Unit 8 Making a difference.语法精讲精练2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

该初中英语讲义通过表格对比系统构建了现在完成时中since与for的用法及非延续性动词知识体系，清晰呈现两者含义、结构、搭配及转换规则，用对比表格归纳非延续性与延续性动词的定义、特点及转换示例，结合易错点提示梳理重难点内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，涵盖用since/for填空、动词适当形式转换、句型转换等题型，如“用所给动词的适当形式填空”引导学生掌握非延续性动词转换规则，“单句改错”培养思维品质，参考答案与解析助力不同层次学生自主复习，为教师实施精准教学提供支持，提升语言能力与学习效率。

人教版八下 Unit 8 Making a difference.语法精讲精练 —— 现在完成时 since与for用法及非延续性动词—— 第一部分 语法精讲 一、since与for的用法对比 比较项目 since for 含义 自……以后；从……以来，表示从过去某一时间点开始 长达……，表示持续的一段时间 结构 since + 过去的时间点 / 一般过去时的从句 for + 时间段 常见搭配 since 2020, since last year, since three days ago, since he came here for 3 years, for a long time, for two weeks, for half an hour 例句 She has lived here since 2020.（自从2020年以来，她就一直住在这儿。） She has lived here for 3 years.（她在这儿住了3年了。） 提问方式 对since引导的时间状语提问用How long或Since when 对for引导的时间状语提问用How long 二、since与for的相互转换 在现在完成时中，since + 时间点 可以与 for + 时间段 相互转换，前提是时间段等于从那个时间点到现在的时间长度。 例句： ① She has lived here since 2020. = She has lived here for 6 years.（假设现在是2026年） ② He has worked here since 3 years ago. = He has worked here for 3 years. ③ I have known her since I was a child. = I have known her for many years. 【注意】since后接时间点（如2020, last week, yesterday），for后接时间段（如3 years, two months）；since + 时间段 + ago可以与 for + 时间段 互换。 三、非延续性动词与延续性动词 1. 基本概念 动词类型 定义 特点 举例 非延续性动词（瞬间动词） 动作一旦发生就立即结束，不能持续 不能与表示一段时间的状语（for/since）连用，但其否定形式可以 arrive, come, go, leave, begin, start, buy, borrow, join, die, marry, break, fall asleep 延续性动词（持续动词） 动作可以持续一段时间 可以与for/since等表示一段时间的状语连用 live, work, study, stay, keep, have, be, sleep, read, write, play 2. 常见非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换 在现在完成时的肯定句中，如果要与for/since等表示一段时间的状语连用，必须将非延续性动词转换为表示状态的延续性动词或短语。 非延续性动词（瞬间动作） 延续性动词（持续状态） 中文含义 arrive / come / get to be here / be in + 地点 到达 / 来到 leave / go away be away (from) 离开 begin / start be on 开始 finish / end be over 结束 buy have 买 borrow keep 借 join be in / be a member of 加入 die be dead 死 marry be married 结婚 break be broken 弄坏 fall asleep be asleep 入睡 fall ill be ill 生病 open be open 打开 close be closed 关闭 catch a cold have a cold 感冒 put on wear / be in 穿上 get up be up 起床 lose be lost / be missing 丢失 become be 成为 go to school be a student / be at school 上学 3. 转换例句 ① He arrived in Beijing last week. → He has been in Beijing for a week. （他上周到达北京。→ 他在北京待了一周了。） ② The film began ten minutes ago. → The film has been on for ten minutes. （电影十分钟前开始了。→ 电影已经开始十分钟了。） ③ She bought the book two years ago. → She has had the book for two years. （她两年前买了这本书。→ 她拥有这本书两年了。） ④ His grandfather died three years ago. → His grandfather has been dead for three years. （他爷爷三年前去世了。→ 他爷爷去世三年了。） ⑤ I borrowed the book last week. → I have kept the book for a week. （我上周借了这本书。→ 这本书我借了一周了。） 四、易错点提示 1. 非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，表示动作的状态持续。 例句：I haven't seen him for a long time.（我很久没见到他了。） 2. 在一般过去时中，非延续性动词可以与表示时间点的状语连用，但不能与表示时间段的状语连用。 正确：He bought the car yesterday. 错误：He bought the car for two days. 3. 对since和for引导的时间状语提问都用How long，不能用How soon或How often。 例句：—How long have you lived here? —For 5 years. / Since 2021. 第二部分 语法精练 题型一 用since或for填空 （每空一词，注意since与for的区别） 1. I have lived in this city ________ 2015. 2. She has studied English ________ three years. 3. They have been friends ________ they were children. 4. He has worked in this factory ________ ten years. 5. We haven't seen each other ________ last month. 6. The film has been on ________ half an hour. 7. I have known her ________ a long time. 8. He has been away from home ________ two days. 9. She has been a teacher ________ she graduated from college. 10. They have lived here ________ five years ago. 题型二 用所给动词的适当形式填空 （注意非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换，必要时使用延续性动词） 1. He ________ (arrive) in Beijing. He ________ (be) there for two days. 2. The film ________ (begin). It ________ (be on) for ten minutes. 3. She ________ (buy) the dress. She ________ (have) it for a week. 4. I ________ (borrow) the book. I ________ (keep) it for two weeks. 5. His grandfather ________ (die). He ________ (be dead) for three years. 6. They ________ (join) the club. They ________ (be members) of the club since last year. 7. The shop ________ (open). It ________ (be open) for 8 hours. 8. He ________ (leave) his hometown. He ________ (be away) for five years. 9. She ________ (fall) asleep. She ________ (be asleep) for an hour. 10. They ________ (get) married. They ________ (be married) for ten years. 题型三 句型转换 （按要求转换句型，每空一词，含缩写） 1. He has lived here since 2018.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ ________ he lived here? 2. She has worked in this hospital for 5 years.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ ________ she worked in this hospital? 3. I bought the bike two years ago.（改为同义句，用现在完成时） I ________ ________ the bike ________ two years. 4. The meeting began half an hour ago.（改为同义句） The meeting ________ ________ ________ for half an hour. 5. He left home three days ago.（改为同义句） He ________ ________ ________ from home for three days. 6. She has been a teacher since 2020.（改为同义句，用for） She has been a teacher ________ ________ ________. 7. They got married ten years ago.（改为同义句） They ________ ________ ________ for ten years. 8. The old man died two years ago.（改为同义句） The old man ________ ________ ________ for two years. 9. I have kept the book for a week.（改为同义句，用since） I ________ ________ the book ________ a week ago. 10. He has been in the army since 2019.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ ________ he been in the army? 题型四 根据汉语提示完成句子 （每空一词，注意非延续性动词的转换） 1. 他来中国已经三年了。 He ________ ________ ________ China for three years. 2. 电影已经开始十分钟了。 The film ________ ________ ________ for ten minutes. 3. 这本书我已经买了两年了。 I ________ ________ this book for two years. 4. 他离开家乡已经五年了。 He ________ ________ ________ from his hometown for five years. 5. 她入党已经三年了。 She ________ ________ ________ the Party for three years. 6. 这位老人去世已经十年了。 The old man ________ ________ ________ for ten years. 7. 他们结婚已经十五年了。 They ________ ________ ________ for fifteen years. 8. 我借这本书已经两周了。 I ________ ________ this book for two weeks. 9. 商店已经开门八小时了。 The shop ________ ________ ________ for eight hours. 10. 他已经睡了一个小时了。 He ________ ________ ________ for an hour. 题型五 单句改错 （下列各句中均有一处错误，请找出并改正） 1. He has bought the car for two years. ________ 2. She has left her hometown since 2020. ________ 3. The film has begun for half an hour. ________ 4. I have borrowed the book for three weeks. ________ 5. His grandfather has died for five years. ________ 6. They have got married for ten years. ________ 7. He has joined the army since 2019. ________ 8. She has fallen asleep for two hours. ________ 9. I have lived here since three years. ________ 10. He has been away for last week. ________ 第三部分 参考答案与解析 题型一 用since或for填空 1. since 【解析】2015是时间点，用since，表示「自从2015年以来」。 2. for 【解析】three years是时间段，用for，表示「长达三年」。 3. since 【解析】they were children是从句（时间点），用since引导从句。 4. for 【解析】ten years是时间段，用for。 5. since 【解析】last month是时间点，用since。 6. for 【解析】half an hour是时间段，用for。 7. for 【解析】a long time是时间段，用for。 8. for 【解析】two days是时间段，用for。 9. since 【解析】she graduated from college是从句（时间点），用since。 10. since 【解析】five years ago是时间点（五年前），用since；注意since + 时间段 + ago的结构。 题型二 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. has arrived; has been 【解析】第一空表示动作已完成用has arrived；第二空与for two days连用，必须用延续性动词has been。 2. has begun; has been on 【解析】第一空表示动作已完成用has begun；第二空与for ten minutes连用，begin转换为be on，用has been on。 3. has bought; has had 【解析】第一空表示动作已完成用has bought；第二空与for a week连用，buy转换为have，用has had。 4. have borrowed; have kept 【解析】第一空表示动作已完成用have borrowed；第二空与for two weeks连用，borrow转换为keep，用have kept。 5. has died; has been dead 【解析】第一空表示动作已完成用has died；第二空与for three years连用，die转换为be dead，用has been dead。 6. have joined; have been members 【解析】第一空表示动作已完成用have joined；第二空与since last year连用，join转换为be members，用have been members。 7. has opened; has been open 【解析】第一空表示动作已完成用has opened；第二空与for 8 hours连用，open（动词）转换为be open（形容词，表状态），用has been open。 8. has left; has been away 【解析】第一空表示动作已完成用has left；第二空与for five years连用，leave转换为be away，用has been away。 9. has fallen; has been asleep 【解析】第一空表示动作已完成用has fallen；第二空与for an hour连用，fall asleep转换为be asleep，用has been asleep。 10. have got; have been married 【解析】第一空表示动作已完成用have got；第二空与for ten years连用，get married转换为be married，用have been married。 题型三 句型转换 1. How long has 【解析】对since引导的时间状语提问用How long；现在完成时特殊疑问句结构。 2. How long has 【解析】对for引导的时间段提问用How long；主语she为第三人称单数用has。 3. have had; for 【解析】buy是非延续性动词，不能与for two years连用，转换为延续性动词have；用现在完成时have had。 4. has been on 【解析】begin是非延续性动词，不能与for half an hour连用，转换为be on；主语The meeting为单数用has。 5. has been away 【解析】leave是非延续性动词，不能与for three days连用，转换为be away；主语he为第三人称单数用has。 6. for six years 【解析】since 2020转换为for + 时间段（假设现在是2026年，2026-2020=6年）。 7. have been married 【解析】get married是非延续性动词短语，不能与for ten years连用，转换为be married；主语they用have。 8. has been dead 【解析】die是非延续性动词，不能与for two years连用，转换为be dead；主语The old man为单数用has。 9. have kept; since 【解析】for a week转换为since a week ago；borrow转换为延续性动词keep，用现在完成时have kept。 10. How long has 【解析】对since引导的时间状语提问用How long；主语he为第三人称单数用has。 题型四 根据汉语提示完成句子 1. has been in 【解析】come/arrive是非延续性动词，不能与for three years连用，转换为be in + 地点；主语he为第三人称单数用has。 2. has been on 【解析】begin是非延续性动词，不能与for ten minutes连用，转换为be on；主语The film为单数用has。 3. have had 【解析】buy是非延续性动词，不能与for two years连用，转换为have；主语I用have。 4. has been away 【解析】leave是非延续性动词，不能与for five years连用，转换为be away；主语he为第三人称单数用has。 5. has been in 【解析】join是非延续性动词，不能与for three years连用，转换为be in the Party；主语she为第三人称单数用has。 6. has been dead 【解析】die是非延续性动词，不能与for ten years连用，转换为be dead；主语The old man为单数用has。 7. have been married 【解析】get married是非延续性动词短语，不能与for fifteen years连用，转换为be married；主语they用have。 8. have kept 【解析】borrow是非延续性动词，不能与for two weeks连用，转换为keep；主语I用have。 9. has been open 【解析】open（动词）是非延续性动词，不能与for eight hours连用，转换为be open（形容词，表状态）；主语The shop为单数用has。 10. has been asleep 【解析】fall asleep是非延续性动词短语，不能与for an hour连用，转换为be asleep；主语he为第三人称单数用has。 题型五 单句改错 1. has bought → has had 【解析】buy是非延续性动词，不能与for two years连用，改为延续性动词have。 2. has left → has been away 【解析】leave是非延续性动词，不能与since 2020连用，改为be away表示状态。 3. has begun → has been on 【解析】begin是非延续性动词，不能与for half an hour连用，改为be on。 4. have borrowed → have kept 【解析】borrow是非延续性动词，不能与for three weeks连用，改为keep。 5. has died → has been dead 【解析】die是非延续性动词，不能与for five years连用，改为be dead。 6. have got married → have been married 【解析】get married是非延续性动词短语，不能与for ten years连用，改为be married。 7. has joined → has been in 【解析】join是非延续性动词，不能与since 2019连用，改为be in the army。 8. has fallen asleep → has been asleep 【解析】fall asleep是非延续性动词短语，不能与for two hours连用，改为be asleep。 9. since three years → for three years / since three years ago 【解析】since后接时间点，for后接时间段；three years是时间段，应用for；或改为since three years ago。 10. for last week → since last week 【解析】last week是时间点，应用since；for后接时间段。 第 1 页 共 10 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $