Unit 4 Role Models（单元阅读精练）英语新教材北师大版八年级上册

**基本信息** 以“榜样人物”为主题，通过记叙文语篇系统整合阅读技能与语言知识，强化语言能力与文化意识培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |时文阅读|2篇（达尔文、杨振宁）|阅读理解，记叙文|围绕中外科学家成长与成就，结合长难句分析（如被动语态、宾语从句）和核心词汇（如research, origin）构建语言知识网络| |实战演练|5篇（汤普森等励志人物）|完形填空、阅读理解等多题型，均为记叙文|通过不同榜样故事训练细节理解、词汇辨析等技能，深化对坚持、奉献等品质的认知，衔接中考高频题型|

Unit 4 Role Model 单元阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 260 讲述科学家达尔文的成长经历、求学选择、远洋科考历程，以及其著作《物种起源》的问世与科学影响力。 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 285 介绍物理学家杨振宁的科研成就，包括宇称不守恒理论、杨-米尔斯理论，以及他归国奉献、助力中国物理学科发展的事迹。 实战演练 Passage1 完形填空 记叙文 270 讲述滑雪少女汤普森遭遇意外致残后，不向命运低头，坚持训练成为优秀残疾人运动员、励志追梦的故事。 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 240 讲述少年布莱恩怀揣喜剧梦想，不惧他人嘲讽、始终坚持热爱，最终凭借努力成为知名喜剧明星的成长故事。 Passage3 阅读理解 记叙文 255 记叙少年伊桑在父亲的鼓励下，刻苦打磨篮球技能，日复一日坚持训练，最终在关键比赛中投出制胜一球的励志经历。 Passage4 选词填空 记叙文 220 讲述“中国核潜艇之父”黄旭华隐姓埋名、攻坚克难，毕生投身中国核潜艇研发事业、为国奉献的感人事迹。 Passage5 任务型阅读 记叙文 235 介绍青年数学家王虹的求学追梦之路，她不惧挫折、潜心钻研，成功攻克百年数学难题，实现人生突破。 Passage1 English 中文翻译 The famous scientist and thinker, Charles Darwin, was born on February 12, 1809. His family lived not far from the River Severn, England. 著名的科学家、思想家查尔斯·达尔文于1809年2月12日出生，他的家坐落于英国塞文河附近。 Darwin’s father was a well-known doctor and the son of a still greater doctor and scientist. Darwin’s father hoped that his son would also become a doctor. 达尔文的父亲是一位知名医生，其父亲更是一位杰出的医生兼科学家。达尔文的父亲希望儿子日后也能成为一名医生。 As a boy, Darwin liked to go for walks in the fields and forests. He watched nature, and compared what he saw with everything he had read in science books. He also liked collecting very much. He collected many things, birds, eggs, stones and leaves. His father did not like that, and Darwin was not studying very well at school. 儿时的达尔文喜欢在田野和森林中漫步，观察自然万物，并将所见所闻与科学书籍中的知识相互对照。他还酷爱收集各类物品，包括鸟类、鸟蛋、石头和树叶。父亲并不认可他的这些爱好，而且达尔文在校的学业成绩也并不优异。 At the age of sixteen, Darwin was sent to Edinburgh University to study in order that he could become a doctor. But he was interested in the history of nature. 16岁时，达尔文被送往爱丁堡大学学医，遵从家人的期许成为一名医生。但他真正热爱的是自然史学。 Then he was sent to study in Cambridge University. There he studied until 1831. 之后他进入剑桥大学深造，在该校学习至1831年。 Some time later he heard that the ship Beagle was going on a trip to South America and needed a scientist. His professor advised him to go. He said the trip would be just for Darwin. So when the ship left England in December 1831, Darwin was on it. His research lasted almost five years. 不久后，他得知“小猎犬号”轮船即将前往南美洲科考，且需要一名科研人员。他的教授极力推荐他参与此次行程，认为这次旅途十分适合他。于是在1831年12月，达尔文随船离开英国，开启了长达近五年的科考研究。 The Beagle studied the waters in the sea near South America. It also visited New Zealand, Australia and islands in the Pacific. Darwin saw many new plants and animals. He collected all kinds of plants. 小猎犬号科考船勘测了南美洲附近海域，还到访了新西兰、澳大利亚以及太平洋诸多岛屿。达尔文在此期间见到了大量全新的动植物物种，并收集了各类植物标本。 In 1842 Darwin went to live in Kent, where he continued his studies of changes in nature. Darwin understood that plants and animals are not always the same, and that they really change. 1842年，达尔文定居肯特郡，继续潜心研究自然界的演变规律。他发现动植物并非一成不变，而是始终处于不断变化、进化的过程中。 By 1859 Darwin had finished his famous book “The Origin of Species”. It made a great hit in the world of science. He was opposed by the church and even by some scientists. But later, more and more scientists agreed with him. 1859年，达尔文完成了经典著作《物种起源》，该书在科学界引发巨大轰动。起初，他的观点遭到教会甚至部分科学家的反对，但后续越来越多的科学家认可并支持他的理论。 【长难句分析】 1. 原句：At the age of sixteen, Darwin was sent to Edinburgh University to study in order that he could become a doctor. 翻译：16岁时，达尔文被送往爱丁堡大学学医，遵从家人的期许成为一名医生。 重点：本句包含被动语态be sent to（被送往……），贴合初中核心语法；in order that引导目的状语从句，表“为了”；固定搭配at the age of+数字，表示“在某人几岁时”，是高频考点。 2. 原句：Darwin understood that plants and animals are not always the same, and that they really change. 翻译：达尔文发现动植物并非一成不变，而是始终处于不断变化、进化的过程中。 重点：that引导两个并列的宾语从句，作动词understood的宾语；not always 表示“并非总是”，为部分否定结构，是初中易考句式；the same 为固定搭配，意为“相同的”。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. thinker /ˈθɪŋkə(r)/ n. 思想家 2. well-known /ˌwel ˈnəʊn/ adj. 著名的，知名的 3. collect /kəˈlekt/ v. 收集，采集 4. professor /prəˈfesə(r)/ n. 教授 5. research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ n. & v. 研究，调研 6. continue /kənˈtɪnjuː/ v. 继续，持续 7. origin /ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/ n. 起源，由来 8. oppose /əˈpəʊz/ v. 反对，抵制 Passage2 English 中文翻译 Yang Zhenning (Chen-Ning Yang), one of the 20th century’s greatest physicists, passed away in Beijing on October 18, 2025, at the age of 103. Born into a scholarly family, he loved science as a child. He later went for further studies at the University of Chicago in the US. 杨振宁是20世纪最伟大的物理学家之一，于2025年10月18日在北京逝世，享年103岁。他出身书香门第，自幼热爱科学，后赴美国芝加哥大学深造。 In 1957, Yang and his friend Li Zhengdao won the Nobel Prize in Physics, because they discovered “parity non-conservation”. It’s as important as Einstein’s theory of relativity. This discovery changed how scientists understand the basic rules of the universe. 1957年，杨振宁与好友李政道因发现“宇称不守恒”斩获诺贝尔物理学奖，该发现的重要性堪比爱因斯坦的相对论，颠覆了科学界对宇宙基本规律的认知。 What is “parity non-conservation”? Scientists once thought physical rules stayed the same in a mirror, but Yang and Li said one force which breaks atoms is different—small particles from it move differently in mirrors. This discovery changed old ideas about the universe’s “balance”. 何为“宇称不守恒”？此前科学家认为物理规律在镜像环境中恒定不变，但杨振宁和李政道发现，一种分解原子的作用力存在特殊性，其微观粒子在镜像中的运动状态截然不同。这一发现推翻了宇宙平衡的传统固有认知。 Yang also developed the “Yang-Mills Theory”—an important part of modern physics. It uses math to show how small particles work together through forces. It helped build the “Standard Model”—the best way to explain these particles and forces. This helped to find a new particle, and still supports physics research today. 杨振宁还创立了“杨-米尔斯规范场论”，是现代物理学的核心理论之一。该理论通过数学方式阐释微观粒子通过作用力相互作用的原理，助力构建了解释粒子与作用力的标准模型，推动了新粒子的发现，至今仍为物理学研究提供重要支撑。 Yang lived abroad for years but never forgot his hometown. In 1971, he gave advice to China’s government to improve basic science. He also helped nearly 100 Chinese students study further in the US. In 1999, he went back to Tsinghua University to teach and help China’s physics develop. 杨振宁旅居海外多年，却始终心系祖国。1971年，他为中国基础科学发展建言献策，还资助近百名中国学子赴美深造。1999年，他重回清华大学任教，全力助力中国物理学事业发展。 Yang’s life has two great loves: science and his country. His famous saying is “Be honest rather than clever.”—it tells young people to go for the truth in science and life. 杨振宁的一生坚守两大热爱：科学与祖国。他的名言“宁拙毋巧”，告诫年轻人在科研与生活中坚守本心、求真务实。 【长难句分析】 1. 原句：Yang Zhenning (Chen-Ning Yang), one of the 20th century’s greatest physicists, passed away in Beijing on October 18, 2025, at the age of 103. 翻译：杨振宁是20世纪最伟大的物理学家之一，于2025年10月18日在北京逝世，享年103岁。 重点：one of... 作同位语修饰主语，是初中核心句式，后接最高级+复数名词；固定短语pass away 意为“逝世”，at the age of 意为“在……岁时”，为写作高频短语。 2. 原句：It uses math to show how small particles work together through forces. 翻译：该理论通过数学方式阐释微观粒子通过作用力相互作用的原理。 重点：how引导宾语从句，作动词show的宾语，从句为陈述语序；固定搭配use sth. to do sth. 意为“用某物做某事”，贴合初中语法考点。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. physicist /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/ n. 物理学家 2. scholarly /ˈskɒləli/ adj. 学术的，博学的 3. discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ n. 发现，发觉 4. universe /ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/ n. 宇宙 5. particle /ˈpɑːtɪkl/ n. 粒子，微粒 6. develop /dɪˈveləp/ v. 创立，发展，研发 7. abroad /əˈbrɔːd/ adv. 在国外，到海外 8. honest /ˈɒnɪst/ adj. 诚实的，真诚的 Passage1 On a cold morning in Austria, 16-year-old skier Ann Thompson was about to make her last practice run. As she went down the hill on her skis, Thompson had a terrible accident. She fell and 1 hurt her spinal cord (脊髓). As a result, Thompson could no longer walk. “The accident didn’t 2 anything.” Thompson said. “I’m the same person I was before.” After her accident, Thompson 3 the Cruisers, a program for wheelchair athletes (运动员) in Connecticut, Thompson’s home state. “We brought her down to see what was happening,” said Don Chaffee, a Cruiser official. “At first, she said, ‘I can’t do that.’ Then she realized, ‘I can do that. I’m going to do that.’” Just over a year after her accident, Thompson was a good 4 athlete. Her sport was track and field (田径). Thompson also played basketball in her college. It wasn’t 5 for her. She had never played basketball before her accident. Now she was learning the sport in a wheelchair. She tried out for the U.S. Paralympic women’s basketball team and she 6 it. Thompson is a role model for millions of people. She wanted to tell kids through her story. “Try,” she said. “Really try. If you want to do something, try your best to do it. If you really want to do something, you can find a 7 to do it.” Kids who watch her practice see that anything is possible. “They see this lady in her wheelchair going around and 8 life,” said Chaffee. “And they say, ‘Hey, I can make it, too.’” 1．A．badly B．quickly C．carefully D．loudly 2．A．leave B．change C．cost D．keep 3．A．started B．ran C．developed D．joined 4．A．basketball B．skiing C．wheelchair D．running 5．A．late B．best C．easy D．boring 6．A．studied B．made C．kept D．finished 7．A．way B．team C．place D．chance 8．A．living B．seeing C．saving D．loving Passage2 Never Give Up Brian is a funny student at school. He is good at making jokes. In his free time, he loves watching comedies on TV shows. He hopes to become a famous comedy actor in the future. When Brian hears there will be a talk show at his school, he decides to take part in it. He feels very excited about the good news. But he is afraid that he can’t act well on stage (舞台). He can hear some students laughing at him. “You are not funny but silly (傻的),” Ken, one of his classmates, says to him. “No one will like what you do,” another boy also says to him coldly. Brian can’t understand why they are so unfriendly to him. For a moment, he thinks about giving up the show. But he remembers how much his friends like his jokes, and his teachers also say he is very funny. So he decides to go on preparing for the show. At the show, Brian does a great job. Everyone loves his performance, and he wins the first prize! His teachers and friends are proud (骄傲的) of him. Even so, Ken tells Brian that he is not funny at all, and that he will never be successful. Brian doesn’t understand why Ken says so, but he realizes (意识到) that it has nothing to do with himself. He still goes on with his acting toward his goal. As the years pass, Brian meets people like Ken. “You’ll do a terrible job,” they say to him. Luckily, most people encourage him and some help him to become even funnier. He gets a lot of opportunities (机会) to perform in movies. And he always appears on TV. His fans thank him because his comedies make them feel good when they are unhappy. Now, Brian has become a big comedy star! He is doing what he loves best. Those unkind people never make him give up, and he laughs all day long! His dream comes true. 17．What does Brian want to be in the future? A．A computer programmer. B．A basketball star. C．A comedy actor. D．An engineer. 18．Brian is going to join _________. A．the talk show B．the speech competition C．the band at school D．the game show 19．Brian makes his dream come true because _________. A．he learns how to make jokes from a famous actor B．his teachers help him to improve the skill of joking C．he works harder than the other performers at school D．he never gives up when someone else laughs at him Passage3 In the town of Greenfield, Ethan Thomas was known as the skinny kid with a dream of winning a basketball game. Ethan’s father, Mr. Thomas, was a basketball player whose career (职业生涯) had been cut short by an injury (受伤). He was Ethan’s biggest supporter and often helped him practice, but he also knew that his son had a long way to go. One day, Ethan missed every shot and got very sad after the practice. Mr. Thomas, a strict but fair coach, pulled him aside. “Ethan, you need to focus on your basic skills,” he said. “It’s not just about the shot, but it’s about the journey to get there.” Ethan started to spend hours at the gym, building his strength, as he really wanted to improve. He also practiced his dribbling (运球) and shooting skills. His father was always there, offering him encouragement. After several months, Ethan began to notice changes. His shots were more accurate (精准的)。He even grew a few inches, which helped him reach the basket more easily. More importantly, Ethan believed he could make it as long as he kept practicing. On Ethan’s 14th birthday, Mr. Thomas gave his son a pair of old basketball shoes. “These were mine when I played,” he said. “I think it’s time they found a new owner.” Ethan wore the shoes to every practice and game, feeling the love from his father and a sense of purpose. The day of the big game finally arrived. The score was tied, and there were only seconds left on the clock. It was Ethan’s turn to take the shot. Ethan took a deep breath, feeling the weight of the moment. He remembered all the hours of practice. Then he dribbled down the court. Swish! The ball went through the net. He made the winning shot. The gym was full of cheers, and his teammates lifted him onto their shoulders. He felt the confidence deep inside. As the crowd celebrated, Ethan looked over to his father, whose face was filled with pride. Ethan not only won the game for his team, but also learned that he could achieve anything as long as he worked hard. He changed from a skinny kid with a dream into a confident young player, ready to take on whatever challenges life threw his way. 20．Why was Ethan unhappy after his practice one day? A．Because his father refused to give him the shoes. B．Because he missed every shot during the practice. C．Because his father got injured in a basketball game. D．Because nobody helped him prepare for the competition. 21．How did Ethan feel after winning the game? A．Surprised. B．Lucky. C．Confident. D．Touched. 22．The story mainly tells us ________. A．hard work pays off B．two heads are better than one C．actions speak louder than words D．success comes with friends’ support Passage4 选词填空 从下面方框中选出10个单词，将其正确形式填入短文，使短文意思正确通顺(每词限用一次)。 attend   expect   final   hard-working   many   one outgoing   reach   sense   situation   solve   them Huang Xuhua, called the “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines (核潜艇)”, spent all his life working for the progress of China’s science and technology. When Huang was young, his parents 23 him to be a doctor. However, after he experienced the War of Resistance Against Japan, he 24 that to build a strong China, we must have advanced weapons (先进武器)。 In 1958, Huang started a project to build China’s 25 nuclear submarine. At that time, China was in difficult 26 . No one knew how to build a nuclear submarine. Huang and his team began with nothing. But they worked hard 27 all the difficulties. They lived in a small village and worked every day. To keep the project secret (秘密的), the 28 man didn’t even go home until 1988. Even his parents didn’t know his work. In 1970, Huang and his team 29 succeeded in building a nuclear submarine, Changzheng-1. This was a great success of China. Though he became famous, Huang chose to keep a simple life and used his money to help poor students. And even when he was old, Huang didn’t stop working. He tried to teach 30 young scientists. In 2019, Huang received the Medal of the Republic (共和国勋章). And after that he went back to his hometown   31 the 70th anniversary (纪念日) of the founding of Nanfang Daily. On February 6,2025, Huang died at the age of 98. Huang’s story shows that success comes from hard work. He inspires (激励) young people to love 32 country and face difficulties bravely. Passage5 任务型阅读 This year is special for China’s world of math. It’s all because of one great woman—Wang Hong. Wang was born in 1991 in Guilin. Her parents were both middle school teachers. She showed an unusual talent for math at an early age. When she was just five years old, she already finished first-grade math and went straight to second grade. Some people think talent makes life easy. But Wang’s path was far from smooth. In middle school, her grades were not good at first—she was not in the top 100. But she didn’t give up. She worked very hard, and later became one of the top ten students in her grade. At the age of sixteen, she entered Peking University and learned more about math. In 2011, Wang went to France to study. “I felt a little lost at that time,” the girl said. “I gave up on math and studied architecture (建筑学) for six months. Then I remembered how hard I had learned math before. I only doubted myself because my classmates were all very smart.” Wang became confident again and returned to math. She studied even harder and got her PhD (博士学位) at MIT (美国麻省理工学院). This past February, Wang did something really amazing. She solved a century-old math problem—the Kakeya conjecture. Mathematicians (数学家) all over the world were so surprised and excited! Now, Wang is a professor at two great universities. With all her good qualities, Wang Hong is living a future even bigger than her dreams. When a reporter asked Wang Hong to share some advice with junior high school students struggling (费力地) with math, she smiled and replied gently, “__________________________________.” 33．Were Wang Hong’s grades in the top 100 at first in the middle school? 34．Why is Wang Hong’s story special for China’s math world this year? 35．What makes Wang Hong successful in the field of math? 36．What advice may Wang Hong give to junior high school students? Fill in the blank in the end. (at least two pieces of advice) 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Role Model 单元阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 260 讲述科学家达尔文的成长经历、求学选择、远洋科考历程，以及其著作《物种起源》的问世与科学影响力。 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 285 介绍物理学家杨振宁的科研成就，包括宇称不守恒理论、杨-米尔斯理论，以及他归国奉献、助力中国物理学科发展的事迹。 实战演练 Passage1 完形填空 记叙文 270 讲述滑雪少女汤普森遭遇意外致残后，不向命运低头，坚持训练成为优秀残疾人运动员、励志追梦的故事。 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 240 讲述少年布莱恩怀揣喜剧梦想，不惧他人嘲讽、始终坚持热爱，最终凭借努力成为知名喜剧明星的成长故事。 Passage3 阅读理解 记叙文 255 记叙少年伊桑在父亲的鼓励下，刻苦打磨篮球技能，日复一日坚持训练，最终在关键比赛中投出制胜一球的励志经历。 Passage4 选词填空 记叙文 220 讲述“中国核潜艇之父”黄旭华隐姓埋名、攻坚克难，毕生投身中国核潜艇研发事业、为国奉献的感人事迹。 Passage5 任务型阅读 记叙文 235 介绍青年数学家王虹的求学追梦之路，她不惧挫折、潜心钻研，成功攻克百年数学难题，实现人生突破。 Passage1 English 中文翻译 The famous scientist and thinker, Charles Darwin, was born on February 12, 1809. His family lived not far from the River Severn, England. 著名的科学家、思想家查尔斯·达尔文于1809年2月12日出生，他的家坐落于英国塞文河附近。 Darwin’s father was a well-known doctor and the son of a still greater doctor and scientist. Darwin’s father hoped that his son would also become a doctor. 达尔文的父亲是一位知名医生，其父亲更是一位杰出的医生兼科学家。达尔文的父亲希望儿子日后也能成为一名医生。 As a boy, Darwin liked to go for walks in the fields and forests. He watched nature, and compared what he saw with everything he had read in science books. He also liked collecting very much. He collected many things, birds, eggs, stones and leaves. His father did not like that, and Darwin was not studying very well at school. 儿时的达尔文喜欢在田野和森林中漫步，观察自然万物，并将所见所闻与科学书籍中的知识相互对照。他还酷爱收集各类物品，包括鸟类、鸟蛋、石头和树叶。父亲并不认可他的这些爱好，而且达尔文在校的学业成绩也并不优异。 At the age of sixteen, Darwin was sent to Edinburgh University to study in order that he could become a doctor. But he was interested in the history of nature. 16岁时，达尔文被送往爱丁堡大学学医，遵从家人的期许成为一名医生。但他真正热爱的是自然史学。 Then he was sent to study in Cambridge University. There he studied until 1831. 之后他进入剑桥大学深造，在该校学习至1831年。 Some time later he heard that the ship Beagle was going on a trip to South America and needed a scientist. His professor advised him to go. He said the trip would be just for Darwin. So when the ship left England in December 1831, Darwin was on it. His research lasted almost five years. 不久后，他得知“小猎犬号”轮船即将前往南美洲科考，且需要一名科研人员。他的教授极力推荐他参与此次行程，认为这次旅途十分适合他。于是在1831年12月，达尔文随船离开英国，开启了长达近五年的科考研究。 The Beagle studied the waters in the sea near South America. It also visited New Zealand, Australia and islands in the Pacific. Darwin saw many new plants and animals. He collected all kinds of plants. 小猎犬号科考船勘测了南美洲附近海域，还到访了新西兰、澳大利亚以及太平洋诸多岛屿。达尔文在此期间见到了大量全新的动植物物种，并收集了各类植物标本。 In 1842 Darwin went to live in Kent, where he continued his studies of changes in nature. Darwin understood that plants and animals are not always the same, and that they really change. 1842年，达尔文定居肯特郡，继续潜心研究自然界的演变规律。他发现动植物并非一成不变，而是始终处于不断变化、进化的过程中。 By 1859 Darwin had finished his famous book “The Origin of Species”. It made a great hit in the world of science. He was opposed by the church and even by some scientists. But later, more and more scientists agreed with him. 1859年，达尔文完成了经典著作《物种起源》，该书在科学界引发巨大轰动。起初，他的观点遭到教会甚至部分科学家的反对，但后续越来越多的科学家认可并支持他的理论。 【长难句分析】 1. 原句：At the age of sixteen, Darwin was sent to Edinburgh University to study in order that he could become a doctor. 翻译：16岁时，达尔文被送往爱丁堡大学学医，遵从家人的期许成为一名医生。 重点：本句包含被动语态be sent to（被送往……），贴合初中核心语法；in order that引导目的状语从句，表“为了”；固定搭配at the age of+数字，表示“在某人几岁时”，是高频考点。 2. 原句：Darwin understood that plants and animals are not always the same, and that they really change. 翻译：达尔文发现动植物并非一成不变，而是始终处于不断变化、进化的过程中。 重点：that引导两个并列的宾语从句，作动词understood的宾语；not always 表示“并非总是”，为部分否定结构，是初中易考句式；the same 为固定搭配，意为“相同的”。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. thinker /ˈθɪŋkə(r)/ n. 思想家 2. well-known /ˌwel ˈnəʊn/ adj. 著名的，知名的 3. collect /kəˈlekt/ v. 收集，采集 4. professor /prəˈfesə(r)/ n. 教授 5. research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ n. & v. 研究，调研 6. continue /kənˈtɪnjuː/ v. 继续，持续 7. origin /ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/ n. 起源，由来 8. oppose /əˈpəʊz/ v. 反对，抵制 Passage2 English 中文翻译 Yang Zhenning (Chen-Ning Yang), one of the 20th century’s greatest physicists, passed away in Beijing on October 18, 2025, at the age of 103. Born into a scholarly family, he loved science as a child. He later went for further studies at the University of Chicago in the US. 杨振宁是20世纪最伟大的物理学家之一，于2025年10月18日在北京逝世，享年103岁。他出身书香门第，自幼热爱科学，后赴美国芝加哥大学深造。 In 1957, Yang and his friend Li Zhengdao won the Nobel Prize in Physics, because they discovered “parity non-conservation”. It’s as important as Einstein’s theory of relativity. This discovery changed how scientists understand the basic rules of the universe. 1957年，杨振宁与好友李政道因发现“宇称不守恒”斩获诺贝尔物理学奖，该发现的重要性堪比爱因斯坦的相对论，颠覆了科学界对宇宙基本规律的认知。 What is “parity non-conservation”? Scientists once thought physical rules stayed the same in a mirror, but Yang and Li said one force which breaks atoms is different—small particles from it move differently in mirrors. This discovery changed old ideas about the universe’s “balance”. 何为“宇称不守恒”？此前科学家认为物理规律在镜像环境中恒定不变，但杨振宁和李政道发现，一种分解原子的作用力存在特殊性，其微观粒子在镜像中的运动状态截然不同。这一发现推翻了宇宙平衡的传统固有认知。 Yang also developed the “Yang-Mills Theory”—an important part of modern physics. It uses math to show how small particles work together through forces. It helped build the “Standard Model”—the best way to explain these particles and forces. This helped to find a new particle, and still supports physics research today. 杨振宁还创立了“杨-米尔斯规范场论”，是现代物理学的核心理论之一。该理论通过数学方式阐释微观粒子通过作用力相互作用的原理，助力构建了解释粒子与作用力的标准模型，推动了新粒子的发现，至今仍为物理学研究提供重要支撑。 Yang lived abroad for years but never forgot his hometown. In 1971, he gave advice to China’s government to improve basic science. He also helped nearly 100 Chinese students study further in the US. In 1999, he went back to Tsinghua University to teach and help China’s physics develop. 杨振宁旅居海外多年，却始终心系祖国。1971年，他为中国基础科学发展建言献策，还资助近百名中国学子赴美深造。1999年，他重回清华大学任教，全力助力中国物理学事业发展。 Yang’s life has two great loves: science and his country. His famous saying is “Be honest rather than clever.”—it tells young people to go for the truth in science and life. 杨振宁的一生坚守两大热爱：科学与祖国。他的名言“宁拙毋巧”，告诫年轻人在科研与生活中坚守本心、求真务实。 【长难句分析】 1. 原句：Yang Zhenning (Chen-Ning Yang), one of the 20th century’s greatest physicists, passed away in Beijing on October 18, 2025, at the age of 103. 翻译：杨振宁是20世纪最伟大的物理学家之一，于2025年10月18日在北京逝世，享年103岁。 重点：one of... 作同位语修饰主语，是初中核心句式，后接最高级+复数名词；固定短语pass away 意为“逝世”，at the age of 意为“在……岁时”，为写作高频短语。 2. 原句：It uses math to show how small particles work together through forces. 翻译：该理论通过数学方式阐释微观粒子通过作用力相互作用的原理。 重点：how引导宾语从句，作动词show的宾语，从句为陈述语序；固定搭配use sth. to do sth. 意为“用某物做某事”，贴合初中语法考点。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. physicist /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/ n. 物理学家 2. scholarly /ˈskɒləli/ adj. 学术的，博学的 3. discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ n. 发现，发觉 4. universe /ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/ n. 宇宙 5. particle /ˈpɑːtɪkl/ n. 粒子，微粒 6. develop /dɪˈveləp/ v. 创立，发展，研发 7. abroad /əˈbrɔːd/ adv. 在国外，到海外 8. honest /ˈɒnɪst/ adj. 诚实的，真诚的 Passage1 On a cold morning in Austria, 16-year-old skier Ann Thompson was about to make her last practice run. As she went down the hill on her skis, Thompson had a terrible accident. She fell and 1 hurt her spinal cord (脊髓). As a result, Thompson could no longer walk. “The accident didn’t 2 anything.” Thompson said. “I’m the same person I was before.” After her accident, Thompson 3 the Cruisers, a program for wheelchair athletes (运动员) in Connecticut, Thompson’s home state. “We brought her down to see what was happening,” said Don Chaffee, a Cruiser official. “At first, she said, ‘I can’t do that.’ Then she realized, ‘I can do that. I’m going to do that.’” Just over a year after her accident, Thompson was a good 4 athlete. Her sport was track and field (田径). Thompson also played basketball in her college. It wasn’t 5 for her. She had never played basketball before her accident. Now she was learning the sport in a wheelchair. She tried out for the U.S. Paralympic women’s basketball team and she 6 it. Thompson is a role model for millions of people. She wanted to tell kids through her story. “Try,” she said. “Really try. If you want to do something, try your best to do it. If you really want to do something, you can find a 7 to do it.” Kids who watch her practice see that anything is possible. “They see this lady in her wheelchair going around and 8 life,” said Chaffee. “And they say, ‘Hey, I can make it, too.’” 1．A．badly B．quickly C．carefully D．loudly 2．A．leave B．change C．cost D．keep 3．A．started B．ran C．developed D．joined 4．A．basketball B．skiing C．wheelchair D．running 5．A．late B．best C．easy D．boring 6．A．studied B．made C．kept D．finished 7．A．way B．team C．place D．chance 8．A．living B．seeing C．saving D．loving 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D 【导语】本文介绍了16岁的滑雪者Ann Thompson在遭遇脊髓受伤事故后，没有放弃，积极参与轮椅运动员项目，成为优秀的田径运动员和篮球运动员，并入选美国残奥会女子篮球队，她的故事激励了无数人。 1．句意：她摔倒了，脊髓严重受伤。 badly严重地；quickly迅速地；carefully仔细地；loudly大声地。根据“She fell and ... hurt her spinal cord (脊髓). As a result, Thompson could no longer walk.”可知，她的脊髓严重受伤，不能走路了。故选A。 2．句意：这次事故并没有改变什么。 leave离开；change改变；cost花费；keep保持。根据“I’m the same person I was before”可知，Thompson觉得这次事故并没有让她改变什么，她仍然和以前一样。故选B。 3．句意：事故发生后，Thompson加入了Cruisers项目，这是Thompson家乡康涅狄格州为轮椅运动员举办的一个项目。 started开始；ran跑；developed发展；joined加入。根据“a program for wheelchair athletes”可知，这是一个轮椅运动员的项目，Thompson出事后加入了该项目。故选D。 4．句意：事故发生一年多后，Thompson成为了一名优秀的轮椅运动员。 basketball篮球；skiing滑雪；wheelchair轮椅；running跑步。根据“a program for wheelchair athletes”和“Her sport was track and field”可知，Thompson从事的是轮椅田径项目，所以她是轮椅运动员。故选C。 5．句意：这对她来说并不容易。 late晚的；best最好的；easy容易的；boring无聊的。根据“She had never played basketball before her accident”可知，Thompson之前没有打过篮球，所以现在学习轮椅篮球对她来说并不容易。故选C。 6．句意：她参加了美国残奥会女子篮球队的选拔，并且成功了。 studied学习；made使；kept保持；finished完成。根据“She tried out for the U.S. Paralympic women’s basketball team”可知，Thompson参加了美国残奥会女子篮球队的选拔，并且成功了，make it“成功”。故选B。 7．句意：如果你真的想做某事，你可以找到方法去做。 way方法；team团队；place地方；chance机会。根据“If you really want to do something”可知，如果你真的想做某事，你可以找到方法去做。故选A。 8．句意：他们看到这位坐在轮椅上的女士四处走动，热爱生活。 living生活；seeing看见；saving拯救；loving热爱。根据“And they say, ‘Hey, I can make it, too.’”可知，他们也想像Thompson一样成功，说明Thompson热爱生活，给他们带来了鼓舞。故选D。 Passage2 Never Give Up Brian is a funny student at school. He is good at making jokes. In his free time, he loves watching comedies on TV shows. He hopes to become a famous comedy actor in the future. When Brian hears there will be a talk show at his school, he decides to take part in it. He feels very excited about the good news. But he is afraid that he can’t act well on stage (舞台). He can hear some students laughing at him. “You are not funny but silly (傻的),” Ken, one of his classmates, says to him. “No one will like what you do,” another boy also says to him coldly. Brian can’t understand why they are so unfriendly to him. For a moment, he thinks about giving up the show. But he remembers how much his friends like his jokes, and his teachers also say he is very funny. So he decides to go on preparing for the show. At the show, Brian does a great job. Everyone loves his performance, and he wins the first prize! His teachers and friends are proud (骄傲的) of him. Even so, Ken tells Brian that he is not funny at all, and that he will never be successful. Brian doesn’t understand why Ken says so, but he realizes (意识到) that it has nothing to do with himself. He still goes on with his acting toward his goal. As the years pass, Brian meets people like Ken. “You’ll do a terrible job,” they say to him. Luckily, most people encourage him and some help him to become even funnier. He gets a lot of opportunities (机会) to perform in movies. And he always appears on TV. His fans thank him because his comedies make them feel good when they are unhappy. Now, Brian has become a big comedy star! He is doing what he loves best. Those unkind people never make him give up, and he laughs all day long! His dream comes true. 17．What does Brian want to be in the future? A．A computer programmer. B．A basketball star. C．A comedy actor. D．An engineer. 18．Brian is going to join _________. A．the talk show B．the speech competition C．the band at school D．the game show 19．Brian makes his dream come true because _________. A．he learns how to make jokes from a famous actor B．his teachers help him to improve the skill of joking C．he works harder than the other performers at school D．he never gives up when someone else laughs at him 【答案】17．C 18．A 19．D 【导语】本文讲述了主人公布莱恩非常喜欢喜剧，梦想有一天成为一名喜剧演员，在第一次参加才艺表演时被别人贬低但他仍然相信自己，为自己的目标奋斗，最终成为一名喜剧演员的故事。 17．细节理解题。根据“He hopes to become a famous comedy actor in the future.”可知，他希望将来成为一名喜剧演员。故选C。 18．细节理解题。根据“When Brian hears there will be a talk show at his school, he decides to take part in it.”可知，他要参加脱口秀。故选A。 19．细节理解题。根据“Those unkind people never make him give up, and he laughs all day long!”可知，布莱恩实现了他的梦想，因为当别人嘲笑他时，他从不放弃。故选D。 Passage3 In the town of Greenfield, Ethan Thomas was known as the skinny kid with a dream of winning a basketball game. Ethan’s father, Mr. Thomas, was a basketball player whose career (职业生涯) had been cut short by an injury (受伤). He was Ethan’s biggest supporter and often helped him practice, but he also knew that his son had a long way to go. One day, Ethan missed every shot and got very sad after the practice. Mr. Thomas, a strict but fair coach, pulled him aside. “Ethan, you need to focus on your basic skills,” he said. “It’s not just about the shot, but it’s about the journey to get there.” Ethan started to spend hours at the gym, building his strength, as he really wanted to improve. He also practiced his dribbling (运球) and shooting skills. His father was always there, offering him encouragement. After several months, Ethan began to notice changes. His shots were more accurate (精准的)。He even grew a few inches, which helped him reach the basket more easily. More importantly, Ethan believed he could make it as long as he kept practicing. On Ethan’s 14th birthday, Mr. Thomas gave his son a pair of old basketball shoes. “These were mine when I played,” he said. “I think it’s time they found a new owner.” Ethan wore the shoes to every practice and game, feeling the love from his father and a sense of purpose. The day of the big game finally arrived. The score was tied, and there were only seconds left on the clock. It was Ethan’s turn to take the shot. Ethan took a deep breath, feeling the weight of the moment. He remembered all the hours of practice. Then he dribbled down the court. Swish! The ball went through the net. He made the winning shot. The gym was full of cheers, and his teammates lifted him onto their shoulders. He felt the confidence deep inside. As the crowd celebrated, Ethan looked over to his father, whose face was filled with pride. Ethan not only won the game for his team, but also learned that he could achieve anything as long as he worked hard. He changed from a skinny kid with a dream into a confident young player, ready to take on whatever challenges life threw his way. 20．Why was Ethan unhappy after his practice one day? A．Because his father refused to give him the shoes. B．Because he missed every shot during the practice. C．Because his father got injured in a basketball game. D．Because nobody helped him prepare for the competition. 21．How did Ethan feel after winning the game? A．Surprised. B．Lucky. C．Confident. D．Touched. 22．The story mainly tells us ________. A．hard work pays off B．two heads are better than one C．actions speak louder than words D．success comes with friends’ support 【答案】20．B 21．C 22．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了Ethan在父亲的鼓励和帮助下努力练习篮球并最终取得成功的故事。 【详解】20．细节理解题。根据第二段“One day, Ethan missed every shot and got very sad after the practice.”可知，Ethan难过是因为他一次球都没进。故选B。 21．细节理解题。根据第八段“He felt the confidence deep inside.”可知，他感到很有信心。故选C。 22．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了Ethan努力练习篮球并取得成功的故事，所以，选项A“努力终有回报”符合题意。故选A。 Passage4 选词填空 从下面方框中选出10个单词，将其正确形式填入短文，使短文意思正确通顺(每词限用一次)。 attend   expect   final   hard-working   many   one outgoing   reach   sense   situation   solve   them Huang Xuhua, called the “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines (核潜艇)”, spent all his life working for the progress of China’s science and technology. When Huang was young, his parents 23 him to be a doctor. However, after he experienced the War of Resistance Against Japan, he 24 that to build a strong China, we must have advanced weapons (先进武器)。 In 1958, Huang started a project to build China’s 25 nuclear submarine. At that time, China was in difficult 26 . No one knew how to build a nuclear submarine. Huang and his team began with nothing. But they worked hard 27 all the difficulties. They lived in a small village and worked every day. To keep the project secret (秘密的), the 28 man didn’t even go home until 1988. Even his parents didn’t know his work. In 1970, Huang and his team 29 succeeded in building a nuclear submarine, Changzheng-1. This was a great success of China. Though he became famous, Huang chose to keep a simple life and used his money to help poor students. And even when he was old, Huang didn’t stop working. He tried to teach 30 young scientists. In 2019, Huang received the Medal of the Republic (共和国勋章). And after that he went back to his hometown   31 the 70th anniversary (纪念日) of the founding of Nanfang Daily. On February 6,2025, Huang died at the age of 98. Huang’s story shows that success comes from hard work. He inspires (激励) young people to love 32 country and face difficulties bravely. 【答案】 23．expected 24．sensed 25．first 26．situations 27．to solve 28．hard-working 29．finally 30．more 31．to attend 32．their 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了“中国核潜艇之父”黄旭华的生平事迹。 【详解】23．句意：黄旭华年轻时，父母期望他成为一名医生。根据“him to be a doctor”和方框词汇可知，“expect sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“期望某人做某事”；时态为一般过去时，expect的过去式为expected，故填expected。 24．句意：然而，经历抗日战争后，他意识到要建设强大的中国，必须拥有先进武器。根据“that to build a strong China”可知，他意识到要建设强大的中国，方框中“sense”意为“意识到”，时态为一般过去时，sense的过去式为sensed，故填sensed。 25．句意：1958年，黄旭华启动了中国第一艘核潜艇的研制项目。根据“nuclear submarine”，此处表示“第一艘”，方框中“one”的序数词形式为first，故填first。 26．句意：当时，中国正处于困难的局势中。根据“China was in difficult”可知，此处表示“局势、处境”，方框中“situation”为可数名词，用复数形式situations表泛指，故填situations。 27．句意：但他们努力工作，解决了所有困难。根据“all the difficulties”可知，此处表示“解决困难”，方框中“solve”意为“解决”；“work hard to do sth.”表示“努力做某事”，用不定式to solve，故填to solve。 28．句意：为了保守项目秘密，这位勤奋的人直到1988年才回家。空格处需填形容词修饰名词“man”，结合“worked hard”，方框中“hard-working”意为“勤奋的”，符合语境，故填hard-working。 29．句意：1970年，黄旭华和他的团队最终成功研制出核潜艇“长征一号”。空格处需填副词修饰动词“succeeded”，方框中“final”的副词形式为finally，意为“最终”，故填finally。 30．句意：他努力指导更多的年轻科学家们。根据“And even when he was old, Huang didn’t stop working.”并结合“young scientists”可知，此处表示甚至他年纪大了，也努力培养更多的年轻科学家们，此处用“many”的比较级“more”，符合“晚年仍持续付出、培养更多人才”的语境，故填more。 31．句意：之后，他回到家乡参加《南方日报》创刊70周年纪念活动。根据“the 70th anniversary”可知，此处表示“参加活动”，方框中“attend”意为“参加”；此处用不定式to attend表目的，故填to attend。 32．句意：他激励年轻人热爱自己的国家，勇敢面对困难。根据空后的“country”可知，此处表示“他们的国家”，用形容词性物主代词their修饰，故填their。 Passage5 任务型阅读 This year is special for China’s world of math. It’s all because of one great woman—Wang Hong. Wang was born in 1991 in Guilin. Her parents were both middle school teachers. She showed an unusual talent for math at an early age. When she was just five years old, she already finished first-grade math and went straight to second grade. Some people think talent makes life easy. But Wang’s path was far from smooth. In middle school, her grades were not good at first—she was not in the top 100. But she didn’t give up. She worked very hard, and later became one of the top ten students in her grade. At the age of sixteen, she entered Peking University and learned more about math. In 2011, Wang went to France to study. “I felt a little lost at that time,” the girl said. “I gave up on math and studied architecture (建筑学) for six months. Then I remembered how hard I had learned math before. I only doubted myself because my classmates were all very smart.” Wang became confident again and returned to math. She studied even harder and got her PhD (博士学位) at MIT (美国麻省理工学院). This past February, Wang did something really amazing. She solved a century-old math problem—the Kakeya conjecture. Mathematicians (数学家) all over the world were so surprised and excited! Now, Wang is a professor at two great universities. With all her good qualities, Wang Hong is living a future even bigger than her dreams. When a reporter asked Wang Hong to share some advice with junior high school students struggling (费力地) with math, she smiled and replied gently, “__________________________________.” 33．Were Wang Hong’s grades in the top 100 at first in the middle school? 34．Why is Wang Hong’s story special for China’s math world this year? 35．What makes Wang Hong successful in the field of math? 36．What advice may Wang Hong give to junior high school students? Fill in the blank in the end. (at least two pieces of advice) 【答案】 33．No./ No, they weren’t. 34．Because she solved a century-old math problem (—the Kakeya conjecture). 35．Talent, hard work/diligence, passion/interest and never-give-up spirit. 36．Possible version: keep working hard and never give up,because they help overcome difficulties and turn talent into achievement. Practice simple exercises step by step /Find small fun points by connecting it to real life. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了中国数学界杰出女性王虹的非凡经历，她自幼展现数学天赋，虽求学之路坎坷但坚持不懈，最终解决百年数学难题Kakeya猜想，成为两所名校教授，实现了超越梦想的未来。 【详解】33．根据“In middle school, her grades were not good at first—she was not in the top 100.”可知，王虹中学一开始的成绩不是前100名。故填No./No, they weren’t. 34．根据“This past February, Wang did something really amazing. She solved a century-old math problem—the Kakeya conjecture.”可知，王虹的故事对中国数学界来说很特别是因为她解决了一个有百年历史的数学问题(——Kakeya猜想)。故填Because she solved a century-old math problem (—the Kakeya conjecture). 35．根据“She showed an unusual talent for math at an early age.”及“But she didn’t give up. She worked very hard”可知，王虹在小时候就展现出了惊人的数学天赋，且当遇到挫折时王虹并没有放弃，反而更加努力。即天赋，勤奋努力，激情兴趣和永不放弃的精神使王虹在数学领域取得成功。故填Talent, hard work/diligence, passion/interest and never-give-up spirit. 36．根据文中内容可知，结合王虹在小时候就展现出了惊人的数学天赋，且当遇到挫折时王虹并没有放弃，反而更加努力可知，王虹对初中生的建议可表达为“继续努力，永不放弃，因为它们帮助克服困难，把天赋转化为成就。一步一步地练习简单的练习，通过将其与现实生活联系起来找到小的乐趣点。故填Possible version: keep working hard and never give up,because they help overcome difficulties and turn talent into achievement. Practice simple excercises step by step/Find small fun points by connecting it to real life. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $