Unit 4 Role Models 语法填空、阅读表达（热点题型专练）英语新教材北师大版八年级上册

**基本信息** 以“人与社会——榜样”为话题，系统整合语法填空（词类变形与虚词运用）和阅读表达（信息定位与逻辑验证）的解题方法，构建“方法提炼-分层训练”的专项体系，助力语言能力与文化意识协同发展。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法填空|8篇（含居里夫人、袁隆平等榜样语篇）|有提示词聚焦词形变化（名/动/形/副/代词），无提示词强化介/连/冠词运用，结合固定搭配|按词类功能分类，从语境分析到词形确定，形成“词类-语境-技巧”的推导链条| |阅读表达|5篇（含爱因斯坦、南仁东等人物传记）|三步解题法（题干定位-细节精读-答案验证），强调客观答题与信息匹配|以wh-疑问句为核心，从问题类型到文本信息提取，构建“问题-文本-答案”的逻辑对应|

Unit 4 Role Models 语法填空、阅读表达题型专练（话题：人与社会——榜样） 热点题型概览 语法填空 1.无词形变化的词题， 一般是3个或4个小题，近年来，只考查了冠词、关联词（连词）和介词等三类词； 2.有词形变化的词题， 即要填词的正确形式， 一般是6个或7个小题，常考查了代词的四种格式，谓语动词的时态和、非谓语动词、形容词或副词的词类转化、疑问词等几种情况。 根据设题规律，可将语法填空题的基本思路归纳成下表： 有提示词 1.名词 A.名词出现的背景 动词后作宾语、介词后作宾语、冠词之后、数词之后 B.名词词形技巧：主要考虑名词的单复数及其所有格形式。 2.动词 A.动词出现的背景 主宾或介宾之间的动词．be动词后的动词：进行时与被动语态；情态动词之 后缺动词；并列关系中的动词；主谓分离后的谓语动词形式；分词后置作定语：过去分词和现在分词。 B.动词词形技巧： 主要考虑是要填动词的谓语形式(原形、第三人称单数、过去式、现在分词及 其过去分词形式。)还是填动词的非谓语形式(不定式，现在分词，过去分词) 3.形容词 A.形容词出现的背景 作表语、作定语修饰名词、用在某些动词后作宾语补足语 B.形容词词形技巧： 主要考虑形容词原形、比较级、最高级形式。 4.副词 A.副词出现的背景 A．句首，作状语修饰整个句子 B．在动宾结构之后或系表结构之间表程度、方式、频率等，修饰动词 C. 在所修饰的形容词之前，作程度副词 B.副词词形技巧：主要考虑副词原形、比较级、最高级形式。 5. 代词 代替前文出现的人、物或一件事（主要人称、物主、反身代词的变化） 无提示词 6. 介词 注意常用的介词用法和固定搭配 7. 连词 注意上下文及句子之间的逻辑关系 8. 冠词 a\an\the的用法区分 9. 平时的学习和做题过程中也要注意积累固定搭配和固定句型，培养语感。 阅读表达 阅读表达所提的问题中,一般疑问句的提问方式频率很低,有时完全删掉,“wh-疑问词”开头的特殊疑问句越来越多,意味着对文章理解要求越来越高。复习备考中,考生要切实提高阅读理解能力和表达能力。平时练习中要通过精读完全理解文章。 1. 先看问题，再读文章：把握主题，确定方向，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息，高效省时。 2. 细读全文，认真推敲：细心阅读与试题有的词汇、句子或段落，要特别留心一些信息词。 3. 复读全文，验证答案：在找到答案后，应将答案带入问题中，检查有无矛盾，若前后不一致或意思矛盾，则要考虑重选答案。 注意事项 1. 答题有据，避免主观。 2. 符合原文的答案 ＝ 正确答案 ≠ 最佳答案 3. 解题有法，但无定法，贵在得法。要答好阅读理解题，必须多读、巧读和善于思考。要不断扩大词汇量，拓宽阅读面，提高阅读速度，同时也要探索和总结适合自己方法或，实践出真知，多练出效益。 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 （26-27八年级上·全国·课后作业）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Marie Skłodowska-Curie was a famous scientist. She was born in Warsaw, Poland, in 1867. As a child, she enjoyed studying maths and physics and she wanted 1 (go) to university. At that time, women in Poland couldn’t attend university, so Marie went to a secret university. Finally, in 1891, Marie arrived at the Sorbonne University in France. Two years later, she received her degree in physics, and one year later a second degree in 2 (chemical). In 1895, Marie married Pierre Curie. Together they discovered polonium and radium. In 1903, Pierre was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. 3 (wise), Marie wasn’t included at first because she was a woman. However, Pierre refused to accept the prize 4 he and Marie made the discovery together, so Marie became the first woman 5 (win) a Nobel Prize. In 1906, Pierre died in an accident, but Marie didn’t stop her research. She became the first female teacher at the Sorbonne University and won another Nobel Prize, this time in 6 (chemist), in 1911. Marie also developed the use of X-rays. During World War I, she set up mobile X-ray units and trained doctors and nurses to use 7 (they). People guess that a million soldiers were saved because of these X-ray units. Marie Skłodowska-Curie died in Paris in 1934. She was the first person to win Nobel Prizes twice, and she is still the only person to win twice for different 8 (science). She was a brave scientist who saved lots of 9 (life) by risking hers. Her story tells us that 10 (persevere) and love for science can lead to great success. Passage 2 （25-26八年级上·内蒙古赤峰·期末）阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A Great Physicist: Yang Chen-Ning Yang Chen-Ning, 1 famous physicist, passed away in Beijing on October 18, 2025. He taught at Tsinghua University. Yang was born in 1922 in Anhui Province. In 1929, he moved to Beijing 2 his family. He started his university studies in 1938 and got a master’s degree in 1944. The next year, he went to the US for further study and got a PhD in 1948. In 1957, Yang and his friend 3 (win) the Nobel Prize in Physics. Their discovery changed scientists’ 4 (understand) of small particles (粒子) in nature. It was an important discovery in the world of science. Later, Yang worked in the US for many years. Since1986, he 5 (come) back to China often. He taught at a university in Hong Kong and helped Tsinghua University build 6 (good) study programs than before. Yang loved his country 7 (deep). In 1971, he visited China for the first time. This encouraged many Chinese researchers abroad 8 (come) back. He also raised money to help Chinese students study in other 9 (country). Yang’s life is like a wonderful story that still encourages lots of people. 10 (he) great love for his country and hard work left a shining mark in history. Passage 3 （25-26八年级上·广东深圳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yuan Longping (1930-2021) was a world-famous Chinese agricultural scientist. People call him 1 “Father of Hybrid Rice.” He spent his whole life 2 (develop) new kinds of rice. In the early 1960s, Yuan began his research, 3 the key breakthrough did not come until 1964, when he discovered a special natural rice plant in Hainan. After many 4 (year) of hard work, in 1973, he and his team successfully developed the world’s 5 (one) hybrid rice. The yield (产量) increased 6 (great), from about 150 kg to over 500 kg per mu. Thanks to their work, China has been able to feed its large population. 7 addition, since the 1970s, his work 8 (help) to feed people in many other parts of the world. Farmers in a lot of countries now grow his hybrid rice. Yuan won many awards for his research, including one of China’s 9 (high) honors, the Medal of the Republic. Yuan passed away in 2021. People in China and around the world remember 10 (he) as a hero. His work and spirit continue to inspire us all. Passage 4 （25-26八年级上·江苏徐州·期中）阅读短文，回答短文后的问题。 Albert Einstein: a great self-learner Most people know about Albert Einstein and his important scientific discoveries (科学发现). His ideas helped change the world. But did you know that Einstein was a great self-learner? From a young age, Einstein was willing to explore new ideas on his own. All through his life, his love of learning helped him become one of the most well-known scientists in history. Einstein didn’t start speaking until he was about three years old, and he didn’t speak in full sentences until he was five. At school, many teachers couldn’t see his talents, and they didn’t think he was a special student. But they were wrong! From a very young age, Einstein was curious about the world around him. He read books on many different subjects. In this way, he taught himself maths, science and more. Luckily, he had the support of his family. His parents often gave him textbooks ahead of time. His uncle also gave him maths puzzles to solve. By the time he finished high school, Einstein already had interesting ideas about time and space. As Einstein grew older, he went on to learn on his own. He did his own scientific experiments and explored new ideas. He never got tired of asking questions and working hard to find the answers. Einstein’s learning journey shows curiosity and hard work can ________ greatness. His story continues to inspire (鼓舞) people to explore, to ask questions and never to stop learning. 注：每道题目答案不超过5个词。 1．What helped make Einstein one of the most famous scientist in history? 2．When did Einstein speak full sentences? 3．What subjects did Einstein teach himself? 4．Please fill in the blank in the last paragraph. 5．What can we learn from Albert Einstein? Passage 5 （25-26八年级上·江苏连云港·阶段检测）阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题，每个题目的答案不超过5个单词。 China has many heroes in science. Nan Rendong (南仁东) is a famous scientist in China. He is well-known for his great achievements in building the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST). FAST is the largest radio telescope in the world. Nan Rendong spent over twenty years working on this project. At first, he had to go to many faraway places across the country. These places often didn’t have good roads. He had to walk for hours to get to good spots. He often met bad weather, like heavy rain and strong winds. But he never said anything bad about it. He faced lots of problems. However, he never stopped trying. His hard work and strong mind made it possible for China to have this great thing. He was not only really smart but also very responsible (负责的). He always thought about the project first. When there was a problem, he was the first to come and find a way to solve it. He devoted himself to this career (事业). Even after his death, people still remember him and are proud of him. His story tells us that if we keep trying, we will solve any problem. He is truly a role model of the times. 1．What is Nan Rendong famous for? 2．How long did Nan Rendong spend working on the FAST project? 3．Why did Nan Rendong have to walk for hours during the project? 4．What do you think of Nan Rendong? 5．What can you learn from the story? Passage 6 （25-26八年级上·山东菏泽·期末）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。 Yang Chen-Ning: A Great Physicist Who Loved His Country Yang Chen-Ning was a world-famous physicist. He passed away in Beijing at the age of 103. His life was filled with great success in science and deep love for China. Yang was born in Hefei, Anhui, in 1922. When he was a little boy, he became very interested in science. During the war, he studied at Southwest Associated University. Later, he went to the US to learn more. In 1948, he got his doctor’s degree (学位) from the University of Chicago and started his work in science. Yang did a lot for physics. In 1954, he and Mills made the “Yang-Mills Gauge Theory”—it became one of the important bases of modern physics. In 1956, he worked with Tsung-Dao Lee and put forward a new theory about the universe (宇宙). This theory changed how people thought about the world. Because of it, they won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957. They were the first Chinese scientists to get this big prize. He also found the “Yang-Baxter Equation”, which opened new ways for studying physics and math. Even though he lived abroad for many years, Yang always cared about China. In 1971, when relations (关系) between China and the US got better, he came back to China soon. He helped China talk and learn from other countries in science. Later, he taught at Tsinghua University and tried his best to teach young scientists. He raised money, invited great teachers, and gave away many books to help China’s science and education grow. Chen-Ning Yang’s life was like a great story of exploring the unknown and loving his country. His spirit of seeking truth and caring for his motherland will always encourage us. 1．Where was Chen-Ning Yang born? 2．Which university did Yang attend during the war? 3．Why did Yang and Lee win the Nobel Prize? 4．How did Yang help China’s science and education grow? 5．What can you learn from Yang’s story? 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 （25-26八年级上·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·期末）阅读下面短文，在空格处填入适当的虚词或用括号内单词的适当形式填空。 Do you know Huang Xuhua? He is a great scientist. Recently, I 1 (read) his story many times. He is one of the most excellent 2 (pioneer) in the field of China’s nuclear submarines (核潜艇). Huang was born in 1926. When he was a child, he made up his mind to devote (奉献) 3 (he) to his country. He once said that he wanted to become 4 useful person for his motherland. In 1958, through the government’s selection (挑选), he joined the research team tasked with designing China’s first nuclear submarine. At that time, many people thought it was 5 (possible) for the Chinese to finish such a difficult task. Because other countries were very protective (保护的) of such technologies, they had little information to learn. But Huang and his team didn’t give up. They started by searching for newspapers and magazines for information. They did lots of research and 6 (fix) difficult problems by themselves. Finally, Huang and his team came up 7 five plans after putting together all the information they found. And China successfully built its first nuclear submarine in 1970, becoming the 8 (five) nation to have such hardware (硬件). 9 (unlucky), Huang died on 6 February 2025. As students, we should learn from him 10 try our best to make our country better and better in the future. Passage 2 （25-26八年级上·广东深圳·期中）Have you ever read the book A Brief History of Time? It was written by Stephen Hawking in 1988. Stephen Hawking was born on January 8th, 1942, exactly 300 years after the 1 (die) of Galileo in Oxford, England. 2 the age of eleven, Stephen went to Oxford University, his father’s old college. After three years, he 3 (win) a first-class honors degree in natural science. In October 1962, Stephen arrived at the University of Cambridge to do research. He 4 (real) enjoyed his time there. Unluckily, Stephen had a bad 5 (ill) shortly after his 21st birthday in 1963 and was given two years to live. Yet, he went on working hard to become 6 excellent scientist. Stephen didn’t live by 7 (he). He fell in love with Jane Wilde 8 they got married in 1965. Then they had three 9 (child). Hawking liked China very much. He had visited China several times. On November 24th, 2017, Hawking 10 (reply) to Wang Junkai on his Weibo. He said he was pleased to answer the excellent question from Mr. Wang Junkai. Passage 3 （25-26八年级上·内蒙古呼和浩特·期中）阅读短文内容，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 We all think of Yuan Longping as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”. In fact, he also has 1 (talent) in reading, swimming and playing the violin. Yuan has stuck to a reading habit—reading aloud 2 over 60 years. He finds it helps him have a better 3   (understand) of articles. Yuan is a good swimmer. Yuan’s mom didn’t allow him 4 (swim) in the river when he was a child. At the age of 8, he fell into a river and a boatman saved him. This 5 (drive) him to learn to swim. In a national swimming competition in Chengdu, Yuan finished 4th in the race 6 (successful). Yuan once said, “People 7 (be) quite stressed recently, and swimming is a good choice to relax.” Yuan is also a good music lover. Nothing is more beautiful than music in Yuan’s heart. Music makes him more 8 (create). He said, “Music is the warmth that has accompanied (陪伴) me throughout my life.” Yuan once said, “We should be good both in mind and body.” Not only did he finish great things, 9 also he had a unique soul (独特的灵魂).” As middle school students, we should also explore 10 (we) and find interests like Yuan Longping. Passage 4 （25-26八年级上·四川遂宁·阶段检测）When “the goddess scientist” Yan Ning was 1 teenager, she was interested in science. 2 (she) chemistry teacher told her that girls were good at science. That’s why she expected 3 (become) a scientist. After years of hard work, she went to Tsinghua University to study and then studied for her doctor’s degree (学位) at Princeton University. There she 4 (choose) the most difficult project in the lab. In 2007, she finished school and went back to teach at Tsinghua University. At the age of 30, she became one of 5 (young) professors (教授) at Tsinghua University. 6 the road to being a woman scientist is not easy. Yan works so hard that she 7 (usual) works for more than 14 hours a day. She never feels tired because she thinks it is very enjoyable to do what she loves. Yan got lots of 8 (prizes) for her great work. 9 21st November, 2023, she helped to set up Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation (深圳医学科学院). Let’s look forward to great success of Yan and her team! We hope they 10 (make) their dreams come true in the future! Passage 5 （24-25八年级上·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡规定的位置上。 Many of you should hear of the book Tiangong Kaiwu. It is one of the 1 (great) encyclopedias written in the 17th century. But how much do you know about its 2 (intelligence) writer, Song Yingxing? Song was a great scientist. He 3 (bear) in 1587 and had a happy childhood. He and his brother Song Yingsheng went to school together. Song won the 4 (three) place in the provincial Imperial Exam (省级科举考试). Later, they took the national Imperial Exam, but they both failed. Song worked 5 a teacher for many years. Meanwhile, he took part in the national Imperial Exam for another four times. 6 (lucky), he never got success. 7 , he learned about the technologies that were used in different fields on his repeated trips to take the exams. His wide knowledge made him finish writing Tiangong Kaiwu in 8 1630s. The book covers more than 130 technologies, 9 (include) many pictures to help with the understanding of the text. The book became popular soon after it came out. In Song’s final years, he wrote many articles and poems against (反对) the new king. The king was so angry 10 he burned all of Song’s works. But Tiangong Kaiwu had already spread to many other countries. Passage 6 （25-26八年级上·重庆沙坪坝·期中）阅读下文并回答问题。 This year is special for China’s world of math. It’s all because of one great woman—Wang Hong. Wang was born in 1991 in Guilin. Her parents were both middle school teachers. She showed an unusual talent for math at an early age. When she was just five years old, she already finished first-grade math and went straight to second grade. Some people think talent makes life easy. But Wang’s path was far from smooth. In middle school, her grades were not good at first—she was not in the top 100. But she didn’t give up. She worked very hard, and later became one of the top ten students in her grade. At the age of sixteen, she entered Peking University and learned more about math. In 2011, Wang went to France to study. “I felt a little lost at that time,” the girl said. “I gave up on math and studied architecture (建筑学) for six months. Then I remembered how hard I had learned math before. I only doubted myself because my classmates were all very smart.” Wang became confident again and returned to math. She studied even harder and got her PhD (博士学位) at MIT (美国麻省理工学院). This past February, Wang did something really amazing. She solved a century-old math problem—the Kakeya conjecture. Mathematicians (数学家) all over the world were so surprised and excited! Now, Wang is a professor at two great universities. With all her good qualities, Wang Hong is living a future even bigger than her dreams. When a reporter asked Wang Hong to share some advice with junior high school students struggling (费力地) with math, she smiled and replied gently, “__________________________________.” 1．Were Wang Hong’s grades in the top 100 at first in the middle school? 2．Why is Wang Hong’s story special for China’s math world this year? 3．What makes Wang Hong successful in the field of math? 4．What advice may Wang Hong give to junior high school students? Fill in the blank in the end. (at least two pieces of advice) Passage 7 （25-26八年级上·辽宁沈阳·期中）阅读短文，然后根据内容回答问题。 Deng Jiaxian was a great Chinese scientist and a key founder of China’s nuclear weapon (核武器) project. He was born in 1924 and did very well in school when he was young. Later, he studied abroad and made great progress in physics. But as soon as New China was set up, he gave up his comfortable life overseas and came back. In 1958, Deng Jiaxian got an important secret task: to develop China’s first atomic bomb (原子弹) and hydrogen bomb (氢弹). From that day on, he “disappeared” from his family and friends. For 28 years, he worked in the faraway Gobi Desert (戈壁沙漠). The environment there was very hard—it was extremely hot in summer and freezing cold in winter. He led his team to do experiments day and night, and they faced many difficulties and dangers. In 1964, China’s first atomic bomb exploded (爆炸) successfully with a big bang. Later, the hydrogen bomb test also succeeded. These achievements made China much stronger and safer. During 45 nuclear tests, Deng Jiaxian went to the test area 32 times, and he led 15 of those tests. Once, after a test failed, he ran into the radiation (辐射) area to pick up broken pieces. This hurt his health very badly. Deng Jiaxian died in 1986. He never told others about his achievements, but people call him “the Backbone (栋梁) of China”. He spent his whole life keeping his promise to serve the country. 1．When did Deng Jiaxian get the important secret task? 2．How long did Deng Jiaxian work in the Gobi Desert? 3．Why was the environment of the Gobi Desert so hard? 4．What can we learn from Deng Jiaxian? Write 30 words or more. Passage 8 （24-25八年级下·重庆渝中·期中）阅读下文并回答问题。 Life is full of challenges. The amazing Chinese people are always doing great things. Let’s meet three of these amazing people: Yang Yu-an animation (动画) director, Liang Wenfeng—an AI creator, and Li Ziqi—a cultural storyteller. Yang Yu: From a Medical Student to a Movie MakerYang Yu made the popular movie Ne Zha. While studying to be a doctor, he secretly learned animation. After school, he stayed home for three years without a job. His mother’s small savings supported him while he practiced drawing. Many people doubted (怀疑) him, but he kept working. Like the brave Ne Zha in his movie, he showed that success g goes to those who keep going. As he says, “True bravery (勇敢) means not letting others decide who you are.” Let his story guide us forward! Liang Wenfeng: Building China’s AI FutureLiang Wenfeng and his team at DeepSeek became world leaders in AI technology in just two years because they truly loved what they were doing. They didn’t study abroad but showed Chinese talents can do amazing things. Their work encourages young people to believe in themselves during the AI age. His story teaches us, “Keep trying, even if your path looks different! And we can turn those doubts into our strength.” Li Ziqi: Sharing China’s TraditionsLi Ziqi makes beautiful videos about countryside life. After taking a three-year break, she returned with a video about traditional lacquer art (漆艺). She receives many opinions questioning her, but she doesn’t listen to them. No matter what difficulties she faces, she continues working to remind us that keeping traditions alive is important. Even though she’s famous now, she stays true to her love for Chinese culture. 1．Did Liang Wenfeng and his team study abroad? 2．How long did Li Ziqi take a rest before she made a video about traditional lacquer art? 3．What makes these three people successful according to the passage? 4．Do you agree with the underlined sentence in the passage? Why or why not? (About 30 words) ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Role Models 语法填空、阅读表达题型专练（话题：人与社会——榜样） 热点题型概览 语法填空 1.无词形变化的词题， 一般是3个或4个小题，近年来，只考查了冠词、关联词（连词）和介词等三类词； 2.有词形变化的词题， 即要填词的正确形式， 一般是6个或7个小题，常考查了代词的四种格式，谓语动词的时态和、非谓语动词、形容词或副词的词类转化、疑问词等几种情况。 根据设题规律，可将语法填空题的基本思路归纳成下表： 有提示词 1.名词 A.名词出现的背景 动词后作宾语、介词后作宾语、冠词之后、数词之后 B.名词词形技巧：主要考虑名词的单复数及其所有格形式。 2.动词 A.动词出现的背景 主宾或介宾之间的动词．be动词后的动词：进行时与被动语态；情态动词之 后缺动词；并列关系中的动词；主谓分离后的谓语动词形式；分词后置作定语：过去分词和现在分词。 B.动词词形技巧： 主要考虑是要填动词的谓语形式(原形、第三人称单数、过去式、现在分词及 其过去分词形式。)还是填动词的非谓语形式(不定式，现在分词，过去分词) 3.形容词 A.形容词出现的背景 作表语、作定语修饰名词、用在某些动词后作宾语补足语 B.形容词词形技巧： 主要考虑形容词原形、比较级、最高级形式。 4.副词 A.副词出现的背景 A．句首，作状语修饰整个句子 B．在动宾结构之后或系表结构之间表程度、方式、频率等，修饰动词 C. 在所修饰的形容词之前，作程度副词 B.副词词形技巧：主要考虑副词原形、比较级、最高级形式。 5. 代词 代替前文出现的人、物或一件事（主要人称、物主、反身代词的变化） 无提示词 6. 介词 注意常用的介词用法和固定搭配 7. 连词 注意上下文及句子之间的逻辑关系 8. 冠词 a\an\the的用法区分 9. 平时的学习和做题过程中也要注意积累固定搭配和固定句型，培养语感。 阅读表达 阅读表达所提的问题中,一般疑问句的提问方式频率很低,有时完全删掉,“wh-疑问词”开头的特殊疑问句越来越多,意味着对文章理解要求越来越高。复习备考中,考生要切实提高阅读理解能力和表达能力。平时练习中要通过精读完全理解文章。 解题基本步骤 1. 先看问题，再读文章：把握主题，确定方向，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息，高效省时。 2. 细读全文，认真推敲：细心阅读与试题有的词汇、句子或段落，要特别留心一些信息词。 3. 复读全文，验证答案：在找到答案后，应将答案带入问题中，检查有无矛盾，若前后不一致或意思矛盾，则要考虑重选答案。 注意事项 1. 答题有据，避免主观。 2. 符合原文的答案 ＝ 正确答案 ≠ 最佳答案 3. 解题有法，但无定法，贵在得法。要答好阅读理解题，必须多读、巧读和善于思考。要不断扩大词汇量，拓宽阅读面，提高阅读速度，同时也要探索和总结适合自己方法或，实践出真知，多练出效益。 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 （26-27八年级上·全国·课后作业）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Marie Skłodowska-Curie was a famous scientist. She was born in Warsaw, Poland, in 1867. As a child, she enjoyed studying maths and physics and she wanted 1 (go) to university. At that time, women in Poland couldn’t attend university, so Marie went to a secret university. Finally, in 1891, Marie arrived at the Sorbonne University in France. Two years later, she received her degree in physics, and one year later a second degree in 2 (chemical). In 1895, Marie married Pierre Curie. Together they discovered polonium and radium. In 1903, Pierre was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. 3 (wise), Marie wasn’t included at first because she was a woman. However, Pierre refused to accept the prize 4 he and Marie made the discovery together, so Marie became the first woman 5 (win) a Nobel Prize. In 1906, Pierre died in an accident, but Marie didn’t stop her research. She became the first female teacher at the Sorbonne University and won another Nobel Prize, this time in 6 (chemist), in 1911. Marie also developed the use of X-rays. During World War I, she set up mobile X-ray units and trained doctors and nurses to use 7 (they). People guess that a million soldiers were saved because of these X-ray units. Marie Skłodowska-Curie died in Paris in 1934. She was the first person to win Nobel Prizes twice, and she is still the only person to win twice for different 8 (science). She was a brave scientist who saved lots of 9 (life) by risking hers. Her story tells us that 10 (persevere) and love for science can lead to great success. 【答案】1．to go 2．chemistry 3．Unwisely 4．because 5．to win 6．chemistry 7．them 8．sciences 9．lives 10．perseverance 【导语】本文介绍了著名科学家玛丽·居里的生平事迹、科学成就及其对世界的贡献。 【详解】1．句意：她喜欢学习数学和物理，并且她想上大学。固定搭配“want to do sth.”表示“想要做某事”。 2．句意：两年后，她获得了物理学学位，一年后又获得了化学的第二个学位。“化学”作为学科名词，应用chemistry，而chemical是形容词“化学的”，chemist是“化学家”，故填chemistry。 3．句意：不明智的是，玛丽最初没有被包括在内，因为她是一名女性。空格位于句首，修饰整个句子，需用副词作状语。结合上下文，她因性别原因被排除在诺贝尔奖之外，这种行为是“不明智的、不合理的”，因此应使用“wise”的反义词形式“unwisely”，意为“不明智地”，首字母大写。 4．句意：然而，皮埃尔拒绝接受该奖项，因为是他和玛丽一起做出了这一发现。 前后分句为因果关系，需用连词“because”引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”。 5．句意：玛丽成为第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性。名词前有序数词“the first”修饰，常用不定式作后置定语。 6．句意：这次是在化学领域，于1911年。介词“in”后接学科名称，“chemist”为名词（化学家），其学科名词为“chemistry”（化学）。 7．句意：她建立了移动X光设备并培训医生和护士使用它们。作动词use的宾语，需用人称代词宾格them。 8．句意：她仍然是唯一一位在两种不同科学领域两次获奖的人。different修饰可数名词复数，science意为“科学学科”，复数形式为sciences。 9．句意：她是一位勇敢的科学家，冒着生命危险拯救了许多生命。lots of后接可数名词复数，life的复数形式为lives。 10．句意：她的故事告诉我们，毅力和对科学的热爱可以带来巨大的成功。此处作主语，需用名词形式perseverance，意为“毅力”。 Passage 2 （25-26八年级上·内蒙古赤峰·期末）阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A Great Physicist: Yang Chen-Ning Yang Chen-Ning, 1 famous physicist, passed away in Beijing on October 18, 2025. He taught at Tsinghua University. Yang was born in 1922 in Anhui Province. In 1929, he moved to Beijing 2 his family. He started his university studies in 1938 and got a master’s degree in 1944. The next year, he went to the US for further study and got a PhD in 1948. In 1957, Yang and his friend 3 (win) the Nobel Prize in Physics. Their discovery changed scientists’ 4 (understand) of small particles (粒子) in nature. It was an important discovery in the world of science. Later, Yang worked in the US for many years. Since1986, he 5 (come) back to China often. He taught at a university in Hong Kong and helped Tsinghua University build 6 (good) study programs than before. Yang loved his country 7 (deep). In 1971, he visited China for the first time. This encouraged many Chinese researchers abroad 8 (come) back. He also raised money to help Chinese students study in other 9 (country). Yang’s life is like a wonderful story that still encourages lots of people. 10 (he) great love for his country and hard work left a shining mark in history. 【答案】1．a 2．with 3．won 4．understanding 5．has come 6．better 7．deeply 8．to come 9．countries 10．His 【导语】本文介绍了诺贝尔物理学奖得主杨振宁的生平、学术成就，其对中美科教交流的贡献及爱国事迹，展现了他对科学与国家的深远影响。 1．句意：杨振宁，一位著名的物理学家，于2025年10月18日在北京去世。根据“famous physicist”可知，此处表示泛指“一位著名的物理学家”，famous以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 2．句意：1929年，他和家人搬到了北京。根据“he moved to Beijing...his family”可知，此处指他和家人一起搬到北京，with“和……一起”符合语境。故填with。 3．句意：1957年，杨振宁和他的朋友获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。根据“In 1957”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式won。故填won。 4．句意：他们的发现改变了科学家对自然界小粒子的理解。根据“scientists’...of small particles”可知，此处指科学家对小粒子的理解，understand的名词形式understanding“理解”符合语境。故填understanding。 5．句意：自1986年以来，他经常回到中国。根据“Since 1986”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，结构为have/has done，主语he为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has come。 6．句意：他在香港的一所大学任教，并帮助清华大学建立了比以前更好的学习项目。根据“than before”可知，此处用比较级better“更好的”。故填better。 7．句意：杨振宁深深地爱着他的祖国。根据“loved his country”可知，此处用副词deeply“深深地”修饰动词loved。故填deeply。 8．句意：这鼓励了许多海外中国研究人员回国。encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，固定搭配，所以此处用动词不定式to come。故填to come。 9．句意：他还筹集资金帮助中国学生在其他国家学习。other后接可数名词复数，country的复数形式为countries。故填countries。 10．句意：他对祖国的热爱和辛勤工作在历史上留下了光辉的印记。根据“great love for his country”可知，此处指他的热爱，用形容词性物主代词His“他的”修饰名词love，句首首字母大写。故填His。 Passage 3 （25-26八年级上·广东深圳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yuan Longping (1930-2021) was a world-famous Chinese agricultural scientist. People call him 1 “Father of Hybrid Rice.” He spent his whole life 2 (develop) new kinds of rice. In the early 1960s, Yuan began his research, 3 the key breakthrough did not come until 1964, when he discovered a special natural rice plant in Hainan. After many 4 (year) of hard work, in 1973, he and his team successfully developed the world’s 5 (one) hybrid rice. The yield (产量) increased 6 (great), from about 150 kg to over 500 kg per mu. Thanks to their work, China has been able to feed its large population. 7 addition, since the 1970s, his work 8 (help) to feed people in many other parts of the world. Farmers in a lot of countries now grow his hybrid rice. Yuan won many awards for his research, including one of China’s 9 (high) honors, the Medal of the Republic. Yuan passed away in 2021. People in China and around the world remember 10 (he) as a hero. His work and spirit continue to inspire us all. 【答案】1．the 2．developing 3．but 4．years 5．first 6．greatly 7．In 8．has helped 9．highest 10．him 【导语】本文介绍了袁隆平院士在杂交水稻领域的重大贡献及其全球影响。 【详解】1．句意：人们称他为“杂交水稻之父”。根据上下文，此处需填入定冠词the，表示特指“杂交水稻之父”这一称号。故填the。 2．句意：他一生致力于研发新型水稻。根据“spent his whole life”结构，后面需接动名词作宾语，表示持续进行的活动。故填developing。 3．句意：1939年袁隆平开始研究，但关键突破直到1964年才出现。根据前后句转折关系，需用连词but连接两个时间节点。故填but。 4．句意：经过多年努力后，1973年他成功研发杂交水稻。根据“many”和“of hard work”可知需用复数名词years表示时间跨度。故填years。 5．句意：他和团队成功研发出世界首个杂交水稻品种。根据“world’s”和序数词用法，需用first表示“首个”。故填first。 6．句意：产量从150公斤/亩大幅提升至500公斤/亩。根据“increased”和“from…to”结构，需用副词greatly修饰动词。故填greatly。 7．句意：此外，自1970年代起他的成果还帮助了其他国家。根据“China has been able…”和“since the 1970s”的递进关系，需用固定搭配in addition表示补充说明。故填In。 8．句意：他的工作帮助了全球多国人民。根据“since the 1970s”时间状语，需用现在完成时has helped表示持续影响。故填has helped。 9．句意：他获得过中国最高荣誉之一的共和国勋章。根据“one of China’s”和“honors”可知需用形容词最高级highest修饰名词。故填highest。 10．句意：中国和世界人民都将他铭记为英雄。根据“remember”动词搭配，需用宾格代词him作宾语。故填him。 Passage 4 （25-26八年级上·江苏徐州·期中）阅读短文，回答短文后的问题。 Albert Einstein: a great self-learner Most people know about Albert Einstein and his important scientific discoveries (科学发现). His ideas helped change the world. But did you know that Einstein was a great self-learner? From a young age, Einstein was willing to explore new ideas on his own. All through his life, his love of learning helped him become one of the most well-known scientists in history. Einstein didn’t start speaking until he was about three years old, and he didn’t speak in full sentences until he was five. At school, many teachers couldn’t see his talents, and they didn’t think he was a special student. But they were wrong! From a very young age, Einstein was curious about the world around him. He read books on many different subjects. In this way, he taught himself maths, science and more. Luckily, he had the support of his family. His parents often gave him textbooks ahead of time. His uncle also gave him maths puzzles to solve. By the time he finished high school, Einstein already had interesting ideas about time and space. As Einstein grew older, he went on to learn on his own. He did his own scientific experiments and explored new ideas. He never got tired of asking questions and working hard to find the answers. Einstein’s learning journey shows curiosity and hard work can ________ greatness. His story continues to inspire (鼓舞) people to explore, to ask questions and never to stop learning. 注：每道题目答案不超过5个词。 1．What helped make Einstein one of the most famous scientist in history? 2．When did Einstein speak full sentences? 3．What subjects did Einstein teach himself? 4．Please fill in the blank in the last paragraph. 5．What can we learn from Albert Einstein? 【答案】1．His/The love of learning. 2．When he was five./At five (years old). 3．Maths, science and more. 4．lead to/contribute to/create/… 5．Never stop learning./Curiosity and hard work matter./Keep exploring and asking questions. Learn by oneself. 【导语】本文主要讲述了伟大的科学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦作为一名伟大的自学者的故事，强调了好奇心、努力工作和终身学习的重要性。 【详解】1．第一段提到：“All through his life, his love of learning helped him become one of the most well-known scientists in history.”，是他对学习的热爱使他成为历史上最著名的科学家之一。 2．第二段提到：“he didn’t speak in full sentences until he was five”，他五岁时说出完整的句子。 3．第三段提到：“he taught himself maths, science and more”，他自学了数学、科学等科目。 4．第五段提到：“Einstein’s learning journey shows curiosity and hard work can…greatness. ”，结合上文可知是好奇心和努力工作能导致/成就伟大。 5．第五段提到：“”His story continues to inspire people to explore, to ask questions and never to stop learning.”可知，是我们能从他身上学到永不停止学习。 Passage 5 （25-26八年级上·江苏连云港·阶段检测）阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题，每个题目的答案不超过5个单词。 China has many heroes in science. Nan Rendong (南仁东) is a famous scientist in China. He is well-known for his great achievements in building the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST). FAST is the largest radio telescope in the world. Nan Rendong spent over twenty years working on this project. At first, he had to go to many faraway places across the country. These places often didn’t have good roads. He had to walk for hours to get to good spots. He often met bad weather, like heavy rain and strong winds. But he never said anything bad about it. He faced lots of problems. However, he never stopped trying. His hard work and strong mind made it possible for China to have this great thing. He was not only really smart but also very responsible (负责的). He always thought about the project first. When there was a problem, he was the first to come and find a way to solve it. He devoted himself to this career (事业). Even after his death, people still remember him and are proud of him. His story tells us that if we keep trying, we will solve any problem. He is truly a role model of the times. 1．What is Nan Rendong famous for? 2．How long did Nan Rendong spend working on the FAST project? 3．Why did Nan Rendong have to walk for hours during the project? 4．What do you think of Nan Rendong? 5．What can you learn from the story? 【答案】1．Building FAST. 2．Over twenty years. 3．No good roads. 4．Smart and responsible. 5．Keeping trying can solve problems. 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国著名科学家南仁东的生平事迹。 【详解】1．根据第一段中“He is well-known for his great achievements in building the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST).”可知，南仁东因建造FAST而闻名。 2．根据第二段中“Nan Rendong spent over twenty years working on this project.”可知，南仁东花费了超过二十年的时间在FAST项目上。 3．根据第二段中“These places often didn’t have good roads. He had to walk for hours to get to good spots.”可知，南仁东要步行数小时是因为那些地方没有好的道路。 4．根据第三段中“He was not only really smart but also very responsible (负责的).”可知，南仁东既聪明又负责任。 5．根据第三段中“His story tells us that if we keep trying, we will solve any problem.”可知，南仁东的故事告诉我们如果不断尝试就能解决任何问题。 Passage 6 （25-26八年级上·山东菏泽·期末）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。 Yang Chen-Ning: A Great Physicist Who Loved His Country Yang Chen-Ning was a world-famous physicist. He passed away in Beijing at the age of 103. His life was filled with great success in science and deep love for China. Yang was born in Hefei, Anhui, in 1922. When he was a little boy, he became very interested in science. During the war, he studied at Southwest Associated University. Later, he went to the US to learn more. In 1948, he got his doctor’s degree (学位) from the University of Chicago and started his work in science. Yang did a lot for physics. In 1954, he and Mills made the “Yang-Mills Gauge Theory”—it became one of the important bases of modern physics. In 1956, he worked with Tsung-Dao Lee and put forward a new theory about the universe (宇宙). This theory changed how people thought about the world. Because of it, they won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957. They were the first Chinese scientists to get this big prize. He also found the “Yang-Baxter Equation”, which opened new ways for studying physics and math. Even though he lived abroad for many years, Yang always cared about China. In 1971, when relations (关系) between China and the US got better, he came back to China soon. He helped China talk and learn from other countries in science. Later, he taught at Tsinghua University and tried his best to teach young scientists. He raised money, invited great teachers, and gave away many books to help China’s science and education grow. Chen-Ning Yang’s life was like a great story of exploring the unknown and loving his country. His spirit of seeking truth and caring for his motherland will always encourage us. 1．Where was Chen-Ning Yang born? 2．Which university did Yang attend during the war? 3．Why did Yang and Lee win the Nobel Prize? 4．How did Yang help China’s science and education grow? 5．What can you learn from Yang’s story? 【答案】1．He was born in Hefei, Anhui./In Hefei./In Anhui. 2．Southwest Associated University. 3． Because they put forward a new theory about the universe which changed people’s way of thinking about the world. 4．He raised money, invited great teachers, and gave away many books./He helped China talk and learn from other countries in science. /He taught at Tsinghua University and tried his best to teach young scientists. 5．Chen-Ning Yang’s life was like a great story of exploring the unknown and loving his country./His spirit of seeking truth and caring for his motherland will always encourage us.(合理即可) 【导语】本文是一篇人物传记类文章，介绍了著名物理学家杨振宁的一生。 【详解】1．根据“Yang was born in Hefei, Anhui, in 1922.” 可知，杨振宁出生于安徽合肥。故填He was born in Hefei, Anhui./In Hefei./In Anhui. 2．根据“During the war, he studied at Southwest Associated University.” 可知，战争期间他在西南联合大学上学。故填Southwest Associated University. 3．根据“In 1956, he worked with Tsung-Dao Lee and put forward a new theory about the universe (宇宙). This theory changed how people thought about the world. Because of it, they won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957.” 可知，杨振宁和李政道合作提出了关于宇宙的新理论，这个理论改变了人们对世界的看法，因此他们获得了诺贝尔奖。故填Because they put forward a new theory about the universe which changed people’s way of thinking about the world. 4．根据“He helped China talk and learn from other countries in science. Later, he taught at Tsinghua University and tried his best to teach young scientists. He raised money, invited great teachers, and gave away many books to help China’s science and education grow.” 可知，杨振宁通过帮助中国与其他国家在科学方面交流学习、在清华大学任教培养年轻科学家、筹集资金、邀请名师、捐赠书籍等方式帮助中国科学和教育发展。故填He raised money, invited great teachers, and gave away many books./He helped China talk and learn from other countries in science./He taught at Tsinghua University and tried his best to teach young scientists. 5．本题为开放性问题，答案不唯一，结合杨振宁的事迹，如热爱祖国、追求真理等合理作答即可。故填Chen-Ning Yang’s life was like a great story of exploring the unknown and loving his country./His spirit of seeking truth and caring for his motherland will always encourage us. 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 （25-26八年级上·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·期末）阅读下面短文，在空格处填入适当的虚词或用括号内单词的适当形式填空。 Do you know Huang Xuhua? He is a great scientist. Recently, I 1 (read) his story many times. He is one of the most excellent 2 (pioneer) in the field of China’s nuclear submarines (核潜艇). Huang was born in 1926. When he was a child, he made up his mind to devote (奉献) 3 (he) to his country. He once said that he wanted to become 4 useful person for his motherland. In 1958, through the government’s selection (挑选), he joined the research team tasked with designing China’s first nuclear submarine. At that time, many people thought it was 5 (possible) for the Chinese to finish such a difficult task. Because other countries were very protective (保护的) of such technologies, they had little information to learn. But Huang and his team didn’t give up. They started by searching for newspapers and magazines for information. They did lots of research and 6 (fix) difficult problems by themselves. Finally, Huang and his team came up 7 five plans after putting together all the information they found. And China successfully built its first nuclear submarine in 1970, becoming the 8 (five) nation to have such hardware (硬件). 9 (unlucky), Huang died on 6 February 2025. As students, we should learn from him 10 try our best to make our country better and better in the future. 【答案】1．have read 2．pioneers 3．himself 4．a 5．impossible 6．fixed 7．with 8．fifth 9．Unluckily 10．and 【导语】本文介绍了中国核潜艇领域先驱黄旭华的事迹，讲述他立志报国、攻坚克难研制核潜艇，以及他的逝世和对后人的激励。 【详解】1．句意：最近，我已经读了他的故事很多遍了。根据“Recently, I...his story many times.”可知，时态是现在完成时，结构为have/has+动词过去分词，主语I后用have，read的过去分词为read。故填have read。 2．句意：他是中国核潜艇领域最杰出的先驱之一。one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数表示“最……之一”，pioneer的复数形式为pioneers。故填pioneers。 3．句意：当他还是个孩子的时候，他就下定决心要献身于自己的国家。devote oneself to是固定搭配，表示“献身于……”，he的反身代词为himself。故填himself。 4．句意：他曾经说过，他想成为一个对祖国有用的人。useful是以辅音音素开头的单词，此处表示泛指“一个”，用不定冠词a。故填a。 5．句意：那时，很多人认为中国人完成这样一项艰巨的任务是不可能的。根据后文“they had little information to learn”可知，此处表示很多人认为完成这样一项艰巨的任务是不可能的，possible的反义词为impossible“不可能的”。故填impossible。 6．句意：他们做了大量的研究，并且自己解决了难题。and连接并列谓语动词，前面的did是过去式，fix的过去式为fixed。故填fixed。 7．句意：最后，黄旭华和他的团队汇总了找到的所有信息后，提出了五个方案。come up with是固定搭配，表示“提出”。故填with。 8．句意：中国于1970年成功建造了第一艘核潜艇，成为世界上第五个拥有此类装备的国家。此处表示顺序“第五”，用five的序数词fifth。故填fifth。 9．句意：不幸的是，黄旭华于2025年2月6日逝世。此处修饰整个句子，用unlucky的副词形式unluckily，句首单词首字母大写。故填Unluckily。 10．句意：作为学生，我们应该向他学习，并且努力让我们的国家在未来变得越来越好。此处连接两个并列的谓语动词learn和try，用连词and。故填and。 Passage 2 （25-26八年级上·广东深圳·期中）Have you ever read the book A Brief History of Time? It was written by Stephen Hawking in 1988. Stephen Hawking was born on January 8th, 1942, exactly 300 years after the 1 (die) of Galileo in Oxford, England. 2 the age of eleven, Stephen went to Oxford University, his father’s old college. After three years, he 3 (win) a first-class honors degree in natural science. In October 1962, Stephen arrived at the University of Cambridge to do research. He 4 (real) enjoyed his time there. Unluckily, Stephen had a bad 5 (ill) shortly after his 21st birthday in 1963 and was given two years to live. Yet, he went on working hard to become 6 excellent scientist. Stephen didn’t live by 7 (he). He fell in love with Jane Wilde 8 they got married in 1965. Then they had three 9 (child). Hawking liked China very much. He had visited China several times. On November 24th, 2017, Hawking 10 (reply) to Wang Junkai on his Weibo. He said he was pleased to answer the excellent question from Mr. Wang Junkai. 【答案】1．death   2．At   3．won   4．really   5．illness   6．an   7．himself   8．and   9．children 10．replied 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，简要介绍了英国物理学家斯蒂芬·霍金的生平，包括其教育经历、疾病抗争、家庭生活以及对中国的喜爱，展现了他坚韧不拔的科学精神与人格魅力。 【详解】1．句意：斯蒂芬·霍金于1942年1月8日出生在英国牛津，恰好是伽利略去世300年后。根据“the…of Galileo”可知，“the+名词+of”表所属关系，此处需用die的名词形式death，故填death。 2．句意：11岁时，斯蒂芬进入了牛津大学——他父亲的母校。根据“the age of eleven”可知，此处为固定搭配“at the age of”，表示“在……岁时”，句首首字母大写，故填At。 3．句意：三年后，他获得了自然科学一级荣誉学位。根据“After three years”并结合前文“went”可知，这句话用一般过去时，此处用win的过去式won，故填won。 4．句意：他真的很享受在那里的时光。根据“enjoyed”可知，此处用副词really修饰动词enjoyed，故填really。 5．句意：不幸的是，1963年霍金21岁生日后不久患上了重病，医生说他只剩两年寿命。根据“a bad”可知，不定冠词a后接名词，此处需用ill的名词形式illness，故填illness。 6．句意：然而，他仍继续努力成为一名杰出的科学家。根据“excellent scientist”可知，这是单数可数名词，excellent以元音音素开头，此处用不定冠词an表泛指，故填an。 7．句意：霍金并非独自生活。根据“live by”可知，此处为固定搭配“live by oneself”，表示“独自生活”，主语是he，故填himself。 8．句意：他爱上了简·王尔德，并于1965年结婚。根据“He fell in love with Jane Wilde”和“they got married”的顺承关系可知，此处用连词and连接两个并列动作，故填and。 9．句意：后来他们有了三个孩子。根据“three”可知，此处需用child的复数形式children，故填children。 10．句意：2017年11月24日，霍金在微博上回复了王俊凯。根据“On November 24th, 2017”可知，这是过去的时间，这句话为一般过去时，此处用reply的过去式replied，故填replied。 Passage 3 （25-26八年级上·内蒙古呼和浩特·期中）阅读短文内容，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 We all think of Yuan Longping as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”. In fact, he also has 1 (talent) in reading, swimming and playing the violin. Yuan has stuck to a reading habit—reading aloud 2 over 60 years. He finds it helps him have a better 3   (understand) of articles. Yuan is a good swimmer. Yuan’s mom didn’t allow him 4 (swim) in the river when he was a child. At the age of 8, he fell into a river and a boatman saved him. This 5 (drive) him to learn to swim. In a national swimming competition in Chengdu, Yuan finished 4th in the race 6 (successful). Yuan once said, “People 7 (be) quite stressed recently, and swimming is a good choice to relax.” Yuan is also a good music lover. Nothing is more beautiful than music in Yuan’s heart. Music makes him more 8 (create). He said, “Music is the warmth that has accompanied (陪伴) me throughout my life.” Yuan once said, “We should be good both in mind and body.” Not only did he finish great things, 9 also he had a unique soul (独特的灵魂).” As middle school students, we should also explore 10 (we) and find interests like Yuan Longping. 【答案】1．talents 2．for 3．understanding 4．to swim 5．drove 6．successfully 7．have been 8．creative 9．but 10．ourselves 【导语】本文主要介绍了袁隆平除了在杂交水稻方面的成就外，在阅读、游泳和拉小提琴方面也有天赋，展现了他多才多艺的一面，同时鼓励中学生像袁隆平一样探索自我、发现兴趣。 【详解】1．句意：事实上，他在阅读、游泳和拉小提琴方面也有天赋。talent“天赋”，可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用复数形式。故填talents。 2．句意：袁隆平坚持了一个朗读习惯——大声朗读超过60年。“over 60 years”是一段时间，应用介词for。故填for。 3．句意：他发现这有助于他更好地理解文章。have a better understanding of“对……有更好的理解”，固定短语。故填understanding。 4．句意：袁隆平小时候妈妈不允许他在河里游泳。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，固定搭配，应用动词不定式to swim。故填to swim。 5．句意：这驱使他学习游泳。根据“At the age of 8, he fell into a river and a boatman saved him.”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式drove“驱使”。故填drove。 6．句意：在成都举行的一场全国游泳比赛中，袁隆平成功地获得了比赛的第四名。修饰动词finished，应用successful的副词形式successfully“成功地”。故填successfully。 7．句意：人们最近压力很大，游泳是放松的好选择。根据“recently”可知，时态是现在完成时，主语是People，助动词用have。故填have been。 8．句意：音乐使他更有创造力。make sb. +形容词“使某人……”，应用create的形容词形式creative“有创造力的”，和more构成比较级。故填creative。 9．句意：他不仅成就了伟大的事业，而且他拥有独特的灵魂。not only...but also...“不但……而且……”，固定搭配。故填but。 10．句意：作为中学生，我们也应该探索自我，像袁隆平一样发现兴趣。根据“we should also explore...”可知，是探索我们自己，应用反身代词ourselves。故填ourselves。 Passage 4 （25-26八年级上·四川遂宁·阶段检测）When “the goddess scientist” Yan Ning was 1 teenager, she was interested in science. 2 (she) chemistry teacher told her that girls were good at science. That’s why she expected 3 (become) a scientist. After years of hard work, she went to Tsinghua University to study and then studied for her doctor’s degree (学位) at Princeton University. There she 4 (choose) the most difficult project in the lab. In 2007, she finished school and went back to teach at Tsinghua University. At the age of 30, she became one of 5 (young) professors (教授) at Tsinghua University. 6 the road to being a woman scientist is not easy. Yan works so hard that she 7 (usual) works for more than 14 hours a day. She never feels tired because she thinks it is very enjoyable to do what she loves. Yan got lots of 8 (prizes) for her great work. 9 21st November, 2023, she helped to set up Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation (深圳医学科学院). Let’s look forward to great success of Yan and her team! We hope they 10 (make) their dreams come true in the future! 【答案】1．a 2．Her 3．to become 4．chose 5．the youngest 6．But 7．usually 8．prizes 9．On 10．will make 【导语】本文主要介绍了“女神科学家”颜宁的成长经历与职业成就，讲述了她从对科学感兴趣到成为顶尖科学家的历程，展现了她的努力与坚持。 【详解】1．句意：当“女神科学家”颜宁还是个青少年时，她就对科学感兴趣。根据“teenager是可数名词单数，且以辅音音素开头”可知，前面需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 2．句意：她的化学老师告诉她女生擅长科学。根据“此处修饰名词chemistry teacher”可知，要用she的形容词性物主代词Her（句首首字母大写）。故填Her。 3．句意：那就是她期望成为一名科学家的原因。根据“expect后接动词不定式的固定搭配expect to do sth.”可知，此处填to become。故填to become。 4．句意：在那里，她选择了实验室里最困难的项目。根据“文章讲述颜宁的过去经历，要用一般过去时”可知，choose的过去式是chose。故填chose。 5．句意：30 岁时，她成为清华大学最年轻的教授之一。根据“one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数的固定结构”可知，young的最高级是youngest，前面加the。故填the youngest。 6．句意：但成为一名女科学家的道路并不容易。根据“前文讲成就、此处表转折”可知，用转折连词But（句首首字母大写）。故填But。 7．句意：颜宁工作非常努力，通常每天工作超过14小时。根据“works”可知，要用usual的副词形式usually修饰。故填usually。 8．句意：颜宁因出色的工作获得了许多奖项。根据“lots of后接可数名词复数”可知，prize的复数是prizes。故填prizes。 9．句意：2023年11月21日，她协助成立了深圳医学科学院。根据“具体日期前用介词”可知，此处填On（句首首字母大写）。故填On。 10．句意：我们希望他们未来能实现自己的梦想！根据“in the future表示将来，要用一般将来时”可知，结构为will+动词原形。故填will make。 Passage 5 （24-25八年级上·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡规定的位置上。 Many of you should hear of the book Tiangong Kaiwu. It is one of the 1 (great) encyclopedias written in the 17th century. But how much do you know about its 2 (intelligence) writer, Song Yingxing? Song was a great scientist. He 3 (bear) in 1587 and had a happy childhood. He and his brother Song Yingsheng went to school together. Song won the 4 (three) place in the provincial Imperial Exam (省级科举考试). Later, they took the national Imperial Exam, but they both failed. Song worked 5 a teacher for many years. Meanwhile, he took part in the national Imperial Exam for another four times. 6 (lucky), he never got success. 7 , he learned about the technologies that were used in different fields on his repeated trips to take the exams. His wide knowledge made him finish writing Tiangong Kaiwu in 8 1630s. The book covers more than 130 technologies, 9 (include) many pictures to help with the understanding of the text. The book became popular soon after it came out. In Song’s final years, he wrote many articles and poems against (反对) the new king. The king was so angry 10 he burned all of Song’s works. But Tiangong Kaiwu had already spread to many other countries. 【答案】1．greatest 2．intelligent 3．was born 4．third 5．as 6．Unluckily 7．However 8．the 9．including 10．that 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了明代科学家宋应星及其著作《天工开物》的相关信息。 【详解】1．句意：它是17世纪编写的最伟大的百科全书之一。此句为“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”“最……的……之一”结构。空处填形容词最高级。great“伟大的”，形容词，最高级为greatest。故填greatest。 2．句意：但你对它聪明的作者宋应星了解多少？空处修饰名词“writer”，需用形容词形式。 intelligence“才智”，名词，形容词为intelligent“聪明的”。故填intelligent。 3．句意：他出生于1587年，有一个快乐的童年。根据“in 1587”可知，此句时态为一般过去时。bear“生育”，动词，与主语“He”是逻辑上的动宾关系，用一般过去时态的被动语态，结构为was/were done。主语为“He”，be动词用was；bear的过去分词为born。故填was born。 4．句意：宋应星在省级科举考试中获得了第三名。“place”前需用序数词表示名次。three“三”，基数词，序数词为third“第三”。故填third。 5．句意：宋应星担任教师多年。根据“ a teacher”可知，此处指担任教师一职。work as“担任……，以……身份而工作”。故填as。 6．句意：不幸的是，他从未成功。空处修饰整个句子，需用副词形式。且根据“he never got success.”可知，参加四次科考，一次都没成功是不幸的。lucky“幸运的”，形容词，unluckily“不幸地”，副词，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Unluckily。 7．句意：然而，在他多次参加考试的旅途中，他了解了不同领域使用的技术。空处修饰句子，填副词。前后句为转折关系，虽然没有成功，但是了解了各种技术。需用表示转折关系的副词however“然而”，位于句首，首字母大写。故填However。 8．句意：他的广博知识使他在17世纪30年代完成了《天工开物》。“1630s”表示“17世纪30年代”，需加定冠词the。故填the。 9．句意：这本书涵盖了130多项技术，包括许多帮助理解文本的图片。空处填现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示附加说明。include“包括”，动词，现在分词为including。故填including。 10．句意：国王是如此的生气，以至于他烧毁了宋应星的所有作品。根据“The king was so angry”可知，国王生气的结果是烧了宋应星的作品，用so…that…引导结果状语从句。故填that。 Passage 6 （25-26八年级上·重庆沙坪坝·期中）阅读下文并回答问题。 This year is special for China’s world of math. It’s all because of one great woman—Wang Hong. Wang was born in 1991 in Guilin. Her parents were both middle school teachers. She showed an unusual talent for math at an early age. When she was just five years old, she already finished first-grade math and went straight to second grade. Some people think talent makes life easy. But Wang’s path was far from smooth. In middle school, her grades were not good at first—she was not in the top 100. But she didn’t give up. She worked very hard, and later became one of the top ten students in her grade. At the age of sixteen, she entered Peking University and learned more about math. In 2011, Wang went to France to study. “I felt a little lost at that time,” the girl said. “I gave up on math and studied architecture (建筑学) for six months. Then I remembered how hard I had learned math before. I only doubted myself because my classmates were all very smart.” Wang became confident again and returned to math. She studied even harder and got her PhD (博士学位) at MIT (美国麻省理工学院). This past February, Wang did something really amazing. She solved a century-old math problem—the Kakeya conjecture. Mathematicians (数学家) all over the world were so surprised and excited! Now, Wang is a professor at two great universities. With all her good qualities, Wang Hong is living a future even bigger than her dreams. When a reporter asked Wang Hong to share some advice with junior high school students struggling (费力地) with math, she smiled and replied gently, “__________________________________.” 1．Were Wang Hong’s grades in the top 100 at first in the middle school? 2．Why is Wang Hong’s story special for China’s math world this year? 3．What makes Wang Hong successful in the field of math? 4．What advice may Wang Hong give to junior high school students? Fill in the blank in the end. (at least two pieces of advice) 【答案】1．No./ No, they weren’t. 2．Because she solved a century-old math problem (—the Kakeya conjecture). 3．Talent, hard work/diligence, passion/interest and never-give-up spirit. 4．Possible version: keep working hard and never give up,because they help overcome difficulties and turn talent into achievement. Practice simple exercises step by step /Find small fun points by connecting it to real life. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了中国数学界杰出女性王虹的非凡经历，她自幼展现数学天赋，虽求学之路坎坷但坚持不懈，最终解决百年数学难题Kakeya猜想，成为两所名校教授，实现了超越梦想的未来。 【详解】1．根据“In middle school, her grades were not good at first—she was not in the top 100.”可知，王虹中学一开始的成绩不是前100名。故填No./No, they weren’t. 2．根据“This past February, Wang did something really amazing. She solved a century-old math problem—the Kakeya conjecture.”可知，王虹的故事对中国数学界来说很特别是因为她解决了一个有百年历史的数学问题(——Kakeya猜想)。故填Because she solved a century-old math problem (—the Kakeya conjecture). 3．根据“She showed an unusual talent for math at an early age.”及“But she didn’t give up. She worked very hard”可知，王虹在小时候就展现出了惊人的数学天赋，且当遇到挫折时王虹并没有放弃，反而更加努力。即天赋，勤奋努力，激情兴趣和永不放弃的精神使王虹在数学领域取得成功。故填Talent, hard work/diligence, passion/interest and never-give-up spirit. 4．根据文中内容可知，结合王虹在小时候就展现出了惊人的数学天赋，且当遇到挫折时王虹并没有放弃，反而更加努力可知，王虹对初中生的建议可表达为“继续努力，永不放弃，因为它们帮助克服困难，把天赋转化为成就。一步一步地练习简单的练习，通过将其与现实生活联系起来找到小的乐趣点。故填Possible version: keep working hard and never give up,because they help overcome difficulties and turn talent into achievement. Practice simple excercises step by step/Find small fun points by connecting it to real life. Passage 7 （25-26八年级上·辽宁沈阳·期中）阅读短文，然后根据内容回答问题。 Deng Jiaxian was a great Chinese scientist and a key founder of China’s nuclear weapon (核武器) project. He was born in 1924 and did very well in school when he was young. Later, he studied abroad and made great progress in physics. But as soon as New China was set up, he gave up his comfortable life overseas and came back. In 1958, Deng Jiaxian got an important secret task: to develop China’s first atomic bomb (原子弹) and hydrogen bomb (氢弹). From that day on, he “disappeared” from his family and friends. For 28 years, he worked in the faraway Gobi Desert (戈壁沙漠). The environment there was very hard—it was extremely hot in summer and freezing cold in winter. He led his team to do experiments day and night, and they faced many difficulties and dangers. In 1964, China’s first atomic bomb exploded (爆炸) successfully with a big bang. Later, the hydrogen bomb test also succeeded. These achievements made China much stronger and safer. During 45 nuclear tests, Deng Jiaxian went to the test area 32 times, and he led 15 of those tests. Once, after a test failed, he ran into the radiation (辐射) area to pick up broken pieces. This hurt his health very badly. Deng Jiaxian died in 1986. He never told others about his achievements, but people call him “the Backbone (栋梁) of China”. He spent his whole life keeping his promise to serve the country. 1．When did Deng Jiaxian get the important secret task? 2．How long did Deng Jiaxian work in the Gobi Desert? 3．Why was the environment of the Gobi Desert so hard? 4．What can we learn from Deng Jiaxian? Write 30 words or more. 【答案】1．In 1958. 2．For 28 years. 3．Because it was extremely hot in summer and freezing cold in winter. 4．开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案为：We can learn Deng Jiaxian’s spirit of devotion to the country, courage in facing difficulties, and selflessness. He gave up a comfortable life to contribute to national security, setting a great example for us. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国伟大科学家邓稼先的生平事迹，包括他回国参与核武器研发、在戈壁沙漠的艰苦工作以及为国家做出的卓越贡献。 【详解】1．根据文章第2段“In 1958, Deng Jiaxian got an important secret task: to develop China’s first atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb.”可知，邓稼先在1958年接到重要秘密任务。故填In 1958. 2．根据文章第2段“For 28 years, he worked in the faraway Gobi Desert.”可知，邓稼先在戈壁沙漠工作了28年。故填For 28 years. 3．根据文章第2段“The environment there was very hard—it was extremely hot in summer and freezing cold in winter.”可知，戈壁沙漠环境恶劣是因为夏天极热，冬天极冷。故填Because it was extremely hot in summer and freezing cold in winter. 4．结合文章内容，邓稼先为国家奉献一生，勇于克服困难，无私奉献。我们可以学习他的爱国奉献、不畏艰难和无私精神，他放弃舒适生活为国家安全做贡献，为我们树立了榜样。开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案为：We can learn Deng Jiaxian’s spirit of devotion to the country, courage in facing difficulties, and selflessness. He gave up a comfortable life to contribute to national security, setting a great example for us. Passage 8 （24-25八年级下·重庆渝中·期中）阅读下文并回答问题。 Life is full of challenges. The amazing Chinese people are always doing great things. Let’s meet three of these amazing people: Yang Yu-an animation (动画) director, Liang Wenfeng—an AI creator, and Li Ziqi—a cultural storyteller. Yang Yu: From a Medical Student to a Movie MakerYang Yu made the popular movie Ne Zha. While studying to be a doctor, he secretly learned animation. After school, he stayed home for three years without a job. His mother’s small savings supported him while he practiced drawing. Many people doubted (怀疑) him, but he kept working. Like the brave Ne Zha in his movie, he showed that success g goes to those who keep going. As he says, “True bravery (勇敢) means not letting others decide who you are.” Let his story guide us forward! Liang Wenfeng: Building China’s AI FutureLiang Wenfeng and his team at DeepSeek became world leaders in AI technology in just two years because they truly loved what they were doing. They didn’t study abroad but showed Chinese talents can do amazing things. Their work encourages young people to believe in themselves during the AI age. His story teaches us, “Keep trying, even if your path looks different! And we can turn those doubts into our strength.” Li Ziqi: Sharing China’s TraditionsLi Ziqi makes beautiful videos about countryside life. After taking a three-year break, she returned with a video about traditional lacquer art (漆艺). She receives many opinions questioning her, but she doesn’t listen to them. No matter what difficulties she faces, she continues working to remind us that keeping traditions alive is important. Even though she’s famous now, she stays true to her love for Chinese culture. 1．Did Liang Wenfeng and his team study abroad? 2．How long did Li Ziqi take a rest before she made a video about traditional lacquer art? 3．What makes these three people successful according to the passage? 4．Do you agree with the underlined sentence in the passage? Why or why not? (About 30 words) 【答案】1．No, they didn’t. 2．For three years. 3．Keeping going, loving what they do and not giving up. 4．Yes, I do. Because everyone has unique value and shouldn’t be limited by others’ opinions.Believing in oneself and pursuing goals despite others’ opinions is crucial for success. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了三位了不起的中国人——动画导演杨宇、AI创造者梁文锋和文化讲述者李子柒，他们分别从医学生转型为电影人、带领团队在AI领域领先、分享中国传统文化，凭借坚持与热爱取得成功并激励他人。 【详解】1．根据“Liang Wenfeng and his team at DeepSeek...They didn’t study abroad...”可知，梁文峰和他的团队没有出国留学。故填No, they didn’t. 2．根据“After taking a three - year break, she returned with a video about traditional lacquer art”可知，李子柒在制作关于传统漆艺的视频前休息了三年。故填For three years. 3．根据“Like the brave Ne Zha in his movie, he showed that success goes to those who keep going.”“They truly loved what they were doing.”“No matter what difficulties she faces, she continues working”可知，是坚持、热爱和不放弃让这三个人成功。故填Keeping going, loving what they do and not giving up. 4．开放性试题，答案合理即可。根据“True bravery means not letting others decide who you are.”可知，真正的勇敢意味着不让别人定义你是谁。我同意。因为每个人都有自己独特价值，不应被他人看法束缚。相信自己，不顾别人的意见追求目标是成功的关键。故填Yes, I do. Because everyone has unique value and shouldn’t be limited by others’ opinions. Believing in oneself and pursuing goals despite others’ opinions is crucial for success. ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $