Unit 2 Safety 情态动词must、mustn't、have to、don't have to和不定代词（核心语法精练）英语新教材北师大版八年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦情态动词与不定代词，以“规则-错误-应用”三维体系构建训练，知识逻辑从概念定义到语境综合运用，方法提炼针对性强，助力语言能力与思维品质提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|表格梳理|定义+构成规则+常见错误归纳|从基础概念到易错点辨析| |考点夯基|填空6题/单选12题/完成句子8题/句型转换6题|词形变化/词义辨析/句式转换技巧|单一考点到多维度应用| |综合提升|语法选择8题/短文填空8题|语境中语法综合运用|碎片化知识到语篇整合|

Unit 2 Safety 核心语法精练 （must mustn't have to don't have to should shouldn't 和不定代词） 目录 二、考点夯基 2 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 2 二、单项选择 4 三、完成句子 7 四、句型转换 8 一、语法选择 9 二、短文填空 11 类别 情态动词must / mustn't / have to / don't have to / should / shouldn't 不定代词(some‑/any‑/no‑/every‑ + thing/one/body) 定义 must表示主观必须；mustn't表禁止；have to客观不得不；don't have to不必；should应该；shouldn't不应该，后接动词原形 由some/any/no/every加上thing/one/body构成，指代人或物，作主语时谓语动词用单数 构成规则 1. 全部情态动词后只能接动词原形，不加to，没有人称和数变化；have to有人称时态变化：has to / had to 2. must否定表禁止用mustn’t； 表“不必”要用don’t/doesn’t have to 例：You must follow the rules.You mustn’t run in the hall.You don’t have to finish it today.You should be polite. 1. some‑类多用于肯定句；any‑类多用于否定、疑问句；no‑表否定含义；every‑表每一个 2.修饰不定代词的形容词要放在不定代词后面例：Something important；Is there anybody at home?Nobody knows the answer. 常用用法 1. must：主观义务、命令 “必须” 例：You must keep quiet in the library. 2. mustn’t：严禁、不准 例：You mustn’t smoke here. 3. have to：客观条件导致“不得不” 例：He has to get up early because his home is far. 4. don’t have to＝needn’t，不必，没有义务例：You don’t have to wear uniforms on weekends. 5. should / shouldn’t：提出建议 例：You should drink more water.You shouldn’t stay up late. 1.作主语：Everything is OK. 一切顺利。2.作宾语：I can’t find anything strange. 3.some‑可用于表请求建议的疑问句：Would you like something to drink? 4.no‑代词本身带否定，句子不再加not：× Nobody didn’t come；√ Nobody came. 常见错误 1. must表“不必”误用mustn’t（× You mustn’t go. 不必走；√ You don’t have to go.） 2.情态动词后加to或者动词ing（× You must to go；√ You must go）3.混淆must（主观）与have to（客观） 1.形容词位置放错（× important something；√ something important） 2.不定代词作主语谓语用复数(× Everything are ready；√ Everything is ready) 3.否定句误用something(× I don’t know something；√ I don’t know anything) 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1.You ________ (must) take photos here. It’s against the rule. 【答案】mustn't 【解析】根据“违反规定”可知表示禁止，must的否定禁止形式为mustn't。 2.You ________ (have to) wear school uniforms tomorrow. It is not a school day. 【答案】don’t have to 【解析】根据“不是上学日”，表示客观上不必，用don’t have to。 3.Everyone should do ________ (something) to help people in need. 【答案】something 【解析】肯定句，用不定代词something，表示某些事。 4.There isn’t ________ (somebody) in the classroom now. 【答案】anybody 【解析】否定句中some‑类不定代词要改为any‑类，somebody变为anybody。 5.You ________ (should) watch too much TV. It is bad for your eyes. 【答案】shouldn’t 【解析】根据“对眼睛有害”，表示不应该，should否定形式shouldn’t。 6.Listen! ________ (everything) is quiet in the street after midnight. 【答案】Everything 【解析】本句表达午夜之后街上一切都很安静，不定代词everything作主语，谓语用单数。 二、单项选择 1．You ________ talk loudly in the hospital. It’s impolite. A．must B．mustn’t C．have to D．should 【答案】B 【解析】句意：你不许在医院大声说话，这是不礼貌的。mustn’t表示禁止、不准，结合语境选B。 2．I ________ get up early because I will take an early bus. A．mustn’t B．shouldn’t C．have to D．don’t have to 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我不得不早起，因为我要赶早班车。此处是客观情况迫使，have to表示“不得不”，故选C。 3．—Must I clean the room right now? —No, you ________. You can do it later. A．mustn’t B．don’t have to C．shouldn’t D．can’t 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我必须现在打扫房间吗？——不，你不必。你可以稍后做。must一般疑问句否定回答用don’t have to，表示不必，故选B。 4．There is ________ wrong with my watch, it doesn’t work. A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我的手表出了点问题，它不走了。肯定句用something，something wrong表示出故障，故选A。 5．—Is ________ in the playground now? —No, all students have gone back home. A．someone B．anyone C．everyone D．no one 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——现在操场上有人吗？——没有，所有学生都已经回家了。疑问句中用anyone，故选B。 6．You ________ eat too much junk food. It’s bad for your health. A．should B．shouldn’t C．must D．have to 【答案】B 【解析】句意：你不应该吃太多垃圾食品，这对你健康有害。shouldn’t用于给出否定建议，故选B。 7．________ is ready for the school trip. We can leave now. A．Something B．Anything C．Everything D．Nothing 【答案】C 【解析】句意：学校旅行的一切都准备好了，我们现在可以出发。everything表示一切事物，故选C。 8．You ________ be quiet when others are speaking. It’s good manners. A．mustn’t B．must C．don’t have to D．shouldn’t 【答案】B 【解析】句意：当别人讲话的时候你必须保持安静，这是良好的礼仪。must表示主观上必须、应当遵守，故选B。 9.—Do you have ________ important to tell me? —No, nothing special. A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你有什么重要的事情要告诉我吗？——没有，没有特别的事。疑问句使用anything，形容词修饰不定代词后置，故选B。 10.You ________ pay for the book. It’s free for students. A．must B．have to C．don’t have to D．mustn’t 【答案】C 【解析】句意：你不必为这本书付钱，对学生它是免费的。don’t have to表示客观不必，故选C。 11.Nobody ________ late for the morning meeting. A．is B．are C．be D．were 【答案】A 【解析】句意：没有人晨会迟到。不定代词nobody作主语，谓语动词使用单数is，故选A。 12.You ________ help your parents with housework. It is good for you. A．should B．shouldn’t C．mustn’t D．have to 【答案】A 【解析】句意：你应该帮父母做家务，这对你有益。should用来提出正向建议，故选A。 三、完成句子 1.在图书馆里你必须保持安静。 You ________ ________ quiet in the library. 【答案】must keep 【详解】must表示必须，情态动词后接动词原形keep，keep quiet表示保持安静。 2.你不准在马路上玩耍。 You ________ ________ on the road. 【答案】mustn’t play 【详解】mustn’t表示禁止，后接动词原形play，意为不准玩耍。 3.你不必买这本词典，我有一本。 You ________ ________ ________ buy this dictionary. I have one. 【答案】don’t have to 【详解】don’t have to 表示客观不必，后面接动词原形。 4.你不应该熬夜到太晚。 You ________ ________ up too late. 【答案】shouldn’t stay 【详解】shouldn’t表示不应该，后接动词原形；stay up 固定短语熬夜。 5.今天报纸上有什么有趣的东西吗？ Is there ________ ________ in today’s newspaper? 【答案】anything interesting 【详解】疑问句用不定代词anything；形容词修饰不定代词放在后面，interesting意为有趣的。 6.房间里没有什么新东西。 There is ________ ________ in the room. 【答案】nothing new 【详解】nothing表示没有什么；形容词new置于不定代词后面。 7.每个人都应该遵守学校的规章制度。 ________ ________ follow the school rules. 【答案】Everyone should 【详解】everyone不定代词作主语；should应该，情态动词后接动词原形。 8.有什么重要的事我要告诉你。 I have ________ ________ to tell you. 【答案】something important 【详解】肯定句用something；形容词important修饰不定代词后置。 四、句型转换 1.You must finish your homework before dinner.（改为否定句，表禁止） You ________ ________ your homework before dinner. 【答案】mustn’t finish 【详解】must表示必须，变为禁止含义否定用mustn’t，后接动词原形finish。 2.You have to get there at seven o’clock.（改为否定句） You ________ ________ ________ get there at seven o’clock. 【答案】don’t have to 【详解】have to有人称变化，一般现在时主语you，否定借助don’t，don’t have to表示不必。 3.You should drink more hot water.（改为否定句） You ________ ________ more hot water. 【答案】shouldn’t drink 【详解】情态动词should直接加not缩写shouldn’t，后接动词原形drink。 4.There is something wrong with my bike.（改为一般疑问句） ________ there ________ wrong with your bike? 【答案】Is；anything 【详解】there be句型变一般疑问句be动词提前；肯定句something改为疑问句anything。 5.Everybody knows the good news.（改为否定句） ________ knows the good news. 【答案】Nobody 【详解】everybody所有人；表达“没有人”使用不定代词nobody，本身自带否定含义。 6.You must wear sports shoes for PE class.（用should改写同义句） You ________ ________ sports shoes for PE class. 【答案】should wear 【详解】must表示必须；should表示应当，should后接动词原形wear。 1、 语法选择 通读短文，掌握大意，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Our school makes many rules for us students. We 1.____ keep quiet in the reading‑room and we 2.____ eat or drink books there. We 3.____ wear school uniforms from Monday to Friday, it is one of our school rules. But on weekends we 4.____ wear them. The teacher says we 5.____ take good care of our books and desks. 6.____ is allowed to draw on the wall. When you meet problems at school, 7.____ can give you some useful advice. You 8.____ talk with your teachers or your best friends. They will help you solve your trouble. 1.A.should B.must C.shouldn’t D.don’t have to 2.A.must B.should C.mustn’t D.have to 3.A.have to B.has to C.don’t have to D.shouldn’t 4.A.must B.mustn’t C.don’t have to D.should 5.A.shouldn’t B.should C.mustn’t D.don’t have to 6.A.Everybody B.Somebody C.Anybody D.Nobody 7.A.someone B.anything C.everything D.nothing 8.A.mustn’t B.should C.have to D.don’t have to 【答案】 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.B 【文章大意】短文介绍学校的各项规章制度。学生在阅览室必须保持安静，禁止吃喝物品；周一到周五必须穿校服，周末不必穿。大家应当爱护桌椅书本，不允许任何人在墙上乱涂乱画。遇到问题时可以找人求助，建议和老师朋友沟通解决烦恼。 【解析】 1.must表示规章制度上的“必须”，在阅览室必须保持安静，故选B。 2.mustn’t表示禁止，严禁在阅览室吃喝，故选C。 3.have to客观上受校规约束“不得不”，主语we用have to，故选A。 4.don’t have to不必，周末客观不需要穿校服，故选C。 5.should表示建议、应当，我们应当爱护书和课桌，故选B。 6.nobody没有人，表达“没有人可以在墙上乱画”，故选D。 7.someone某人，当在校遇到困难，会有人可以给你有用建议，故选A。 8.should用于提出建议，你应该和老师好友交谈，故选B。 二、短文填空（语法填空） 阅读短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，每空一词。 When we stay in public places, there are many rules for us. You 1.____ (must) smoke in the theatre, it is strictly forbidden. You 2.____ (should) be polite to people around you. If you feel tired, you 3.____ (have to) stand; you can sit on the free seat. 4.____ (something) is dangerous if you break public rules. Is there 5.____ (somebody) who can tell us more public manners? 6.____ (everyone) is supposed to learn these basic rules. We 7.____ (shouldn’t) laugh loudly in quiet areas and we 8.____ (must) follow public rules to make our society better. 【答案】 1.mustn’t 2.should 3.don’t have to 4.Everything 5.anybody 6.Everyone 7.shouldn’t 8.must 【文章大意】短文讲述公共场所的礼仪规则。剧院内严禁吸烟，应当礼貌待人；感到疲惫时不必一直站着，可以坐在空位。违反公共规则时每件事都可能存在风险，每个人都应该学习基础公共礼仪，不能在安静区域大声喧哗，我们必须遵守公共规则，让社会变得更美好。 【解析】 1.根据后文strictly forbidden严禁，must变为表禁止的mustn’t。 2.should表示应当，在公共场所应当礼貌对待周围的人。 3.根据后文you can sit on the free seat，可知你不必站着，主语you，用don’t have to。 4.everything不定代词，意为一切事物；作句子主语，谓语动词使用单数。 5.本句为一般疑问句，somebody改为anybody。 6.everyone不定代词，每个人；在句中作主语，首字母大写。 7.shouldn’t不应该，不可以在安静区域大声大笑。 8.must表示义务，我们必须遵守公共规则。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Safety 核心语法精练 （must mustn't have to don't have to should shouldn't 和不定代词） 目录 二、考点夯基 2 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 2 二、单项选择 4 三、完成句子 7 四、句型转换 8 一、语法选择 9 二、短文填空 11 类别 情态动词must / mustn't / have to / don't have to / should / shouldn't 不定代词(some‑/any‑/no‑/every‑ + thing/one/body) 定义 must表示主观必须；mustn't表禁止；have to客观不得不；don't have to不必；should应该；shouldn't不应该，后接动词原形 由some/any/no/every加上thing/one/body构成，指代人或物，作主语时谓语动词用单数 构成规则 1. 全部情态动词后只能接动词原形，不加to，没有人称和数变化；have to有人称时态变化：has to / had to 2. must否定表禁止用mustn’t； 表“不必”要用don’t/doesn’t have to 例：You must follow the rules.You mustn’t run in the hall.You don’t have to finish it today.You should be polite. 1. some‑类多用于肯定句；any‑类多用于否定、疑问句；no‑表否定含义；every‑表每一个 2.修饰不定代词的形容词要放在不定代词后面例：Something important；Is there anybody at home?Nobody knows the answer. 常用用法 1. must：主观义务、命令 “必须” 例：You must keep quiet in the library. 2. mustn’t：严禁、不准 例：You mustn’t smoke here. 3. have to：客观条件导致“不得不” 例：He has to get up early because his home is far. 4. don’t have to＝needn’t，不必，没有义务例：You don’t have to wear uniforms on weekends. 5. should / shouldn’t：提出建议 例：You should drink more water.You shouldn’t stay up late. 1.作主语：Everything is OK. 一切顺利。2.作宾语：I can’t find anything strange. 3.some‑可用于表请求建议的疑问句：Would you like something to drink? 4.no‑代词本身带否定，句子不再加not：× Nobody didn’t come；√ Nobody came. 常见错误 1. must表“不必”误用mustn’t（× You mustn’t go. 不必走；√ You don’t have to go.） 2.情态动词后加to或者动词ing（× You must to go；√ You must go）3.混淆must（主观）与have to（客观） 1.形容词位置放错（× important something；√ something important） 2.不定代词作主语谓语用复数(× Everything are ready；√ Everything is ready) 3.否定句误用something(× I don’t know something；√ I don’t know anything) 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1.You ________ (must) take photos here. It’s against the rule. 2.You ________ (have to) wear school uniforms tomorrow. It is not a school day. 3.Everyone should do ________ (something) to help people in need. 4.There isn’t ________ (somebody) in the classroom now. 5.You ________ (should) watch too much TV. It is bad for your eyes. 6.Listen! ________ (everything) is quiet in the street after midnight. 二、单项选择 1．You ________ talk loudly in the hospital. It’s impolite. A．must B．mustn’t C．have to D．should 2．I ________ get up early because I will take an early bus. A．mustn’t B．shouldn’t C．have to D．don’t have to 3．—Must I clean the room right now? —No, you ________. You can do it later. A．mustn’t B．don’t have to C．shouldn’t D．can’t 4．There is ________ wrong with my watch, it doesn’t work. A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 5．—Is ________ in the playground now? —No, all students have gone back home. A．someone B．anyone C．everyone D．no one 6．You ________ eat too much junk food. It’s bad for your health. A．should B．shouldn’t C．must D．have to 7．________ is ready for the school trip. We can leave now. A．Something B．Anything C．Everything D．Nothing 8．You ________ be quiet when others are speaking. It’s good manners. A．mustn’t B．must C．don’t have to D．shouldn’t 9.—Do you have ________ important to tell me? —No, nothing special. A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 10.You ________ pay for the book. It’s free for students. A．must B．have to C．don’t have to D．mustn’t 11.Nobody ________ late for the morning meeting. A．is B．are C．be D．were 12.You ________ help your parents with housework. It is good for you. A．should B．shouldn’t C．mustn’t D．have to 三、完成句子 1.在图书馆里你必须保持安静。 You ________ ________ quiet in the library. 2.你不准在马路上玩耍。 You ________ ________ on the road. 3.你不必买这本词典，我有一本。 You ________ ________ ________ buy this dictionary. I have one. 4.你不应该熬夜到太晚。 You ________ ________ up too late. 5.今天报纸上有什么有趣的东西吗？ Is there ________ ________ in today’s newspaper? 6.房间里没有什么新东西。 There is ________ ________ in the room. 7.每个人都应该遵守学校的规章制度。 ________ ________ follow the school rules. 8.有什么重要的事我要告诉你。 I have ________ ________ to tell you. 四、句型转换 1.You must finish your homework before dinner.（改为否定句，表禁止） You ________ ________ your homework before dinner. 2.You have to get there at seven o’clock.（改为否定句） You ________ ________ ________ get there at seven o’clock. 3.You should drink more hot water.（改为否定句） You ________ ________ more hot water. 4.There is something wrong with my bike.（改为一般疑问句） ________ there ________ wrong with your bike? 5.Everybody knows the good news.（改为否定句） ________ knows the good news. 6.You must wear sports shoes for PE class.（用should改写同义句） You ________ ________ sports shoes for PE class. 1、 语法选择 通读短文，掌握大意，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Our school makes many rules for us students. We 1.____ keep quiet in the reading‑room and we 2.____ eat or drink books there. We 3.____ wear school uniforms from Monday to Friday, it is one of our school rules. But on weekends we 4.____ wear them. The teacher says we 5.____ take good care of our books and desks. 6.____ is allowed to draw on the wall. When you meet problems at school, 7.____ can give you some useful advice. You 8.____ talk with your teachers or your best friends. They will help you solve your trouble. 1.A.should B.must C.shouldn’t D.don’t have to 2.A.must B.should C.mustn’t D.have to 3.A.have to B.has to C.don’t have to D.shouldn’t 4.A.must B.mustn’t C.don’t have to D.should 5.A.shouldn’t B.should C.mustn’t D.don’t have to 6.A.Everybody B.Somebody C.Anybody D.Nobody 7.A.someone B.anything C.everything D.nothing 8.A.mustn’t B.should C.have to D.don’t have to 二、短文填空（语法填空） 阅读短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，每空一词。 When we stay in public places, there are many rules for us. You 1.____ (must) smoke in the theatre, it is strictly forbidden. You 2.____ (should) be polite to people around you. If you feel tired, you 3.____ (have to) stand; you can sit on the free seat. 4.____ (something) is dangerous if you break public rules. Is there 5.____ (somebody) who can tell us more public manners? 6.____ (everyone) is supposed to learn these basic rules. We 7.____ (shouldn’t) laugh loudly in quiet areas and we 8.____ (must) follow public rules to make our society better. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $