to find survivors. 10. The earthquake, which ________ (strike) the area at 3 a.m., was followed by a series of aftershocks. 四、单项选择（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 1. This is the village ______ the survivors took shelter after the terrible earthquake. A. where　　　　B. which　　　　C. that　　　　D. who 2. The old man told us about the flood ______ he had experienced in his childhood. A. which　　　　B. where　　　　C. what　　　　D. when 3. ______ is known to us all, natural disasters can strike at any time without warning. A. Which　　　　B. As　　　　C. What　　　　D. That 4. The people ______ houses were destroyed in the earthquake are now living in temporary shelters. A. who　　　　B. whose　　　　C. which　　　　D. whom 5. This is the school in ______ a series of safety drills are carried out every term. A. which　　　　B. that　　　　C. where　　　　D. whom 6. The government has taken many safety measures to raise people's ______ of natural disasters. A. awareness　　　　B. attention　　　　C. knowledge　　　　D. memory 7. The typhoon swept through the area ______, destroying everything in its path. A. out of nowhere　　　　B. in exchange for　　　　C. as usual　　　　D. in times of 8. We should learn to stay ______ in times of danger, because panic often makes things worse. A. calm　　　　B. calmness　　　　C. calmly　　　　D. calming 9. The rescue team carried ______ the search for the missing tourists in the mountain area. A. on　　　　B. out　　　　C. up　　　　D. off 10. The tornado, ______ had lasted for nearly an hour, left a trail of destruction behind. A. which　　　　B. who　　　　C. where　　　　D. whose 11. After the flood, many volunteers went to the disaster area out of ______ to help the victims. A. gratitude　　　　B. courage　　　　C. confidence　　　　D. surprise 12. Hearing the warning ______, the villagers ran towards the higher ground at once. A. whistle　　　　B. language　　　　C. question　　　　D. lecture 13. The landslide destroyed many houses, but luckily, no one was ______. A. trapped　　　　B. saved　　　　C. rescued　　　　D. helped 14. Tens of thousands of ______ were sent to the flood-hit area to help the people rebuild their homes. A. supply　　　　B. supplies　　　　C. supplied　　　　D. supplying 15. ______ is reported, the government has promised to provide a supply of clean water for the victims. A. It　　　　B. As　　　　C. What　　　　D. That 五、翻译句子（共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分） 要求：必须使用括号内提示词；句式灵活多样，正确运用名词性从句、时间状语从句、非谓语动词等高中核心句式，保证语句通顺、语法正确。 1. 地震来临时，保持冷静并迅速躲到坚固的桌子下面至关重要。(stay calm, in times of) 2. 这座小村庄被海啸摧毁了，村民们的房屋几乎全部倒塌。(destroy, in ruins) 3. 众所周知，预警系统在减少自然灾害造成的人员伤亡方面起着重要作用。(as is known to all, reduce mortality) 4. 这就是那支在山体滑坡中救出十多名被困村民的救援队。(rescue team, trap, 定语从句) 5. 那些房屋在地震中被毁的居民现在住在政府搭建的避难所里。(whose, shelter) 6. 洪水冲走了村庄里的一切，只留下一片废墟。(sweep away, leave) 7. 救援人员冒着生命危险把被困在废墟下的伤员一个接一个地救了出来。(risk one's life, rescue, one after another) 8. 这场地震的震级高达8.1级，给这座城市造成了巨大的破坏。(magnitude, cause damage to) 9. 为了帮助灾民重建家园，社会各界纷纷捐款捐物。(rebuild, donate) 10. 这座位于海边的城市经常遭受台风袭击，因此政府制定了一系列防范措施。(be struck by, a series of, safety measures) 综合攻坚·知能拔高 一、语法选择（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） A powerful earthquake struck the city at 3 a.m., 1________ no one had expected. In the darkness, people rushed out of their houses, 2________ were shaking violently. Many families lost their homes, and the whole city lay in ruins. The government immediately started relief work. Rescuers were sent to the areas 3________ the damage was most serious. They searched through the ruins day and night, trying to rescue those 4________ families were still missing. Meanwhile, helicopters delivered food, water and medical supplies to the places 5________ roads had been cut off. A young doctor, 6________ had just graduated from college, volunteered to go to the disaster area. He worked there for days without rest, 7________ made all the locals deeply moved. He believed that helping others was not only a duty but also a way to show his 8________ for the people who had once helped him. Now the city is being rebuilt. The new houses, 9________ are much stronger than the old ones, give the survivors hope for the future. Experts say that natural disasters can never be completely avoided, 10________ people can still reduce the damage by taking safety measures in advance. 1. A. that B. what C. which D. who 2. A. where B. which C. whose D. when 3. A. which B. when C. where D. that 4. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 5. A. where B. which C. whose D. when 6. A. which B. who C. whose D. whom 7. A. that B. what C. which D. who 8. A. curiosity B. courage C. confidence D. gratitude 9. A. where B. whose C. which D. whom 10. A. and B. so C. or D. but 二、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 It was a dark summer night. Heavy rain had been falling for hours, and the river was rising 1________. No one in the small town had expected the flood that struck so 2________ in the early morning. Wang Fang, a 16-year-old girl, was woken by the loud 3________ of the floodwater. She immediately rushed to wake her parents. "We must 4________ the house at once," her father shouted. They climbed onto the roof and waited for help. Luckily, a rescue helicopter arrived before long. The 5________ workers lowered a rope and pulled them up one by one. Looking down at their flooded home, Wang Fang could hardly 6________ her tears. "Don't worry," a rescuer said 7________. "You are safe now." The next morning, the family was taken to a 8________ set up by the government. There they received food, clean water and warm clothes. Many volunteers came to help, and some even offered to 9________ the children with their lessons. Deeply moved, Wang Fang decided that she would 10________ her hometown when she grew up. 1. A. rapidly B. slowly C. quietly D. safely 2. A. safely B. suddenly C. easily D. slowly 3. A. colour B. sound C. smell D. taste 4. A. repair B. enter C. leave D. clean 5. A. factory B. farm C. rescue D. office 6. A. give up B. put forward C. look forward to D. hold back 7. A. angrily B. calmly C. nervously D. proudly 8. A. shelter B. hospital C. school D. hotel 9. A. hurt B. help C. hide D. hold 10. A. abandon B. rebuild C. remember D. forget 三、阅读理解（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） Natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and typhoons can strike at any time and cause great damage. Although scientists can hardly predict exactly when they will happen, people can still reduce the loss by learning some basic safety knowledge. Earthquakes are among the most destructive natural disasters. When an earthquake happens, the first thing to do is to stay calm. If you are indoors, hide under a strong desk or table and protect your head with your arms. Remember not to stand near windows or heavy furniture. If you are outdoors, move to an open area and stay away from buildings, trees and power lines. Floods and typhoons are also common in many coastal areas. Before a flood or typhoon arrives, the local government usually gives a warning. People should pay close attention to the warning signals and prepare enough food, water and medicine. When a flood comes, never try to walk or drive through the floodwater, because it may be much deeper and faster than it looks. In recent years, many countries have set up early warning systems to protect people from natural disasters. These systems can send information to millions of people within seconds. Experts believe that with the help of modern technology and good safety habits, the damage caused by natural disasters can be greatly reduced. 1. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To describe how terrible natural disasters are. B. To teach people how to protect themselves during natural disasters. C. To introduce the history of warning systems. D. To tell people to move away from coastal areas. 2. What should you do first when an earthquake happens? A. Run out of the building quickly. B. Stand near the window. C. Stay calm and take shelter under a strong desk. D. Drive to an open area. 3. According to Paragraph 3, what should people do before a flood arrives? A. Walk through the floodwater. B. Drive through the flooded road. C. Ignore the warning signals. D. Prepare enough food, water and medicine. 4. Why is it dangerous to walk or drive through floodwater? A. Because the water is always dirty. B. Because it may be deeper and faster than it looks. C. Because there are many fish in it. D. Because it may make people feel cold. 5. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Modern technology and good habits can help reduce the damage of natural disasters. B. Early warning systems have completely solved the problem. C. Natural disasters will disappear in the future. D. Scientists can predict all natural disasters exactly. 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 参考答案 考点夯基攻坚 小题夯基·精准突破 一、根据首字母填空 1. evacuated 2. struck 3. rescue 4. destroyed 5. aid 二、根据汉语提示填空 1. typhoon 2. drought 3. shelter 4. magnitude 5. rescue 三、用单词的适当形式填空 1. affected 2. shocking 3. destruction 4. survival 5. calmly 6. reduction 7. powerful 8. completely 9. digging 10. struck 四、单项选择 1.A 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.A 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.B 五、翻译句子 1. When an earthquake strikes, it is vital to stay calm and hide under a strong desk quickly. 2. The small village was destroyed by the tsunami, and almost all the villagers' houses lay in ruins. 3. As is known to all, warning systems play an important role in reducing the mortality caused by natural disasters. 4. This is the rescue team that saved more than ten trapped villagers in the landslide. 5. The residents whose houses were destroyed in the earthquake are now living in the shelters set up by the government. 6. The flood swept away everything in the village, leaving nothing but ruins. 7. The rescue workers risked their lives to rescue the injured trapped under the ruins one after another. 8. The earthquake, which measured 8.1 on the magnitude scale, caused great damage to the city. 9. To help the victims rebuild their homes, people from all walks of life donated money and supplies. 10. The city by the sea is often struck by typhoons, so the government has worked out a series of safety measures. 综合攻坚·知能拔高 一、语法选择 1-5 CBCDA 6-10 BCDCD 二、完形填空 1-5 ABBCC 6-10 DBABA 三、阅读理解 1-5 BCDBA 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 教材考点概览 考点夯基攻坚 小题夯基·精准突破 一、根据首字母填空（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） 根据句意及首字母提示写出单词的正确形式，每空一词。 1. When the fire broke out, the teachers quickly e________ all the students from the classroom building. 【答案】(e)vacuated 【解析】句意：火灾发生时，老师们迅速把全体学生从教学楼疏散出来。根据句意、首字母提示及固定搭配evacuate sb. from（把某人从……疏散）可知，此处填动词evacuate。动作发生在过去，用过去式。 2. It is reported that the strong earthquake s________ the city at midnight, causing thousands of deaths. 【答案】(s)truck 【解析】句意：据报道，这次强地震于午夜袭击了该市，造成数千人死亡。根据句意、首字母提示及时间状语at midnight可知，此处填strike的过去式struck。 3. After the earthquake, the rescue team managed to r________ three children trapped under the ruins. 【答案】(r)escue 【解析】句意：地震后，救援队设法救出了被困在废墟下的三个孩子。根据句意、首字母提示及固定搭配rescue sb. trapped（营救被困的人）可知，此处填动词rescue。manage to后用动词原形。 4. The typhoon d________ hundreds of houses in the coastal areas, leaving many families homeless. 【答案】(d)estroyed 【解析】句意：台风摧毁了沿海地区的数百座房屋，使许多家庭无家可归。根据句意、首字母提示可知，此处填destroy的过去式，表示“摧毁”。 5. Many students were sent to the flood-hit area to a________ the victims, who were living in shelters. 【答案】(a)id 【解析】句意：许多学生被派往洪灾地区帮助那些住在避难所里的受灾群众。根据句意、首字母提示可知，此处填动词aid，表示“帮助、援助”。to后用动词原形。 二、根据汉语提示填空（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） 根据汉语提示，用本单元词汇填写单词的正确形式。 1. The ________ (台风) swept across the southern coast, bringing heavy rain and strong winds. 【答案】typhoon 2. The ________ (干旱) lasted for three months, and the farmers in the area lost most of their crops. 【答案】drought 3. After the flood, the villagers moved into the ________ (避难所) set up by the local government. 【答案】shelter 4. The earthquake measured 7.2 on the ________ (震级) scale, which shocked the whole country. 【答案】magnitude 5. The government sent helicopters and medical teams to carry out ________ (救援) work in the disaster area. 【答案】rescue 3、 用单词的适当形式填空（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 结合语境，用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1. The flood ________ (effect) thousands of families living along the river last summer. 【答案】affected 【解析】句意：去年夏天那场洪水影响了住在河边的数千户家庭。考查词形变化。effect→affect，affect为动词，意为“影响”。根据last summer可知用一般过去时。 2. The news of the earthquake was really ________ (shock) to everyone present. 【答案】shocking 【解析】句意：地震的消息让在场所有人都十分震惊。考查词形变化。shock→shocking，此处修饰事物news，用-ing形容词表“令人震惊的”。 3. The ________ (destroy) caused by the tsunami was beyond people's imagination. 【答案】destruction 【解析】句意：海啸造成的破坏超出了人们的想象。考查词形变化。destroy→destruction，定冠词the后接名词，作主语。 4. The man's ________ (survive) after being trapped for five days was considered a miracle. 【答案】survival 【解析】句意：那名男子被困五天之后幸存下来，被认为是一个奇迹。考查词形变化。survive→survival，形容词性物主代词后接名词。 5. The teacher spoke ________ (calm) to the frightened children, telling them not to panic. 【答案】calmly 【解析】句意：老师平静地对受惊的孩子们说话，告诉他们不要惊慌。考查词形变化。calm→calmly，修饰动词spoke，用副词。 6. Thanks to the new warning system, the ________ (reduce) in deaths has been remarkable. 【答案】reduction 【解析】句意：多亏了新的预警系统，死亡人数的下降非常显著。考查词形变化。reduce→reduction，定冠词the后接名词。 7. The ________ (power) earthquake, measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale, destroyed the whole town. 【答案】powerful 【解析】句意：这场震级高达8.0级的强震摧毁了整座城镇。考查词形变化。power→powerful，修饰名词earthquake，用形容词。 8. The heavy rain continued for days, and the river rose ________ (complete) out of control. 【答案】completely 【解析】句意：大雨连续下了好几天，河水完全失去了控制。考查词形变化。complete→completely，修饰介词短语out of control，用副词。 9. The rescue workers kept ________ (dig) through the ruins day and night to find survivors. 【答案】digging 【解析】句意：救援人员夜以继日地在废墟中挖掘，寻找幸存者。考查非谓语动词。keep doing sth.为固定用法，意为“持续做某事”，dig需双写g再加ing。 10. The earthquake, which ________ (strike) the area at 3 a.m., was followed by a series of aftershocks. 【答案】struck 【解析】句意：凌晨3点袭击该地区的地震之后又发生了一系列余震。考查动词时态。which引导定语从句，根据语境用一般过去时，strike的过去式为struck。 四、单项选择（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 1. This is the village ______ the survivors took shelter after the terrible earthquake. A. where　　　　B. which　　　　C. that　　　　D. who 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这就是大地震后幸存者们避难的那个村庄。考查定语从句。先行词为village，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用where。故选A。 2. The old man told us about the flood ______ he had experienced in his childhood. A. which　　　　B. where　　　　C. what　　　　D. when 【答案】A 【解析】句意：老人向我们讲述了他童年经历过的那场洪水。考查定语从句。先行词为flood，关系词在从句中作宾语，用which/that，故选A。 3. ______ is known to us all, natural disasters can strike at any time without warning. A. Which　　　　B. As　　　　C. What　　　　D. That 【答案】B 【解析】句意：众所周知，自然灾害随时可能毫无征兆地袭来。考查非限制性定语从句。as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个句子的内容，意为“正如”。故选B。 4. The people ______ houses were destroyed in the earthquake are now living in temporary shelters. A. who　　　　B. whose　　　　C. which　　　　D. whom 【答案】B 【解析】句意：房屋在地震中被毁的人们现在住在临时避难所里。考查定语从句。先行词为people，houses与先行词之间是所属关系，用whose作定语。故选B。 5. This is the school in ______ a series of safety drills are carried out every term. A. which　　　　B. that　　　　C. where　　　　D. whom 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这就是每学期都会进行一系列安全演练的那所学校。考查定语从句。介词+which结构，in the school在从句中作地点状语，故用in which。故选A。 6. The government has taken many safety measures to raise people's ______ of natural disasters. A. awareness　　　　B. attention　　　　C. knowledge　　　　D. memory 【答案】A 【解析】句意：政府采取了许多安全措施来提高人们对自然灾害的防范意识。考查固定搭配。raise awareness of意为“提高……的意识”。故选A。 7. The typhoon swept through the area ______, destroying everything in its path. A. out of nowhere　　　　B. in exchange for　　　　C. as usual　　　　D. in times of 【答案】A 【解析】句意：台风突然横扫该地区，摧毁了沿途的一切。考查短语辨析。out of nowhere毫无征兆地出现；in exchange for作为交换；as usual像往常一样；in times of在……时期。故选A。 8. We should learn to stay ______ in times of danger, because panic often makes things worse. A. calm　　　　B. calmness　　　　C. calmly　　　　D. calming 【答案】A 【解析】句意：危难时刻我们要学会保持冷静，因为恐慌往往会让事情更糟。考查形容词作表语。stay为系动词，后接形容词calm。故选A。 9. The rescue team carried ______ the search for the missing tourists in the mountain area. A. on　　　　B. out　　　　C. up　　　　D. off 【答案】B 【解析】句意：救援队在山区继续开展对失踪游客的搜寻工作。考查固定搭配。carry out意为“执行、开展”。故选B。 10. The tornado, ______ had lasted for nearly an hour, left a trail of destruction behind. A. which　　　　B. who　　　　C. where　　　　D. whose 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这场持续了近一小时的龙卷风留下了一片狼藉。考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为tornado，关系词在从句中作主语，用which。故选A。 11. After the flood, many volunteers went to the disaster area out of ______ to help the victims. A. gratitude　　　　B. courage　　　　C. confidence　　　　D. surprise 【答案】A 【解析】句意：洪水过后，许多志愿者怀着感激之情来到灾区帮助受灾群众。考查固定搭配。out of gratitude意为“出于感激”。故选A。 12. Hearing the warning ______, the villagers ran towards the higher ground at once. A. whistle　　　　B. language　　　　C. question　　　　D. lecture 【答案】A 【解析】句意：听到警报哨声，村民们立刻跑向高处。考查名词辨析。whistle哨声；根据“跑向高处”可知是警报声，故选A。 13. The landslide destroyed many houses, but luckily, no one was ______. A. trapped　　　　B. saved　　　　C. rescued　　　　D. helped 【答案】A 【解析】句意：山体滑坡毁坏了许多房屋，但幸运的是无人被困。考查动词辨析。be trapped意为“被困”；saved获救；rescued被营救；helped被帮助。根据but luckily可知无人被困，故选A。 14. Tens of thousands of ______ were sent to the flood-hit area to help the people rebuild their homes. A. supply　　　　B. supplies　　　　C. supplied　　　　D. supplying 【答案】B 【解析】句意：数万吨救援物资被送往洪灾地区，帮助人们重建家园。考查名词复数。tens of thousands of后接可数名词复数，supplies意为“物资、补给品”。故选B。 15. ______ is reported, the government has promised to provide a supply of clean water for the victims. A. It　　　　B. As　　　　C. What　　　　D. That 【答案】B 【解析】句意：据报道，政府已承诺为受灾群众提供清洁用水。考查非限制性定语从句。as is reported意为“正如报道的那样”，as指代整个主句内容，置于句首，故选B。 五、翻译句子（共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分） 要求：必须使用括号内提示词；句式灵活多样，正确运用名词性从句、时间状语从句、非谓语动词等高中核心句式，保证语句通顺、语法正确。 1. 地震来临时，保持冷静并迅速躲到坚固的桌子下面至关重要。(stay calm, in times of) 【参考译文】When an earthquake strikes, it is vital to stay calm and hide under a strong desk quickly. 2. 这座小村庄被海啸摧毁了，村民们的房屋几乎全部倒塌。(destroy, in ruins) 【参考译文】The small village was destroyed by the tsunami, and almost all the villagers' houses lay in ruins. 3. 众所周知，预警系统在减少自然灾害造成的人员伤亡方面起着重要作用。(as is known to all, reduce mortality) 【参考译文】As is known to all, warning systems play an important role in reducing the mortality caused by natural disasters. 4. 这就是那支在山体滑坡中救出十多名被困村民的救援队。(rescue team, trap, 定语从句) 【参考译文】This is the rescue team that saved more than ten trapped villagers in the landslide. 5. 那些房屋在地震中被毁的居民现在住在政府搭建的避难所里。(whose, shelter) 【参考译文】The residents whose houses were destroyed in the earthquake are now living in the shelters set up by the government. 6. 洪水冲走了村庄里的一切，只留下一片废墟。(sweep away, leave) 【参考译文】The flood swept away everything in the village, leaving nothing but ruins. 7. 救援人员冒着生命危险把被困在废墟下的伤员一个接一个地救了出来。(risk one's life, rescue, one after another) 【参考译文】The rescue workers risked their lives to rescue the injured trapped under the ruins one after another. 8. 这场地震的震级高达8.1级，给这座城市造成了巨大的破坏。(magnitude, cause damage to) 【参考译文】The earthquake, which measured 8.1 on the magnitude scale, caused great damage to the city. 9. 为了帮助灾民重建家园，社会各界纷纷捐款捐物。(rebuild, donate) 【参考译文】To help the victims rebuild their homes, people from all walks of life donated money and supplies. 10. 这座位于海边的城市经常遭受台风袭击，因此政府制定了一系列防范措施。(be struck by, a series of, safety measures) 【参考译文】The city by the sea is often struck by typhoons, so the government has worked out a series of safety measures. 综合攻坚·知能拔高 一、语法选择（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） A powerful earthquake struck the city at 3 a.m., 1________ no one had expected. In the darkness, people rushed out of their houses, 2________ were shaking violently. Many families lost their homes, and the whole city lay in ruins. The government immediately started relief work. Rescuers were sent to the areas 3________ the damage was most serious. They searched through the ruins day and night, trying to rescue those 4________ families were still missing. Meanwhile, helicopters delivered food, water and medical supplies to the places 5________ roads had been cut off. A young doctor, 6________ had just graduated from college, volunteered to go to the disaster area. He worked there for days without rest, 7________ made all the locals deeply moved. He believed that helping others was not only a duty but also a way to show his 8________ for the people who had once helped him. Now the city is being rebuilt. The new houses, 9________ are much stronger than the old ones, give the survivors hope for the future. Experts say that natural disasters can never be completely avoided, 10________ people can still reduce the damage by taking safety measures in advance. 1. A. that B. what C. which D. who 2. A. where B. which C. whose D. when 3. A. which B. when C. where D. that 4. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 5. A. where B. which C. whose D. when 6. A. which B. who C. whose D. whom 7. A. that B. what C. which D. who 8. A. curiosity B. courage C. confidence D. gratitude 9. A. where B. whose C. which D. whom 10. A. and B. so C. or D. but 【答案】1-5 CBCDA 6-10 BCDCD 【解析】本文讲述了城市遭遇强震后，政府和救援人员全力救灾、人们重建家园的故事。 1. 考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作宾语，用which，故选C。 2. 考查定语从句。先行词为houses，关系词在从句中作主语，用which，故选B。 3. 考查定语从句。先行词为areas，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用where，故选C。 4. 考查定语从句。先行词为those（指人），families与先行词是所属关系，用whose作定语，故选D。 5. 考查定语从句。先行词为places，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用where，故选A。 6. 考查定语从句。先行词为a young doctor（指人），关系词在从句中作主语，用who，故选B。 7. 考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，用which，故选C。 8. 考查名词辨析。gratitude感激；courage勇气；curiosity好奇；confidence自信。show one's gratitude for意为「对……表示感激」，故选D。 9. 考查定语从句。先行词为the new houses，关系词在从句中作主语，用which，故选C。 10. 考查连词。前后为转折关系，自然灾害无法完全避免，但人们仍可提前采取安全措施减少损失，用but，故选D。 二、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 It was a dark summer night. Heavy rain had been falling for hours, and the river was rising 1________. No one in the small town had expected the flood that struck so 2________ in the early morning. Wang Fang, a 16-year-old girl, was woken by the loud 3________ of the floodwater. She immediately rushed to wake her parents. "We must 4________ the house at once," her father shouted. They climbed onto the roof and waited for help. Luckily, a rescue helicopter arrived before long. The 5________ workers lowered a rope and pulled them up one by one. Looking down at their flooded home, Wang Fang could hardly 6________ her tears. "Don't worry," a rescuer said 7________. "You are safe now." The next morning, the family was taken to a 8________ set up by the government. There they received food, clean water and warm clothes. Many volunteers came to help, and some even offered to 9________ the children with their lessons. Deeply moved, Wang Fang decided that she would 10________ her hometown when she grew up. 1. A. rapidly B. slowly C. quietly D. safely 2. A. safely B. suddenly C. easily D. slowly 3. A. colour B. sound C. smell D. taste 4. A. repair B. enter C. leave D. clean 5. A. factory B. farm C. rescue D. office 6. A. give up B. put forward C. look forward to D. hold back 7. A. angrily B. calmly C. nervously D. proudly 8. A. shelter B. hospital C. school D. hotel 9. A. hurt B. help C. hide D. hold 10. A. abandon B. rebuild C. remember D. forget 【答案】1-5 ABBCC 6-10 DBABA 【解析】本文讲述了一个女孩在洪水中与家人获救，并在政府和社会帮助下重建家园的故事。 1. 考查副词辨析。rapidly迅速地；slowly缓慢地；quietly安静地；safely安全地。河水“迅速上涨”，故选A。 2. 考查副词辨析。suddenly突然；safely安全地；easily容易地；slowly缓慢地。洪水“突然”袭来，故选B。 3. 考查名词辨析。the loud sound of the floodwater意为「洪水的巨大声响」。colour颜色；smell气味；taste味道。故选B。 4. 考查动词辨析。leave the house意为「离开房子」。repair修理；enter进入；clean打扫。根据洪水来袭，父亲大喊“立刻离开房子”，故选C。 5. 考查名词辨析。rescue workers意为「救援人员」。factory workers工厂工人；farm workers农场工人；office workers办公室职员。故选C。 6. 考查动词短语辨析。hold back one's tears意为「忍住眼泪」。give up放弃；put forward提出；look forward to期待。故选D。 7. 考查副词辨析。calmly平静地；angrily生气地；nervously紧张地；proudly自豪地。救援人员平静地安慰她，故选B。 8. 考查名词辨析。shelter避难所；hospital医院；school学校；hotel旅馆。根据“由政府搭建”可知是避难所，故选A。 9. 考查动词辨析。help sb. with sth.意为「帮助某人做某事」。hurt伤害；hide隐藏；hold握住。故选B。 10. 考查动词辨析。rebuild重建；abandon抛弃；remember记得；forget忘记。王芳决定长大后重建家乡，故选A。 三、阅读理解（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） Natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and typhoons can strike at any time and cause great damage. Although scientists can hardly predict exactly when they will happen, people can still reduce the loss by learning some basic safety knowledge. Earthquakes are among the most destructive natural disasters. When an earthquake happens, the first thing to do is to stay calm. If you are indoors, hide under a strong desk or table and protect your head with your arms. Remember not to stand near windows or heavy furniture. If you are outdoors, move to an open area and stay away from buildings, trees and power lines. Floods and typhoons are also common in many coastal areas. Before a flood or typhoon arrives, the local government usually gives a warning. People should pay close attention to the warning signals and prepare enough food, water and medicine. When a flood comes, never try to walk or drive through the floodwater, because it may be much deeper and faster than it looks. In recent years, many countries have set up early warning systems to protect people from natural disasters. These systems can send information to millions of people within seconds. Experts believe that with the help of modern technology and good safety habits, the damage caused by natural disasters can be greatly reduced. 1. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To describe how terrible natural disasters are. B. To teach people how to protect themselves during natural disasters. C. To introduce the history of warning systems. D. To tell people to move away from coastal areas. 2. What should you do first when an earthquake happens? A. Run out of the building quickly. B. Stand near the window. C. Stay calm and take shelter under a strong desk. D. Drive to an open area. 3. According to Paragraph 3, what should people do before a flood arrives? A. Walk through the floodwater. B. Drive through the flooded road. C. Ignore the warning signals. D. Prepare enough food, water and medicine. 4. Why is it dangerous to walk or drive through floodwater? A. Because the water is always dirty. B. Because it may be deeper and faster than it looks. C. Because there are many fish in it. D. Because it may make people feel cold. 5. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Modern technology and good habits can help reduce the damage of natural disasters. B. Early warning systems have completely solved the problem. C. Natural disasters will disappear in the future. D. Scientists can predict all natural disasters exactly. 【答案】1-5 BCDBA 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了地震、洪水等自然灾害发生时的自救方法和早期预警系统的作用。 1. 主旨大意题。文章主要教人们在地震、洪水等自然灾害中的自救方法，并介绍预警系统的作用，B项“教人们如何在自然灾害中保护自己”最符合主旨。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段「the first thing to do is to stay calm...hide under a strong desk or table」可知，地震发生时首先要保持冷静并躲到坚固的桌子下。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段「People should pay close attention to the warning signals and prepare enough food, water and medicine.」可知，洪水来临前应准备好食物、水和药品。故选D。 4. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句「because it may be much deeper and faster than it looks」可知，洪水可能比看上去更深更急，十分危险。故选B。 5. 推理判断题。根据最后一段「with the help of modern technology and good safety habits, the damage...can be greatly reduced」可知，现代技术和良好习惯有助于减少自然灾害造成的损失。故选A。 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $