Unit 1 Friendship 讲义 2026-2027学年沪教版英语七年级上册

本讲义围绕“Friendship”主题，系统梳理描述朋友品质的形容词、Wh-疑问句语法及核心短语，通过阅读陈明的帖子和《夏洛的网》节选，构建“词汇-语法-语篇-技能”学习支架，培养学生描述朋友、表达友谊观点的综合语言能力。 资料设计分板块分层练习与跨学科项目，以《夏洛的网》提升文化意识，写作模板和口语活动强化语言能力，易错点提醒和综合练习助力学生查漏补缺。课中辅助教师分层教学，课后帮助自主巩固，体现思维品质与学习能力的培养。

沪教牛津版（广州·2024新版）七年级英语上册 Unit 1 Friendship 讲义 （2024 新版教材 · 含分板块分层练习与单元综合练习） 一、单元概述 ■ 单元主题：Friendship（友谊）——围绕关键问题 "What makes a strong friendship?"，通过阅读、听力、语法、写作与项目活动，学习描述朋友的外貌、爱好与品质，表达对友谊的理解。 ■ 关键问题（Key question）：What makes a strong friendship?（是什么造就稳固的友谊？） ■ 单元目标（I can）：① 谈论我和新朋友喜欢做的事；② 描述朋友的个人品质；③ 表达对"什么是真正的朋友"的看法；④ 理解是什么造就稳固的友谊。 ■ Reading 语篇：New school, new friends（陈明写的一篇关于新朋友李华的帖子） ■ 核心语法：Wh-疑问句（Wh-questions：what / who / where / when / why / how + be 动词或 do / does） ■ 板块结构：Section 1 体验与理解语言（阅读+听力）｜Section 2 探索与运用规则（语法+语音+口语）｜Section 3 表达与交流观点（写作）｜Section 4 拓展与提升能力（文化+跨学科+项目） ■ Focus on culture：Charlotte's Web（E. B. White《夏洛的网》节选，关于威尔伯和蜘蛛夏洛的友谊） ■ Project：Making a presentation on friends and friendship（制作关于朋友与友谊的展示） 二、核心词汇 （一）单词表（Words and expressions） 序号 单词 音标 词性 中文释义 1 guitar /ɡɪˈtɑː(r)/ n. 吉他 2 honest /ˈɒnɪst/ adj. 诚实的 3 patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ adj. 有耐心的 4 improve /ɪmˈpruːv/ v. 改进；改善 5 confident /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ adj. 自信的；有自信心的 6 courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ n. 勇气；胆量 7 friendship /ˈfrendʃɪp/ n. 友谊；朋友关系 8 admiration /ˌædməˈreɪʃn/ n. 钦佩；赞赏 9 respect /rɪˈspekt/ n. 尊敬；尊重 10 support /səˈpɔːt/ n. 支持；鼓励 11 trust /trʌst/ n. 信任；信赖 12 survey /ˈsɜːveɪ/ n. 调查 13 personal /ˈpɜːsənl/ adj. 个性的 14 quality /ˈkwɒləti/ n. 品质；品德 15 caring /ˈkeərɪŋ/ adj. 关心他人的；体贴人的 16 describe /dɪˈskraɪb/ v. 描述；形容 17 appearance /əˈpɪərəns/ n. 外貌 18 straight /streɪt/ adj. 直的 19 dark /dɑːk/ adj. 褐色的；乌黑的 20 same /seɪm/ adj. 同一的；相同的 21 basic /ˈbeɪsɪk/ adj. 基本的；基础的 22 thought /θɔːt/ n. 想法 23 however /haʊˈevə(r)/ adv. 然而；不过 24 glad /ɡlæd/ adj. 高兴的；愉快的 25 rise /raɪz/ v. 上升 26 end /end/ n. 结局 27 heart /hɑːt/ n. 心 （二）描述朋友品质的常用形容词（单元补充） 下列形容词在单元听说活动中反复出现，是描述朋友的核心词，需重点掌握： 形容词 释义 形容词 释义 friendly 友好的 hard-working 勤奋的；工作努力的 helpful 乐于助人的 honest 诚实的 patient 有耐心的 kind 善良的 understanding 善解人意的 caring 关心他人的；体贴的 polite 有礼貌的 funny 有趣的；滑稽的 supportive 支持的 confident 自信的 【词汇练习一】根据中文提示写出英文单词（基础巩固） 题型：单词拼写｜考查：本单元核心词汇记忆｜难度：★ 要求：根据中文提示，写出单词表中的核心词汇（第 1~14 个写在左栏，第 15~27 个写在右栏）。 第 1~14 个 第 15~27 个 1. 吉他　________________ 15. 关心他人的；体贴人的　________________ 2. 诚实的　________________ 16. 描述；形容　________________ 3. 有耐心的　________________ 17. 外貌　________________ 4. 改进；改善　________________ 18. 直的　________________ 5. 自信的；有自信心的　________________ 19. 褐色的；乌黑的　________________ 6. 勇气；胆量　________________ 20. 同一的；相同的　________________ 7. 友谊；朋友关系　________________ 21. 基本的；基础的　________________ 8. 钦佩；赞赏　________________ 22. 想法　________________ 9. 尊敬；尊重　________________ 23. 然而；不过　________________ 10. 支持；鼓励　________________ 24. 高兴的；愉快的　________________ 11. 信任；信赖　________________ 25. 上升　________________ 12. 调查　________________ 26. 结局　________________ 13. 个性的　________________ 27. 心　________________ 14. 品质；品德　________________ （三）重点词性转换与构词 原词 派生词 / 构词 friend (n. 朋友) friendly (adj. 友好的) → friendship (n. 友谊) honest (adj. 诚实的) honesty (n. 诚实) patient (adj. 有耐心的) patience (n. 耐心) confident (adj. 自信的) confidence (n. 自信) care (v./n. 关心；照顾) caring (adj. 关心他人的) → careful (adj. 小心的) improve (v. 改进) improvement (n. 改进；改善) support (n./v. 支持) supportive (adj. 支持的) admire (v. 钦佩) admiration (n. 钦佩；赞赏) describe (v. 描述) description (n. 描述) appear (v. 出现；显得) appearance (n. 外貌) think (v. 思考) thought (n. 想法) → thinker (n. 思考者) help (v./n. 帮助) helpful (adj. 乐于助人的) → helpless (adj. 无助的) person (n. 人) personal (adj. 个性的) play (v. 玩) → player (n. 运动员/玩家) sing (v. 唱歌) → singer (n. 歌手) 〔名词后缀 -er〕 【词汇练习二】用所给词的适当形式填空（基础巩固） 题型：词性转换｜考查：核心词汇的派生形式｜难度：★ 1. Li Hua is a ________ (help) and ________ (patience) friend. 2. With his help, Chen Ming becomes more ________ (confidence). 3. My ________ (friend) with Li Hua teaches me a lot. 4. We should show ________ (respect) and ________ (admire) for our friends. 5. She is ________ (care) and always there when I need help. 6. His maths has ________ (improve) a lot this term. 7. Please ________ (description) your new friend in a few words. 8. A ________ (sing) needs a good voice and practice. 9. What is your ________ (think) about true friendship? 10. My parents are very ________ (support) of my hobbies. 【词汇练习三】单词释义搭配（从 A~J 中选出与各词义相符的单词）（能力提升） 题型：英文释义配对｜考查：核心词汇理解｜难度：★★ 词库：A. honest B. patient C. courage D. trust E. friendship F. improve G. confident H. support I. respect J. describe 1. ________ to believe that someone is good and will not harm you 2. ________ the feeling of liking someone and enjoying their company 3. ________ feeling sure about yourself and your abilities 4. ________ able to wait calmly without getting angry 5. ________ telling the truth; not lying 6. ________ to make something better 7. ________ help or encouragement given to someone 8. ________ to tell what someone or something is like 9. ________ a feeling of deep admiration for someone 10. ________ the bravery to do something difficult 【词汇练习四】语篇选词填空（从方框中选词，每词限用一次）（综合运用） 题型：语篇选词｜考查：词汇在语境中的综合运用｜难度：★★★ honest patient improve confident friendship support trust respect courage caring Chen Ming has a new friend, Li Hua. Li Hua is ___1___ and always listens when Chen Ming has problems. Because of Li Hua, Chen Ming feels more ___2___ and has the ___3___ to try new things. Their ___4___ is built on love and ___5___ — they know they can ___6___ each other. Good friends also ___7___ each other's differences. A ___8___ friend will not laugh at you; instead, he or she gives you ___9___ when you are sad. We should ___10___ such friends, because true friendship is a precious gift. 三、重点短语 短语 释义 be good at 擅长…… turn to somebody for help 求助于某人 after school 放学后 be willing to do something 愿意做某事 thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为 count on 依靠（某人做某事） medium height 中等身高 modern dance 现代舞 take care of 照顾；照料 watch over 照管；监督 rise into 上升到 cry out 大叫；叫喊 cry oneself to sleep 哭着入睡 wake up 醒；醒来 come and go 来去 take somebody's place 替代某人 come along 出现 【短语练习一】用适当的短语填空（每个短语限用一次）（基础巩固） 题型：短语填空｜考查：核心短语记忆与运用｜难度：★ 词库：be good at, turn to somebody for help, after school, be willing to do something, thanks to, count on, take care of, watch over, wake up, come along 1. Li Hua is ________ maths, so Chen Ming asks him for help. 2. When I have a problem, I can ________ my best friend ________. 3. They often play ping-pong together ________. 4. Are you ________ help your classmates? 5. ________ his help, my English has improved a lot. 6. You can always ________ me when you are in trouble. 7. Good friends should ________ each other when someone is sick. 8. The old man ________ his grandson every afternoon. 9. I ________ at 6:30 every morning. 10. A true friend will ________ and stay with you. 【短语练习二】翻译句子（能力提升） 题型：翻译句子｜考查：核心短语在句子中的运用｜难度：★★ 要求：将下列句子翻译成英文，写在横线上。 1. 李华擅长数学。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. 遇到困难时，我求助于我的好朋友。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. 放学后，他们一起打乒乓球。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. 多亏了她的帮助，我变得更自信了。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. 真正的朋友会互相依靠。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. 我每天早上六点半醒来。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 四、课文精读（Reading: New school, new friends） （一）课文原文 Chen Ming started his new school life this month. Read his post about his new friend. New school, new friends I love my new school! I have made a lot of new friends there. Li Hua is one of them. Li Hua is helpful and patient. He is also good at maths. When I meet difficult maths problems, I turn to him for help. When something interesting happens to me, I share my happiness with him. When one of us feels sad, we tell the other one and this makes us feel better. We really like doing things together. Li Hua loves playing ping-pong with me after school. "It's fun to play with a good player like you," he says. With his help, my maths has improved a lot. I am also more confident now, and I have the courage to try new things. My parents also tell me that I am more open and willing to help than before. I think this is all thanks to Li Hua. Close friends can really help us in our lives! My friendship with Li Hua teaches me that friends count on each other for love, admiration, respect and support. Friendships are not only about having fun, but also about love, honesty, understanding and trust. Chen Ming, 13 8:00 p.m. （二）课文翻译 陈明这个月开始了他的新学校生活。读一读他写的新朋友的帖子。 新学校，新朋友 我爱我的新学校！我在那里交了很多新朋友。李华就是其中之一。 李华乐于助人，也很有耐心。他还擅长数学。当我遇到数学难题时，我向他求助。当我遇到有趣的事，我会和他分享我的快乐。当我们中的一个人感到难过时，我们会告诉对方，这让我们感觉好些。我们真的很喜欢一起做事。李华喜欢放学后和我打乒乓球。"和你这样厉害的选手一起打球真有趣，"他说。 在他的帮助下，我的数学进步很大。我现在也更自信了，并且有勇气去尝试新事物。我的父母也告诉我，我比以前更开朗、更愿意帮助别人了。我想这都要感谢李华。亲密的朋友真的能在生活中帮到我们！ 我和李华的友谊让我明白，朋友之间相互依靠，是因为爱、钦佩、尊重和信任。友谊不仅是为了玩得开心，也是关于爱、诚实、理解和信任。 陈明，13岁 晚上 8:00 （三）课文语言点解析 1. make friends 交朋友（friend 用复数）。 例句：I have made a lot of new friends there. 拓展：make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友。 2. be good at 擅长……（at 后接名词、代词或动名词）。 例句：He is also good at maths. 拓展：She is good at playing the piano. 3. turn to somebody for help 向某人求助（turn to 后接求助对象）。 例句：When I meet difficult maths problems, I turn to him for help. 拓展：You can turn to me when you are in trouble. 4. share ... with ... 和……分享……。 例句：I share my happiness with him. 拓展：We should share our ideas with friends. 5. like doing something 喜欢做某事（强调习惯或长期爱好）。 例句：We really like doing things together. 辨析：like to do 也表"喜欢做"，更侧重具体某次。 6. improve 改进；改善（及物或不及物动词）。 例句：my maths has improved a lot. 拓展：He wants to improve his English. 7. have the courage to do 有勇气做某事。 例句：I have the courage to try new things. 拓展：It takes courage to say the truth. 8. be willing to do 愿意做某事。 例句：I am more open and willing to help than before. 拓展：Are you willing to join us? 9. thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为（后接带来好结果的原因）。 例句：I think this is all thanks to Li Hua. 辨析：because of 中性；thanks to 常带积极色彩。 10. count on 依靠；指望（及物短语）。 例句：friends count on each other for love, admiration, respect and support. 拓展：You can count on me. 11. not only ... but also ... 不但……而且……（连接两个并列成分）。 例句：Friendships are not only about having fun, but also about love, honesty, understanding and trust. 注意：连接主语时，谓语就近一致。 12. teach somebody that ... 让某人明白……（that 引导宾语从句）。 例句：My friendship with Li Hua teaches me that friends count on each other. 拓展：The story teaches us that honesty matters. 【课文练习一】段落大意匹配（能力提升） 题型：段落主旨匹配｜考查：课文结构理解｜难度：★★ 要求：为课文各段选择最合适的主题，其中有两项多余。 段落：Paragraph 1 ______ Paragraph 2 ______ Paragraph 3 ______ Paragraph 4 ______ 备选主题：a. The importance of maths skills b. A better me c. A description of my new school d. Why friendship is important e. Making friends at my new school f. A description of Li Hua 【课文练习二】根据课文内容回答问题（综合运用） 题型：问答｜考查：课文细节理解与表达｜难度：★★★ 1. Why does Chen Ming think Li Hua is helpful and patient? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. How do Chen Ming and Li Hua get along with each other? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Is Chen Ming changing for the better? How? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. What does Chen Ming say about friendship? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. Do you agree with Chen Ming's understanding of friendship? Why or why not? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 五、重点句型 （一）本单元重点句型一览 句型结构 功能 / 含义 例句 What + be + 主语 + like? 询问人或事物的特征 What is your new friend like? Who + be / 动词 + 主语? 询问人（谁） Who is your new friend? Where + be / do / does + 主语 + 动词? 询问地点（在哪里） Where are you now? When + do / does + 主语 + 动词? 询问时间（何时） When do you go to school? Why + do / does + 主语 + 动词? 询问原因（为什么） Why do you like it? How + be / do / does + 主语 ...? 询问方式、状况等 How old is your friend? What do / does + 主语 + like doing? 询问爱好（喜欢做什么） What does he like doing? 【句型练习一】单项选择（识别与运用重点句型）（基础巩固） 题型：单项选择｜考查：重点句型的辨识与运用｜难度：★ 1. —______ is your new friend like? —He is kind and helpful. A. What B. Who C. Where D. How 2. —______ is your good friend? —Li Hua. A. What B. Who C. Where D. When 3. —______ are you now? —I am at home. A. What B. Who C. Where D. Why 4. —______ do you like the book? —Because it is interesting. A. What B. Who C. Why D. How 5. —______ does he like doing? —He likes swimming. A. What B. Who C. Where D. How 6. —______ old is your friend? —He is 13. A. What B. When C. How D. Which 【句型练习二】完成句子（用本单元重点句型补全，每空一词）（能力提升） 题型：完成句子｜考查：重点句型在语境中的运用｜难度：★★ 1. 你的新朋友是个什么样的人？ ________ ________ your new friend ________? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. 你的好朋友是谁？ ________ ________ your good friend? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. 你现在在哪里？ ________ ________ you now? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. 你为什么喜欢这本书？ ________ ________ you like the book? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. 他喜欢做什么？ ________ ________ he like ________? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 【句型练习三】句型转换（就划线部分提问，每空一词）（综合运用） 题型：句型转换｜考查：重点句型的灵活转换｜难度：★★★ 要求：对划线部分提问，将句子改写为 Wh-疑问句，写在横线上。 1. My new friend is Li Hua. _______ _______ your new friend? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. He likes painting pictures. _______ _______ he like _______? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. They are at school now. _______ _______ _______ now? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. She is 12 years old. _______ _______ _______ she? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. I like the book because it is fun. _______ _______ you like the book? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 六、语法精讲：Wh-疑问句（Wh-questions） （一）概念 Wh-疑问句用来询问信息，由疑问词（what / who / where / when / why / how 等）引导，句末用问号。 （二）基本结构 1. Wh-词 + am / is / are + 主语 + 其他? 2. Wh-词 + do / does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 3. 常用 Wh-词：what（什么） who（谁） where（在哪里） when（何时） why（为什么） how（怎样） （三）教材例句对照 Wh-疑问句 含义 / 说明 What is your favourite book? 你最喜欢的书是什么？（what + is） Who is your new friend? 你的新朋友是谁？（who + is） Where are you now? 你现在在哪里？（where + are） How old is your friend? 你的朋友多大了？（how + is） What does he like doing? 他喜欢做什么？（what + does） Why do you like it? 你为什么喜欢它？（why + do） （四）重点注意事项 1. be 动词与 do/does 的选择 主语是 I / he / she / it 或单数名词，且谓语是 be 时，用 am / is / are；谓语是实义动词时，用 do（I/you/we/they）或 does（he/she/it），动词还原。 正：What is your name? / What does he like? 误：What he likes? 2. does 后动词用原形 用了 does，后面的动词必须还原，不能再加 -s。 正：Where does she live? 误：Where does she lives? 3. who 作主语时用单数动词 who 提问"谁做某事"，who 视为第三人称单数，动词加 -s 或用 is。 例：Who is your new friend? / Who helps you? 4. how 引导的多种问法 how old（年龄）how many/much（数量）how often（频率）how long（时长）。 例：How old is your friend? 5. 回答不用 Yes/No Wh-疑问句针对具体信息提问，不能用 Yes/No 回答，要给出具体信息。 问：What is your favourite book? 答：The Little Prince. 6. 句末用问号、语序倒装 Wh-疑问句必须倒装（疑问词+助动词/be+主语），不能写成陈述语序。 正：Where are you? 误：Where you are? 【语法练习一】单项选择（基础巩固） 题型：单项选择｜考查：Wh-疑问句的基本结构｜难度：★ 1. —______ is your new friend? —Li Hua. A. What B. Who C. Where D. How 2. —______ are you now? —I'm at home. A. What B. Who C. Where D. When 3. —______ does he like doing? —He likes swimming. A. What B. Who C. Where D. How 4. —______ your friend live? —Near the school. A. What does B. Where does C. Where do D. How does 5. —______ old is your friend? —He is 13. A. What B. When C. How D. How 6. —______ do you like the book? —Because it is interesting. A. What B. Who C. Why D. Where 【语法练习二】句型转换（就划线部分提问）（能力提升） 题型：句型转换｜考查：Wh-疑问句的灵活构造｜难度：★★ 要求：对划线部分提问，写在横线上。 1. My new friend is Li Hua. ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. He likes painting pictures. ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. They are at school now. ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. She is 12 years old. ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. I like the book because it is fun. ______________________________________________________________________________ 【语法练习三】补全对话（用适当的 Wh-疑问句补全对话）（综合运用） 题型：补全对话｜考查：Wh-疑问句在交际中的运用｜难度：★★★ A: Hi, Su Mei. You look happy. ______________________________________________________________________________ B: Yes! ___1___ ______________________________________________________________________________ A: My new friend is Li Chen. ______________________________________________________________________________ B: ___2___ ______________________________________________________________________________ A: He likes painting pictures and swimming. We share the same hobbies. ______________________________________________________________________________ B: ___3___ ______________________________________________________________________________ A: We like to talk about sport. ______________________________________________________________________________ B: ___4___ ______________________________________________________________________________ A: He is at home now. Great! I've made a new friend. ______________________________________________________________________________ B: ___5___ ______________________________________________________________________________ 七、语音与口语（Pronunciation & Speaking） （一）重点音标 本单元重点操练元音 /iː/ /ɪ/ /æ/ /e/ 与辅音 /p/ /b/，注意蓝色字母的发音。 音标 例词 发音要点 /iː/ me, meet 长元音，嘴角向两边舒展 /ɪ/ his, thin 短元音，松弛靠前 /æ/ have, maths 短元音，口张大 /e/ many, tell 短元音，口半开 /p/ help, powerful 清辅音，不振动声带 /b/ basketball, hobby 浊辅音，振动声带 （二）口语：描述你的朋友（Describing your friend） 结合本单元词汇，从外貌、爱好、品质三方面描述朋友，并说明"是什么让他/她成为你的好朋友"。 S1: I'm going to talk about my best friend, Zhou Jing. She is tall. She has long, straight hair. S2: What makes her your best friend? S1: She is kind and caring. When I feel sad, she is always there to help me and cheer me up. 八、写作指导（Writing a post about your friend） （一）写作框架（思维导图） 写"关于朋友的帖子"可从四个方面组织内容：① Basic information（基本信息）② Appearance（外貌）③ Hobbies（爱好）④ Personal qualities（个人品质）。 （二）范文（Wang Yao 写的好朋友 Han Li） Han Li is my best friend. She is 12 years old. Han Li is tall. She has long, straight hair and big, dark eyes. I think she is lovely. She is good at dancing and likes modern dance. Han Li is very kind and helpful. When I need help, she is always there for me. I can trust her and I share my thoughts with her. I often tell her how I feel about people or things. It is wonderful to have such a good friend. （三）写作模板（供仿写） • ______________ is my (new / good / best) friend. • He / She is ________ years old. • He / She is (tall / short ...). He / She has ________ hair and ________ eyes. • He / She is good at ________ and likes ________. • He / She is ________ (kind / helpful / honest ...). When I ________, he / she ________. • I can trust him / her. It is wonderful to have such a good friend. 九、Focus on culture 精读（Charlotte's Web） （一）语篇原文（节选） Many books explore the power and beauty of strong and lasting friendships. Let's dive into one of the classic books. Charlotte's Web is the story of two friends on a farm: Wilbur the Pig and Charlotte the Spider. The farmer, Zuckerman, wants to eat Wilbur, but Charlotte has a plan to save his life. Thanks to Charlotte's clever plan, Zuckerman lets the pig live. However, Charlotte is dying of old age. Wilbur is very sad, but he tells Charlotte he will take care of her children. Wilbur often thought of Charlotte. All winter Wilbur watched over Charlotte's eggs. For Wilbur, nothing in life was as important. He waited patiently for the big day to come. One sunny morning, Wilbur saw something move — a very small spider that looked like Charlotte. Then three more, then eight, then ten ... Charlotte's children were here at last. "This felt like the end of the world to Wilbur." He cried himself to sleep. When he woke up, there were three small spiders on the wall. "Hello! Three of us are staying. We like this place, and we like you," said a very small spider. As the months and years came and went, he was never without friends. Wilbur never forgot Charlotte. He loved her children and grandchildren, but they could never take her place in his heart. It is not often that a true friend like her comes along. （二）语篇翻译（节选） 许多书都探索了坚固而持久友谊的力量与美好。让我们深入阅读其中一本经典之作。 《夏洛的网》讲述的是一个农场上两个朋友的故事：小猪威尔伯和蜘蛛夏洛。农场主祖克曼想吃掉威尔伯，但夏洛想出了一个计划来救他的命。多亏夏洛聪明的计划，祖克曼让这头猪活了下来。然而，夏洛因年老即将死去。威尔伯非常伤心，但他告诉夏洛，他会照顾她的孩子们。 威尔伯常想起夏洛。整个冬天，威尔伯都守着夏洛的卵。对威尔伯来说，生活中没有什么比这更重要。他耐心地等待那个大日子的到来。一个阳光明媚的早晨，威尔伯看到有东西在动——一只非常小的、长得像夏洛的蜘蛛。接着又多了三只，然后八只，然后十只……夏洛的孩子们终于来到了。 "对威尔伯来说，这就像世界末日一样。"他哭着睡着了。当他醒来时，墙上有三只小蜘蛛。"你好！我们三个留下来。我们喜欢这个地方，也喜欢你，"一只很小的蜘蛛说。 随着岁月更迭，他从未没有朋友。威尔伯从未忘记夏洛。他爱她的孩子和孙辈，但他们永远无法取代她在他心中的位置。像她这样真正的朋友并不常出现。 （三）语篇语言点解析 1. explore 探索；探讨（及物动词）。 例句：Many books explore the power and beauty of friendships. 拓展：We should explore new ideas. 2. thanks to 幸亏；由于（带来好结果）。 例句：Thanks to Charlotte's clever plan, Zuckerman lets the pig live. 拓展：Thanks to your help, I finished on time. 3. however 然而；不过（副词，常放句首，后接逗号）。 例句：However, Charlotte is dying of old age. 拓展：It is raining. However, we will go out. 4. take care of 照顾；照料。 例句：he will take care of her children. 拓展：Please take care of my cat. 5. watch over 照管；监督；守护。 例句：Wilbur watched over Charlotte's eggs. 拓展：The nurse watched over the baby. 6. wait patiently 耐心地等待（patiently 副词修饰 wait）。 例句：He waited patiently for the big day. 拓展：She listened patiently to the story. 7. cry oneself to sleep 哭着入睡（oneself 随主语变化）。 例句：He cried himself to sleep. 拓展：The child cried herself to sleep. 8. wake up 醒来（不及物短语）。 例句：When he woke up, there were three small spiders. 拓展：I wake up at seven every day. 9. come and go 来去；变幻（不及物）。 例句：As the months and years came and went ... 拓展：Seasons come and go. 10. take somebody's place 替代某人；取代某人。 例句：they could never take her place in his heart. 拓展：No one can take your place. 11. come along 出现；到来（不及物）。 例句：It is not often that a true friend like her comes along. 拓展：A good chance came along. 12. in one's heart 在某人的心里。 例句：they could never take her place in his heart. 拓展：She will always live in my heart. 【文化语篇练习一】根据语篇内容完成句子（每空一词）（能力提升） 题型：完成句子｜考查：语篇理解与语言点运用｜难度：★★ 1. Charlotte's Web is the story of two ________ on a farm. 2. ________ Charlotte's clever plan, the pig lives. 3. Wilbur ________ ________ Charlotte's eggs all winter. 4. He ________ ________ to sleep because he felt sad. 5. The small spiders said they liked the place and liked ________. 6. A true friend like Charlotte does not often ________ ________. 【文化语篇练习二】根据语篇回答问题（综合运用） 题型：问答｜考查：语篇理解｜难度：★★★ 1. Who are the two friends in Charlotte's Web? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Why did Charlotte make a plan? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. What did Wilbur do for Charlotte's children? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. How do you understand "This felt like the end of the world to Wilbur"? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 十、跨学科联系与项目（Cross-curricular & Project） （一）Cross-curricular connection：多元智能（Education） 科学家认为人拥有多种智能（multiple intelligences），但通常只有一两项特别强。你和朋友可能擅长不同的方面。 智能类型 说明 Body Smart 身体智能：擅长运动（如跳舞、踢足球） Music Smart 音乐智能：擅长乐器与听音乐（如弹吉他） Nature Smart 自然智能：喜欢动植物、户外探索 Picture Smart 图像智能：擅长绘画、摄影、看地图 Word Smart 语言智能：喜欢写作、阅读、表演 Number Smart 逻辑数学智能：擅长下棋、解数学谜题 （二）Project：制作关于朋友与友谊的展示 任务：你在新学校结识了新朋友。如何在小组中介绍你的老朋友，并讨论"是什么造就稳固的友谊"？ 步骤：Step 1 思考朋友（外貌、擅长的事、共同爱好）；Step 2 在小组中描述并讨论；Step 3 准备展示并向全班汇报。 展示模板：(name) is my best friend. He / She has ... (appearance). He / She is good at ... We like ... together. (name) is ... (personal qualities). When I'm with him / her, I can ... Our group thinks that true / good friends usually take care of each other. Trust / ... makes a strong friendship. 十一、易错点提醒 1. like doing vs like to do like doing 强调长期的爱好或习惯；like to do 侧重具体某次或特定情形。 例：We like doing things together.（习惯）/ I like to stay here today.（这次） 2. be good at 后接 -ing at 是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接动词原形。 误：He is good at play basketball. 正：He is good at playing basketball. 3. turn to 后接人，不是事 turn to sb. for help 向"人"求助；求助"事"要用 turn to sth.。 例：I turn to him for help. 误：I turn to help. 4. Wh-疑问句 does 后动词还原 用了 does，后面动词必须原形。 误：Where does she likes? 正：Where does she like? 5. who 作主语视为单数 who 提问主语时，动词用单数形式（is / helps）。 例：Who is your friend? / Who helps you? 6. thanks to 的积极色彩 thanks to 多指带来好结果的原因；中性原因用 because of。 例：Thanks to Li Hua, I improved. （积极） 7. not only ... but also 就近一致 连接两个主语时，谓语动词与靠近的主语一致。 例：Not only he but also I am happy. 8. patient（有耐心的）vs patience（耐心 n.） patient 作形容词；patience 是名词。 例：He is patient. / He has patience. 【易错点练习一】单句改错（每句有一处错误，找出并改正，写在横线上）（综合运用） 题型：单句改错｜考查：易错点辨析与改正｜难度：★★★ 1. He is good at play basketball. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Where does she likes reading? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. I turn to help when I have problems. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Who help you with your maths? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. We like to do things together every weekend. (判断 like doing / to do 是否误用) ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. Because of his help, I became confident. (判断 thanks to / because of 色彩) ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 【易错点练习二】从括号中选出正确的词（综合运用） 题型：易混词辨析｜考查：高频易错词｜难度：★★★ 1. Li Hua is very ________ (patient / patience) with me. 2. He has a lot of ________ (patient / patience). 3. I ________ (like doing / like to do) sports with my friends. (长期爱好) 4. ________ (Thanks to / Because of) the rain, the match was put off. (中性原因) 5. ________ (Thanks to / Because of) her help, I passed the exam. (积极结果) 6. Who ________ (is / are) your new friend? 十二、综合练习 （本单元综合检测，覆盖词汇、短语、语法与阅读，含逻辑分析） I. 单项选择（共10小题） 1. Li Hua is ________ maths, so Chen Ming asks him for help. A. good at B. good in C. good with D. good for 2. When I have a problem, I can ________ my best friend ________ help. A. turn; for B. turn to; for C. turn; to D. turn to; to 3. —________ is your new friend? —Li Hua. A. What B. Who C. Where D. How 4. —________ does he like doing? —He likes swimming. A. What B. Who C. Where D. Why 5. ________ his help, my English has improved a lot. A. Because of B. Thanks to C. Thanks for D. Without 6. Good friends should ________ each other in times of trouble. A. count on B. count C. look for D. look at 7. She is ________ and always there when I need help. A. caring B. care C. careful D. careless 8. —________ old is your friend? —He is 13. A. What B. When C. How D. Which 9. Friendships are ________ about having fun, ________ about love and trust. A. not only; but also B. either; or C. neither; nor D. both; and 10. —Where ________ she live? —Near the school. A. do B. does C. is D. are II. 语法填空（阅读短文，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空） Chen Ming is a new student. He ___1___ (make) a lot of new friends at his new school. Li Hua is one of ___2___ (they). Li Hua is ___3___ (help) and ___4___ (patience). He is good at maths, so Chen Ming often ___5___ (turn) to him for help. With Li Hua's help, Chen Ming becomes more ___6___ (confidence) and is ___7___ (willing) to help others. He thinks this is all ___8___ (thank) to Li Hua. Their ___9___ (friend) teaches him that friends count on each other for love, respect and ___10___ (understand). III. 完形填空（阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 选项中选出最佳选项） My name is Su Wen. I started my new school life this month and I have made a new friend. His name is Li Chen. He is a ___1___ boy. He likes painting pictures and swimming, and we ___2___ the same hobbies. Li Chen is ___3___ and patient. When I meet difficult problems, I ___4___ him for help. We really like doing things ___5___. After school, we often play ping-pong. "It's fun to play with a good ___6___ like you," I say. ___7___ his help, my study has improved. I am more confident now and have the ___8___ to try new things. True friends ___9___ each other for love and support. I think this is what makes a ___10___ friendship. 1. A. kind B. helpful C. quiet D. tall 2. A. have B. makes C. share D. keep 3. A. kind B. brave C. helpful D. smart 4. A. turn to B. ask C. need D. want 5. A. together B. alone C. lonely D. only 6. A. friend B. player C. neighbour D. classmate 7. A. Because B. Thanks to C. Without D. After 8. A. courage B. power C. chance D. time 9. A. count on B. need C. look for D. care 10. A. strong B. close C. true D. real IV. 阅读理解（共两篇，10小题；Passage B 含词义猜测） (A) Wang Yao drew a mind map before she wrote about her best friend. Her friend is Han Li. Han Li is 12 years old. She is tall and has long, straight hair and big, dark eyes. She is good at dancing and likes modern dance. Han Li is very kind and helpful. When Wang Yao needs help, Han Li is always there for her. Wang Yao can trust Han Li and shares her thoughts with her. "It is wonderful to have such a good friend," says Wang Yao. Wang Yao's teacher says that writing about a friend helps students learn to describe people and express their feelings. Many students in the class now have a "best friend post" on the class wall. 1. How old is Han Li? A. 11. B. 12. C. 13. D. 14. 2. What does Han Li look like? A. She is short with curly hair. B. She is tall with long, straight hair. C. She has short hair and blue eyes. D. She is of medium height. 3. What is Han Li good at? A. Singing. B. Swimming. C. Dancing. D. Painting. 4. Why does Wang Yao think Han Li is a good friend? A. Because she is beautiful. B. Because she is kind and always there to help. C. Because she is good at dancing. D. Because she shares her hobbies. 5. What does the teacher think of writing about a friend? A. It is a waste of time. B. It helps students describe people and express feelings. C. It is too difficult. D. It is only for homework. (B) Friendship means different things to different people, but most of us agree that a true friend is someone we can trust. A true friend does not just stay with us when life is happy; he or she also stays with us in times of trouble. Euripides, an ancient Greek writer, once said, "Friends show their love in times of trouble, not in happiness." This means a real friend's love is tested when we are in difficulty, not when everything is fine. Scientists also tell us that friendship is good for our health. People with close friends often feel less lonely and are more confident. They also recover faster from illness. So making and keeping good friends is one of the best things we can do for ourselves. 1. According to the passage, a true friend ______. A. only stays in happy times B. can be trusted C. never helps in trouble D. is always rich 2. The quote from Euripides shows that ______. A. friends love us only when happy B. real friendship is tested in trouble C. trouble is unnecessary D. happiness is more important 3. What is the benefit of friendship mentioned by scientists? A. It makes us richer. B. It helps our health. C. It makes us famous. D. It gives us more hobbies. 4. The underlined word "recover" probably means ______. A. 生病 B. 康复 C. 离开 D. 忘记 5. What is the best title for the passage? A. How to Make Money B. The Power of True Friendship C. Greek Writers D. How to Be Healthy V. 首字母填空（根据短文内容和首字母提示，填入所缺单词） Chen Ming loves his new school and has made many new friends. Li Hua is one of 1. t_______. Li Hua is 2. h_______ and 3. p_______. He is good 4. a_______ maths, so Chen Ming often turns 5. t_______ him for help. With his help, Chen Ming is more 6. c_______ and has the 7. c_______ to try new things. Their 8. f_______ teaches them that friends 9. c_______ on each other for love and 10. s_______. VI. 翻译与默写（根据所给中文，默写出英文；或补全文化语篇）（综合运用） 要求：将下列句子译成英文，写在横线上。 1. 李华乐于助人，也很有耐心。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. 当我遇到数学难题时，我向他求助。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. 多亏了李华，我的数学进步很大。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. 友谊不仅是为了玩得开心，也是关于爱、诚实、理解与信任。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. 威尔伯整个冬天都守着夏洛的卵。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 【词汇练习一】根据中文提示写出英文单词 1. guitar 2. honest 3. patient 4. improve 5. confident 6. courage 7. friendship 8. admiration 9. respect 10. support 11. trust 12. survey 13. personal 14. quality 15. caring 16. describe 17. appearance 18. straight 19. dark 20. same 21. basic 22. thought 23. however 24. glad 25. rise 26. end 27. heart 【词汇练习二】词性转换 1. helpful; patient 2. confident 3. friendship 4. respect; admiration 5. caring 6. improved 7. describe 8. singer 9. thought 10. supportive 【词汇练习三】单词释义搭配 1. D 2. E 3. G 4. B 5. A 6. F 7. H 8. J 9. I 10. C 【词汇练习四】语篇选词填空 1. patient 2. confident 3. courage 4. friendship 5. trust 6. count on 7. respect 8. caring 9. support 10. admire 【短语练习一】选短语填空 1. good at 2. turn to; for 3. after school 4. willing to 5. Thanks to 6. count on 7. take care of 8. watches over 9. wake up 10. come along 【短语练习二】翻译句子 1. Li Hua is good at maths. 2. When I have a problem, I turn to my good friend for help. 3. They often play ping-pong together after school. 4. Thanks to her help, I have become more confident. 5. True friends count on each other. 6. I wake up at 6:30 every morning. 【课文练习一】段落大意匹配 Paragraph 1: e (Making friends) Paragraph 2: f (A description of Li Hua) Paragraph 3: b (A better me) Paragraph 4: d (Why friendship is important) 多余项：a. The importance of maths skills c. A description of my new school 【课文练习二】根据课文内容回答问题 1. Because Li Hua is good at maths and helps him with difficult problems; he is also patient. 2. They share happiness, tell each other when sad, and like doing things together (e.g. playing ping-pong). 3. Yes. His maths improved, he is more confident, open and willing to help. 4. Friends count on each other for love, admiration, respect and support; friendship is about love, honesty, understanding and trust. 5. (Open answer) 示例：Yes, because true friends support and trust each other. 【句型练习一】单项选择 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. C 【句型练习二】完成句子 1. What is; like 2. Who is 3. Where are 4. Why do 5. What does; doing 【句型练习三】句型转换 1. Who is 2. What does; doing 3. Where are they 4. How old is 5. Why do 【语法练习一】单项选择 1-6: BCA BBC 【语法练习二】句型转换 1. Who is your new friend? 2. What does he like doing? 3. Where are they? 4. How old is she? 5. Why do you like the book? 【语法练习三】补全对话 1. Who is your new friend? 2. What does he like doing? 3. What do you like to talk about? 4. Where is your friend? 5. How old is your friend? 【文化语篇练习一】完成句子 1. friends 2. Thanks to 3. watched; over 4. cried; himself 5. him 6. come along 【文化语篇练习二】回答问题 1. Wilbur the Pig and Charlotte the Spider. 2. To save Wilbur's life (because Zuckerman wanted to eat him). 3. He watched over her eggs all winter and took care of her children. 4. Wilbur felt extremely sad when most of the spiders left; it was like the end of his world. 【易错点练习一】单句改错 1. play → playing（be good at 后接 -ing） 2. likes → like（does 后动词还原） 3. turn to help → turn to him for help 4. help → helps（who 作主语视为单数） 5. 长期爱好用 like doing（正确，无需改）或视语境改 to do 6. because of 用于中性原因（正确，无需改） 【易错点练习二】易混词辨析 1. patient 2. patience 3. like doing 4. Because of 5. Thanks to 6. is 综合练习参考答案 I. 单项选择 1-5: ABBAB 6-10: AACAB II. 语法填空 1. has made 2. them 3. helpful 4. patient 5. turns 6. confident 7. willing 8. thanks 9. friendship 10. understanding III. 完形填空 1-5: BCCAA 6-10: ABAAA IV. 阅读理解 (A) 1-5: BBCBB (B) 1-5: BBBBB V. 首字母填空 1. them 2. helpful 3. patient 4. at 5. to 6. confident 7. courage 8. friendship 9. count 10. support VI. 翻译与默写 1. Li Hua is helpful and patient. 2. When I meet difficult maths problems, I turn to him for help. 3. Thanks to Li Hua, my maths has improved a lot. 4. Friendships are not only about having fun, but also about love, honesty, understanding and trust. 5. Wilbur watched over Charlotte's eggs all winter. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $